Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Akkad'
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Akkad, Nadja [Verfasser]. "Isolierung und Charakterisierung der ER-residenten Aminopeptidase ERMP1 und Untersuchung ihrer Funktion in der Prozessierung MHC I restringierter CTL Epitope / Nadja Akkad." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102318754X/34.
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Al-Akkad, Amro [Verfasser], Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Jarke, and Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Wulf. "Working around disruptions of network infrastructures – design and evaluation of mobile ad-hoc systems for resilient communication in disasters / Amro Al-Akkad ; Matthias Jarke, Volker Wulf." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/112918076X/34.
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Kawakami, Naohiko. "The northwestern territorial extent of Sargon's Empire of Akkad : studies on the royal inscriptions and the historical literary texts on the horizons of the historical geography." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416100.
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The principal aim of this research is to contribute to solving a widely debatable question relating to the northwestern territorial extent of the empire of Akkad, indicated by the royal inscriptions and the historical literary or epic texts, during the reign of Sargon. It is unfortunately impossible to define its territorial extent with certainty. However, some contributions toward solving this historical problem have made an attempt to identify the places involved. The capital city of the empire of Akkad has still not been located. If we were to discover its capital city of Agade, it would raise the great possibility that excavations on the site might produce evidence, which could eventually define the question of Sargon's supremacy over the northwest. The same can be said for the locations of some northwestern places mentioned in two different genres of the cuneiform texts, the royal inscriptions and the historical literary or epic texts. According to these texts, Sargon may have had a sort of political or military supremacy over some places beyond Mari in the northwest of Mesopotamia. However, we still cannot identify the locations of some of these places. Again, if the locations of these places can be identified, we may also expect the discovery of written and archaeological evidence, which might answer this controversial question. Chapter 1 considers the nature of the problems surrounding Sargon's territorial expansion toward the northwest of Mesopotamia, in the light of both the royal inscriptions and the historical literary or epic texts. We cite and consider the varying scholarly opinions relating to this problem. Following chapter 1, we consider the methodology for identifying the locations of the toponyms. We try to define the different natures of a number of pieces of topographical information, dividing them into three different genres: primary topographical information or evidence, secondary topographical information or evidence, and supportive secondary topographical information or evidence. We describe how to use these pieces of evidence with the so-called cartographic approach. From chapter 3 onwards, we begin the actual investigation into the locations of the toponyms. We start searching for the capital city of Agade. In chapters 4 to 7, we investigate the locations of the toponyms, which are referred to in the royal inscriptions of Sargon in relation to his northwestern political supremacy. These places are Tuttul, Iarmuti, the Cedar Forest and the Silver Mountains. In Chapters 8 to 9, we investigate the locations of two cities: Hassum and Purushanta, which are only mentioned by the historical literary or eplc texts. The inquiry concludes with chapter 10. We firstly sum up the possible location of the city of Agade. Subsequently, we define the possible northwestern territorial extent of Sargon's empire in relation to the locations of the northwestern toponyms mentioned in the royal inscriptions, then we compare its extent with the locations of the northwestern toponyms of the historical literary or epic texts and identify their geographical relation. Finally, we consider the possibility of Sargon's visit in the northwest in relation to the horizons of the historical geography of Sargon's Empire of Akkad.
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Seif, Assaad. "Les dynamiques spatiales et la céramique du couloir syro-palestinien du Néolithique à l'Âge du Bronze Moyen : la cas du 'Akkār." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010516.
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Cette thèse prétend poursuivre une série de travaux effectués dans la plaine du 'Akkâr au Nord du Liban par des archéologues de renommée qui ont proposé des modèles de peuplement de cette plaine alluviale dans ses deux composantes méridionale «libanaise» et septentrionale «syrienne». Elle a l'ambition de proposer une nouvelle approche concernant le peuplement du 'Akkâr. Plus spécifiquement, elle vise à comprendre les relations culturelles de ce territoire avec son entourage régional ainsi que l'interaction entre l'Homme et son environnement dans la partie méridionale de la plaine depuis le Néolithique jusqu'au Bronze Moyen II. La thèse est structurée autour de trois axes de recherche principaux, le premier concerne l’analyse du matériel issu des prospections entreprises avec la partie méridionale de la plaine en 1997 et 199 afin d’en tirer les informations d’ordre technologique culturel et chronologique d’une part et d’autre part, à travers les parallèles, de brosser une esquisse des contacts régionaux. Le deuxième se concentre sur les données paléo-environnementales en vue de comprendre le paléoclimat et la géomorphologie globale de la région en général, et de la plaine en particulier, au cours des périodes qui nous concernent. Le troisième axe se focalise plutôt sur une archéologie du paysage qui prendrait en compte la dimension spatiale afin d’aboutir à une meilleure compréhension des interactions entre les sites et le territoire. L’utilisation des Systèmes d’Informations Géographiques (SIG) est à la base des approches adoptées. Dans ce cadre, toutes les étapes des analyses adoptées sont exposées en présentant les explications des méthodes choisies ainsi que les différentes phases des procédures analytiques utilisées.
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Kamaleddine, Ahmad. "Évaluation des impacts de l'occupation du sol sur la qualité des ressources en eau dans la région d'Akkar (nord du Liban) : le cas du territoire d'Al-Kayteh." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILA028.
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Akkar est une région rurale et économiquement défavorisée, située au nord du Liban. L'agriculture en est le principal secteur d'activité, ce qui en fait la deuxième région agricole du Liban. Notre terrain d'étude, Al-Kayteh, couvre 26 % de la superficie de la région d'Akkar et abrite 60 % de sa population. Il s'étend depuis le littoral de la Méditerranée jusqu'au sommet d'Aarouba, le point le plus élevé d'Akkar culminant à 2230 mètres d'altitude.Al-Kayteh est actuellement confrontée à un développement urbain important mais désorganisé, ce territoire n'étant pas doté de documents d'urbanisme ni de plans directeurs régissant son aménagement. La plupart de ses communes disposent de réseaux d'égouts obsolètes ou utilisent des fosses septiques pour traiter les eaux usées et par ailleurs, l'utilisation de pesticides et d'engrais chimiques dans les zones agricoles n'est pas réglementé. Ces facteurs mettent en danger et exercent une pression sur les ressources en eau. Ainsi, Al-Kayteh, tout comme Akkar, doit relever des défis majeurs en matière d'aménagement urbain et de préservation des ressources en eau.Les études antérieures portant sur la qualité des ressources en eau à Akkar et à Al-Kayteh ont mis en lumière une pollution quasi-généralisée de cette ressource à l'échelle de la région, tant sur le plan microbiologique par les eaux usées que sur le plan chimique par les engrais chimiques et les pesticides. C'est pourquoi nous avons abordé la question de la pollution de l'eau à Akkar dans une perspective géographique et d'aménagement du territoire en identifiant les modalités de l'occupation du sol depuis 1962 et en en mesurant les conséquences sur les ressources en eau.Nous avons identifié les caractéristiques et les problèmes en relation avec le secteur de l'eau sur le territoire d'Al-Kayteh, ainsi que l'évolution et la répartition de l'urbanisation et des types d'activités agricoles. Des prélèvements ont été réalisés dans 44 puits et sources afin de déterminer la qualité de l'eau puis de caractériser, à l'aide d'outils statistiques, les impacts en lien avec l'occupation du sol.Les résultats obtenus ont permis de mieux appréhender un terrain encore peu prospecté, l'évolution de l'occupation du sol, et d'identifier les sources de pollution des ressources en eau dans la région. Ce travail pourra contribuer à l'élaboration de plans et de schémas directeurs visant à une gestion durable des ressources en eau, ainsi qu'à la planification du développement urbain et de l'agriculture sur le territoireAkkar is a rural and economically deprived region located in northern Lebanon. It stands out as the second agricultural zone in Lebanon, where agriculture represents the primary sector of activity. Our study area, Al-Kayteh, covers 26% of the Akkar region's area and houses 60% of its population. It stretches from the Mediterranean coastline to the summit of Aarouba, reaching an elevation of 2230 meters, which is the highest point in Akkar.Al-Kayteh is currently facing significant yet disorganized urban development. However, this territory lacks urban planning documents or master plans governing its development and urbanization. Furthermore, most of its municipalities have outdated sewage systems or rely on septic tanks to treat wastewater. Moreover, the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in agricultural areas is not regulated. These factors pose a threat and exert pressure on the territory's water resources. Thus, Al-Kayteh, like Akkar, faces major challenges in terms of urban planning and water resource preservation.Previous studies on the quality of water resources in Akkar and Al-Kayteh have revealed that the majority of the region's water resources are contaminated, both microbiologically due to wastewater and chemically due to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This is why we have approached the issue of water pollution in Akkar from a geographical and land-use planning perspective. This approach led us to examine land use patterns since 1962 on the ground, their evolution, and their impact on water resources.To contextualize the issue, we have examined the characteristics and problems of the water sector in Al-Kayteh, as well as the evolution and distribution of urbanization and types of agricultural activities in this area. Subsequently, 44 water samples (in wells and springs) were taken from different sectors of the area to characterize their quality and analyze the impacts of land use. Statistical methods were employed to identify relationships between different variables.The results obtained have enabled us to gain a better understanding of a still relatively unexplored area, the evolution of land use, and identifying sources of water resource pollution in the region. This will pave the way for the development of plans and master plans aimed at sustainable water resource management, as well as the planning of urban development and agriculture in the area
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Peruzzi, Manuel. "Distributing Aggregate Computations on top of Akka Actors." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17016/.
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In the context of the Internet of Things, development of large-scale, adaptive systems usually focuses on the behavior of the single device. Aggregate programming is a paradigm that provides an alternative approach, in which the basic unit of computing is a cooperating collection of devices, instead of a single device. scafi is a Scala framework for aggregate programming, and provides an Akka-based platform for aggregate applications, supporting both peer-to-peer and server-based networks. Moreover, scafi offers a simulator module for the simulation of an aggregate system. The work described in this thesis consists in the analysis of scafi, in the partial re-engineering of its internal actor platform, and in the development of new features. The main goal is to enhance the flexibility of scafi in a distributed context, promoting its adoption for programming spatial systems. First of all, communication between distributed nodes is enabled, by defining a JSON-based serialization strategy, which promotes interoperability. A hybrid platform is also introduced, exploiting a peer-to-peer communication between devices, with a central unit that manages all the relevant space related information. This platform fills the main gap of the peer to-peer approach in a distributed environment: tracking of remote devices. Moreover, a code mobility approach is implemented, allowing the assignment of new programs to devices, at runtime. Lastly, the concept of monitoring a distributed aggregate system emerged, leading to the development of a graphical user interface, observing the devices in a running system. In this thesis, I present the new architecture and API of the actor platform of scafi, designed with the aim of ensure a more flexible approach for the development of distributed applications with aggregate computing.
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Eriksson, Joakim. "Representation of asynchronous communication protocols in Scala and Akka." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96660.
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This thesis work investigates how to represent protocols for asynchronous communication in the Scala programming language and the Akka actor framework, to be run on Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Further restrictions from the problem domain - the coexistence of multiple protocol instances sharing the same Java thread - imply that neither an asynchronous call waiting for response nor anything else can block the underlying Java threads. A common way to represent asynchronous communication protocols is to use state machines. This thesis seeks a way to shrink the size of and to reduce the complexity of the protocol implementations by representing sequences of asynchronous communication calls (i.e. sequences of sent and received messages) as a type of procedure. The idea is find a way to make the procedures that contain asynchronous calls look like synchronous communication procedures by hiding the asynchronous details. In other words, the resulting procedure code should show what to do and not so much focus on how to overcome the impediment of the asynchronous calls. With the help of an asynchronous communication protocol toy example, this report shows how such an protocol can be implemented with a combination of a state machine and a procedure representation in Scala and Akka. The procedure representation hides away the asynchronous details by using the Scala capability to use CPS-transformed delimited continuations. As a sub-problem, this thesis also shows how to safely schedule asynchronous communication timeouts with help of Scala and Akka within the restrictions of the thesis problem domain.
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Sommar, Fredrik. "Object Capabilities and Uniqueness for Isolating Actors in Akka." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-241083.
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Large-scale concurrent systems need to ensure that the number of bugs is as low as possible, especially since the symptoms may appear far from the cause. Data races, for instance, is caused by the lack of isolation between systems. Akka is the de facto actor library, which is a common way to write large-scale concurrent systems, and is written for the statically typed language Scala. LaCasa is a compiler plugin for Scala that introduces object capabilities and uniqueness to Scala’s type system, providing isolation and thus preventing data races. This thesis investigates compile-time isolation for actors by designing and implementing an adapter for LaCasa in Akka. The adapter was developed as a set of alternative versions of Akka interfaces created in a similar package hierarchy, each wrapping their Akka equivalent. That way, the concepts from Akka carry over, while a new, safer, API is exposed. Users can either ensure all their messages are Safe, which is a marker that signifies deeply immutable classes, since deeply immutable objects have isolation properties by default, or resort to using boxes – LaCasa’s core concept, providing object capabilities and uniqueness to isolate references. The adapter supports receiving both Safe messages and boxes from the same actor, where Safe messages are treated similarly to how regular Akka handles messages. To evaluate the adapter, a selection of programs was picked from the Savina actor benchmark suite, capturing different kinds of actor applications. The results show that it is feasible to use the adapter for existing applications – when all messages are Safe, which was true for 6 out of 7 applications. It exceeds expectations set in the hypothesis; requiring on average 10% of code to be modified for Safe messages, and with an insignificant change in total lines of code. Furthermore, the performance impact was also shown to be insignificant with the introduction of LaCasa. During the migration, several patterns were observed and documented in Chapter 6. Future work should be put into supporting more Akka patterns, automate the marking of Safe types and increase the conveniencewhen using boxes.Storskaliga parallella system måste se till att antalet buggar minimeras, speciellt eftersom symptom kan dyka upp långt ifrån orsakerna. I system som saknar isolering kan det lätt hända att processer tävlar om samma resurs. Akka är programmeringsvärldens de facto aktörsystem (ett vanligt sätt att skriva parallella program på) och är skrivet för det statiskt typade språket Scala. LaCasa är en insticksmodul för Scalas kompilator som introducerar objektförmågor och unikhet, och kan genom det bistå med isolering av objekt, och på så sätt förhindra det ovannämnda resurstävlandet redan innan ett program kör. Det här examensarbetet undersöker isolering för aktörer under kompilering genom att utforma och implementera en adapter för LaCasa i Akka. Adaptern utvecklades som en uppsättning alternativa versioner av Akkas gränssnitt, där varje version sparar en dold instans av Akkas motsvarighet till gränssnittet. Gränssnitten är skapade i en liknande pakethierarki, och på så sätt överförs koncepten från Akka, medan ett nytt, säkrare programmeringsgränssnitt exponeras. Användaren kan antingen försäkra sig om att alla dess meddelanden är Safe (klasser med oföränderliga data), eller utnyttja lådor – LaCasas kärnkoncept som tillhandahåller objektförmågor och unikhet. Objekt med oföränderlig data har inbyggda isoleringsegenskaper, medan lådor bistår med ett mer strikt system för isolering. I en aktör går det att ta emot både Safe meddelanden och lådor. Meddelanden som är Safe behandlas på samma sätt som ordinarie Akka hanterar meddelanden. För att utvärdera adaptern valdes ett urval av program från Savina jämförelseindex, som inkluderar olika varianter av aktörprogram. Resultaten visar att svaret på problemformuleringen är ja: det är möjligt att använda adaptern för befintliga applikationer – när alla meddelanden är Safe, vilket är fallet för sex av sju program. Det överträffade förväntningarna i hypotesen; i genomsnitt krävs det att 10% av koden ändras i de fall alla meddelanden är Safe, samt en obetydlig förändring av antalet rader kod. Utöver det visades även att prestandan förändrades obetydligt med introduktionen av LaCasa. Under migreringen observerades flera programmeringsmönster, som dokumenterats i kapitel 6. Framtida arbete bör fokusera på att stödja fler av Akkas programmeringsmönster, automatiskt markera meddelanden som är e, samt att öka användarvänligheten när det kommer tillanvändning av lådor när meddelanden inte är Safe.
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Abi, Chebel Roula. "Participation féminine et inégalités de genre dans l'agriculture libanaise, cas de Akkar /." Montpellier : Institut agronomique méditerranéen, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39941621v.
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Chbib, Chaza. "Pollution des sols et des eaux souterraines par les pesticides dans la région d’Akkar au nord du Liban : évaluation des risques sanitaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10110.
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Akkar est la deuxième zone agricole au Liban. Les pesticides sont utilisés de façon excessive dans les activités agricoles et en conséquence, les eaux souterraines ont été fortement contaminées. En raison d'absence d'un réseau public de distribution d'eau, les eaux souterraines sont utilisées comme principale source d’alimentation en eau potable sans aucun traitement. Cette étude se concentre sur l'évaluation de la contamination des eaux souterraines et des sols par OCPs, OPPs, ONPs et par des métaux lourds afin de mieux caractériser le niveau de contamination. L’autre partie se focalise sur l'évaluation des risques de la pollution sur la population.Des niveaux élevés de pesticides ont été détectés dans les eaux de nombreux villages. De même, des concentrations élevées d’OCPs ont été détectées dans le sol agricole. En outre, une variation significative a été observée en fonction de la profondeur du sol. Les résultats ont montré que certains pesticides, déjà interdits sont actuellement utilisés dans cette plaine. Pour compléter les travaux, les éléments traces métalliques (As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn et Cd) ont été initiés. Les résultats ont montré que les sols sont modérément pollués par le Cd. Parallèlement la prévalence des maladies nerveuses ; Anomalies congénitales et Cancer est supérieure à celle dans d'autres régions. Des corrélations significatives ont été établies entre la consommation de l'eau des puits polluée et l'apparition de ces maladies.Pour confirmer les résultats, d'autres recherches sur le niveau de pesticides dans le sang humain ou l'urine pourraient être réalisées. De plus, il est souhaitable de mieux gérer leur utilisation pour réduire les effets sur la santé humaineAkkar is the second agricultural zone in Lebanon. Pesticides are intensely applied in agricultural activities, and the groundwater has been reported to be highly contaminated by some pesticides. Due to the absence of a public network for water distribution, groundwater is used as the main source for drinking water of local inhabitants. The present study focus firstly on the evaluation of groundwater and soil contamination by OCPs, OPPs and ONPs and by heavy metals in order to characterize the degree of contamination. Secondly, it is focusing on the risk assessment of pollution on the population of Akkar. High levels of pesticides were detected in many villages in Akkar plain groundwater. Similarly, high concentrations of OCPs were detected in agricultural soil. A huge difference between the contamination levels in cultivated area and tillage land. Moreover, a significant variation has been established between soil depth. Results showed that some prohibited pesticides are still currently used in Akkar. To complete the background of pollution, trace metallic element As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Cd have been studied. The results showed that soils are moderately polluted by Cd. In parallel, a health study was conducted, the prevalence of nervous disorders; birth defects; cancer and other chronic diseases were exceeded those values reported in other regions. A significant correlation has been established between wells water consumption and the appearance of some diseases.More researches could be realized to identify pesticides levels in human blood or urine. Also it will be necessary to manage pesticides use in this region to reduce their effects on human health
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Akkar, Zineb [Verfasser], and Ernst [Akademischer Betreuer] Albrecht. "Zur Spektraltheorie von Toeplitzoperatoren auf dem Hardyraum H2(Bn) / Zineb Akkar. Betreuer: Ernst Albrecht." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1052551238/34.
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Khneyzer, Chadi. "Les facteurs d'attractivité territoriale au service du développement au Liban : le cas du Akkar." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAE005/document.
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Le Liban connaît de nos jours un phénomène de contre-exode original, alors que l’urbanisation croissante est plutôt la grande caractéristique de notre monde actuel. Ce phénomène a piqué notre curiosité et nous a conduit à rechercher les causes de cette dynamique dans certaines régions libanaises alors que d’autres restent à l’écart et souffrent de sous-développement. Tel est le cas de la région qui fait l’objet de notre recherche : le Akkar, situé au nord du Liban.Pour dynamiser la région et déclencher un processus de développement territorial, il ressort que l’agriculture doit être au centre des préoccupations du fait de sa prégnance sur le territoire du Akkar et des avantages comparatifs qu’elle procure.Plusieurs travaux théoriques et empiriques mettent en évidence les vertus du développement de l’agriculture en termes d’augmentation du PIB et de lutte contre la pauvreté et montrent que l’agriculture réagit plus vite que les autres secteurs aux nouvelles politiques et contribue plus fortement au PIB. La croissance agricole stimule l’ensemble de l’économie car elle crée des marchés pour les biens et services non-agricoles, produisant un effet de diversification de la base économique des régions rurales. Ainsi l’industrie agro-alimentaire et le tourisme se développeront dans la lignée d’une nouvelle vision de l’agriculture.Au final, les faiblesses actuelles de l’économie du Akkar peuvent devenir des opportunités, si le caractère multifonctionnel de l’économie rurale sert un développement durable à partir d’une dynamique englobant l’agriculture, l’agro-industrie et le tourisme. Les actions portant sur les conditions de la production (amélioration des infrastructures, renforcement scolaire et formation, soutien financier et organisation plus rationnelle de la production) impliquent le soutien de l’Etat. Les actions de dynamisation et de valorisation à travers une série de projets de développement local impliquent quant à elles une forte mobilisation des acteurs locaux et une décentralisation pour une plus grande marge de manœuvre, notamment dans la prise en charge de projets de coopération décentraliséeLebanon knows nowadays a phenomenon against original-urban migration, while growing urbanization is rather the great feature of our world today. This has piqued our curiosity led us to investigate the causes of this dynamic in some Lebanese areas while others remain outside and suffer from underdevelopment. Such is the case of the region that is the subject of our research: Akkar, north Lebanon.To boost the region and trigger a process of territorial development, it is clear that agriculture must be aware of the concerns of the center of its predominance in the territory of Akkar and comparative advantages it provides.Several theoretical and empirical work highlights the virtues of the development of agriculture in terms of GDP growth and the fight against poverty and show that agriculture reacts faster than other sectors to new policies and contributes greatly to the GDP. Agricultural growth stimulates the whole economy because it creates markets for non-agricultural goods and services, producing a diversification effect of the economic base of rural areas. Thus the food industry and tourism will develop in line with a new vision for agriculture.Finally, the current weaknesses of Akkar economy can become opportunities if the multifunctional nature of the rural economy is sustainable development from a dynamic encompassing agriculture, agribusiness and tourism. Shares on the conditions of production (improving infrastructure, strengthening education and training, financial support and rational organization of production) involve state support. The actions of revitalization and recovery through a series of local development projects involve for their strong mobilization of local actors and decentralized for greater flexibility, especially in the management of decentralized cooperation projects
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Grossi, Luigi. "Progettazione e implementazione di un'architettura per supportare l'interoperabilità tra Erlang e Akka." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22890/.
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In questa tesi viene proposta un'architettura per supportare l'interoperabilità tra due delle implementazioni più di successo del paradigma ad attori.
Questa architettura supporta la creazione di sistemi di attori eterogenei, in cui attori Akka e processi Erlang possono comunicare in modo trasparente.
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Carmo, Thadeu de Russo e. "Uso do padrão AMQP para transporte de mensagens entre atores remotos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-20082012-194131/.
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O modelo de atores tem sido visto como uma abordagem alternativa à programação concorrente convencional, baseada em travas e variáveis de condição. Atores são agentes computacionais que se comunicam por troca de mensagens e que possuem uma caixa de correio e um comportamento. As mensagens destinadas a um ator são armazenadas na caixa de correio do ator e processadas de maneira assíncrona. Sistemas de middleware orientados a mensagens trabalham com troca assíncrona de mensagens e formam uma base que simplifica o desenvolvimento de aplicações distribuídas. Tais sistemas permitem interoperabilidade com baixo acoplamento e provêm suporte para tratamento robusto de erros em caso de falhas. Message brokers são frequentemente apresentados como uma tecnologia que pode mudar a maneira com que sistemas distribuídos são construídos. A especificação AMQP é uma proposta recente de padronização de um protocolo para message brokers. Neste trabalho exploramos a potencial sinergia entre um message broker e uma implementação do modelo de atores. Criamos uma versão modificada da implementação do modelo de atores do projeto Akka que utiliza um message broker AMQP como mecanismo de transporte de mensagens para atores remotos.The actor model has been seen as an alternative for conventional concurrent programming based on locks and condition variables. Actors are computational agents that communicate by sending messages and have a mailbox and a behavior. The messages sent to an actor are stored in its mailbox and are asynchronously processed. Message oriented middleware systems work with asynchronous message exchange and create a base that simplifies the development of distributed applications. These systems have interoperability with low coupling and provide support for robust error handling in case of failures. Message brokers are often presented as a technology that can change the way distributed systems are built. The AMQP specification is a recent proposal of a standard protocol for message brokers. In this document we explore the potential synergy between a message broker and an implementation of the actor model. We created a modified version of the actor model implementation provided by the Akka project. Our modified implementation uses an AMQP message broker as the transport engine for messages to remote actors.
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Charaf-Mullins, Hanan. "La céramique de l'âge du bronze récent au Levant nord : (Tell Arqa et le Akkar méridional)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010628.
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Le site de Tell Arqa (Irqata des tablettes de Tell el-Amarna) est situé dans la plaine du Akkar au Liban Nord. Les fouilles conduites depuis 1972 ont mis au jour une stratification continue depuis le IIIe millénaire. Cette thèse a pour sujet l'étude de la céramique du Bronze Récent provenant du site d'Arqa (niveaux 12 et 11) et des prospections allemandes effectuées dans la partie libanaise de la plaine du Akkar, en vue d'établir une typologie de référence non seulement pour le Akkar mais aussi pour le Levant Nord. Plus de 1900 vases en céramiques ont été dessinés et étudiés dont 1482 sont fabriqués localement. Plus de 467 objets sont importés de Chypre, de la Grèce ou sont inspirés de productions italiennes. Ce large nombre témoignerait de la dynamique des échanges économiques durant le Bronze Moyen II et le Bronze Récent I dans la plaine du Akkar. Au-delà d'une simple étude typologique, cette thèse propose de jauger l'importance des sites libanais durant l'âge du Bronze Récent et surtout de revoir le système de chronologie absolue établi au Levant. En effet, l'âge du Bronze Récent commencerait à Arqa plus tard que la date conventionnelle de 1550 av. J. -C. Et se terminerait bien après le début du 12ème s. , donc après les invasions attribuées aux Peuples de la Mer.
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Venturi, Matteo. "Applicazione del modello di concorrenza ad Attori nello sviluppo di applicazioni Web: un caso di studio." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9595/.
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Panoramica del contesto storico focalizzato sullo sviluppo del Web e del contesto sociale. Panorama del modello a Threads con analisi delle tecniche di concorrenza applicabili. Panoramica del modello ad Attori focalizzandosi sull'implementazione di Akka e di alcuni patterns di comunicazione. Analisi dell'architettura event-driven e di Node.js. Esposizione di un caso di studio per la programmazione Web comparando modello a Thread e modello ad Attori.
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Sanchez, Jimmy Kraimer Martin Valverde. "Distributed data analysis over meteorological datasets using the actor model." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/169958.
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Devido ao contínuo crescimento dos dados científicos nos últimos anos, a análise intensiva de dados nessas quantidades massivas de dados é muito importante para extrair informações valiosas. Por outro lado, o formato de dados científicos GRIB (GRIdded Binary) é amplamente utilizado na comunidade meteorológica para armazenar histórico de dados e previsões meteorológicas. No entanto, as ferramentas atuais disponíveis e métodos para processar arquivos neste formato não realizam o processamento em um ambiente distribuído. Essa situação limita as capacidades de análise dos cientistas que precisam realizar uma avaliação sobre grandes conjuntos de dados com o objetivo de obter informação no menor tempo possível fazendo uso de todos os recursos disponíveis. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta uma alternativa ao processamento de dados no formato GRIB usando o padrão Manager-Worker implementado com o modelo de atores fornecido pelo Akka toolkit. Realizamos também uma comparação da nossa proposta com outros mecanismos, como o round-robin, random, balanceamento de carga adaptativo, bem como com um dos principais frameworks para o processamento de grandes quantidades de dados tal como o Apache Spark. A metodologia utilizada considera vários fatores para avaliar o processamento dos arquivos GRIB. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em um cluster na plataforma Microsoft Azure. Os resultados mostram que nossa proposta escala bem à medida que o número de nós aumenta. Assim, nossa proposta atingiu um melhor desempenho em relação aos outros mecanismos utilizados para a comparação, particularmente quando foram utilizadas oito máquinas virtuais para executar as tarefas. Nosso trabalho com o uso de metadados alcançou um ganho de 53.88%, 62.42%, 62.97%, 61.92%, 62.44% e 59.36% em relação aos mecanismos round-robin, random, balanceamento de carga adaptativo que usou métricas CPU, JVM Heap e um combinado de métricas, e o Apache Spark, respectivamente, em um cenário onde um critério de busca é aplicado para selecionar 2 dos 27 parâmetros totais encontrados no conjunto de dados utilizado nos experimentos.Because of the continuous and overwhelming growth of scientific data in the last few years, data-intensive analysis on this vast amount of scientific data is very important to extract valuable scientific information. The GRIB (GRIdded Binary) scientific data format is widely used within the meteorological community and is used to store historical meteorological data and weather forecast simulation results. However, current libraries to process the GRIB files do not perform the computation in a distributed environment. This situation limits the analytical capabilities of scientists who need to perform analysis on large data sets in order to obtain information in the shortest time possible using of all available resources. In this context, this work presents an alternative to data processing in the GRIB format using the well-know Manager-Worker pattern, which was implemented with the Actor model provided by the Akka toolkit. We also compare our proposal with other mechanisms, such as the round-robin, random and an adaptive load balancing, as well as with one of the main frameworks currently existing for big data processing, Apache Spark. The methodology used considers several factors to evaluate the processing of the GRIB files. The experiments were conducted on a cluster in Microsoft Azure platform. The results show that our proposal scales well as the number of worker nodes increases. Our work reached a better performance in relation to the other mechanisms used for the comparison particularly when eight worker virtual machines were used. Thus, our proposal upon using metadata achieved a gain of 53.88%, 62.42%, 62.97%, 61.92%, 62.44% and 59.36% in relation to the mechanisms: round-robin, random, an adaptive load balancing that used CPU, JVM Heap and mix metrics, and the Apache Spark respectively, in a scenario where a search criteria is applied to select 2 of 27 total parameters found in the dataset used in the experiments.
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Akkan, Cagri Kaan [Verfasser], and M. E. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hammadeh. "Micro/Nano Modification of PEEK Surface for Possible Medical Use / Cagri Kaan Akkan. Betreuer: M. E. Hammadeh." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072409941/34.
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Hosnidokht, Mohammad. "Extension of the behavior composition framework in presence of failures using recovery techniques and AKKA." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11915.
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Abstract: Fault tolerance is an essential property to be satis ed in the composition of services,
but reaching a high level of fault tolerance remains a challenge. In the area
of ubiquitous computing, the composition of services is inevitable when a request
cannot be carried out by a single service, but by a combination of several services.
This thesis studies fault tolerance in the context of a general behavior composition
framework. This approach raises, rst, the problem of the synthesis of controllers
(or compositions) in order to coordinate a set of available services to achieve a new
service, the target service and, second, the exploitation of all compositions to make
the new service fault tolerant. Although a solution has been proposed by the authors
of the behavior composition framework, it is incomplete and has not been evaluated
experimentally or in situ. This thesis brings two contributions to this problem. On
one hand, it considers the case in which the service selected by the controller is temporarily
or permanently unavailable by exploiting recovery techniques to identify a
consistent state of the system from which it may progress using other services or leave
it in a coherent state when none of the available services no longer allows progression.
On the other hand, it evaluates several recovery solutions, each useful in services
malfunction situations, using a case study implemented with the aid of Akka, a tool
that facilitates the development of reactive, concurrent and distributed systems.La tolérance aux fautes est une propriété indispensable à satisfaire dans la composition de services, mais atteindre un haut de niveau de tolérance aux fautes représente un défi majeur. Dans l'ère de l'informatique ubiquitaire, la composition de services est inévitable lorsqu'une requête ne peut être réalisée par un seul service, mais par la combinaison de plusieurs services. Ce mémoire étudie la tolérance aux fautes dans le contexte d'un cadre général de composition de comportements (behavior composition framework en anglais). Cette approche soulève, tout d'abord, le problème de la synthèse de contrôleurs (ou compositions) de façon à coordonner un ensemble de services disponibles afin de réaliser un nouveau service, le service cible et, ensuite, celui de l'exploitation de l'ensemble des compositions afin de rendre le nouveau service tolérant aux fautes. Bien qu'une solution ait été proposée par les auteurs de ce cadre de composition, elle est incomplète et elle n'a pas été évaluée expérimentalement ou in situ. Ce mémoire apporte deux contributions à ce problème. D'une part, il considère le cas dans lequel le service visé par le contrôleur est temporairement ou définitivement non disponible en exploitant des techniques de reprise afin d'identifier un état cohérent du système à partir duquel il peut progresser en utilisant d'autres services ou de le laisser dans un état cohérent lorsqu'aucun service, parmi ceux disponibles, ne permet plus de progression. D'autre part, il évalue plusieurs solutions de reprise, chacune utile dans des situations particulières de pannes, à l'aide d'une étude de cas implémentée en Akka, un outil qui permet aisément de mettre en oeuvre des systèmes réactifs, concurrents et répartis.
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Vernocchi, Lorenzo. "Tecnologie per la costruzione di piattaforme distribuite basate sul linguaggio di programmazione Scala." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9160/.
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Questo elaborato tratta alcuni dei più noti framework di programmazione avanzata per la costruzione di piattaforme distribuite che utilizzano il linguaggio di programmazione avanzata Scala come fulcro principale per realizzare i propri protocolli. Le tecnologie analizzate saranno Finagle, Akka, Kafka e Storm. Per ciascuna di esse sarà presente una sezione di introduzione, documentazione e un esempio di codice. L’obiettivo dell’elaborato è l’analisi approfondita delle tecnologie sopraelencate per comprendere a fondo le tecniche di programmazione che le rendono uniche nel loro genere. Questo percorso fornisce una chiave di lettura obiettiva e chiara di ciascuna tecnologia, sarà cura del lettore proseguire nello studio individuale della specifica tecnica che ritiene essere più efficace o interessante.
Alla fine della tesi è presente un aperto dibattito in cui le quattro tecnologie vengono messe a confronto e giudicate in base alle loro caratteristiche.
Inoltre vengono ipotizzate realtà in cui si possa trovare collaborazione tra i vari framework ed, infine, è presente una mia personale opinione basata sulla mia esperienza in merito.
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Vitali, Linda. "Design e prototipazione di un middleware per applicazioni aggregate location-based." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20349/.
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Negli ultimi anni stiamo assistendo ad un notevole incremento di dispositivi intelligenti capaci di interagire tra loro, dando vita a ciò che viene chiamato "ubiquitous computing", ovvero computazione onnipresente. Le tecnologie attuali, infatti, permettono ad oggetti del quotidiano di diventare supporti computazionali, in grado di comunicare sulla rete internet e potenzialmente scambiarsi informazioni.
Il paradigma dell'Aggregate Computing si inserisce in tale contesto con lo scopo di introdurre un nuovo modello di programmazione che faciliti lo sviluppo di sistemi pervasivi, spostando l'attenzione dal comportamento del singolo device, a quello di un gruppo di dispositivi che collaborano per un obiettivo comune.
Le caratteristiche di questi ultimi, come protocolli di comunicazione, sistemi operativi e architetture, sono però molto diversificate e si rende quindi necessario un livello software, chiamato middleware, che aumenti il livello di astrazione nella realizzazione di applicazioni aggregate.
Il lavoro presentato in questa tesi tratta l'analisi generale di un middleware a supporto di applicazioni di questo tipo e mostra il processo di progettazione, nonché di realizzazione, di una sua versione "peer to peer", in cui ogni device è localizzato tramite coordinate Gps.
Il software è stato realizzato applicando il modello ad attori, sfruttandone il supporto predisposto per applicazioni concorrenti e distribuite.
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Neri, Alessandro. "Modelli e tecnologie ad attori: analisi delle performance." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6854/.
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Studio dei limiti della programmazione ad oggetti concorrente e introduzione dei modelli di concorrenza alternativi forniti in letteratura, prendendo gli attori come caso studio.
Analisi delle performance della libreria ad attori Akka e confronto con i meccanismi forniti da Java 7.
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Aducci, Christopher John. "Itti'at akka' wáyya'ahookya ikkobaffo (Trees bend, but don’t break): Chickasaw family stories of historical trauma and resilience across the generations." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15546.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Family Studies and Human Services
Joyce A. Baptist
The Chickasaw represent one non-reservation bound American Indian tribe whose experiences of family life, historical trauma and resilience has not been fully understood. Therefore, this study sought to identify the qualities common to Chickasaw families, Chickasaw families' experiences of historical trauma and the factors that contribute to Chickasaw families' ability to persevere under adversarial circumstances. Using in-depth phenomenological interviews with nine (N = 9) three-generation minimum Chickasaw families, four central themes emerged that answered the four research questions. The first theme, "Chokka-chaffa' Nanna Mó̲́đma Ímmayya/The Family Is Everything" indicated that Chickasaw families were a heterogeneously complex system with a natural orientation toward the family unit itself, whereby the families valued emotional closeness, warmth and affection, quality time together, praise, respect and openness. Families were involved with one another and were active participants in strengthening their own families and communities. Families were prideful of family members' accomplishments and valued extended kin and spirituality. Further, families were confronted with challenges, but showed an ability to "bend, but not break," often citing the very same qualities, such as involvement, pride and an orientation toward family, as contributing to their ability to solve problems and keep the family unit intact. The second theme, "Impalahá̲mmi Bíyyi'ka/They Have It Really Bad," indicated the families experienced historical trauma by mourning the loss of land, language, culture and identity and that losses went unacknowledged by their non-Native counterparts and were ongoing, thus expecting to affect younger and future generations. The third theme, "Chikashsha Poyacha Ilaa-áyya'shakatí̲'ma/We Are Chickasaw, and We Are Still Here" indicated that despite hardships, families saw resilience as a trait found within their Chickasaw heritage. Maintaining a positive outlook, a spirit of determination, a fierce loyalty toward family members and a close connection to the Chickasaw Nation further contributed to families' resilience. The fourth theme, "Hooittapila/They Help One Another" indicated that resilient qualities were passed in a multidirectional pattern throughout all generations of family members, whereby family members from all generations supported and uplifted one another. Also discussed are the study's strengths and limitations and the clinical and research implications for Chickasaw families.
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Akad, Seniye Derya [Verfasser], Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Schlüter, and Nils [Akademischer Betreuer] Brose. "The Role of PSD-95 and Kinase Interactions in Synaptic Transmission / Seniye Derya Akad. Gutachter: Oliver Schlüter ; Nils Brose. Betreuer: Oliver Schlüter." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044737387/34.
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Akkan, Jan Genco [Verfasser], Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Friess, Helmut [Gutachter] Friess, and Dieter [Gutachter] Saur. "Evaluation of FAM3C as a potential serum biomarker in ALDH1A3-positive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma / Jan Genco Akkan ; Gutachter: Helmut Friess, Dieter Saur ; Betreuer: Helmut Friess." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234656043/34.
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Ciavatta, Emiliano. "Sviluppo di applicazioni distribuite con lo stack SMACK." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16836/.
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SMACK è uno stack composto da un insieme di software open source che possono essere utilizzati per sviluppare applicazioni distribuite. I componenti dello stack sono: Spark, un framework per effettuare calcolo distribuito, Mesos, serve per gestire e coordinare le risorse del cluster, Akka, una libreria che implementa l'architettura basata sul modello ad attori, Cassandra, un gestore di database non relazionale e distribuito e Kafka, una piattaforma di stream processing. Ciascuno di questi componenti è indipendente: ognuno ha le proprie API, una propria configurazione e non interagiscono fra loro.
Lo scopo del progetto è quello di costruire una solida base di partenza su cui sarà possibile progettare e implementare applicazioni che lavorino utilizzando lo stack SMACK. Si vuole realizzare quindi un framework che non contenga logica applicativa, ma che permetta di costruire applicazioni distribuite utilizzando un'architettura già pronta, senza che sia necessario preoccuparsi di come i componenti dello stack interagiscano fra loro e senza dover ricorrere a tecniche di progettazione per lo sviluppo di sistemi distribuiti. Il framework dovrà semplificare al massimo la progettazione del sistema distribuito.
Tramite il framework dovrà essere possibile realizzare applicazioni web-based. L'applicazione potrà interagire con gli utenti attraverso l'architettura REST, un'architettura ideale per i sistemi distribuiti. Il framework dovrà permettere di sviluppare applicazioni elaborate mantenendo bassa la complessità del sistema. Dovranno essere garantite tutte le proprietà di un sistema distribuito, quali la scalabilità, la modularità, la tolleranza agli errori, l'alta affidabilità e la consistenza dei dati, l'efficienza nell'uso delle risorse e le migliori performance. L'applicazione inoltre dovrà essere necessariamente sicura.
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Босяк, Валерій Олегович, and Valerii Bosiak. "Проектування та розробка розподіленої системи на основі моделі клітинного автомату." Master's thesis, ТНТУ ім. І Пулюя, 2021. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/36816.
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Отриманими результатами є проект який можна використовувати як зразок при проектуванні складних розподілених систем або кластерів та клітинних автоматів. Також отримані результати мають практичну та наукову цінність для демонстрації роботи клітинних автоматів.Кваліфікаційна робота на тему «Проектування та розробка розподіленої системи на основі моделі клітинного автомату» написана Босяком Валерієм, студентом Тернопільського Національного Технічного Університету імені Івана Пулюя, факультет комп’ютерно-інформаційних систем та програмної інженерії, група СПм-61. Відомості про обсяг: сторінок – __, рисунків – 14, таблиць – 0, частин – 4, додатків – 3, посилань – 13. Метою кваліфікаційної роботи є проектування та розробка розподіленої системи на основі клітинного автомата Д. Конвея «Гра життя» з використанням мови програмування Scala та екосистеми Akka для побудови складних реактивних та розподілених систем
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Baldani, Mattia. "Sviluppo di sistemi mobile ad alta densita basati su comunicazioni opportunistiche wireless." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10521/.
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In questa tesi ci si pone l'obiettivo di sviluppare sistemi distribuiti composti da device mobile che si scambiano informazioni tramite comunicazioni opportunistiche wireless peer-to-peer.
Vengono inizialmente analizzate le principali tecnologie di comunicazione wireless adatte allo scopo, soffermandosi sulle reti Wifi ad hoc, delle quali vengono studiate le performance in sistemi di larga scala tramite il simulatore di reti ns-3.
Successivamente viene esposto lo sviluppo di componenti software, basati su Akka Stream, per la costruzione di campi computazionali tramite comunicazioni opportunistiche tra device Android, effettuate tramite reti Wifi ad hoc.
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Mortaji, Abdelaziz. "La boutonnière précambrienne de Tagragra d'Akka (anti-atlas occidental, Maroc) : Pétrologie et géochimie des granitoïdes, filons basiques et métamorphites associées." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10349.
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Étude de la mise en place et de la géochimie des roches constituant les trois grands ensembles lithostructuraux de la moitié orientale de la boutonnière précambrienne de Tagragra d'Akka (anti-atlas) : les granites, les roches métamorphiques et les filons basiques
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Akkad, Denis A. [Verfasser]. "Susceptibility genes for multiple sclerosis / by Denis A. Akkad." 2009. http://d-nb.info/994860862/34.
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Akkad, Rami [Verfasser]. "Determination of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in food samples by high-performance thin-layer chromatography multi-enzyme inhibition assay / vorgelegt von Rami Akkad." 2011. http://d-nb.info/1011981904/34.
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