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Journal articles on the topic 'Aja (Benin and Togo)'

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Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Maquart, Pierre-Olivier, Alain Coache, Francesco Vitali, Laurent Péru, Bernard Rainon, Denis Richard, and Pierre Juhel. "The Clytini fauna of Benin and Togo, with the description of a new species from Benin (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)." Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 126, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32475/bsef_2210.

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Four species are reported for the first time in Benin, Carinoclytus cf. semiruber (Quedenfeldt, 1882), Chlorophorus deterrens (Pascoe, 1862), Denticerus muehlei Mourglia & Téocchi, 1994, and Plagionotulus sylvaticus Hintz, 1911; a new species is described, Calanthemis jossomonforti n. sp. In Togo, four species are known and Denticerus muehlei Mourglia & Téocchi, 1994, is reported for the first time. Plagionotulus sylvaticus Hintz, 1911, is cited from Ivory Coast for the first time. An identification key to species of Clytini from Benin and Togo is provided.

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2

Law, Robin. "Historical Source Material from Togo and Benin." History in Africa 22 (January 1995): 445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171926.

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3

TOMSON, HR. "HYDROELECTRIC RESOURCE STUDIES IN TOGO AND BENIN." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 78, no. 6 (December 1985): 1403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1985.1060.

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4

TOMSON, HR, EA RAE, RI ALSOP, MD PALMER, and JO ROBERTSON. "HYDROELECTRIC RESOURCE STUDIES IN TOGO AND BENIN." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 80, no. 6 (December 1986): 1649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1986.538.

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5

Ott, Beverly, and Olivier Hauville. "Banking with Women in Togo and Benin." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 29, no. 2 (January 2004): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/378550.

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6

Koudandé, O. D., G. Dossou-Gbété, F. Mujibi, H. Kibogo, D. Mburu, G. A. Mensah, O. Hanotte, and J. A. M. van Arendonk. "Genetic diversity and zebu genes introgression in cattle population along the coastal region of the Bight of Benin." Animal Genetic Resources Information 44 (April 2009): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002856.

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SummaryGenetic diversity and Zebu genetic introgression have been assessed in five subpopulations of cattle along the coastal region of Togo, Benin and Nigeria using 15 autosomal and one Y- specific microsatellite markers. Mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranges from 0.55 to 0.61 and the mean number of alleles (MNA) from 5.47 to 6.47. Genetic differentiation indexes (Fst), were significant between the five subpopulations (P< 0.01). Some possible population diagnostic alleles are identified with allele 254 at locus ILSTS033 and allele 182 at locus ILSTS005 found only in the population from Togo with frequencies of 5.41% and 12.82% respectively. Allele 226 of locus ILSTS103 is fixed in the Togolese population (100%) and almost fixed (98.75%) in the Benin-Valley population. Y chromosome analysis reveals male Zebu introgression in all five populations with a frequency of indicine Y chromosome ranging from 37.5% in Benin-Valley and Benin Plateau East to 100% for Benin Plateau West. Admixture analysis using the programme STRUCTURE (k = 2) confirms phenotypic observations suggesting different level of taurine background and therefore Zebu introgression amongst the populations. Within populations, variations in levels of Zebu admixture between herds were also detected. Whereas the valley population from Benin shows low level of Zebu introgression, it is the population from Benin Plateau East which is the purest.

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7

Harrington, Lauren A., Jennah Green, Patrick Muinde, David W. Macdonald, Mark Auliya, and Neil D'Cruze. "Snakes and ladders: A review of ball python production in West Africa for the global pet market." Nature Conservation 41 (July 28, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.41.51270.

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The ball python (Python regius) is the most traded, CITES listed, live animal exported from Africa. Recent studies have raised concerns as to whether production methods in Africa are sustainable, humane and compliant with legislation. To aid future management we explored export patterns, using the CITES and U.S. LEMIS database, for live ball pythons from across their range in West Africa to identify the main exporters and the main markets supplied, and to assess associated trends, and compliance with nationally-established export quotas. We found that export to supply the global pet trade remains almost exclusively carried out by three range countries – Benin, Ghana, and Togo. The USA was the largest importer from all three countries, although Ghana appeared to be less dependent on the USA market than either Togo or Benin, exporting to a more diverse range of countries, particularly in Asia. Between 2003 and 2017 there was a decline in annual importer-reported exports from Benin and from Ghana, but not from Togo. Ghana appears to operate as a regional trade hub, re-exporting ball pythons imported from Benin and Togo, and exports more ball pythons reported as captive-bred. Trade records from all three countries exhibited a switch from predominantly wild-sourced to predominantly ranched individuals. However, at a range-wide level, differences in the use of source codes among exporting range states, and inconsistencies in reporting of trade among range states, as well as inconsistencies in the use of source codes between exporting and importing countries, represent areas of potential concern. We recommend a regional-level policy approach for this highly sought-after species, to safeguard ball pythons and local livelihoods.

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8

Nwajiaku, Kathryn. "The National Conferences in Benin and Togo Revisited." Journal of Modern African Studies 32, no. 3 (September 1994): 429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00015172.

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As many as seven Conférences nationales (CNs) took place in French-speaking Africa between February 1990 and January 1993, all against the background of the apparent ‘wind of change’ which is sweeping across the continent where democratic governance is eventually to replace authoritarian rule. In Benin, the assembly of delegates that met during 19–28 February 1990 was supposed to be representative of all social, religious, professional, and political interest groups whose aim was to introduce a constitutional liberal democracy. This CN managed to gain acceptance of the sovereignty which it had declared on the second day — namely, that all its decisions would be legal and binding. The authority of President Matthieu Kérékou was thus effectively emasculated, whilst the elections which were timetabled and held a year later, finally unseated him after 20 years in power. In Togo, General Gnassingbe Eyadéma was able to reject the sovereignty claimed. by the CN, held from 8 July to 28 August 1991, as the balance of power was firmly in his favour.

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9

Semanou, Alexandrov Nevski Sachs, and Kamil Uslu. "Comparative Analysis of Growth Convergence in Selected West African Countries." Business and Economic Research 9, no. 3 (July 24, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v9i3.14910.

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This paper analyses the β-convergence process of West African countries with a focus on Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Togo. It has been motivated by the apparent persistence of income gap between West African countries. To achieve the objective of the study, we use both descriptive statistics and econometric approach. The study covers the time period of 27 years (1990-2017). The results show the absence of a unit steady state for the region and do not confirm neoclassical theory’s predictions. Rather, it shows the existence of club convergence in West Africa. Also, lower-income countries such as Benin and Togo have lower steady-state income compared to Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire.

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10

Mariani, Vincent N. "Emphasis, certainty, and interdiction: Adverbials in Gisida Anii." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 9, no. 1 (May 15, 2024): 5659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v9i1.5659.

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This article presents novel fieldwork data describing the adverbials shɩ, cɔɔ, and caa in Anii, an understudied Ghana-Togo-Mountain language spoken in Togo and Benin. Shɩ and cɔɔ emphasize and mark the speaker’s certainty of aspectual reference, respectively, while caa serves to mark the speaker’s acknowledgement that the action or state denoted by the predicate is contrary to the listener’s wants.

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11

Heilbrunn, John R. "Social Origins of National Conferences in Benin and Togo." Journal of Modern African Studies 31, no. 2 (June 1993): 277–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00011939.

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Political life in Africa was described 25 years ago as ‘an almost institutionless arena with conflict and disorder as its most prominent features’. However, the wave of national conferences in Africa in the current decade would have been inconceivable without the various institutions and beliefs that have persisted despite the prevalence of dictatorship. These ‘fragments of democracy’ have been manifest in trade union movements, voluntary associations, and the nascent political parties that have organised popular protests against authoritarian régimes during the past few years.

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12

Heilbrunn, John R. "Commerce, Politics, and Business Associations in Benin and Togo." Comparative Politics 29, no. 4 (July 1997): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/422015.

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13

Fogazzi, Giovanni B., Vénérand Attolou, Solomon Kadiri, Domenico Fenili, and Fiorenzo Priuli. "A nephrological program in Benin and Togo (West Africa)." Kidney International 63 (February 2003): S56—S60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.s83.12.x.

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14

Fiedler, Ines. "The gender system of Anii." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 74, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2021-1037.

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Abstract The present paper describes the gender system of Anii, a Na-Togo language spoken in Benin and Togo. Anii has a full-fledged and productive gender system that consists of 10 agreement classes. It also provides 10 nominal form classes that are not fully identical with the agreement classes. The assignment of gender follows largely morphological criteria, but the prevalent principle for the current classification system is the division of nouns along the animacy hierarchy.

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15

Radji, Raoufou, Kossi Adjonou, Quashie Marie-Luce Akossiwoa, Komlan Edjèdu Sodjinou, Francisco Pando, and Kouami Kokou. "Togo National Herbarium database." PhytoKeys 109 (September 13, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.109.25385.

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This article describes the herbarium database of the University of Lomé. The database provides a good representation of the current knowledge of the flora of Togo. The herbarium of University of Lomé, known also as Herbarium togoense is the national herbarium and is registered in Index Herbariorum with the abbreviation TOGO. It contains 15,000 specimens of vascular plants coming mostly from all Togo's ecofloristic regions. Less than one percent of the specimens are from neighbouring countries such as Ghana, Benin and Burkina Faso. Collecting site details are specified in more that 97% of the sheet labels, but only about 50% contain geographic coordinates. Besides being a research resource, the herbarium constitutes an educational collection. The dataset described in this paper is registered with GBIF and accessible at https://www.gbif.org/dataset/b05dd467-aaf8-4c67-843c-27f049057b78. It was developed with the RIHA software (Réseau Informatique des Herbiers d'Afrique). The RIHA system (Chevillotte and Florence 2006, Radji et al. 2009) allows the capture of label data and associated information such as synonyms, vernacular names, taxonomic hierarchy and references.

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16

Onwudiwe, Ebere. "On the Sovereign National Conference." Issue 27, no. 1 (1999): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700503175.

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The Conference of Nationalities organized in Nigeria by the Campaign for Democracy, and held on December 17-19, 1998, has come and gone with little impact either on the national consciousness or on the process of transition to democracy. At the outset, I should state that I have never been convinced that the type of national conference planned in Nigeria after the expiration of the regime of Sani Abacha was going to be as useful as the most successful Conferences Nationales pioneered in francophone Africa. From the particular example of a similar conference in the Republic of Benin, the weaknesses of the Nigerian parley can be crystallized. The choice of Benin is quite easy. The Conference Nationale there was a resounding success. That triumphant experiment is a much better yardstick for measuring the Nigerian effort than, say, the failed one in Togo, although the Togo case is not without humbling lessons for the Nigerian organizers of the Conference of Nationalities.

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17

COLYN, MARC, JAN HULSELMANS, GONTRAN SONET, PASCAL OUDÉ, JAN DE WINTER, ARMAND NATTA, ZOLTÁN TAMÁS NAGY, and ERIK VERHEYEN. "Discovery of a new duiker species (Bovidae: Cephalophinae) from the Dahomey Gap, West Africa." Zootaxa 2637, no. 1 (October 6, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2637.1.1.

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Among the two most widely distributed duiker species, Philantomba monticola (Thunberg, 1789) and Philantomba maxwelli (C. H. Smith, 1827), the latter shows geographic variation in pelage color and body size. This issue was not investigated in detail so far, especially in the eastern region of its distribution area, notably due to the lack of material from the Dahomey Gap. We undertook a species-level revision of Philantomba in West Africa, notably including a series of specimens collected in Togo, Benin and Nigeria. Using morphological measurements (craniometry) and genetic data (two mitochondrial and three nuclear markers), we describe a new duiker species occurring in the Dahomey Gap (Togo, Benin) and the Niger delta, Philantomba walteri sp. nov. This discovery highlights the importance of the Dahomey Gap for the evolutionary history of the West African forest faunas. It also has conservation implications given that the new species is one of the main targets of the local bushmeat trade.

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18

Padayodi, Cécile M. "Kabiye." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38, no. 2 (July 22, 2008): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100308003496.

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Kabiye is a Gur (Voltaic) language that belongs to the Eastern Grusi (also Gurunsi) sub-branch of Central Gur, which in turn sub-branches from Gur that is part of the greater Niger-Congo language family (Naden 1989: 147). The number of native Kabiye speakers is estimated at 730,000, with approximately 700,000 speakers living in Togo, 30,000 in Benin, and a very small number in Ghana (Grimes 2000: 242). The original homeland of the Kabiye people is in Northeastern Togo, with the region of Kozah serving as the community's cultural center. From the early 20th century, however, the community began to spread southward and now encompasses locations in the central and southern parts of Togo, as well as in the neighboring countries (Ali-Napo 1997: 20).

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19

Dasho, Oluwaseyi A., Emmanuel A. Ariyibi, Adebiyi S. Adebayo, and Sesan C. Falade. "Seismotectonic lineament mapping over parts of Togo-Benin-Nigeria shield." NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20909977.2020.1797427.

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20

Denchev, Teodor T., Harrie J. M. Sipman, and Cvetomir M. Denchev. "Contribution to the smut fungi (Ustilaginomycetes) of Togo and Benin." MYCOBIOTA 4 (December 31, 2014): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12664/mycobiota.2014.04.02.

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21

Le Dissez, Aurélie, Eric Lagroy De Croutte, and Luc Hamm. "MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR CLIMATE RESILIENCE OF COASTAL AREAS IN TOGO." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.risk.22.

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Bight of Benin coast is highly vulnerable to climate change and one of its negative effects: sea level rise. It affects the coastal zones of Ghana, Togo and Benin. Within these areas, a substantial impact is expected not only on livelihoods but also on key infrastructure in coastal areas, leading to the destruction of coastal line and its habitats, socio-economic mutations and beach erosion increase. In Togo, the erosion retreat, due to improper coastal and infrastructure management, has been estimated between 5 to 10 meters per year during the period 1955-1985 and 20 to 30 meters per year during the period 1985-2009, forcing the coastal road linking LomÃ© to AnÃ©ho to be moved twice. Taking into consideration climate change, this figure will progressively increase. Under the African Development Fund 13th cycle (2014 - 2017), the African Development Bank (AfDB) is supporting the Togolese governmentâ€™s effort of strengthening regional integration through the financing of transport infrastructure, in particular the â€œrehabilitation of the corridor Lome-Cotonou and transport facilitation projectâ€. The main objective of AfDB project is to finance the related infrastructure and capacity building that will make coastal infrastructure, roads in particular, climate resilient.

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22

Moudachirou, Mansour, M. Abel Ayedoun, J. Djimon Gbenou, Kossi Koumaglo, François-X. Garneau, Helene Gagnon, and Jean I. France. "Composition of the Essential Oil ofSteganotenia araliaceaHochst from Benin and Togo." Journal of Essential Oil Research 7, no. 6 (November 1995): 685–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9700531.

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23

Golub, Stephen S. "Entrepôt Trade and Smuggling in West Africa: Benin, Togo and Nigeria." World Economy 35, no. 9 (July 23, 2012): 1139–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2012.01469.x.

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24

De Sole, G., S. Accorsi, H. Cresveaux, J. Remme, F. Walsh, and J. Hendrickx. "Distribution and severity of onchocerciasis in southern Benin, Ghana and Togo." Acta Tropica 52, no. 2-3 (December 1992): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-706x(92)90024-r.

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25

Kokutse, Adzo Dzifa, Afiwa Dzigbodi Akpenè, Olivier Monteuuis, Arcadius Akossou, Patrick Langbour, Daniel Guibal, Mario F. Tomazello, Edjidomélé Gbadoe, Gilles Chaix, and Kouami Kokou. "SELECTION OF PLUS TREES FOR GENETICALLY IMPROVED TEAK VARIETIES PRODUCED IN BENIN AND TOGO." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 328, no. 328 (July 20, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2016.328.a31302.

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Cette étude vise la sélection d’arbres« plus » sur la base des caractères den- drométriques et des propriétés du bois dans des plantations de teck au Bénin et au Togo. La croissance de 569 arbres dans 5 forêts au Togo et 90 arbres dans 3 forêts au Bénin a été évaluée en mesu- rant le diamètre à hauteur de poitrine, la hauteur totale et la hauteur du fût. Les propriétés suivantes du bois ont été éva- luées et prises en compte pour la sélec- tion finale d’arbres « plus » : densité, pourcentage de bois de cœur et couleur. La durabilité naturelle du bois de cœur, le point de saturation des fibres, le module d’élasticité et les retraits ont été évalués sur la base de modèles spectroscopiques dans le proche infrarouge, préalablement construits. Nos résultats montrent qu’au Togo la variabilité inter-arbres en forêt est assez forte pour l’accroissement annuel en hauteur (0,81 ± 0,27 m), en circonfé- rence (2,95 ± 1,02 cm) et en hauteur des fûts (10,64 ± 3,51m). Au Bénin, si les per- formances dendrométriques des arbres ne varient pas de façon significative entre les forêts, pour la hauteur des fûts (10,99 ± 3,80 m), les valeurs du coeffi- cient de variation sont plus élevées (40 %) pour la forêt de Koto. Prenant en compte les propriétés du bois, la sélection finale multicritères montre que les peuplements d’Avétonou et de Tchorogo au Togo consti- tuent un groupe homogène affichant les plus fortes valeurs pour la densité du bois et le pourcentage de bois de cœur. Les arbres des forêts de Haho-Baloe et Eto ont des valeurs plus faibles pour la dura- bilité naturelle, le module d’élasticité, le pourcentage de bois de cœur et la densité du bois. Au Bénin, les arbres de la forêt d’Agrimey ont une densité plus élevée mais les valeurs pour le point de satu- ration des fibres, la durabilité naturelle et le retrait du bois sont similaires pour les trois forêts. La variabilité des perfor- mances dendrométriques et de la qualité du bois des arbres-candidat nous ont per- mis de sélectionner 33 arbres « plus ».

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26

Aigbedion-Atalor, Pascal O., Itohan Idemudia, Medetissi Adom, Ethelyn E. Forchibe, Hospice Tossou, David D. Wilson, and Michael D. Day. "Marching across and beyond West Africa: First record of the stem-galling fly Cecidochares connexa (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Central Africa and the implications for biological control of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): e0252770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252770.

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The Neotropical invasive plant Chromolaena odorata R.M. King and H. Robinson (Asteraceae) is a serious weed in West and Central Africa and two biological control agents that have been introduced into West Africa to help reduce its impacts on agriculture and biodiversity, have established. The stem-galling fly, Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae), has spread widely across West Africa since its release in only Côte d’Ivoire, occurring in six countries. This study aimed to investigate whether the gall fly had spread further across West Africa and into Central Africa. Here, we surveyed C. odorata for C. connexa galls in Cameroon between October 2018 and October 2020, along roadsides, on farms, residential areas, and abandoned plots, encompassing various vegetation types. Additional surveys were conducted across four countries (Ghana, Togo, Benin Republic and Nigeria) in West Africa that we considered the probable pathway for the spread of the gall fly into Central Africa. Cecidochares connexa was present at five of the six locations surveyed in Cameroon, albeit in varying abundance. In Africa, these findings represent the first-ever report of C. connexa outside of West Africa. In West Africa, we recorded significant expansion in the geographic range of C. connexa, as reflected in the absent-present record of C. connexa in two locations in Nigeria and one in Ghana, as well as its occurrence in all locations surveyed in Benin Republic and Togo. Clearly, Ghana, Togo, Benin Republic and Nigeria served as the dispersal pathway of C. connexa from the release sites in Côte d’Ivoire into Cameroon, covering over 2,300 km. Following the spread and establishment of C. connexa into Cameroon, we anticipate that it will continue to spread further into other parts of Central Africa which are climatically suitable. Cecidochares connexa is currently the only biological control agent for C. odorata in Central Africa. Given that it has significantly reduced populations of C. odorata in other countries where it has established, it is expected to have a similar impact in Central Africa.

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Almoradie, Adrian Delos Santos, Nina Rholan Houngue, Kossi Komi, Julien Adounkpe, and Mariele Evers. "Transboundary Collaborative Modeling: Consensual Identification and Ranking of Flood Adaptation Measures—A Case Study in the Mono River Basin, Benin, and Togo." Sustainability 15, no. 15 (July 29, 2023): 11728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511728.

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The field of environmental management, specifically flood risk management (FRM), emphasizes participatory decision-making to address diverse issues and conflicting interests among stakeholders. This approach recognizes the complexity of decisions and their long-term impact on sustainability. Collaborative knowledge production is crucial for understanding the system, generating scenarios, and establishing consensus on mitigation and adaptation measures. Transboundary FRM requires an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach, employing suitable tools and methods for assessment and decision-making. In the context of the CLIMAFRI project, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), we evaluated the practicality of a participatory Collaborative Modeling framework in the transboundary Lower Mono River (LMR) basin, shared by Togo and Benin. This framework enables holistic understanding, stakeholder engagement, and the identification of appropriate adaptation-mitigation measures based on predefined evaluation criteria and a Multi-Criteria Decision Method. Our study customized and evaluated the framework considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which restricted face-to-face interactions. The study’s results indicate that in both countries, FRM is characterized as being more proactive rather than preventive, meaning the actions taken mainly address a broader range of potential issues and opportunities rather than targeting specific risks to minimize their impact. Moreover, it is crucial to enhance preventive measures and further improve the flood assessment capacity. The information obtained from scenarios involving the Adjarala Dam, land-use, and climate change under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios for the years 2030, 2050, and 2100 is valuable for decision-making regarding the development and prioritization of adaptation measures. The ranking of the seven measures shows that capacity building is the most preferred, followed by dykes, early warning systems, regulation of land use, insurance, and retention zones. The group ranking of Togo and Benin highlights differences in their perceptions and interests, where Togo leans towards soft measures, while Benin prefers hard (physical) measures.

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Wang, Yiting, Xuhui Wang, Lu Ji, and Rui Huang. "Sociodemographic Inequalities in Health Insurance Ownership among Women in Selected Francophone Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa." BioMed Research International 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6516202.

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In sub-Saharan Africa, improving equitable access to healthcare remains a major challenge for public health systems. Health policymakers encourage the adoption of health insurance schemes to promote universal healthcare. Nonetheless, progress towards this goal remains suboptimal due to inequalities health insurance ownership especially among women. In this study, we aimed to explore the sociodemographic factors contributing to health insurance ownership among women in selected francophone countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. This study is based on cross-sectional data obtained from Demographic and Health Surveys on five countries including Benin ( n = 13,407 ), Madagascar ( n = 12,448 ), Mali ( n = 10,326 ), Niger ( n = 12,558 ), and Togo ( n = 6,979 ). The explanatory factors included participant age, marital status, type of residency, education, household wealth quantile, employment stats, and access to electronic media. Associations between health insurance ownership and the explanatory factors were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis, and effect sizes were reported in terms in average marginal effects (AMEs). Results. The highest percentage of insurance ownership was observed for Togo (3.31%), followed by Madagascar (2.23%) and Mali (2.2%). After stratifying by place of residency, the percentages were found to be significantly lower in the rural areas for all countries, with the most noticeable difference observed for Niger (7.73% in urban vs. 0.54% in rural women). Higher levels of education and wealth quantile were positively associated with insurance ownership in all five countries. In the pooled sample, women in the higher education category had higher likelihood of having an insurance: Benin ( AME = 1.18 ; 95% CI = 1.10 , 1.27), Madagascar ( AME = 1.10 ; 95% CI = 1.05 , 1.15), Mali ( AME = 1.14 ; 95% CI = 1.04 , 1.24), Niger ( AME = 1.13 ; 95% CI = 1.07 , 1.21), and Togo ( AME = 1.17 ; 95% CI = 1.09 , 1.26). Regarding wealth status, women from the households in the highest wealth quantile had 4% higher likelihood of having insurance in Benin and Mali and 6% higher likelihood in Madagascar and Togo. Conclusions. Percentage of women who reported having health insurance was noticeably low in all five countries. As indicated by the multivariate analyses, the actual situation is likely to be even worse due to significant socioeconomic inequalities in the distribution of women having an insurance plan. Increasing women’s access to healthcare is an urgent priority for population health promotion in these countries, and therefore, addressing the entrenched sociodemographic disparities should be given urgent policy attention in an effort to strengthen universal healthcare-related goals.

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Agboyi, L. K., G. K. Ketoh, T. Martin, I. A. Glitho, and M. Tamò. "Pesticide resistance in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) populations from Togo and Benin." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 36, no. 04 (August 17, 2016): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758416000138.

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AbstractThe diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella(L.) is the major insect pest of cabbage crops in Togo and Benin. For control, farmers very often resort to spraying chemical insecticides at high dosages with frequent applications. Bioassays were carried out on three populations ofP. xylostella, two from Togo (Kara and Dapaong) and one from Benin (Cotonou), to assess their level of susceptibility to currently used insecticides. A reference strain ofP. xylostellafrom Matuu in Kenya was used as a control. In the laboratory, three insecticide representatives of different chemical families (deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl and spinosad) were assayed against third instar larvae ofP. xylostella. Results revealed thatP. xylostellapopulations from Dapaong, Kara and Cotonou were more resistant to deltamethrin (13 to 59-fold at LC50level, 149 to 1772-fold at LC90level) and chlorpyrifos ethyl (5 to 15-fold at LC50level, 9 to 885-fold at LC90level) than the reference strain. Spinosad was more toxic toP. xylostellapopulations than the other insecticides with LC50and LC90values less than 1 µg/ml and 15 µg/ml, respectively. However, the population from Cotonou appeared significantly more resistant to spinosad compared to the reference strain. These results are discussed in the light of developing an integrated pest management strategy for reducing the selection pressure of spinosad.

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Welch, Claude E., and Mathurin C. Houngnikpo. "Determinants of Democratization in Africa: A Comparative Study of Benin and Togo." African Studies Review 45, no. 3 (December 2002): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1515141.

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Seely, Jennifer C. "The legacies of transition governments: post-transition dynamics in Benin and Togo." Democratization 12, no. 3 (June 2005): 357–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510340500126772.

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Eni, A. O., P. Lava Kumar, R. Asiedu, O. J. Alabi, R. A. Naidu, Jd'A Hughes, and M. E. C. Rey. "First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus in Yams (Dioscorea spp.) in Ghana, Togo, and Republic of Benin in West Africa." Plant Disease 92, no. 5 (May 2008): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-5-0833b.

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Yam (Dioscorea spp., family Dioscoreaceae) is one of the most important food crops cultivated in the West African yam zone comprising the forest and savannah areas of Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Republic of Benin, and Togo, which account for more than 90% of the 4.59 million ha of yam cultivation worldwide (1). A survey was conducted in 2005 to document viruses in yams in Ghana, Togo, and the Republic of Benin. Samples (1,405) from five species of yam showing mosaic, chlorosis, and stunting as well as asymptomatic plants were tested for Dioscorea bacilliform virus (DBV, genus Badnavirus), Yam mosaic virus (YMV, genus Potyvirus), and Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV, genus Potyvirus), the three most common viruses infecting yams. In addition, samples were tested for Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), since CMV was previously reported to infect yams in Côte d'Ivoire (2) and Nigeria (3). In protein-A sandwich-ELISA with polyclonal antibodies to a cowpea isolate of CMV, 23 of the 1,405 samples (6 of 218 samples from Togo, 13 of 628 samples from Ghana, and 4 of 559 samples from Republic of Benin) tested positive for CMV. The CMV-positive samples were from D. alata (N = 16) and D. rotundata (N = 7), whereas all samples from D. cayenensis, D. dumetorum, and D. bulbifera tested negative. CMV was detected as mixed infections with DBV, YMV, or YMMV in 21 of 23 samples. Some of these samples showed puckering, chlorosis, mottling, and crinkling, whereas some plants infected by two or more viruses were asymptomatic. Only two samples from D. rotundata had a single infection of CMV and they showed mild chlorotic symptoms in young leaves that were inconspicuous in mature leaves. In sap inoculations, the virus induced systemic mosaic in Nicotiana glutinosa. The presence of CMV in ELISA-positive yam samples was further confirmed by immunocapture-reverse transcription (IC-RT)-PCR using CMV antibodies as trapping antibody and oligonucleotide primers specific for a 485 nt corresponding to 3′ end of the coat protein gene and C-terminal noncoding region of RNA-3 (4). To confirm the specificity of IC-RT-PCR, the 485-bp amplicons from an isolate from the Republic of Benin was cloned into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and three independent clones were sequenced from both orientations. Pairwise comparison of a consensus sequence (Accession No. EU274471) with corresponding sequences of other CMV isolates deposited in GenBank showed 99% identity at the nucleotide sequence level (Accession No. U22821) and revealed that the CMV isolate from yam belongs to sub-Group IA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV infection in yams (D. alata and D. rotundata) in Ghana, Togo, and the Republic of Benin. Together with a previous documentation of CMV in D. alata and D. trifida in Côte d'Ivoire and Nigeria (2,3), this report adds to existing knowledge on distribution of CMV in yams with implications for yam production and germplasm distribution in the West Africa Region. References: (1) FAO. Online publication. FAOSTAT, 2007. (2) C. Fauquet and J. C. Thouvenel. Plant Viral Diseases in the Ivory Coast. ORSTROM: Documentation Techniques. Paris, 1987. (3) Jd'A. Hughes et al. Phytopathology 87:S45, 1997. (4) S. Wylie et al. Aus. J. Agric. Res. 44:41, 1993.

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Khalaim, A. I. "New records of Afrotropical Tersilochinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." Zoosystematica Rossica 28, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2019.28.2.267.

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A new data on distribution of 19 species of Tersilochinae (Ichneumonidae) belonging to the genera Allophrys Förster (four species), Aneuclis Förster (five spp.), Diaparsis Förster (eight spp.) and Tersilochus Holmgren (two spp.) in the Afrotropical Region are provided. Tersilochus abyssinicus Khalaim, 2006, syn. nov. is synonymised with T. moestus Holmgren, 1868. The subfamily Tersilochinae is recorded from Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zambia and Yemen for the first time.

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Agounké, D., U. Agricola, and H. A. Bokonon-Ganta. "Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a serious exotic pest of fruit trees and other plants in West Africa." Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, no. 4 (December 1988): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300015558.

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AbstractRastrococcus invadens Williams has been the most important polyphagous pest of horticultural crops since 1982 in some West African countries. It originated in South-East Asia and was probably introduced on infested plant material. The pest has been reported up to 150 km north of the coast of Benin and 500 km north from the coast in Togo. Although the species is polyphagous, mango, citrus, breadfruit, banana, frangipani (Plumeria alba) and species of Ficus are among the most attacked hosts. Several indigenous natural enemies were identified, but their ability to regulate the populations of R. invadens is very low. The most important among the predators were the coccinellids Chilocorus nigrita (F.), Exochomus promtus Weise and E. troberti Mulsant and the lycaenids Spalgis spp. In Togo, an indigenous parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. ?nr aurantifrons Compere, has become adapted to the pest.

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Souley, Issaka, Bachabi Louisiane, Naroua Illiassou, Basso Adamou, Souley Mariama Abdoulaye M, and Sere Yacouba. "Serological, molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) isolates collected in Southern-Benin." International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS) 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2021.08.06.025.

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The rice yellow mottle is the best known viral disease of rice in Africa. It causes significant economic losses in farmer’s fields. The serological properties of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) isolates, collected in Southern Benin, were assessed by immunological tests with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (Pabs and MAbs). The isolates CP (Capsid protein) portions, obtained by RT-PCR, were sequenced and their amino-acids sequences were analyzed and used for phylogenetic analysis. Three different RYMV pathogenic groups, including three resistance breaking (RB) isolates (Be20, Be21 and Be27) which over came allele rymv1-5gene, were identified. Two serotypes Ser1/strain S1 and Ser2/ strain S2 were also distinguished. The molecular properties of the isolates CP gene and the phylogenetic characteristics indicated that the Southern Benin RYMV strain is heterogeneous. The strain S1-Benin linked to the West Central African lineage(S1-WCA) is related to strain from Togo and Niger, whereas, the strain S2 Benin is the stumps of the West African lineage (S1-WA) and is related to Mali, Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast RYMV strains. These results reported the virus pathogenicity level and showed the relationships between RYMV strains in all Dahomey gap countries and in West and Central Africa. Keywords: serotypes, RYMV strains, RB isolates and phylogenetic analysis

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Mathauer, Inke, Kira Koch, Samuel Zita, Alex Murray-Zmijewski, Mariam Traore, Nathalie Bitho, and Nouria Brikci. "Revenue-raising potential for universal health coverage in Benin, Mali, Mozambique and Togo." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 97, no. 9 (July 4, 2019): 620–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.18.222638.

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Morency-Laflamme, Julien. "A question of trust: military defection during regime crises in Benin and Togo." Democratization 25, no. 3 (September 21, 2017): 464–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2017.1375474.

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LOVEJOY, PAUL E. "The Frontier States of Western Yorubaland, 1600–1889. By BIODUN ADEDIRAN. Ibadan: Institut Français de Recherche en Afrique, 1994. Pp. x + 248. No price given (ISBN 978-2015-25-3)." Journal of African History 38, no. 1 (March 1997): 123–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185379648690x.

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The identification of the various sub-groups of the Yoruba offers a challenge to historians, particularly since large numbers of Yoruba-speaking people were deported into the African diaspora. In this contribution to Yoruba historiography, Adediran analyses the history of the western Yoruba sub-groups, especially those resident in République du Benin and also in Togo. This study expands upon Adediran's Ph.D. thesis (Awolowo University, 1980) and is based on oral traditions and archival materials, as well as an excellent grasp of the published literature.

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Montgomery, Eric James. "Vodún/Vodu, Resistance, and North/South Relations in Undemocratic Togo." Journal of Religion in Africa 50, no. 3-4 (November 5, 2021): 224–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12340190.

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Abstract Vodún/Vodu have long served as a “way of life” and ontology for making sense of the world along the Bight of Benin, and in the Caribbean and Atlantic world where many slaves were brought. In Togo, the core ethnic groups, the Ewes, continue to turn inward toward Vodún/Vodu traditions as mechanisms of resistance against an autocratic and despotic rule of a northern regime. While the north remains underdeveloped regarding education, economics, and health care delivery—the majority southern Ewes remain locked out of a political process run by the Eyadema regime, who regularly cite north/south conflict as a justification for absolute one-party rule over all of Togo. Vodun/Vodu become motors of modernity through creative assimilation and adaptation to the most pressing geopolitical concerns of the day. This paper assesses the relationship between Vodun/Vodu and contemporary Togolese politics, and its resistance to state-sponsored terror and autocracy.

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VERLOOVE, FILIP, ATTILA MESTERHÁZY, and JANE BROWNING. "Studies in Schoenoplectiella (Cyperaceae) in tropical West Africa." Phytotaxa 283, no. 1 (November 2, 2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.283.1.8.

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Schoenoplectiella patentiglumis, a species described from Natal (South Africa) and previously known from Mozambique and Zimbabwe only, is reported for the first time from tropical West Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso and Nigeria) where it has been confused with S. articulata. Schoenoplectiella raynaliana, a rare species only known from the type locality in Togo, is shown to be morphologically conspecific with the widespread African species S. proxima. These findings are the result of examining, measuring, photographing, making notes and illustrations from numerous collections of S. patentiglumis and S. proxima in several different herbaria.

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41

Guran, Milton. "Identidade Agudá espelhada no tempo: fotografia como instrumento de pesquisa social - um relato de experiência." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 9, no. 2 (August 2014): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-81222014000200016.

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O texto apresenta um relato de experiência de pesquisa antropológica realizada nas Repúblicas do Benin e do Togo, em dois momentos (1996 e 2010), sobre a construção da identidade agudá. Enfatiza-se o papel da fotografia como plataforma privilegiada de observação e de registro de fenômenos sociais visualmente relevantes, que apoia a produção de conhecimento cientificamente controlado sobre as sociedades fotografadas. Analisa-se em perspectiva temporal três pares de imagens fotográficas produzidas nos dois tempos da pesquisa de campo, para se evidenciar os processos de atualização das tradições e dos marcadores identitários da comunidade agudá.

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Schuh, Russell G. "Avatime noun classes and concord." Studies in African Linguistics 24, no. 2 (June 15, 1995): 123–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v24i2.107407.

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Avatime is one of 14 "Central-Togo" (or "Togo Remnant") languages, spoken in Ghana, Togo, and Benin. These languages differ from their nearest Kwa group relatives in that they have active systems of noun classes and concord. Avatime has 13 noun classes, each with a distinct nominal prefix. Prefixes (as well as most other affixes) agree in [ATR] vowel harmony with the host noun root. Some classes impose invariable low tone on the prefix while prefix tone of other classes may be any of three lexically determined tones. Definiteness is marked by a set of suffixes. The ultimate segmental shapes and tones of these suffixes depend on the interaction of the respective class prefix shapes and coalescence phenomena with stem final vowels. There are correlations between noun class and nominal semantics, and nominal derivation is done in part through class choice. A number of attributive modifiers show class concord with the head noun. In the variety of Avatime studied here, such concord is only though vocalic prefixes on attributive modifiers, not by full CV prefixes as is typical of Bantu languages. Some attributives also have "tonal concord", which is not class concord per se, but refers to the tone of the head noun's prefix. Not all attributive modifiers have overt concord marking.

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43

Malibida Kpanzou, Sarakawa Abalo, Gnanwasou Alayi, Yao Agbossoumondé, Mahaman Sani Tairou, José María González-Jiménez, and Antonio Garcia-Casco. "Petrographic and Geochemical Characteristics of the Djabatoure Massif Metamagmatites from the Pan-African Orogen in Central Togo, West Africa." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, no. 24 (August 31, 2023): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n24p198.

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The Dahomeyide orogen, in Togo and adjoining parts of southeast Ghana and Benin, represents the suture of West Africa Craton (WAC) into northwest Gondwana. The suture zone corresponds to a narrow and lithologically diverse area with high pressure granulite complexes. The Djabatoure massif, located in the central part of Togo, belongs to the suture zone. The aim of this paper is to present the petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the Djabatoure massif in order to better understand the geodynamic evolution of the Dahomeyide belt in Togo. The methodology implemented is based on a synthesis of previous works, a petrographic study of 20 thin sections, and a geochemical study through discrimination diagrams of 15 rock samples. Results show that the Djabatoure massif is composed of granulites, pyroxenites, amphibolites, talcschists and gneisses. These rocks were equilibrated under granulite facies conditions and subsequently partially retrogressed to the amphibolite facies. The Djabatoure massif rocks also display tholeiitic affinity, enriched LREE, and negative anomalies in Nb, Zr and Ti; all these characteristics indicate subduction zone magmtism. These features are consistent with protoliths of tholeiites, N-MORB, and volcanic arc basalts affinities. The Djabatoure massif rocks were emplaced in an oceanic environment and likely originated from a metasomatized mantle.

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Mawuena, Medewou, Patrice Chetangny, Jacques Aredjodoun, Didier Chamagne, Gerald Barbier, Sossou Houndedako, and Antoine Vianou. "Load Flow Study of Togo and Benin Transmission Power Network by the Newton-Raphson Method." Advanced Engineering Forum 44 (January 17, 2022): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.44.49.

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Within the framework of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries power networks interconnection project carried by the West African Power Pool (WAPP), operating guidelines have been defined by WAPP and ECOWAS Regional Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERERA) to ensure efficient operation of the interconnected network. Each operator is obliged to comply with these directives to guarantee the stability and reliability of energy supply to ECOWAS countries. The purpose of this paper is to carry out the study of the power flow on the existing Togo and Benin power transmission network and to propose solutions for compliance with the requirements relating to the voltage level required on the interconnection lines or at connection points with neighboring power network operators. The dynamic stability of generators will also be studied to assess the behavior of the network during major disturbances. CEB (Communauté Electrique du Bénin in french) is the power transmission network operator of the Republic of Togo and the Republic of Benin. After the inventory of CEB transmission and production infrastructure and the consumption report, the model of CEB power network is produced as well as the single-line diagram. The power flow calculation is performed with the Newton-Raphson algorithm and the node voltages were calculated using the Cyme software. From the voltage values obtained at the various nodes and depending on the behavior of each generator, solutions are proposed to improve the voltage plan of the power network in accordance with the recommendations of the Regulatory Authority.

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ZOSSOU, ESPÉRANCE, AMINOU AROUNA, ALIOU DIAGNE, and RITA AFIAVI AGBOH-NOAMESHIE. "GENDER GAP IN ACQUISITION AND PRACTICE OF AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE: CASE STUDY OF RICE FARMING IN WEST AFRICA." Experimental Agriculture 53, no. 4 (October 19, 2016): 566–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000582.

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SUMMARYImproving farmers’ knowledge of new technologies and creating conducive learning opportunities, with particular attention to the marginalized poor (women and youth), are major factors in the move towards sustainable agriculture. To explore the gender gap in agricultural knowledge acquisition and adoption in West Africa, we used baseline data collected in 2013 and 2014 in five countries (Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Nigeria and Togo) with 499 surveyed households. The t-test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for analysis. The most quoted source for acquiring knowledge on rice farming methods was ‘other farmers’, showing the importance of social capital for rural African farmers. In Benin, a gender gap was noted in rice farmers’ access to agricultural knowledge sources, with women being more advantaged. In Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Nigeria and Togo, no significant gender gap was observed in rice farmers’ access to agricultural knowledge sources. Regarding the level of knowledge and use of rice farming methods in Côte d'Ivoire and Niger, significant gender gaps were observed. The gender approach to rural development is having impact in West Africa with regard to farmers’ access to agricultural information. However, interactive rural learning approaches (such as farmer-to-farmer video) need to be resorted to make the technologies’ principles well known and improve the ability of marginalized poor to adopt and or innovate with local or limited resources. This study leads to a better understanding of the relationship between gender, knowledge and use of agricultural technologies in order to enhance marginalized farmers’ adoption of improved innovations.

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Rossi, Georges. "L'impact des barrages de la vallée du Mono (Togo-Benin). La gestion de l'incertitude." Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement 2, no. 2 (1996): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/morfo.1996.878.

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YIN, Manlin. "Attributes, Motivations and Satisfaction of Students at the Confucius Institutes in Togo and Benin:." Journal of African Studies 2014, no. 84 (2014): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11619/africa.2014.84_45.

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CHEKE, R. A., R. GARMS, J. OUEDRAOGO, A. SOMÉ, and S. SOWAH. "The Beffa form of Simulium soubrense of the S.damnosum complex in Togo and Benin." Medical and Veterinary Entomology 1, no. 1 (January 1987): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1987.tb00320.x.

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El-Hadj Tidjani, M., P. Affaton, P. Louis, and A. Socohou. "Gravity characteristics of the Pan-African Orogen in Ghana, Togo and Benin (west Africa)." Journal of African Earth Sciences 24, no. 3 (April 1997): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00041-9.

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Ajibade, A. C., and J. B. Wright. "The Togo-Benin-Nigeria Shield: evidence of crustal aggregation in the Pan-African belt." Tectonophysics 165, no. 1-4 (August 1989): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(89)90041-3.

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