Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'AK'
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Klippinge, Andreas. "AK-747 : An office wall for AB Hyllteknik." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2153.
Full textUnder 2 månaders tid har jag befunnit mig på ett kontor i Alvesta, närmare
bestämt hos sken- och konsolsystemstillverkaren Hyllteknik. Där har jag som den
första designern någonsin på företaget jobbat nära dess ledning i arbetet med att ta
fram en ny skärmvägg.
I designarbetet har jag fokuserat på, och lyckats med, att effektivisera produktens
tillverkningsprocess och produktionskostnader. Designen har också en genomgripande
miljömedvetenhet. Bland annat har min efterforskning av miljövänliga
material resulterat i att skärmväggens stålram håller en ljudabsorbent som består av
100% polyesterfiber och har samma kretslopp som återvinningsbara PET-flaskor.
Detta material har absorptionsklass A, med andra ord fungerar skärmen som en
utmärkt ljuddämpare. Målet är att nå ut till kontor med en miljömedveten strävan,
mån om de anställdas arbetsmiljö vad det gäller kontorets ljudlandskap och skapandet
av rumsliga ytor för trivsel och arbete.
För att ihopkopplade skärmväggar ska sluta tätt och kunna bära hyllplan har jag ritat
en helt ny stålprofil som utgör skärmens gavlar. Profilen är lika vacker som den
är komplex och kommer att tas fram av Europas mest kvalificerade profiltillverkare,
Welser Profile i Österrike. I den nya profilen har jag integrerat två av Hylltekniks
C-profiler vilket medför att man på båda sidor av skärmväggen får tillgång till utbudet
av företagets steglösa hyllsystem.
Kunderna kan välja mellan att få skärmen på ben eller fot. Benen går att få på hjul
så att skärmväggen blir flyttbar och kan fungera som t.ex. presentationsyta eller
skapa tillfälliga rumsligheter. Fötterna är plana utmed golvet för att eliminera
benens eventuella snubbelrisk i mindre kontor. Både ben och fot monterar man
enkelt i profilen på var sin sida om skärmväggen. Tack vare den steglösa profilen
kan skärmen komma upp så långt som 200 mm från golvet. På så sätt kan skärmväggens
höjdläge variera mellan marknadens populäraste höjder, 1400-1600 mm.
Dessutom går absorptionsmaterialet att få i olika färger med ramen i olika lacker
och ytbehandlingar.
Jag tror att skärmväggens enhetliga designuttryck kommer att locka inredare och
arkitekter att utmana skärmväggens flexibilitet och alla möjligheter, samt förena
den med nya.
Dogan, T. "Communication strategies of the AK Party in Turkey." Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/20243/.
Full textWu, Yanli. "The detection of foodborne pathogens using bacteriophage-based AK assay." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0020/MQ55728.pdf.
Full textZackariasson, Laila. "Direktkrav : om rätt att rikta anspr°ak mot gäldenärens gäldenär /." Uppsala : Iustus Förl, 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/317978845.pdf.
Full textJones, Justin. "Parts-based detection of AK-47s for forensic video analysis." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5200.
Full textLaw enforcement, military personnel, and forensic analysts are increasingly reliant on imaging ystems to perform in a hostile environment and require a robust method to efficiently locate bjects of interest in videos and still images. Current approaches require a full-time operator to monitor a surveillance video or to sift a hard drive for suspicious content. In this thesis, we demonstrate the effectiveness of automated analysis tools to detect AK-47s in images. By training on a large corpus of labeled data, we created Viola-Jones classifiers for detection of whole AK-47s and parts of an AK-47. Parts-based detections were then compared against learned models using support vector machines and multi-layer perceptrons. The results of this research show that parts-based classifiers combined with the above techniques leverage the high recall capability of part detectors and significantly reduce false positives in comparison to both the part and whole object classifiers. Techniques utilized in this thesis facilitate the creation of an automated capability for detecting AK-47s in support of the law enforcement and intelligence communities.
Isik, Hatice. "Finns det skillnad på AK/A-värdet mellan glasögon- och kontaktlinsanvändning?" Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-858.
Full textDen kristallina linsens förmåga att ställa om fokus på olika avstånd kallas för ackommodation. Då ett närliggande objekt studeras förekommer det ett samarbete mellan ackommodation, konvergens och pupillreflex. Samtidigt som pupillerna ändrar storlek och ögonen ackommoderar, vrider ögonen sig mot varandra (de konvergerar). En förändring i ackommodation (D) leder till en förändring i konvergensen som mäts i prismadioptrier (∆). Sambandet mellan dessa benämningar kallas AK/A-värde och enheten för detta är prismadioptrier/dioptri (∆/D). Detta mätvärde är användbart vid analys av binokulära synavvikelser samt underlättar valet av styrkan på ordinationen då konvergensproblem förekommer. Kontaktlins- och glasögonanvändning ger upphov till olika ackommodation- och konvergensbehov hos myopa och hyperopa personer.
AK/A-värdet räknas ut på olika sätt, i denna studie beräknas gradient AK/A-värdet. Det utfördes forimätningar enligt von Graefe-metoden på linsvana försökspersoner med kontaktlins- och glasögonstyrkor.
Syftet med denna kliniska studie var att jämföra gradient AK/A-värde mellan glasögon- och kontaktlinsanvändning, för att se om skillnader påträffas.
Resultatet av undersökningen med 20 deltagare visade att 50 % hade en högre gradient AK/A-värde med refraktionsstyrkor för glasögon jämfört med kontaktlinser. Lika många hade ett lägre eller ett oförändrat AK/A-värde med refraktionsstyrkor för glasögon.
2008:O22
Davis, Sarah Helena. "A forlorn hope AK Zawisza and the post-war Polish resistance /." Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1434188.
Full textTitle from PDF title page (viewed May 23, 2007). Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-05, page: 2140. Adviser: Daniel Orlovsky. Includes bibliographical references.
Immelman, Quintin. "Flame treatment of polypropylene plastics within AK Stone Guards / Q. Immelman." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3724.
Full textThesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
Maier, Gunther, and Jouke van Dijk. "Co-authorship in Regional Science. A Network Approach." Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2006. http://epub.wu.ac.at/514/1/document.pdf.
Full textLi, Yuan. "Hierarchical Bayesian Model for AK Composite Estimators in the Current Population Survey (CPS)." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10748002.
Full textThe Current Population Survey (CPS) is a multistage probability sample survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The 4-8-4 rotation design is applied to produce overlap in the sample across months. Several weighting steps are used to adjust the ultimate sample in each month to be representative of the population. In order to produce efficient estimates of labor force levels and month-to-month change, the so-called AK composite estimator combines current estimates from eight rotation panels and the previous month’s estimates to estimate current values. Values of coefficients A and K are chosen every decade or so for the nation. The Successive Difference Replicate (SDR) method and Balanced Repeated Replication (BRR) method are currently used by the CPS for estimating the variance of the AK Composite Estimates.
Instead of using constant CPS (A, K) values for AK Composite Estimator over time, one could find the monthly optimal coefficients ( A, K) that minimize the variance for measuring the monthly level of unemployment in the target population. The CPS (A, K) values are stable over time but can produce larger variance in some months, while the monthly optimal (A, K) values have lower variance within a month but high variability across months.
In order to make a compromise between the CPS (A, K) values and monthly optimal (A, K), a Hierarchical Bayesian method is proposed through modeling the obtained monthly optimal ( A, K)’s using a bivariate normal distribution. The parameters, including the mean vector and the variance-covariance matrix, are unknown in this distribution. In such case, a first step towards a more general model is to assume a conjugate prior distribution for the bivariate normal model. Computing the conditional posterior distribution can be approximated through simulation. In particular, it can be achieved by the Gibbs sampling algorithm with its sequential sampling. As the key to the success of this Hierarchical Bayesian method is that approximated distributions are improved as iteration goes on in the simulation, one needs to check the convergence of the simulated sequences. Then, the sample mean after a number of iterations in the simulation will serve as the Hierarchical Bayesian (HB) (A, K). The HB (A, K) estimates in effect produce a shrinkage between the CPS (A, K) values and the monthly optimal (A, K) values. The shrinkage of the estimates of the coefficients ( A, K) occurs by manipulating the certain hyperparameter in the model.
In this dissertation, detailed comparisons are made among the three estimators. The AK Estimator using the CPS (A, K) values, using the monthly optimal (A, K) values, and using the Hierarchical Bayesian (A,K) values are compared in terms of estimates produced, estimated variance, and estimated coefficients of variation. In each month of the data set, separate estimates using the three methods are produced.
In order to assess the performance of the proposed methods, a simulation study is implemented and summarized. In the CPS, eight rotating survey panels contribute to the overall estimate in each month. Each panel is measured in a month at one of its month-in- sample. The month-in- sample range from one to eight. In the simulation, month-in- sample values are generated as if replicate panels were available for estimation. These month-in-sample values are used as the original monthly panel estimates of unemployment to produce CPS-style (A, K) estimates, AK-estimates using monthly optimal ( A, K) values, and AK-estimates using Hierarchical Bayesian ( A, K) values. Performance of each method is evaluated on the simulated data by examining several criteria including bias, variance, and mean squared error.
Polac, Marissa [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Püschel. "Gewaltbedingte Verletzungen in der chirurgischen Notaufnahme des AK Barmbek / Marissa Polac. Betreuer: Klaus Püschel." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1061128040/34.
Full textArgueso, Cristiana Morgado dos Guimarães Teixeira. "Identificação e purificação parcial de isoenzimas da aspartato quinase (AK) e homoserina desidrogenase (HSDH) de sementes de arroz (Oriza sativa) : evidencias para a existencia de um polipeptideo bifuncional com atividades de AK e HSDH." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317254.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Mestrado
Genetica de Plantas
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
Dorroll, Courtney Michelle. "The Spatial Politics of Turkey's Justice and Development Party (AK Party): On Erdoganian Neo-Ottomanism." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556854.
Full textKulbe, Nadine. "AK-Bibliothek Wien für Sozialwissenschaften: Protokoll zur Restitution von NS-verfolgungsbedingt entzogenem Kulturgut (NS-Raubgut)." Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden, 2020. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74277.
Full textPenna, Christiano Modesto. "Crescimento econÃmico via investimentos em capital: evidencias empÃricas para o Brasil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1394.
Full textIn this work it is evident that a not linear relation exists enters the tax of rude formation of capital fixture and the tax of economic growth in Brazilian economy e, which had to this non linearity, the test of predictions of model AK and neoclÃssico considered for Jones (1995) starts to be inconclusivo, therefore exists space for the predictions of both the models. Our econometrical model indicates that, theoretically, the productivity delinquent of the capital if modifies a tax of growth in accordance with indicated for the parameter threshold. This modification can pparently be explained due to modification of the coefficient of elasticity of substitution between capital and work, being here a proposal of new inquiries. When dealing with public politics, one evidences that, no matter how hard if extends the tax of rude formation of capital fixture will arrive, in the maximum, to âcatch-upâ of the growth of the GIP of the economies of average income decrease and of the economic growth of the countries of the Asian east and the Pacific. The work also suggests that the sum of resources necessary to conclude such âcatch-upsâ is of the order of R$ 786 billion.
Yanarisik, Oguzhan. "Turkey-EU relations and the representation of AK Party in the western political and media discourse." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77659/.
Full textFattori, Ana Carolina Maragno. "Efeitos da imunização com Adenosina Quinase (AK) e Hipoxantina-Guanina Fosforibosiltransferase (HGPRT) recombinantes de Schistosoma mansoni : controle da infecção murina." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7924.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
The mansoni schistosomiasis is the most important of human helminthiasis. Despite advances in its control this disease continues to spread to new geographical areas. It currently affects more than 250 million people. However, limited options are available for and Praziquantel is the drug of choice. Various authors have been searching new drugs and vaccines to control schistosomiasis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a prior immunization with recombinant enzymes of Schistosoma mansoni: Adenosine Kinase (AK) and Hypoxanthine-guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), which are important for parasite purine metabolism, as well as a MIX of these enzymes, and subsequent challenge with cercariae of the parasite in the control of murine infection. Female Balb/c mice were divided into 5 groups. The groups were enzyme-immunized in three doses and 15 days after the last immunization, animals were infected with S. mansoni. After infection in the 47º day egg count were carried in mice faeces and in the 48º day mice were sacrificed for evaluation of leukocyte numbers (blood and peritoneal cavity), worm burden, antibodies production, cytokines quantification and histopathological analysis of the liver of these animals. Our results strongly suggest that, immunization with a MIX originated in these animals reduction in the number of eggs in faeces by 46% when compared with the animals of the infected group. Animals of the groups immunized with AK, HGPRT and/or MIX seem to induce a reduction in the number of eosinophils in the peritoneal cavity when compared to the animals of the infected group. Concerning worm burden, the animals of the MIX group presented greater reduction (31.27%) when compared to the animals of the infected group. The animals of the immunized groups, AK, HGPRT and/or MIX were capable of producing IgG1 antibodies and IgE anti the enzymes and anti the parasite proteins. The animals of the immunized group MIX showed a slight increase in IL-4 production and observed reduction of IL-10, and in the HGPRT group induced a slight increase on IFN-γ production when in compared with the infected group. In addition, the animals of the AK group showed a decrease in the number of hepatic granulomas in tissue (44,55%) and the eggs present in liver (42,31%). Therefore, it suggests that immunization with these enzymes can contributes to schistosomiasis control, as well as it might helps to modulate experimental infection inducing reduction of physiopathology of this parasitosis.
A esquistossomose mansônica é a mais importante das helmintíases humanas. Apesar dos avanços no seu controle continua se espalhando para novas áreas geográficas. Atualmente afeta mais de 250 milhões de pessoas. Entretanto, opções limitadas estão disponíveis para o tratamento da doença e o único fármaco de escolha é o Praziquantel. Assim, vários estudos têm sido propostos para encontrar novos fármacos e vacinas para combater a esquistossomose. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como proposta avaliar os efeitos da imunização prévia com as enzimas recombinantes de Schistosoma mansoni Adenosina Quinase (AK) e Hipoxantina-Guanina Fosforibosiltransferase (HGPRT), que participam do metabolismo de purinas do parasito, bem como com o MIX das duas enzimas, e posterior desafio com cercárias do parasito, para o controle da infecção murina. Camundongos fêmea Balb/c foram divididos em 5 grupos. Os grupos imunizados receberam três doses das enzimas e após 15 dias da última imunização, os animais foram infectados com S. mansoni. Após a infecção, no 47° dia foi realizada a contagem de ovos nas fezes e no 48° dia foi realizada a eutanásia dos animais para avaliação de resposta leucocitária (sangue e lavado da cavidade peritoneal), carga parasitária, produção de anticorpos, quantificação de citocinas e análise histopatológica do fígado desses animais. Os resultados demonstraram que, a imunização com o MIX promoveu nesses animais redução do número de ovos nas fezes de 46% quando comparado com os animais do grupo somente infectado. Os animais dos grupos imunizados com AK, HGPRT e/ou MIX apresentaram diminuição na quantidade de eosinófilos na cavidade peritoneal quando comparados com os animais do grupo somente infectado. Em relação à carga parasitária, os animais do grupo imunizado com o MIX apresentaram maior redução (31,27%) quando comparados aos animais do grupo somente infectado. Os animais dos grupos imunizados com AK, HGPRT e/ou MIX foram capazes de produzir anticorpos IgG1 e IgE anti as enzimas e anti as proteínas do parasito. Os animais do grupo imunizado com o MIX apresentaram aumento discreto de IL-4 e foi observada redução de IL-10, e no grupo imunizado com HGPRT houve aumento discreto de IFN-γ, quando comparados com os animais do grupo somente infectado. Além disso, os animais do grupo imunizado com AK apresentaram redução do número de granulomas hepáticos (44,55%) e de ovos no fígado (42,31%), quando comparados com o grupo somente infectado. Assim, sugere-se que a imunização com essas enzimas pode contribuir para o controle da esquistossomose, bem como auxiliar na modulação da infecção experimental, induzindo redução da fisiopatologia desta parasitose.
Herberg, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Tissue Factor Expression von Monozyten bei essentieller Hypertonie und nach Stimulation mit dem AT1-AK / Matthias Herberg." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1022912801/34.
Full textRoe, Aaron Michael. "The effect of coastal river otters (Lontra canadensis) on the plant community of Prince William Sound, AK." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1798966551&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textLelièvre, Nicolas. "Développement des méthodes AK pour l'analyse de fiabilité. Focus sur les évènements rares et la grande dimension." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC045/document.
Full textEngineers increasingly use numerical model to replace the experimentations during the design of new products. With the increase of computer performance and numerical power, these models are more and more complex and time-consuming for a better representation of reality. In practice, optimization is very challenging when considering real mechanical problems since they exhibit uncertainties. Reliability is an interesting metric of the failure risks of design products due to uncertainties. The estimation of this metric, the failure probability, requires a high number of evaluations of the time-consuming model and thus becomes intractable in practice. To deal with this problem, surrogate modeling is used here and more specifically AK-based methods to enable the approximation of the physical model with much fewer time-consuming evaluations. The first objective of this thesis work is to discuss the mathematical formulations of design problems under uncertainties. This formulation has a considerable impact on the solution identified by the optimization during design process of new products. A definition of both concepts of reliability and robustness is also proposed. These works are presented in a publication in the international journal: Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization (Lelièvre, et al. 2016). The second objective of this thesis is to propose a new AK-based method to estimate failure probabilities associated with rare events. This new method, named AK-MCSi, presents three enhancements of AK-MCS: (i) sequential Monte Carlo simulations to reduce the time associated with the evaluation of the surrogate model, (ii) a new stricter stopping criterion on learning evaluations to ensure the good classification of the Monte Carlo population and (iii) a multipoints enrichment permitting the parallelization of the evaluation of the time-consuming model. This work has been published in Structural Safety (Lelièvre, et al. 2018). The last objective of this thesis is to propose new AK-based methods to estimate the failure probability of a high-dimensional reliability problem, i.e. a problem defined by both a time-consuming model and a high number of input random variables. Two new methods, AK-HDMR1 and AK-PCA, are proposed to deal with this problem based on respectively a functional decomposition and a dimensional reduction technique. AK-HDMR1 has been submitted to Reliability Enginnering and Structural Safety on 1st October 2018
Hansson, Mattias. "Rätt beväpning för uppgiften : en jämförelse av vapensystem för en sjukvårdsgrupp." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-4105.
Full textThe ability to provide a good medical treatment to injured service personnel in the Swedish Armed Forces is important, but the Armed Forces' ability or inability to provide soldiers qualified care is also vital for the members of the armed forces confidence for their own ability. Swedish medics are expected to take care of a patient, whatever the terrain and threat may be. Swedish medics aren’t considered to be combatants in war or conflict but the law gives them the right to defend themselves and their patients. They are currently equipped with the Ak 5 to protect themselves and their patients, a weapon that is used by all service personel In the Swedish Armed Forces, this means that the medics carry a full length rifle. This report will examine the weapon best suited for a medical team to carry out its duties while also providing a level of personal protection should the need arise.
Alexia, Catherine. "Evaluation du rôle des IGFs et de la signalisation activée par IGF-IR dans la prolifération des cellules d'hépatome et dans leur protection contre l'apoptose." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077004.
Full textVerdoucq, Laurent. "Dérivées tangentielles et interpolation pour les fonctions de la classe Ak[infini] au bord de domaines de type fini." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/55376-1998-1.pdf.
Full textBoniface, Benjamin. "Modélisation thermo-mécanique et fiabilité des échangeurs réacteurs en carbure de silicium." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0050/document.
Full textIntensified heat exchanger reactors (ERI) are heat exchangers used as chemical reactors for process intensification. The ERI studied in this work is composed of silicon carbide (SiC) based plates, giving it interesting thermal and chemical properties. In return, the use of SiC increases the brittle fracture risk, in addition of the main risks that are leaking fluid and thermal runaway reaction. The process intensification represents a significant gain in productivity, safety and environmental impact, provided that the design and the implementation procedure of the ERI are optimized. The objective of this work is to propose a process of study suited to this type of product in general, and to optimize the design of this ERI in particular. For this, the thermo-chemical and thermo-mechanical models are developed and used in a mechano-reliability study, notably using the AK-MCS method based on kriging interpolation of the performance function
Tinas, Rukiye. "État et religion dans la Turquie post-kémaliste. : L’évolution du Parti de la justice et du développement (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) : Les deux mandats : 2002-2007 et 2007-2011." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20020.
Full textIn modern Turkey clearly marked by secularism, the AKP called “conservative democrat” by its founders from the Islamist movement is the winner of elections of any kind since its appearance in 2001. Although the Kemalist Establishment had wanted to throw out this party could not do it. Paradoxically any attempt on his part has only increased its popularity. Then, the question is “what are the sociocultural and political transformations of society as well as the strengths of the AKP, which may explain its success story both inside and outside the country? ”. The answer to this question depends on what is “Conservative democracy” which could get the green light from the Establishment to enter the political arena: where the party is situated on the political spectrum, what distinguishes it from its counterparties, the most important is it really a political ideology which is distinct from Islamism as suggested by its ideologues? This is how we can know if Turkish Islamism is in the process of inventing in the Muslim world a form comparable to what was the “Christian democracy” in European countries. And if we can classify the AKP among the Islamists, we will examine whether the future of Islam as a political force of government is in Turkey or elsewhere?
CARVALHO, Giselle Cristina Brasil. "Citoproteção do ácido kójico (AK) na morte induzida por LPS em células de Muller de retina de embrião de galinha." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/9856.
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5-Hidroxi-2-hidroximetil-γ-pirona (AK), conhecido inibidor de tirosinase, enzima importante para síntese de melanina e por isso é usado para desordens de pigmentação. AK também promove significativa ativação de macrófagos e promove acúmulo citoplasmático de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), o que sugere seu papel como potencializador do sistema imune como microbicida. Não existe trabalho na literatura que mostra a ação do AK no sistema nervoso central (SNC) como ativador celular e seu possível papel protetor frente a infecções. Para testar essa hipótese usamos glias de Muller da retina que apresentam propriedades semelhantes aos dos macrófagos e LPS, como ativador glial. Portanto, o presente trabalho avalia a ação do AK como possível papel protetor na morte celular induzida por LPS, em cultura de células da glia provenientes de embriões de galinha. Culturas enriquecidas com células da glia, foram tratadas com AK (10, 25, 50 e 100 μM) e LPS (0,1; 1; 10, 100 e 500 ng/mL) durante 24 horas. Após tratamento, as células não mostraram citotoxicidade tratadas com AK, entretanto, tratadas com LPS ocorreu morte celular, de uma maneira dose-dependente. Verificamos o acúmulo de EROs em grupos tratados com AK (100 μM) e LPS (100 e 500 ng/ml), sendo que nas culturas co-tratados com AK e LPS nas mesmas concentrações houve uma redução desse acúmulo. AK também foi capaz de inibir a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes, ( catalase e Superóxido dismutase) e inibir os níveis de glutationa, enquanto LPS produz um aumento na atividade dessas enzimas. AK foi capaz de inibir as enzimas antioxidantes e glutationa do aumento induzido por LPS. Esses dados revelam que AK promove a modulação do balanço oxidativo e antioxidativo como possível mecanismo protetor na morte celular produzido por LPS em células enriquecidas de Glia de Müller.
5-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-γ-pyrone (AK), a known inhibitor of tyrosinase, an enzyme important for melanin synthesis and therefore used for pigmentation disorders. AK also promotes significant activation of macrophages and promotes cytoplasmic accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting its role as a potentiator of the immune system and microbicide. There is no work in literature that shows the action of AK in the central nervous system (CNS) as a cellular activator and its possible protective role against infections. To test this hypothesis, it use retinal Muller glia which have similar properties to those of macrophages. Therefore, the present work evaluates the action of AK as a possible protective role in LPS-induced cell death in culture of glial cells from chicken embryos. Cultures enriched with glial cells were treated with AK (10, 25, 50 and 100 μM) and LPS (0.1, 10, 100, and 500 ng / ml) for 24 hours. After treatment, the cells did not show AK-treated cytotoxicity; however, treated with LPS, cell death occurred in a dose-dependent manner. We verified the accumulation of EROs in groups treated with AK (100 μM) and LPS (100 and 500 ng / ml). Cultures co-treated with AK and LPS in the same concentrations there was a reduction of accumulation of EROs. AK was also able to inhibit the activity of antioxidant enzymes, (catalase and Superoxide dismutase) and glutathione levels, while LPS produces an increase in the activity of these antixodants. AK was able to inhibit the antioxidant enzymes and glutathione from the increase induced by LPS. These data show that AK promotes the modulation of oxidative and antioxidative balance as a possible protective mechanism in the cell death produced by LPS in Müller's Glia enriched cells.
Senna, da Costa Mariano. "Attitudes, habits, norms and policies regarding co-authorship among forest scientists in Brazil." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19270.
Full textIn order to verify core issues for co-authorship in a specific audience, the current work focus on technological literacy, human interaction, and institutional policy. It first presents an interdisciplinary collection of arguments from social sciences, natural sciences, computer sciences, and humanities about scientific collaboration, especially regarding co-authorship activities. This literature review includes statistics on information usage, description of knowledge management strategies, exploration of behavioral patterns, communication technology trends, and discussions of some historical, political and contextual elements that may be influencing the application of the Internet as a collaborative tool within academic contexts. It also draws back few controversies about the concept of science and its practices, which are indirectly related to the problematic of scholarly communication, scientific collaboration, and knowledge production. The investigation targets these activities in what they concern the production of co-authored texts. A special focus of this work targets the current mainstream system of academic publishing ranking and evaluation (Bibliometrics or Scientometrics; QUALIS and SCIELO systems). The existing measurement system for the ranking of authors is generally an unfair/biased system, as statistics can easily be manipulated by a bureaucratic and corporate agenda, or by individual interests, rather than representing the real merit of an author. The inquiry applies a semi-structured in-depth interview combined with a quantitative survey intending to reveal three interrelated aspects (Technological, Institutional, and Cultural) involved in co-authorship activities within the Graduate Program in Forest Engineering at the Federal University of Paraná/Brazil.
Paulavičiūtė, Indrė. "Atviro kodo produktų kokybės užtikrinimo metodų tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060529_211749-41575.
Full textSvensson, Rebecca. "När järnarbetare hanterar spaden och målaren knackar makadam : om arbetslöshetspolitik i en arbetarstyrd kommun, Västerås, under 1920-talets krisår /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4631.
Full textKováč, Vladimír. "Má I. Jones pravdu? Existuje nesúlad medzi vývojom investícií a tempom technologického pokroku?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-18348.
Full textMeiser, Inga. "Die Deutsche Forschungshochschule." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16762.
Full textThis dissertation discusses the history of the German research school, the so called “Deutsche Forschungshochschule“, from its establishment in 1947 until its dissolution in 1953. After the end of World War II, the American military government debated how to preserve the research institutes situated in Berlin. Representatives of the American military government developed a plan to transform these research institutes and remodel them after the American Schools of Advanced Studies, and to create a completely new type of qualified school in which research as well as teaching and training would be combined. Right from the start of the planning process, the Deutsche Forschungshochschule faced opposition from different sides, for example from the Kaiser-Wilhelm-/Max-Planck-Society and the universities in West Germany. The Deutsche Forschungshochschule lost further ground due to the new founding of another university, the Freie Universität. The Forschungshochschule failed to succeed not only due to external opposition. Scientist of the affiliated institutes within the Forschungshochschule did not consider themselves as part of a newly reformed type of school with a focus on education and training for young academics. Instead, they continued to consider themselves as research-only institutes. By 1953, the dissolution of the Deutsche Forschungshochschule set in, with the school failing to reach any of its expectations. This dissertation reveals that the idea for the establishment of a new type of qualified school was originated by Robert Havemann, who had been elected head of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Society in 1945. He had already worked out a plan for the rescue of the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institutes in Berlin-Dahlem in 1946. His plan had intended to integrate the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institutes into a new type of research school.
Othman, Moneeb AK [Verfasser], Thomas [Gutachter] Liehr, Wim [Gutachter] Damen, and Irmgard [Gutachter] Verdorfer. "Analysis and detection of cryptic and complex chromosomal aberrations in acute leukemia / Moneeb AK Othman ; Gutachter: Thomas Liehr, Wim Damen, Irmgard Verdorfer." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1177613212/34.
Full text植村, 一平. "宿主特異的毒素AK-toxinおよび関連化合物の化学合成." 京都大学, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149904.
Full text0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第9614号
農博第1242号
新制||農||842(附属図書館)
学位論文||H14||N3646(農学部図書室)
UT51-2002-G372
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻
(主査)教授 池田 篤治, 教授 坂田 完三, 教授 桒原 保正
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Eriksson, Lena. "Arbete till varje pris : arbetslinjen i 1920-talets arbetslöshetspolitik /." Stockholm : Amqvist & Wiksell International, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-210.
Full textAntoine, Jean-Charles. "Le trafic d’armes légères et de petit calibre en provenance des PECO et des Balkans." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083337.
Full textAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 three main parameters have been gathered for the first time in History : a huge production of small arms and light weapons build during the Cold War, a withdrawal or a weakening of States which lets appear new criminal links and at last an increasing trade liberalization. These has generated a constant supply for the clandestines firearms channels from the Central and Eastern Europe and from the Balkans. Within the Western and balkanic Europe and in the majority of the African conflicts, lots of these arms have been delivered on the ground of resurgent social, political and religious rivalries which are always more or less linked to the underground economy and to the territorial or commodities predation. However, despite the impressions about the invasion of Kalachnikov rifles, came from Eastern Europe into our Western suburbs or in the hands of rebels worldwide, the real targets in front of these weapons may be different in reality. And the real or percieved need of self-protection for people in danger seems to leave room to hazard or money
Batirbek, Canay. "Akyaka After 25 Years: Spatial And Conceptual Re-readings In Architectural Discourse." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611681/index.pdf.
Full texts self-generated practice and its route of progress with the definitions of place. As the ignorance of Akyaka -as an unconventional body characterized with Nail Ç
akirhan&rsquo
s Aga Khan Award winner traditional type of house in 1983- by the conventional architectural discourse prevents learning from it. Therefore, the research will focus on Akyaka&rsquo
s distinctive story which is taking its references from a place and producing the place of its own, out of the boundaries of the profession. Akyaka will be researched in the framework of several different aspects in relation to protection of coastal region, architectural representation, Aga Khan Award for Architecture, Turkish Architecture&rsquo
s identity quests, tourism&rsquo
s agendas, continuity of tradition and its controversy with modern, locality&rsquo
s sustainability, and pastiche in architecture. The town will be listened to in terms of its geographical, socio-cultural and architectural/architectonic bases. In this context, if this unrecognized formation has something to say after 25 years will be studied introducing the place phenomenon reproduced by the settlement as a field of discussion.
TINTOR, Cleiton Barcot. "Utilização de resíduos gordurosos para a produção de biodiesel via enzimatica." Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2014. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/633.
Full textThe present study deals with the production of fatty acids ethyl esters (FAEEs) by transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil in a solvent-free system mediated by microbial lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (Lipase AK) immobilized by physical adsorption on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) particles. The maximum hydrolytic activity, measured on the hydrolysis of olive oil emulsion at pH 7.0 and 37 °C, was 413.76 U/g of support for the biocatalyst prepared by offering protein loading of 30 mg/g of support. In the present study, it was proposed a 22 full factorial design to find the variables of the process that have a significant influence on the enzymatic synthesis of FAEEs by transesterification of waste cooking oil. The reactions were performed at fixed biocatalyst concentration of 10 % m/m, continuous agitation of 200 rpm and time reaction of 15 h. Under optimal experimental conditions (molar ratio oil:ethanol of 1:4.7 and reaction temperature of 34 °C), maximum transesterification yield percentage of 67.9% was reached. However, purified FAEEs produced at molar ratio oil:ethanol 1:3 and 45°C exhibited kinematic viscosity of 3.82 centipoise. This study demonstrated that the experimental design is appropriate for the maximization of FAEEs synthesis by transesterification of waste cooking oil in a solvent-free system. This methodology also makes it possible to determine a desirable working region where a better performance for the transesterification reaction can be achieved.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Marchetto, Sylvie. "Etude du polymorphisme des antigènes de classe II du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité murin analyse clonale de l'immunogénicité et du rôle fonctionnel de la molécule Ak /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615658r.
Full textRanitovic, Ana. "Why do they call it Ras̆ka when they mean Sandz̆ak? : on the synchrony and diachrony of identities in southwest Serbia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1459bcc0-0c7b-41d3-ae22-7ff8cd2848c8.
Full textOmollo, Ann Ondera. "TOTAL SYNTHESES OF (3S, 18S, 4E, 16E)-EICOSA-1,19-DIYNE-3,18-DIOL, (+)-DURYNE, (+)-DIDEOXYPETROSYNOL A, CICUTOXIN AND ATTEMPTS TOWARD THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF PETROSYNOL: POLYACETYLENIC POTENT ANTICANCER NATURAL PRODUCTS." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1217877029.
Full textSenol, Aylin. "Understanding The New Activism Of Turkey In The Middle East: Turkey As An Emerging Soft Power." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612755/index.pdf.
Full textsoft power&rdquo
term for describing Turkey&rsquo
s new activism in the region. Since the establishment of the Turkish Republic, Turkey has aligned itself with the Western world so that this alignment has been the main determinant of its relations with the non-Western world. The Middle East was not an exception in this process. After decades of remaining aloof from the Middle Eastern affairs, Turkey has followed a new foreign policy towards the region, as part of its new foreign policy vision, since the AK Party coming to power in 2002 and has shown a growing willingness to participate in Middle Eastern affairs. Various arguments are developed by different actors, including the one elaborated in this thesis, to explain the new activism of Turkey in the region.
Young, Emma Victoria. "Determining the ability of terrestrial time-lapse microgravity surveying on a glacier to find summer mass balance using gravitational modeling." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/473458.
Full textM.S.
Mass loss of alpine glaciers presently account for about half of the cryospheric contribution to the global sea-level rise. Mass balance of alpine glaciers has predominantly been monitored by; (1) glaciological and hydrological methods, and (2) satellite gravimetric methods using data from NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. However, the former can be logistically costly and have large extrapolation errors: measurements taken at monthly temporal scales are expensive and have a spatial resolution of roughly one kilometer. The latter provides monthly mass-balance estimates of aggregates of alpine glaciers, although the spatial resolution (~300 km) is far too coarse for assessing individual glaciers’ mass balance. Ground-based, time-lapse microgravity measurements can potentially overcome some of the disadvantages of the glaciological, hydrological, and satellite gravitational methods for assessing mass changes and their spatial distribution on a single glacier. Gravity models were utilized to predict the gravity signals of the summer-time mass balance, changes in the seasonal snow cover outside of the glacier, and the vertical gravity gradient (VGG) needed for the free-air correction on Wolverine Glacier, AK. The modeled gravity signal of the summer-time mass balance (average of -0.237 mGal) is more than an order of magnitude larger than the uncertainty of conventional relative gravimeters (±0.007 mGal). Therefore, modeling predict that the time-lapse gravitational method could detect the summer-time mass balance on Wolverine Glacier. The seasonal snow effect was shown to have the greatest influence (~ -0.15 mGal) on the outer 100 m boundary of the glacier and minimal effect (~ -0.02 mGal) towards the center, both larger than the uncertainty of relative gravimeters. The VGG has a positive deviation, about -0.1 to -0.2 mGal/m, from the normal VGG (-0.309 mGal/m). Thus, seasonal snow effect and VGG need to be correctly accounted for when processing gravity measurements to derive the residual gravity signal of the glacier mass balance. Accurate measurements of elevation changes, seasonal snow depth, and the VGG should be performed in future gravity surveys of glaciers.
Temple University--Theses
Saribasak, Ercan. "L'AK Parti et l'intégration européenne de la Turquie : analyse du Parti de la justice et du développement en Turquie sous l'angle de ses stratégies européennes." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH032.
Full textThis thesis highlights the complex relationship between the AK Party and the EU, a major player which shapes Turkey's foreign policy and also ensures existence of the AK Party. The party came to power in 2002 just after its establishment in 2001. Since then, the AK Party has consolidated its position and of no doubt has become one of the biggest and the strongest parties in the history of Turkish politics. On the other hand the European policy of Turkey is a subject that still attracts considerable attention, even at the moment when it is no longer considered as privileged central axis of Turkish foreign policy and do not exists as before in the agenda of the AK Party. Indeed, since the negotiations with the EU have been initiated with the AK Party, this subject attracts much more attention and has become an interesting topic to analyze because the leaders of the AK Party came from the tradition of the `National Vision`. By reading of the party and more specifically by analyzing its EU policy, we sought to understand the meaning of the EU and the role it has played and still plays in the existence of the party. By conducting first a comparison between European policies of the political parties of the National Vision and the AK Party, our goal is to understand the positioning of the AK Party in the Turkish political system. Then, by analyzing the EU vision of the party during elections and referendums, we have noted the evolution of European policies of the party during each of those election periods and also the evolution of the level of interaction between two parties. Meanwhile, we tried to understand role of the EU within the scope of the foreign policies of the party. Even though the European policies were considered to be stable elements for the AK Party and Turkish political history, their importance and or intensity has evolved over time. For our study, we decided the EU as an invariable actor, and elections as well as time as variable elements. Therefore, this doctoral dissertation aims to show the position of the AK Party vis à vis the EU, the evolution of the importance of the EU for the latter since its creation in 2001 and lastly to analyze the European policies of the AK Party
Garg, Dhiraj Kumar. "Numerical modeling and simulation of polymerization reactions in coiled flow inverters." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE002/document.
Full textThis thesis aimed at improving the modeling and simulation of free radical polymerization (FRP) in batch as well as in flow reactors. A generalized explicit analytical solution (AS) was obtained in case of variable volume, bulk/solution polymerization, homogeneous and isothermal batch reactor. The reaction steps included initiation, propagation, transfer to monomer, transfer to solvent, transfer to chain transfer agent (CTA), termination by combination and disproportionation. Different models of gel, glass and cage effects were also implemented explicitly. AS was validated against numerical solutions as well as published experimental data and was found in good agreement. Furthermore, its applicability was extended to conditions for which AS was not derived, i.e. non-isothermal conditions. The versatility and flexibility of AS over the complete range of monomer conversion were thus demonstrated. Then, to broaden its applications range even more, AS was used in CFD simulations. A new and simple transformation was proposed to make kinetic rate coefficients dimensionless in terms of concentration. This enabled chemical data to be fed in molar form to CFD modeling. It also enabled easy coding and debugging by keeping the original form of generation terms intact. The results were found to be improved after validation against experimental data. This transformation was then used for evaluating three tubula microreactor geometries, namely straight tube reactor (STR), coiled tube reactor (CTR) and coil flow inverter reactor (CFIR), under different feed conditions (unmixed or perfectly mixed) at very low Reynolds numbers (<1). The modeling for FRP was performed with constant or variable fluid physical parameters (density, viscosity and thermal conductivity) along with discrete variation of diffusion coefficients. Their effects on simulation results were observed and compared with published experimental data for 4 different monomers and were found to match perfectly. Results for mixed feed condition were found to be independent of microreactor geometry. CFIR seems to be the most promising reactor design under microreaction investigated conditions as it allowed the best control over polymer characteristics
Yuner, Meral. "A Comparision Of The Ideas Of Ziya Gokalpa And Yusuf Akcura On Turkism." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611033/index.pdf.
Full textkalp and Yusuf Akç
ura on Turkism. Nationalism emerged in the 18th century in Western Europe has been a real force in world politics for the last two centuries. Naturally, towards the end of the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire with many different ethnic groups within its borders was influenced by Western nationalist movements. Analyzing Turkish nationalism, it is seen that from the late 18th century to the announcement of the Second Constitution in 1908, Turkish nationalism went parallel to the modernization attempts of the Ottoman reformers. The Ottoman bureaucrats considered modernity as a goal to overcome the difficulties of the Ottoman Empire. Ottomanism and Islamism were the sub-ideologies of the state, which were essential for its survival. However, after the Balkan wars, Turkism became popular among ottoman intellectuals. Both Gö
kalp and Akç
ura played a leading role in the direction of Turkish nationalism during the transition from a multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire to a secular and modern Turkish nation-state. Additionally, after the foundation of the Turkish nation-state, they shaped the content of the reforms of the new state with their nationalist way of thinking. In this respect, they served as the intellectual sources of Turkish nationalism. The main purpose of this thesis is to offer an analytical framework for understanding the peculiarities of Gö
kalp and Akç
ura&rsquo
s nationalist thoughts during the late Ottoman and early Republican periods. In this context, this thesis examines the ideas of the two scholars on a comparative basis and aims to reveal the differences and similarities in their ideas.
Alparslan, Mine. "Les modes de gouvernement des partis politiques en Turquie : l’exemple du Parti de la justice et du développement (AK Parti) et le Parti républicain du peuple (CHP) (2001-2010)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010316.
Full textNo English summary available
Shihadeh, Klara [Verfasser], and Gunter [Akademischer Betreuer] AßMann. "Rheumafaktor und Anti-Cyclin-Citrullinierte Peptid-Antikörper (A-CCP-AK) im Serum von Patienten mit diffus-großzelligem B-Non-Hodgkin Lymphom (DLCBL) und Multiplem Myelom / Klara Shihadeh. Betreuer: Gunter Aßmann." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1056906952/34.
Full textMaryniak, Lidia Barbara. "The anti-tumour activity and mode of action of artesunate and dihydroartemisinin (alone and in combination with aspirin) against human leukaemia HL-60 and colorectal HT-29-AK cancer cells." Thesis, Coventry University, 2016. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/2988c355-1814-40e5-a423-ec0a58062682/1.
Full text岡田, 雅和. "宿主特異的毒素AK-toxin標識体の合成とナシ膜画分に対する結合性の評価." 京都大学, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181369.
Full text0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第7963号
農博第1072号
新制||農||785(附属図書館)
学位論文||H11||N3297(農学部図書室)
UT51-99-M268
京都大学大学院農学研究科農芸化学専攻
(主査)教授 上野 民夫, 教授 岩村 俶, 教授 古澤 巌
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Dang-Heine, Chantip. "Genexpressionsprofil und Aktivität humaner Papillomviren in nicht-melanozytären Hauttumoren." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16152.
Full textDuring development of non-melanoma skin cancer, several risk factors are involved: UV-exposition, pigmentation, age, and potentially human papilloma virus (HPV). The molecular mechanisms underlying tumourgenesis in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its pre-cancerosis actinic keratosis (AK) are not fully understood. In this study, the gene expression profile and HPV-infection status were analysed in SCC from immunocompetent and organ transplanted, immunocompromised patients.By global transcriptome analysis from cutaneous SCC, AK and healthy skin, 118 genes were identified differentially expressed in a cDNA-microarray. The expression of 11 out of 13 selected genes (85%) was investigated by real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) and the expression of three genes remarkably induced in SCC correlated with the progression to AK until SCC. These genes encoded for Metalloproteinase-1, which is involved in the remodelling of extracellular matrix, and the protooncogene RAB31 and Tenascin-C (Tn-C). Tn-C protein is expressed in SCC-tissue at the invasion front in basal cells and in keratinocytes in the Stratum papillare and retikulare, but not in healthy skin. This study, the 2243 bp Tn-C-specific splice-variant has for the first time detected in SCC, but not in normal skin. Thus it might serve as diagnostic marker of SCC progression. The data of the transcriptome analysis indicates that a simultaneous dysregulation of oncogene expression and DNA-repair, cell-cycle and proliferation, proteolysis and adhesion molecules exists in SCC. Additionally, the expression of HPV in SCC and thus the causal relationship between HPV-infection and tumourgenesis of SCC in immunocompromised patients was investigated. The HPV-infection pattern in SCC-tissue and normal skin was assessed by detection of DNA from cutaneous HPV-types. Viral E6/E7-mRNA-transcripts of the cutaneous HPV-types 8, 9, 15 were expressed selectively in AK and SCC. In contrast, no HPV-specific mRNA was present in HPV-DNA positive normal skin. The analysis of the open reading frame from the respective E6-protein genes unravelled one single pointmutation, which is not been characterized so far in terms of e.g. its impact on protein structure. The viral activity of the oncogenes E6 and E7 of cutaneous HPV-types indicates a potential function of HPV in the tumourgenesis of SCC in immunocompromised individuals.