Journal articles: 'AISI 304 USTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL'

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Habib, K. A., M. S. Damra, J. J. Saura, I. Cervera, and J. Bellés. "Breakdown and Evolution of the Protective Oxide Scales of AISI 304 and AISI 316 Stainless Steels under High-Temperature Oxidation." International Journal of Corrosion 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/824676.

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The failure of the protective oxide scales of AISI 304 and AISI 316 stainless steels has been studied and compared at 1,000°C in synthetic air. First, the isothermal thermogravimetric curves of both stainless steels were plotted to determine the time needed to reach the breakdown point. The different resistance of each stainless steel was interpreted on the basis of the nature of the crystalline phases formed, the morphology, and the surface structure as well as the cross-section structure of the oxidation products. The weight gain of AISI 304 stainless steel was about 8 times greater than that of AISI 316 stainless steel, and AISI 316 stainless steel reached the breakdown point about 40 times more slowly than AISI 304 stainless steel. In both stainless steels, reaching the breakdown point meant the loss of the protective oxide scale of Cr2O3, but whereas in AISI 304 stainless steel the Cr2O3scale totally disappeared and exclusively Fe2O3was formed, in AISI 316 stainless steel some Cr2O3persisted and Fe3O4was mainly formed, which means that AISI 316 stainless steel is more resistant to oxidation after the breakdown.

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Burkov, Alexander, and Valeria Krutikova. "Deposition of titanium silicide on stainless steel AISI 304 surface." Metal Working and Material Science 24, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2022-24.4-127-137.

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Introduction. Metal-ceramic coatings based on titanium silicide are promising for protecting stainless steel AISI 304 from wear, corrosion and high-temperature oxidation. Purpose of the work: to investigate the stainless steel AISI 304 surface layer structure after electrospark deposition in a mixture of titanium granules with silicon powder, and to study oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and tribotechnical properties of the obtained coatings. Research methodology. Fe-Ti-Si coatings on the stainless steel AISI 304 samples were obtained by electrospark machining with a non-localized electrode consisting of titanium granules and 2.6-6 vol.% mixture of titanium and crystalline silicon powders. Results and discussion: it is shown that a stable positive gain of the cathode is observed when the proportion of silicon in the powder mixture does not exceed 32 vol.%. The phase composition of the coatings includes: a solid solution of chromium in iron, titanium silicide Ti5Si3, titanium and silicon, which is confirmed by the energy dispersion analysis data. The microhardness of Fe-Ti-Si coatings ranges from 10.05 to 12.86 GPa, which is 5-6 times higher than that of uncoated steel AISI 304. The coefficient of friction of the coatings is about 20% lower compared to steel AISI 304 and hovers around 0.71-0.73. Wear tests in dry sliding mode show that Fe-Ti-Si coatings can increase the wear resistance of steel AISI 304 up to 6 times. The oxidation resistance of the coatings at a temperature of 900 ̊С is 7-12 times higher as compared to steel AISI 304. The conducted studies have shown that new electrospark Fe-Ti-Si coatings can increase corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, microhardness, as well as reduce the coefficient of friction and wear rate of the stainless steel AISI 304 surface.

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Furkan, Furkan, Akhyar Ibrahim, and Azwar Azwar. "PENGARUH TEMPERATUR CRYOGENIC TERHADAP KETANGGUHAN IMPACT SAMBUNGAN PENGELASAN STAINLESS STEEL AISI 304." Jurnal Mesin Sains Terapan 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jmst.v4i1.1745.

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Seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi telah dihasilkan pada baja dengan berbagai jenis sesuai dengan fungsi dan tujuan pemakaian. Salah satunya adalah baja tahan karat austenitic AISI 304 umumnya digunakan untuk memproduksi tangki kargo gas alam cair (LNG) karena kinerjanya yang lebih tinggi di lingkungan yang sangat rendah dan tahan terhadap korosi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Mengetahui pengaruh temperatur cryogenic terhadap ketangguhan impact daerah HAZ, daerah weld metal, dan daerah Fusion Line Baja tahan karat AISI 304, melakukan analisa fraktografi pada permukaan patahan. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperature cryogenic terhadap ketangguhan impact sambungan pengelasan stainless stell AISI 304, dimulai dari mempersiapkan alat dan bahan, proses pengelasan, pengujian impact charpy dan analisa patahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil nilai rata-rata pengujian impact tertinggi terdapat pada temperatur ruangan di daerah HAZ yaitu 3,71 joule/mm2 dan hasil nilai pengujian impact terendah terdapat pada temperatur cryogenic di daerah weld metal yaitu 0,69 joule/mm2. Pengujian impact pada temperatur cryogenic didapatkan hasil nilai pengujian impact terendah dibandingkan dengan nilai hasil pengujian impact temperatur ruangan. Spesimen di daerah HAZ, fusion line, dan weld metal, pada temperatur cryogenic mengalami bentuk perpatahan getas. Maka dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa, berdasarkan hasil pengujian impact material stainless steel aisi 304 temperatur cryogenic dan temperatur ruangan, terlihat jelas bahwa kekuatan beban kejut material stainless steel AISI 304 pada pengujian temperatur cryogenic menurun di daerah HAZ, fusion line, dan weld metal dibandingkan dengan kekuatan beban kejut material stainless steel AISI 304 pada temperatur ruangan.Kata Kunci : Stainless Steel AISI 304, Temperature Cryogenic, Pengelasan SMAW, Impact Charpy, Analisa Patahan.

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Yürük, A. "Investigation of Friction Welding Properties of Steels with Different Chemical and Mechanical Properties Used in the Oil and Gas Industry." Practical Metallography 60, no. 8 (July 30, 2023): 488–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-2022-1023.

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Abstract Steels with different mechanical and chemical properties are used together in the oil and gas industry. In this case, it has brought about the necessity of joining steels with different properties by welding. Most of the time, there are problems in welding these steels with different chemical properties. Therefore, in this study, AISI 304 stainless steel, AISI 4140 tempered steel, and S235JR structural steel with different chemical and mechanical properties used in the oil and gas industry were joined by friction welding. Then, macro and microstructure studies as well as hardness measurements, tensile tests, and torsion tests were applied to the produced samples. As a result of the micro-structure studies, it was observed that the martensitic structure was formed in the full deformation region of the joint made of AISI 304 stainless and AISI 4140 tempered steel, while it was determined that the other joints were formed of recrystallized fine grains in the full deformation region with the effect of friction. When the hardness measurement results were examined, it was determined that the hardest region was the full deformation region in all welded joints produced. As a result of the tensile tests, the highest tensile strength obtained was 622.94 N/mm2 in the joint made of AISI 304 stainless steel and AISI 4140 tempered steel. As a result of the torsion tests, the highest torsion moment was measured as 250 Nm in the sample produced from AISI 304 stainless steel and AISI 4140 tempered steel.

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Mulyana, Deni, Ilham Azmy, Alvaro Gabrian, Rudy Yuni Widiatmoko, and Petrus Londa. "OPTIMASI PARAMETER PEMOTONGAN CNC WET MILLING TERHADAP KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN STAINLESS STEEL AISI 304." Steam Engineering 4, no. 1 (September 21, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37304/jptm.v4i1.5269.

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Optimization of CNC wet milling cutting parameters for stainless steel AISI 304 was successfully attempted by using Taguchi method (S/N ratio and ANOVA). L9 orthogonal array is utilized for designing the experiments with 3 levels of spindle speeds and feed rates with an increment depth of cut. The effect of cutting parameters on surface roughness was examined. According to S/N ratio’s response table, the result obtained for spindle speed fervently indicates that spindle speed is the most pivotal factor for impacting the surface roughness than feed rate for stainless steel AISI 304. ANOVA results depicted that the contribution percentage of spindle speed for surface roughness is higher than feed. Optimum values of cutting parameters were endowed at a spindle speed of 3184 rpm and a feed rate of 1528,4 mm/min. The experimental values at optimum cutting condition were compared with predicted values and it reveals a significant congruity with the experimental results with a low error percentage. Therefore, this experiment aims to develop the productivity and quality of CNC milling operations for stainless steel AISI 304. In addition, number of studies for cutting parameter optimization stainless steel AISI 304 was not barely done yet. Hereafter, more investigations still needed to optimize the cutting parameters of this stainless steel AISI 304 for various machining operations specifically on CNC milling process.

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Safari, Mehdi, Hossein Mostaan, and Abdoreza Ghaderi. "Dissimilar resistance spot welding of AISI 304 to AISI 409 stainless steels: mechanical properties and microstructural evolutions." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 6 (2018): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018057.

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In this work, dissimilar resistance spot welding of austenitic stainless steel sheet (304 grade) and ferritic stainless steel sheet (409 grade) is studied experimentally. For this purpose, the effects of process parameters such as welding current, welding time and electrode force on tensile-shear strength of resistance spot welded joints are investigated with response surface methodology (RSM). Also, microstructural evolutions during resistance spot welding process of AISI 409 and AISI 304 stainless steels are evaluated by optical microscopy. It is concluded from results that the tensile-shear strength of spot welds is increased with increasing the welding current, welding time and electrode force. It is shown that widmanstatten ferrites have been grown in the weld metal of dissimilar resistance spot welds of AISI 304 and AISI 409 stainless steels.

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Costa, M. T., M. A. Lenza, C. S. Gosch, I. Costa, and F. Ribeiro-Dias. "In vitro Evaluation of Corrosion and Cytotoxicity of Orthodontic Brackets." Journal of Dental Research 86, no. 5 (May 2007): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910708600510.

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The corrosion resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel (AISI 304 SS) and manganese stainless steel (low-nickel SS) brackets in artificial saliva was investigated. The cytotoxic effects of their corrosion products on L929 cell culture were compared by two assays, crystal violet, to evaluate cell viability, and MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), for cell metabolism and proliferation. The atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis of the corrosion products demonstrated that nickel and manganese ion concentrations were higher for the AISI 304 SS-bracket immersion solution as compared with the low-nickel SS brackets. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy demonstrated less corrosion resistance for the AISI 304 SS brackets. Although none of the bracket extracts altered L929 cell viability or morphology, the AISI 304 SS-bracket extracts decreased cellular metabolism slightly. The results indicated that the low-nickel SS presents better in vitro biocompatibility than AISI 304 SS brackets. Abbreviations used: AISI, American Iron and Steel Institute; EDS, energy-dispersive spectroscopy; OD, optical density; ISO, International Organization for Standardization; MTT, (3-{4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NiSO4, nickel sulfate; SEM, standard error of the mean; WHO, World Health Organization; and TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

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Pańcikiewicz, Krzysztof, Aleksandra Świerczyńska, Paulina Hućko, and Marek Tumidajewicz. "Laser Dissimilar Welding of AISI 430F and AISI 304 Stainless Steels." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 4540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204540.

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A dissimilar autogenous laser welded joint of AISI 430F (X12CrMoS17) martensitic stainless steel and AISI 304 (X5CrNi18-10) austenitic stainless steel was manufactured. The welded joint was examined by non-destructive visual testing and destructive testing by macro- and microscopic examination and hardness measurements. With reference to the ISO 13919-1 standard the welded joint was characterized by C level, due to the gas pores detected. Microscopic observations of AISI 430F steel revealed a mixture of ferrite and carbides with many type II sulfide inclusions. Detailed analysis showed that they were Cr-rich manganese sulfides. AISI 304 steel was characterized by the expected austenitic microstructure with banded δ-ferrite. Martensitic microstructure with fine, globular sulfide inclusions was observed in the weld metal. The hardness in the heat-affected zone was increased in the martensitic steel in relation to the base metal and decreased in the austenitic steel. The hardness range in the weld metal, caused by chemical inhomogeneity, was 184–416 HV0.3.

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Khdir, Younis K., Salim A. Kako, and Ramadhan H. Gardi. "Study of Welding Dissimilar Metals – Low-carbon Steel AISI 1018 and Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 304." Polytechnic Journal 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v10n1y2020.pp1-5.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of different heat inputs on mechanical properties and microstructure of dissimilar electrical arc welded austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 and low-carbon steel (CS) joints. The mechanical properties of welded austenitic stainless steel type AISI 304 and low-CS are studied. Five different heat inputs 0.5, 0.9, 1.41, 2, and 2.5 KJ/min were applied to investigate the microstructure of the welded zone and mechanical properties. The results showed that the efficiency of the joints and tensile strength increased with increasing heat inputs, while excess heat input reduces the efficiency. Furthermore, changes in microstructure with excess heat input cause failure at the heat-affected zone.

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Lopez, Juan Manuel Salgado, María Inés Alvarado, Hector Vergara Hernandez, José Trinidad Perez Quiroz, and Luis Olmos. "Failure of Stainless Steel Welds Due to Microstructural Damage Prevented by In Situ Metallography." Soldagem & Inspeção 21, no. 2 (June 2016): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-9224/si2102.03.

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Abstract In stainless steels, microstructural damage is caused by precipitation of chromium carbides or sigma phase. These microconstituents are detrimental in stainless steel welds because they lead to weld decay. Nevertheless, they are prone to appear in the heat affected zone (HAZ) microstructure of stainless steel welds. This is particularly important for repairs of industrial components made of austenitic stainless steel. Non-destructive metallography can be applied in welding repairs of AISI 304 stainless steel components where it is difficult to ensure that no detrimental phase is present in the HAZ microstructure. The need of microstructural inspection in repairs of AISI 304 is caused because it is not possible to manufacture coupons for destructive metallography, with which the microstructure can be analyzed. In this work, it is proposed to apply in situ metallography as non-destructive testing in order to identify microstructural damage in the microstructure of AISI 304 stainless steel welds. The results of this study showed that the external surface micrographs of the weldment are representative of HAZ microstructure of the stainless steel component; because they show the presence of precipitated metallic carbides in the grain boundaries or sigma phase in the microstructure of the HAZ.

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Chuaiphan, Wichan, Chandra Ambhorn Somrerk, Satian Niltawach, and Banleng Sornil. "Dissimilar Welding between AISI 304 Stainless Steel and AISI 1020 Carbon Steel Plates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.283.

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Abstract. This work studied the feasibility of dissimilar welding between AISI 304 stainless steel and AISI 1020 carbon steel plates with the thickness of 15 mm. The processes applied in this work were gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and shield metal arc welding (SMAW). Microstructure of weld metal produced by GTAW consists of delta ferrite network in austenite matrix, while the dendrite of delta ferrite finely distributed in austenite matrix was found in the weld produced by SMAW. Hardness values of weld metals produced using these two techniques were superior to those of stainless steel and carbon steel base metals respectively. Weld metals produced by these two processes were qualified under tension and bending. This was justified by the result that the failed part after transverse tensile test was on carbon steel, and no crack was found in weld metal after U-shape bending. Impact test exhibited higher toughness of weld metal produced by GTAW than that produced by SMAW. This might be from microstructure of the former weld as network of delta ferrite in austenite matrix which might help absorb impact energy. Pitting corrosion potential of weld metal produced by GTAW was higher than that produced by SMAW and stainless steel base metal respectively. In the aspect of mechanical and corrosion properties of the weld, GTAW was considered as a promising process that could be used for dissimilar welding between these two metals.

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Barbosa, Lusinete Pereira, Olandir Vercino Correa, N. Karsokas Filho, and Isolda Costa. "Corrosion Characterization of AISI 304 Stainless Steel Filter." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.489.

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Pre-sintering for removal of lubricants is one of the most important steps in processing of powder metallurgy materials to achieve corrosion resistance. This is often the most neglected step in the sintering process. Incomplete removal of these organic compounds may result in sensitization of sintered parts. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of lubricant removal process on the corrosion resistance of sintered AISI 304 L stainless steel filters. Pre-sintering was carried out at 450° C and sintering at 1150° C. As lubricant, 1% wax was used. The corrosion resistance of sintered samples was evaluated by polarization and tests, optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that lubricant removal was not complete and during sintering sensitization of the stainless steel occurred decreasing the localized corrosion resistance of the stainless steel.

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Joska, Zdenek, Jaromir Kadlec, Vojtěch Hruby, Zbynek Studeny, and Tomas Binar. "Characteristics of Duplex Treated AISI 304 Stainless Steel." Key Engineering Materials 592-593 (November 2013): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.592-593.437.

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The duplex treatment consisted of a plasma nitriding at 470 °C for 4 h and subsequent coating with TiN layer was applied on AISI 304L stainless steel. The article is concerned to a study of the chemical composition and mechanical properties of duplex system. GDOES method, laser confocal microscopy, nanohardness and indentation test were employed to characterize the chemical composition, depth profiles, surface morphology, hardness, adhesion. The results show that the duplex surface system possesses a desirable combination of properties especially hardness. Adhesion of PVD coating was increased on nitrided surface.

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Torkar, Matjaž, Irena Paulin, and Bojan Podgornik. "Degradation of an AISI 304 stainless-steel tank." Materiali in tehnologije 50, no. 3 (June 17, 2016): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17222/mit.2016.027.

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Camps, E., S. Muhl, S. Romero, and J. L. Garcı́a. "Microwave plasma nitrided austenitic AISI-304 stainless steel." Surface and Coatings Technology 106, no. 2-3 (August 1998): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(98)00500-3.

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Kim, Sung-Il, and Yeon-Chul Yoo. "Dynamic recrystallization behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel." Materials Science and Engineering: A 311, no. 1-2 (July 2001): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(01)00917-0.

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Kumar, B. Ravi, A. K. Singh, Samar Das, and D. K. Bhattacharya. "Cold rolling texture in AISI 304 stainless steel." Materials Science and Engineering: A 364, no. 1-2 (January 2004): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2003.08.012.

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Fuller, R. W., J. Q. Ehrgott, W. F. Heard, S. D. Robert, R. D. Stinson, K. Solanki, and M. F. Horstemeyer. "Failure analysis of AISI 304 stainless steel shaft." Engineering Failure Analysis 15, no. 7 (October 2008): 835–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2007.11.001.

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Monteiro, Waldemar Alfredo, Silvio Andre Lima Pereira, and Jan Vatavuk. "Nitriding Process Characterization of Cold Worked AISI 304 and 316 Austenitic Stainless Steels." Journal of Metallurgy 2017 (January 18, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1052706.

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The nitriding behavior of austenitic stainless steels (AISI 304 and 316) was studied by different cold work degree (0% (after heat treated), 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) before nitride processing. The microstructure, layer thickness, hardness, and chemical microcomposition were evaluated employing optical microscopy, Vickers hardness, and scanning electron microscopy techniques (WDS microanalysis). The initial cold work (previous plastic deformations) in both AISI 304 and 306 austenitic stainless steels does not show special influence in all applied nitriding kinetics (in layer thicknesses). The nitriding processes have formed two layers, one external layer formed by expanded austenite with high nitrogen content, followed by another thinner layer just below formed by expanded austenite with a high presence of carbon (back diffusion). An enhanced diffusion can be observed on AISI 304 steel comparing with AISI 316 steel (a nitrided layer thicker can be noticed in the AISI 304 steel). The mechanical strength of both steels after nitriding processes reveals significant hardness values, almost 1100 HV, on the nitrided layers.

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Cárcel-Carrasco, Francisco-Javier, Manuel Pascual-Guillamón, Lorenzo Solano García, Fidel Salas Vicente, and Miguel-Angel Pérez-Puig. "Pitting Corrosion in AISI 304 Rolled Stainless Steel Welding at Different Deformation Levels." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 9, 2019): 3265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163265.

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This paper analyzes pitting corrosion at the weld zone and at the heat affected zone (HAZ) in AISI 304 rolled stainless steel welds. As the aforementioned material is one of the most frequently used types of stainless steel, it is needful to be aware of the mechanisms that lead to its deterioration, like corrosion, since it can cause failures or malfunction in a wide variety of products and facilities. For the experimental tests 1.5 mm thick AISI 304 stainless steel plates were welded and rolled to different thicknesses and after, the samples were subjected to mechanical and corrosion tests and to a micrograph study. Deformation stresses and other intrinsic metallurgic and physic-chemical transformations that occur during cold rolling and welding, and that are key factors in the anti-corrosion behavior of AISI 304 rolled stainless steel, have been observed and analyzed. A correlation has been found between cold work levels in test samples and number of pits after corrosion tests.

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Júnior, Francisco Alves de Lima, Ricardo Artur Sanguinetti Ferreira, and Rômulo Rocha de Araújo Lima. "Study for Performance Increase of a Extractor Device by Steel Replacement of AISI 304 Steel for AISI 420 Steel." Materials 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010280.

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The performance of an extractor device used in the food industry was studied from the development of structural analysis through computational modeling based on finite elements. These analyses considered the mechanical properties of AISI 304 and 420 stainless steels, in addition to the tribological aspects of the device in operation. Initially, uniaxial tensile tests were carried out according to the ABNT NBR 6892 standard and hardness tests were carried out according to ASTM E384, E92, and E18 standards. From the mechanical tests, structural analyses were carried out numerically on each of the components of the extractor device. After analyzing all the components, the device was assembled to be tested in operation. The wear and service life of devices made from these two materials were evaluated. From this study, it could be concluded that the extractor device made with AISI 420 stainless steel, in addition to having a lower manufacturing cost, suffered less wear and had an increase in service life of up to 650% compared to the extractor device made with steel stainless steel AISI 304.

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Lal, Roop, Mohd Shuaib, and Vikal Paliwal. "Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties of TIG Welded Joints of Similar and Dissimilar Grades of Stainless Steel Material." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 6, no. 3 (2018): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.631815.

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This paper discuss and experimentally analyse the mechanical properties of TIG welded joints of similar and dissimilar grades of stainless steel and to find out the best joint. In this study. Different combinations from samples of AISI 304 and AISI 316 are welded under standard conditions by using Tungsten Inert Gas welding (TIG Welding) technique,.. The welded joints were tested for Tensile strength, Hardness and toughness and best combination is pointed out. The three combinations analysed were AISI 304-304, AISI 316-316 and AISI 304-316. It was found that the tensile strength and toughness of AISI 304-304 combination was highest and maximum hardness is observed in AISI 304-316 combination. The results indicate that there is not a single combination which excels in all tests.

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Kurc-Lisiecka, A., and A. Lisiecki. "Laser welding of stainless steel." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 1, no. 98 (January 1, 2020): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0815.

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Purpose: of this paper was to analyze the influence of the basic parameters of laser welding (i.e. laser beam power and welding speed, as well as energy input) of butt joints of the 2.0 mm thick stainless steel AISI 304 sheets on the weld shape and joint quality. Design/methodology/approach: The preliminary trials of simulated laser welding by melting the austenitic stainless steel sheets (the so called bead-on-plate welding), as well as the welding of the test butt joints, were carried out using the high-power diode laser (HPDL) ROFIN DL 020, without the additional material (the technique of autogenous welding). A crucial parameter that determines both the mechanical properties and the corrosive resistance of a joint (the region of a weld and HAZ - heat affected zone) in the case of stainless steels with austenitic structure is energy input, which should be kept at a minimum, and at the same time full penetration and a proper shape of the fusion zone should be ensured. The investigations included the macrostructure and microstructure observations by light microscopy, researches of mechanical properties in a static tensile test and also microhardness measurements made by Vickers method. Findings: The results have shown that it is possible to provide a proper shape of the weld of fine-grained structure and narrow heat affected zone, but it requires careful selection of the welding parameters, especially a low energy input. The microhardness measurements showed that the in case of welding the butt joints using the high-power diode laser in HAZ area a slight increase in microhardness to approx. 185HV0.2 compared to base material (160-169HV0.2) and a decrease in microhardness in the fusion zone (FZ) to approx. 140- 150HV0.2 have been observed. All welded sample broke from the joint during the testing at tensile stress between 585 MPa and 605 MPa with corresponding percentage elongation in the range of 45-57%. It can be found that the joints strength is not less than the strength of the base metal of 2.0 mm thick AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel sheet. Research limitations/implications: Studies of the weldability of stainless steels indicate that the basic influence on the quality of welded joints and reduction of thermal distortions has the heat input of welding, moreover the highest quality of welded joints of austenitic stainless steel sheets are ensured only by laser welding. Practical implications: The laser welding technology can be directly applied for welding of austenitic steel AISI 304 sheets 2.0 mm thick. Originality/value: Application of high power diode laser for welding of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304.

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Ahmed, Omar, Le Zhou, Nahid Mohajeri, and Yong Ho Sohn. "Corrosion Behaviour of AISI 304 Stainless Steel with Solar Salt Heat Transfer Fluid." Advanced Materials Research 922 (May 2014): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.922.13.

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In an effort to understand the compatibility between the heat transfer medium and the structural materials used in concentrated solar power plants, the corrosion behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel (18 wt.% Cr, 8 wt.% Ni) in a molten solar salt mixture (53 wt. % KNO3, 40 wt. % NaNO2,7 wt. % NaNO3) has been investigated. The 304 stainless steel coupon samples were fully immersed and isothermally exposed to solar salt at 530°C for 250, 500, and 750 hours in air. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy were employed to examine the extent of corrosion and identify the corrosion products. Oxides of iron were found to be the primary corrosion products in the presence of the molten alkali nitrates-nitrite salt mixture because of the dissolution of the protective chromium oxide (Cr2O3) scale formed on 304 stainless steel coupons. The corrosion scale was uniform in thickness and chromium-iron oxide was found near the AISI 304. This indicates that the scale formed, particularly on the upper layer with presence of sodium-iron-oxide is protective, and forms an effective barrier against penetration of fused solar salt. By extrapolation, annual corrosion rate is estimated to reach 0.784 mils per year. Corrosion behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel is discussed in terms of thermodynamics and reaction paths.

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Evin, Emil, and Miroslav Tomáš. "Formability Prediction of Laser-Welded Stainless Steel AISI 304 and AISI 430." Metals 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12010054.

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The effect of laser welding on the mechanical properties and the prediction of formability for austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 and ferritic steel AISI 430 when welded by a YLS-5000 fiber laser, were studied in the paper. The microstructure of the welded joint was analyzed using light microscopy. The mechanical properties were determined by static tensile testing. The forming limit diagrams were produced from notched samples at R5, R17, and R25 mm. The hardness values of the welded joint and the base material were determined using the Vickers method. Samples made of AISI 430 showed that the formability suffered due to laser welding. Longitudinal coarse ferrite grains were observed in the microstructure of the AISI 430 weld metal. The coarse-grained structure of the welded joint and the continuous interface along the centerline caused the failure of the AISI 430 laser-welded samples at significantly lower actual stress and strain values than were required to break the base material. No significant changes in the formability were observed in the AISI 304 samples after laser welding. The growth of dendrites was observed in the microstructure of the AISI 304 welded joint in a direction towards the centerline of the welded joint. A comparison of the experimentally determined FLD0 values and the values calculated from predictive equations showed that a better agreement was achieved for uniform elongation than for the strain hardening exponent. The manufacturability and economic efficiency of selected parts of an exhaust system by hydromechanical drawing were evaluated on the basis of the process capability index Cpk.

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Kumar, P. Ravi, K. Manivardhan Reddy, Upendra Mahatme, T. Karthik, M. Saravanakumar, J. Venkata Suresh, and Ram Subbiah. "Effects of Plasma Nitriding Process on AISI 304 Stainless Steel." E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101110.

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AISI 304 stainless steel is a type of austenitic stainless steel that contains a high percentage of chromium and nickel. It is one of the most widely used grades of stainless steel and is commonly used in a variety of applications, including kitchen equipment, food processing equipment, and chemical processing equipment. AISI 304 stainless steel is a versatile and widely used material due to its excellent corrosion resistance, durability, and non-magnetic properties. Low-temperature processes like ion implantation, plasma nitriding can prevent the corrosion resistance of stainless steels by diffusion of plasma into the surface of the material, forming precipitation of Chromium nitride. For this research work, plasma nitriding is carried out on AISI 304 at low-temperatures 550°C for the time duration of 8 hrs, 16 hrs and 32 hrs. The formation of nitrogen-enriched layers with high nitrogen content promoted to increase in surface hardness. Wear test were carried out with pin on disc machine and the samples were undergone with hardness tests. The microstructures of plasma treated samples were compared with untreated microstructures. It was noted that phase change occurred from austenite to expanded austenite forming a hard layer from the surface level improving the wear resistance of the material.

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Vieira, M. M., Bruno M. Chaparro, Manuel F. Vieira, and José Valdemar Fernandes. "Microstructural Plastic Behaviour of AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 455-456 (May 2004): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.455-456.280.

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Hafez, Khalid M., and Seiji KATAYAMA. "Fiber laser welding of AISI 304 stainless steel plates." QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 27, no. 2 (2009): 69s—73s. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.27.69s.

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29

Qayyum, A., M. A. Naveed, S. Zeb, G. Murtaza, and M. Zakaullah. "Glow Discharge Plasma Nitriding of AISI 304 Stainless Steel." Plasma Science and Technology 9, no. 4 (August 2007): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/9/4/18.

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30

Kim, S. I., B. C. Ko, C. M. Lee, S. K. Hwang, and Y. C. Yoo. "Evolution of dynamic recrystallisation in AISI 304 stainless steel." Materials Science and Technology 19, no. 12 (December 2003): 1648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708303225008284.

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31

Stanciu, Elena Manuela, Alexandru Pascu, and Ionut Claudiu Roată. "Edge Fillet Laser Welding of AISI 304 Stainless Steel." Solid State Phenomena 216 (August 2014): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.216.304.

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This investigation concerns the influence of key parameters of laser welding on the geometry and microstructural properties of the weld bead. The study is intended to restrain the interval field of the welding parameters and to investigate the welded joints achieved through this technique. A 3,3 kW Nd:YAG laser together with a Rofin welding head and an ABB 6-axes robot were used for this investigation. The tests highlight the major influence of the laser spot diameter on the geometry of weld bead. The experiments were made on various samples of AISI 304 thin sheets. In depth characterization of the weld area was conducted by means of optic and electronic microscopy and EDS analyses.

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32

Günen, Ali, Mustafa Serdar Karakaş, Bülent Kurt, and Adnan Çalık. "Corrosion behavior of borided AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 61, no. 2 (February 25, 2014): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-12-2012-1224.

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33

Nguyen, Thi My Phuc, Xiaoxia Sheng, Yen-Peng Ting, and Simo Olavi Pehkonen. "Biocorrosion of AISI 304 Stainless Steel byDesulfovibrio desulfuricansin Seawater." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 47, no. 14 (July 2008): 4703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie071468e.

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34

El-Hossary, F. M., N. Z. Negm, S. M. Khalil, A. M. Abed Elrahman, and D. N. McIlroy. "RF plasma carbonitriding of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel." Surface and Coatings Technology 141, no. 2-3 (June 2001): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(01)01036-2.

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35

Hirvonen, J. P., and J. W. Mayer. "Fretting wear of nitrogen-implanted AISI 304 stainless steel." Materials Letters 4, no. 10 (September 1986): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-577x(86)90107-2.

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36

Meran, C., V. Kovan, and A. Alptekin. "Friction stir welding of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 38, no. 10 (October 2007): 829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.200700214.

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37

Burkov, Alexander, Maria Kulik, Alexander Belya, and Valeria Krutikova. "Electrospark deposition of chromium diboride powder on stainless steel AISI 304." Metal Working and Material Science 24, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2022-24.2-78-90.

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Introduction. Austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 is the most widely used type of stainless steel. However, it is subject to wear due to relatively low hardness, and also begins to oxidize intensively in air at a temperature above 800 °C. The use of coatings based on chromium boride can improve its tribotechnical properties and oxidation resistance. The purpose of the work: to study the effect of chromium diboride concentration in the anode mixture on the structure, wear behavior, oxidation resistance and corrosion properties of electric spark coatings on AISI 304 steel. The research methods. Electric spark treatment of AISI 304 steel was carried out in a mixture of iron granules with the addition of CrB2 powder in amount of 5, 10 and 15 vol.%. The structure of the coatings was studied by X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and electron dispersion spectroscopy analysis. The wear resistance of the coatings was studied under dry friction condition at a load of 10 N. The oxidation resistance test was carried out at a temperature of 900 °C for 100 hours. Results and Discussion. According to X-ray analysis, it is shown that under the conditions of electric spark exposure, CrB2 interacts with iron melt; this has resulted in the formation of chromium and iron borides. Corrosion properties, microhardness, coefficient of friction and wear are investigated in comparison with AISI 304 steel. Samples with coatings showed a lower corrosion potential and corrosion current density compared to the substrate in 3.5% NaCl solution and from 5 to 15 times higher oxidation resistance. The microhardness of the coatings increased from 6.25 to 7.60 GPa with an increase in the addition of chromium diboride in the electrode mixture. The coefficient of friction and the wear rate of all coatings were lower than that of AISI 304 stainless steel, while the coating prepared with the addition of 5 vol.% chromium diboride had the best tribotechnical characteristics.

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Tungtrongpairoj, Jennarong, Penpisuth Thongyoug, Phichai Saranyachot, and Somrerk Chandra-Ambhorn. "High Temperature Degradation of Thermal Oxides on AISI 304 Stainless Steels by Carbon." Key Engineering Materials 856 (August 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.856.21.

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AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel specimens are oxidised in laboratory air at 750 °C for 48 h. They are further subjected to the reduction test in carbon at 1350 °C for 30 and 60 min. The results show that the mass gain of the oxidised AISI 304 slighter increases to be 0.08 mg cm–2 after the reduction for 30 min and is unchanged at the longer reduction period up to 60 min. The oxide on AISI 304 is deteriorated after the reduction but its morphology tends to be unchanged when the reduction period is longer from 30 to 60 min. The results then indicate the superior performance of the AISI 304 to combat the corrosion under carbon at this high temperature.

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Lemus-Ruiz, José, J. J. Ávila-Castillo, and R. García-Estrada. "WC / Stainless Steel Joints Produced by Direct Diffusion Bonding Using a Ni-Foil Interlayer." Materials Science Forum 560 (November 2007): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.560.53.

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Cemented tungsten carbides are industrially one of the most used composite materials as cutting tools, wear parts and replacements of standard materials for tools, dies and machine components. This work focuses on various aspects of diffusion bonding of tungsten carbide to AISI 304 stainless steel using a Ni-foil interlayer. WC/Ni/AISI 304 combinations were diffusion bonded at 1000°C using different holding times under argon atmosphere. The microstructure characterization of the resulting interfaces was carried out by SEM and EPMA. The results show that successful joining between WC and AISI 304 steel is achieved by the formation of a diffusion zone at both ends of the Ni foil. All WC/Ni/AISI 304 samples have been joined with no severe interfacial cracking or porosity at the interface. The joint strength is determined by four-point bending testing, a maximum of 210 MPa for samples joined at 1000 °C for 60 minutes has been achieved. These results indicate that there is a strong relationship between the thickness of the diffusion interface and the mechanical strength of the joints.

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40

Abdul Razaq, Mohammed N., M. Zaidi Omar, Salah Al-Zubaidi, Khaled S. Alhawari, and Mnel A. Abdelgnei. "Weldability and Joining Characteristics of AISI D2/AISI 304 Steels Using Semisolid Diffusion Joining." Solid State Phenomena 285 (January 2019): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.285.115.

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The application of hybrid structures or components made of dissimilar metal offers the potential to utilize the advantages of different materials often providing unique solutions to engineering requirements. However, the joining of materials by conventional welding techniques becomes difficult if the physical properties such as melting temperature and thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials are different. In this study, a new process of joining semi-solid AISI D2 tool steel and AISI 304 stainless steel using a partial remelting method is proposed. Moreover, the effect of the holding time on the microstructural evolution was investigated. The processing temperatures for the thixojoining was 1320°C and held for 5, 12, 20 and 30 minutes, respectively. The results obtained from investigating the basic geometries demonstrated a good joining quality that differs from the conventional process of welding. Metallographic analyses along the joint interface between semi-solid AISI D2 and 304 stainless steel showed a smooth transition from one to the other, with neither oxides nor microcracking being observed.

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41

Ates, H., and N. Kaya. "Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Friction Welded AISI 304 Stainless Steel to AISI 1060 Steel AISI 1060." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 3 (October 28, 2014): 841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0142.

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Abstract Rotary Friction welding is one of the most popular methods of joining similar and dissimilar materials. It is widely used with metals and thermoplastics in a wide variety of aviation, transport and aerospace industrial component designs. This study investigates the influence of friction and upsetting pressures on the hardness, tensile properties and microstructure of the welds. The experimental results showed that as the friction and upsetting pressures increased, the hardness and tensile strength values increased, as well. The tensile fracture of welded joint occurred in the AISI 1060 side. The friction processed joints were evaluated for their integrity and quality aspects by optical and scanning electron microscopy. For the perfect interfacial bonding, sufficient upsetting and friction pressures are necessary to reach the optimal temperature and severe plastic deformation to bring these materials within the attraction range.

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42

Sahul, Miroslav, Ema Tomčíková, Martin Sahul, Matej Pašák, Barbora Ludrovcová, and Erika Hodúlová. "Effect of Disk Laser Beam Offset on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Copper—AISI 304 Stainless Steel Dissimilar Metals Joints." Metals 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2020): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10101294.

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Deoxidized oxygen free copper C12200, 1 mm in thickness, was welded to 1-mm thick AISI 304 stainless steel with disk laser. The butt-welded joints were produced with different welding parameters. Full factorial design of experiment (DoE) approach consisting of three factors and two levels was utilized. Laser powers used for welding were 1.3 and 1.9 kW and welding speeds of 20 and 30 mm/s. Two beam offsets were tested, namely, 100 μm toward copper side and 200 μm toward AISI 304 steel. It was found that beam offset possesses the largest influence on the welded joints’ tensile strength. Tensile strengths attained values more than 3.7 times higher in comparison to the AISI 304 steel beam offset. When lower laser power was used, the higher tensile strength was attained for copper sheet offset. Higher microhardness was observed when laser beam was offset to AISI 304 steel side. The average microhardness of the weld metal was higher than that of the weaker base material, copper sheet. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed the heterogeneity in elemental composition across the welded joint interface, being lower when laser beam was offset to AISI 304 steel side. On the other hand, the copper content dropped to the average composition of weld metal at the distance of about 140 μm from copper-weld metal interface.

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Ivannikov, Alexander, Anton Abramov, Nikita Popov, Milena Penyaz, Alexey Suchkov, Natalia Pukhareva, and Oleg Sevryukov. "Joining Stainless-Steel AISI 304 and High-Strength Aluminum Alloy AA 6082 by Brazing Using Al-Ge-Si Foils." Metals 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13010149.

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An Al-40.0Ge-3.4Si wt.% alloy foil with a thickness of 50 ± 5 μm, obtained via an ultrafast solidification method, is described in this work. A complete wetting of the aluminum alloy substrate with a wetting angle of 0° is observed, and the formation of a drop with a wetting angle of 30 ± 5° is observed on the steel substrate. Similar and dissimilar brazed joints of aluminum alloy AA 6082 and stainless-steel AISI 304 are obtained. The microstructure of the AA 6082/AA 6082 brazed seam is homogeneous and contains particles of an Al7Fe2Si system intermetallic compound and particles of an Al-Ge eutectic composition. The brazed seam of the AISI 304/AISI 304 joint is formed due to the formation of the Al8Fe2(Si, Cr) intermetallic compound reaction layer on the steel surface. The proposed scheme for the AISI 304/AA 6082 brazed joint formation is given. The brazed seam represents the Al8Fe2(Si, Cr) reaction layer on the steel surface, the thickness of which depends on the holding time during brazing, and the aluminum matrix of which has particles of a composition close to an Al-Ge eutectic. The obtained results could be used for the optimization of time–temperature brazing modes in order to improve the mechanical characteristics of AISI 304/AA 6082 dissimilar joints.

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Peláez, Alejandro, Claudia P. García, A. Pareja, M. E. Márquez, Alejandro Toro, R. Castañeda, and Pablo Abad. "Genotoxicity Effects of Ceramic Coatings Applied on Metallic Substrates Using Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay In Vitro." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.593.

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Sol-Gel coatings are a good choice for protection and bioactivation of metals used as dentistry and standard surgical implant materials. These films should both prevent degradation of the substrates by wear or corrosion, and bioactivate the material for inducing the formation of a hydroxyapatite (HA) rich layer onto the material surface, thereby permitting a natural bonding to living tissues. The aim of this work was to estimate the clastogenicity in vitro by Single Cell Gel lectrophoresis Assay (SCGE) or “comet” assay of coatings of TiN applied by magnetron sputtering and of hybrid layers obtained by Sol-Gel containing glass, glass-ceramic and HA particles on stainless steel AISI 304. Six test specimens were prepared: AISI 304 Stainless Steel coated with an hybrid silica single film (SF), applied by sol-gel process, AISI 304 SS coated with double film with bioactive glass (DFG), glass-ceramics (DFGC) and HA (DFHA) particles, AISI 304 SS coated with TiN multi films (MFTiN) applied by PVD and bare AISI 304 SS (304SS). Significantly lower DNA migration (p>0.005) was observed in the cells of the cultures corresponding to the samples coated with SF, DFG, DFGC, DFHA and MFTiN respect to the bare 304 SS. The comparison between negative control and the same coated samples did not reveal any statistically significant difference (p>0.005) in clastogenicity in vitro evaluated by SCGE.

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45

Gemelli, E. "Stainless hard coating obtained by electric arc on AISI 304 stainless steel." Revue de Métallurgie 98, no. 5 (May 2001): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal:2001201.

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46

Singh, Talwinder, J. S. Dureja, Manu Dogra, and Manpreet S. Bhatti. "Multi-response optimization in environment friendly turning of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 15, no. 3 (May 7, 2019): 538–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-07-2018-0139.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of turning parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on tool flank wear and machined surface quality of AISI 304 stainless steel during environment friendly turning under nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) conditions using PVD-coated carbide cutting inserts. Design/methodology/approach Turning experiments are conducted as per the central composite rotatable design under the response surface methodology. ANOVA and regression analysis are employed to examine significant cutting parameters and develop mathematical models for VB (tool flank wear) and Ra (surface roughness). Multi-response desirability optimization approach is used to investigate optimum turning parameters for simultaneously minimizing VB and Ra. Findings Optimal input turning parameters are observed as follows: cutting speed: 168.06 m/min., feed rate: 0.06 mm/rev. and depth of cut: 0.25 mm with predicted optimal output response factors: VB: 106.864 µm and Ra: 0.571 µm at the 0.753 desirability level. ANOVA test reveals depth of cut and cutting speed-feed rate interaction as statistically significant factors influencing tool flank wear, whereas cutting speed is a dominating factor affecting surface roughness. Confirmation tests show 5.70 and 3.71 percent error between predicted and experimental examined values of VB and Ra, respectively. Research limitations/implications AISI 304 is a highly consumed grade of stainless steel in aerospace components, chemical equipment, nuclear industry, pressure vessels, food processing equipment, paper industry, etc. However, AISI 304 stainless steel is considered as a difficult-to-cut material because of its high strength, rapid work hardening and low heat conductivity. This leads to lesser tool life and poor surface finish. Consequently, the optimization of machining parameters is necessary to minimize tool wear and surface roughness. The results obtained in this research can be used as turning database for the above-mentioned industries for attaining a better machined surface quality and tool performance under environment friendly machining conditions. Practical implications Turning of AISI 304 stainless steel under NMQL conditions results in environment friendly machining process by maintaining a dry, healthy, clean and pollution free working area. Originality/value Machining of AISI 304 stainless steel under vegetable oil-based NMQL conditions has not been investigated previously.

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47

Rodriguez vargas, Bryan ramiro, Luciano Albini, Giulia Tiracorrendo, Riccardo Massi, Giulia Stornelli, and Andrea Di Schino. "EFFECT OF ULTRAFAST HEATING ON AISI 304 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 29, no. 2 (June 20, 2023): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.2.1833.

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This study explores the effects of ultrafast heating on AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel. The research shows that ultrafast heating can lead to fine-grained mixed microstructures in steel, making it a potential alternative for modifying microstructure in stainless steel. The study demonstrates that a minimum temperature of 980 °C is required to achieve a fully recrystallized microstructure. The results also suggest that a lower temperature can result in a finer recrystallized grain size compared to higher temperature results. The study provides valuable insights into the impact of ultrafast heating on the microstructural constituents, recrystallization temperatures, and mechanical properties of investigated steel.

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48

Mele, Claudio, and Benedetto Bozzini. "Corrosion Performance of Austenitic Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates for Nafion- and Room-Temperature Ionic-Liquid-Based PEMFCs." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 5, no. 1 (July 13, 2012): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01205010047.

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In this paper we study the corrosion of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel PEMFC bipolar plates in aqueous and room-temperature ionic-liquid electrolytes. The anodic potential thresholds and dynamics have been investigated by electrochemical (potentiodynamic and potentiostatic) and in situ spectroelectrochemical methods (visible electroreflectance and VIS-UV spectroellipsometry). We measured the values of damage potentials and we followed the time evolution of corrosion current and reflectivity above and below the pitting potential, obtaining an accurate characterisation of the surface conditions under oxidative attack. The ability of AISI 304 to repassivate in Cl¯-containing aqueous solution as well as the amount of residual surface damage have been assessed quantitatively by following electrode reflectivity under applied potential. Outstanding inertness of AISI 304 in [BMP][TFSA] was proved. The results of this work show that low-cost AISI 304 is a promising interconnect material for both Nafion- and RTIL-based PEMFCs.

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Chuaiphan, W., Somrerk Chandra-ambhorn, B. Sornil, and Wolfgang Bleck. "Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Behaviour of Dissimilar Weldments between AISI 304 Stainless Steels and AISI 1020 Carbon Steels Produced by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Using Different Consumables." Key Engineering Materials 410-411 (March 2009): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.410-411.533.

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Gas tungsten arc welding was applied to join AISI 304 stainless steel and AISI 1020 carbon steel sheets with three types of consumables – AISI 308L, AISI 309L and AISI 316L stainless steel wires. Weld metals produced by all consumables exhibited the identical hardness of ca. 350 HV. This value was higher than those of stainless steel and carbon steel base metals, indicating the relatively high strength of weld metals. The corrosive behaviour of weld metals was investigated by a potentiodynamic method. Specimens were tested in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution saturated by laboratory air at 27°C. A pitting potential of weld metal produced by the AISI 309L consumable was higher than those of weld metals produced by the AISI 308L and AISI 316L consumables respectively. The chemical compositions and microstructure of weld metals were also investigated. The pitting corrosion resistance of weld metals produced by different consumables is discussed in the paper in terms of the pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) calculated from the chemical compositions and the content of delta ferrite in the austenite matrix of the weld metals.

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Mohammed, M. N., M. Z. Omar, M. S. Salleh, and K. S. Alhawari. "Study on Thixojoining Process Using Partial Remelting Method." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/251472.

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Cold-work tool steel is considered to be a nonweldable metal due to its high percentage content of carbon and alloy elements. The application of a new process of the semisolid joining of two dissimilar metals is proposed. AISI D2 cold-work tool steel was thixojoined to 304 stainless steel by using a partial remelting method. After thixojoining, microstructural examination including metallographic analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Vickers hardness tests was performed. From the results, metallographic analyses along the joint interface between semisolid AISI D2 and stainless steel showed a smooth transition from one to another and neither oxides nor microcracking was observed. Hardness values obtained from the points in the diffusion zone were much higher than those in the 304 stainless steel but lower than those in the AISI D2 tool steel. The study revealed that a new type of nonequilibrium diffusion interfacial structure was constructed at the interface of the two different types of steel. The current work successfully confirmed that avoidance of a dendritic microstructure in the semisolid joined zone and high bonding quality components can be achieved without the need for force or complex equipment when compared to conventional welding processes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'AISI 304 USTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL'

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