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Park, Dougho, Mun-Chul Kim, Daeyoung Hong, Yong-Suk Jeong, Hyoung Seop Kim, and Jong Hun Kim. "Recurrence and Mortality Risks in Patients with First Incident Acute Stroke or Myocardial Infarction: A Longitudinal Study Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020568.
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Background: We aimed to identify the long-term risk of recurrence and mortality in patients who experienced acute ischemic stroke (AIS), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or acute hemorrhagic stroke (AHS) using a population-level database. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adults aged ≥55 years diagnosed with AIS, AMI, and AHS in the National Health Insurance Service Database between 2004 and 2007. The target outcomes were secondary AIS, AMI, AHS, and all-cause mortality. Predetermined covariates, such as age, sex, socioeconomic status, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, were adjusted. Results: We included 151,181, 49,077, and 41,636 patients in the AIS, AHS, and AMI groups, respectively. The AMI (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.318; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.306–0.330; p < 0.001) and AHS (aHR, 0.489; 95% CI, 0.472–0.506; p < 0.001) groups had a significantly lower risk of developing secondary AIS than the AIS group. The risk of developing secondary AMI was significantly lower in the AMI (aHR, 0.388; 95% CI, 0.348–0.433; p < 0.001) and AHS (aHR, 0.711; 95% CI, 0.640–0.790; p < 0.001) groups than in the AIS group. Initial AHS was a decisive risk factor for secondary AHS (aHR, 8.546; 95% CI, 8.218–8.887; p < 0.001). The AMI (aHR, 1.436; 95% CI, 1.412–1.461; p < 0.001) and AHS (aHR, 1.328; 95% CI, 1.309–1.348; p < 0.001) groups were associated with a significantly higher risk of long-term mortality than the AIS group. Conclusion: Our results elucidated that initial AIS was a significant risk factor for recurrent AIS and AMI; initial AHS was a decisive risk factor for developing secondary AHS. Further, AMI and AHS were more closely related to long-term mortality than AIS.
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Park, H., N.-S. Kwak, and J. Lee. "A method of multiobjective optimization using a genetic algorithm and an artificial immune system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 1243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1313.
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The immune system has pattern recognition capabilities based on reinforced learning, memory, and affinity maturation interacting between antigens (Ags) and antibodies (Abs). This article deals with an adaptation of artificial immune system (AIS) into genetic-algorithm (GA)-based multi-objective optimization. The present study utilizes the pattern recognition from an AIS and the evolution from a GA. Using affinity measures between Ags and Abs, GA-based immune simulation discovers a generalist Ab that represents the common pattern among Ags. Non-dominated Pareto-optimal solutions are obtained via GA-based immune simulation in which dominated designs are considered as Ags, whereas non-dominated designs are assigned to Abs. This article discusses the procedure of identifying Pareto-optimal solutions through the immune system-based pattern recognition. A number of mathematical function problems that are described by discontinuity or disconnection in the shape of Pareto surface are first examined as test examples. Subsequently, engineering optimization problems such as rotating flywheel disc and ten-bar planar truss are explored to support the present study.
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Mintziori, Gesthimani, Thomas Georgiou, Panagiotis Anagnostis, Fotini Adamidou, Zoe Efstathiadou, Athanasios Panagiotou, and Marina Kita. "Could Lipid Profile be Used as a Marker of Autonomous Cortisol Secretion in Patients with Adrenal Incidentalomas?" Hormone and Metabolic Research 50, no. 07 (July 2018): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0630-1397.
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AbstractAdrenal incidentalomas (AIs) have been associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia, though evidence regarding the latter is limited. Lipid abnormalities in patients with AIs have been associated with subclinical hypercortisolism. The current study aims to test whether lipid profile in patients with AIs predicts “autonomous cortisol secretion” (ACS). Patients with AIs found on either computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were included in a prospective cohort study. All patients were followed up for at least three years. Alterations in their hormonal and lipid profiles were recorded. Ninety-four patients (69 women) harboring 111 AIs were included. There were no differences between patients with ACS and those without, with respect to their baseline lipid profile [total cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and non-HDL-C] and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic). Non-HDL-C concentrations decreased over time (Repeated Measures ANOVA, p=0.013), despite patients’ body mass index (BMI) remaining unchanged. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the only predictor of ACS was the size of AIs, as calculated by CT or MRI. The current study demonstrated that lipid profile at baseline or during follow-up cannot predict ACS in patients with AIs. However, larger AIs may have a greater probability of ACS.
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Perhinschi, Mario, Dia Al Azzawi, Hever Moncayo, Andres Perez, and Adil Togayev. "Immunity-based aircraft actuator failure evaluation." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 88, no. 6 (October 3, 2016): 729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-07-2014-0117.
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Purpose This paper aims to present the development of prediction models for aircraft actuator failure impact on flight envelope within the artificial immune system (AIS) paradigm. Design/methodology/approach Simplified algorithms are developed for estimating ranges of flight envelope-relevant variables using an AIS in conjunction with the hierarchical multi-self strategy. The AIS is a new computational paradigm mimicking mechanisms of its biological counterpart for health management of complex systems. The hierarchical multi-self strategy consists of building the AIS as a collection of low-dimensional projections replacing the hyperspace of the self to avoid numerical and conceptual issues related to the high dimensionality of the problem. Findings The proposed methodology demonstrates the capability of the AIS to not only detect and identify abnormal conditions (ACs) of the aircraft subsystem but also evaluate their impact and consequences. Research limitations/implications The prediction of altered ranges of relevant variables at post-failure conditions requires failure-specific algorithms to correlate with the characteristics and dimensionality of self-projections. Future investigations are expected to expand the types of subsystems that are affected and the nature of the ACs targeted. Practical implications It is expected that the proposed methodology will facilitate the design of on-board augmentation systems to increase aircraft survivability and improve operation safety. Originality/value The AIS paradigm is extended to AC evaluation as part of an integrated and comprehensive health management process system, also including AC detection, identification and accommodation.
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Wang, Mingan, Shuo Feng, Chunhui He, Zhonghua Li, and Yu Xue. "An Artificial Immune System Algorithm with Social Learning and Its Application in Industrial PID Controller Design." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3959474.
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A novel artificial immune system algorithm with social learning mechanisms (AIS-SL) is proposed in this paper. In AIS-SL, candidate antibodies are marked with an elitist swarm (ES) or a common swarm (CS). Correspondingly, these antibodies are named ES antibodies or CS antibodies. In the mutation operator, ES antibodies experience self-learning, while CS antibodies execute two different social learning mechanisms, that is, stochastic social learning (SSL) and heuristic social learning (HSL), to accelerate the convergence process. Moreover, a dynamic searching radius update strategy is designed to improve the solution accuracy. In the numerical simulations, five benchmark functions and a practical industrial application of proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller tuning is selected to evaluate the performance of the proposed AIS-SL. The simulation results indicate that AIS-SL has better solution accuracy and convergence speed than the canonical opt-aiNet, IA-AIS, and AAIS-2S.
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Kaufmanova, Jirina, Jana Stikarova, Alzbeta Hlavackova, Leona Chrastinova, Martin Maly, Jiri Suttnar, and Jan Evangelista Dyr. "Fibrin Clot Formation under Oxidative Stress Conditions." Antioxidants 10, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060923.
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During coagulation, the soluble fibrinogen is converted into insoluble fibrin. Fibrinogen is a multifunctional plasma protein, which is essential for hemostasis. Various oxidative posttranslational modifications influence fibrinogen structure as well as interactions between various partners in the coagulation process. The aim was to examine the effects of oxidative stress conditions on fibrin clot formation in arterial atherothrombotic disorders. We studied the changes in in vitro fibrin network formation in three groups of patients—with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with significant carotid artery stenosis (SCAS), and with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), as well as a control group. The level of oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde measured by LC-MS/MS was higher in SCAS and AIS patients compared with controls. Turbidic methods revealed a higher final optical density and a prolonged lysis time in the clots of these patients. Electron microscopy was used to visualize changes in the in vitro-formed fibrin network. Fibers from patients with AIS were significantly thicker in comparison with control and ACS fibers. The number of fibrin fibers in patients with AIS was significantly lower in comparison with ACS and control groups. Thus, oxidative stress-mediated changes in fibrin clot formation, structure and dissolution may affect the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy.
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Abdalrahman, Alameen. "A Cloud Database based on AES 256 GCM Encryption Through Devolving Web application of Accounting Information System." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 9, no. 5 (January 30, 2021): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.e5269.019521.
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The main objective of this research is to use AES 256 GCM encryption and decryption of a web application system database called Accounting Information System (AIS) for achieving more privacy and security in a cloud environment. A cloud environment provides many services such as software, platform, and infrastructure. AIS can use the cloud to store data to achieve accounting with more performance, efficiency, convenience, and cost reduction. On the other hand, cloud environment is not secure because data is kept away from the organization. This paper focuses on how we deal with secure sensitive data such as accounting data AIS web application at web level encryption by using AES 256 GCM encryption to store data as encrypted data at cloud in a secure manner? Accounting Information System (AIS) has very sensitive data and its need to be more secure and safe specially in cloud because it’s not saved at local servers but at another cloud service provider. The storage of encryption and decryption keys are stored in locations and devices different from those in which the database is stored in the cloud for ensuring more safety.
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Tenti, Sara, Pierpaolo Correale, Sara Cheleschi, Antonella Fioravanti, and Luigi Pirtoli. "Aromatase Inhibitors—Induced Musculoskeletal Disorders: Current Knowledge on Clinical and Molecular Aspects." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 5625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165625.
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Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have radically changed the prognosis of hormone receptor positive breast cancer (BC) in post-menopausal women, and are a mainstay of the adjuvant therapy for BC after surgery in place of, or following, Tamoxifen. However, AIs aren’t side effect-free; frequent adverse events involve the musculoskeletal system, in the form of bone loss, AI-associated arthralgia (AIA) syndrome and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In this narrative review, we reported the main clinical features of these three detrimental conditions, their influence on therapy adherence, the possible underlying molecular mechanisms and the available pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. The best-known form is the AIs-induced osteoporosis, whose molecular pathway and therapeutic possibilities were extensively investigated in the last decade. AIA syndrome is a high prevalent joint pain disorder which often determines a premature discontinuation of the therapy. Several points still need to be clarified, as a universally accepted diagnostic definition, the pathogenetic mechanisms and satisfactory management strategies. The association of AIs therapy with autoimmune diseases is of the utmost interest. The related literature has been recently expanded, but many issues remain to be explored, the first being the molecular mechanisms.
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Chen, Tien-Hsing, Chih-Ching Wang, Chi-Hung Liu, Ching-Chung Hsiao, Szu-Tah Chen, Feng-Hsuan Liu, Ming-Yun Ho, and Yan-Rong Li. "SIMILAR CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES BETWEEN INSULIN DETEMIR AND INSULIN GLARGINE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH EXTREMELY ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISKS." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 8 (August 2020): 818–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2019-0552.
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Objective: The cardiovascular outcomes of insulin detemir in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are unclear. The aim of our real-life cohort study was to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes of insulin detemir (IDet) versus insulin glargine (IGlar) in T2DM patients after ACS or AIS. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between June 1, 2005, and December 31, 2013, utilizing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 3,129 ACS or AIS patients were eligible for the analysis. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by comparing 1,043 subjects receiving IDet with 2,086 propensity score-matched subjects who received IGlar. The primary composite outcome included cardiovascular (CV) death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) and nonfatal stroke. Results: The primary composite outcome occurred in 322 patients (30.9%) in the IDet group and 604 patients (29.0%) in the IGlar group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.32) with a mean follow-up of 2.4 years. No significant differences were observed for CV death (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.38), nonfatal MI (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.19), and nonfatal stroke (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.35). There were similar risks of all-cause mortality, hospitalization for heart failure and revascularization between the IDet group and the IGlar group ( P = .647, .115, and .390 respectively). Conclusion: Compared with IGlar, in T2DM patients after ACS or AIS, IDet was not associated with increased risks of CV death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke. Abbreviations: ACS = acute coronary syndrome; AIS = acute ischemic stroke; ASCVD = atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CI = confidence interval; CV = cardiovascular; DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis; HHF = hospitalization for heart failure; HHS = hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state; HR = hazard ratio; IDet = insulin detemir; IGlar = insulin glargine; MI = myocardial infarction; NHIRD = National Health Insurance Research Database; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; PSM = propensity score matching; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Tjhin, Viany Utami. "Audit Domain Acquire And Implement dengan Cobit 4.1 pada PT Erajaya Swasembada Tbk." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v5i2.2373.
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The main priority aspect of information and communication technologies is given to control mechanisms, both internal and external in enterprises. It ensures that the reports and the decisions received and generated by the management will support their decision-making. The decisions have honesty and high integrity based on the results of the audit conducted on systems of information and communication technology. The objective of this research is to deliver audit reports of information systems for management and make recommendations on the audit findings in PT Erajaya Swasembada Tbk. Business processes studied included sales, purchasing, finance, and the warehouse. The system used was "Erajaya Live Application Server" and ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)-based. This research used thedomain of COBIT 4.1: Acquire and Implement. The domain included several sub-domains, which were:identify automated solutions (AI1), acquire and maintain application software (AI2), acquire and maintain technology infrastructure (AI3), enable operation and use (AI4), procure IT resources (AI5), manage changes (AI6), and install and accredit solutions and changes (AI7). Data were collected from interviewing IT Department, distributing questionnaires to respondents, and observing the business processes of this enterprise. Research obtained 57 audit findings on IT implementation. The results of process reference model formulation are 3 findings on AI1subdomain, 5 findings on AI2subdomain, 9 findings on AI3subdomain, 6 findings on AI4 subdomain, 11 findings on AI5subdomain, 13 findings pada AI6subdomain, and 10 findings on AI7subdomain. The level of maturity model of this domain, Acquire and Implement (AI), was found on level 3.
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Cai, Zheng, Sainan Li, Qi Zhang, Chenyuan Wang, Zhen Jin, Ming Fu, Shuai Zhang, Ming Liang, Zulu Wang, and Yaling Han. "Derivation and Verification of the Relationship between Ablation Index and Baseline Impedance." Cardiology Research and Practice 2021 (July 12, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574125.
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Objective. To explore the quantitative adjustment of ablation index (AI) under different baseline impedance to achieve similar lesion dimensions. Methods. (1) Keeping the AIs relatively constant, the lesion dimensions in different baseline impedances were studied. (2) According to Joule's law, Q = I2RT, keeping the current (I) unchanged, the powers corresponding to different baseline impedances can be obtained. Under different baseline impedances and corresponding powers, the swine hearts were ablated for 30 s in simulated human circumstances. The baseline impedances, the lesion dimensions, and AIs were recorded. And the derivation of empirical formula was achieved according to the AIs and baseline impedance values in similar lesions dimension. (3) Basic AI and baseline impedance (AI0/R0) were set as 400/120 Ω in the common AI groups and 550/120 Ω in the high AI groups, AI values in different baseline impedances were calculated using the empirical formula, and the corresponding lesion dimensions were measured to verify this formula. Results. (1) Higher baseline impedances were related to smaller lesion dimensions at similar AIs. (2) The lesion dimensions were roughly the same after modulating the baseline impedance and power to keep the electric current relatively constant. The relationship between AI and R fitted with experimental data is AI = 1.9933R + 203.61 (r = 0.9649), and the formula derived is ΔAI = (AI0 − 203)/R0 × ΔR. (3) Under the guidance of the empirical formula, there was no significant difference in lesion dimensions between the standard group and the formula guiding groups when AI0 = 400, but there was a shrinking tendence when AI > 700. Conclusion. The lesion depths are negatively correlated with baseline impedance at a certain AI. The relationship between baseline impedance and AI is “ΔAI = (AI0 − 203)/R0 × ΔR”. It is verified that when the AI is not too high, the empirical formula can be used to guide the quantitative adjustment of AIs at different baseline impedance, and the lesion depths achieved are roughly the same.
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Filjar, Renato, Sasa Desic, Danijela Pokrajac, and Ivica Cubic. "Internet AIS." Journal of Navigation 58, no. 2 (April 18, 2005): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463305003255.
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Automatic Identification System (AIS) has recently become the leading issue in maritime navigation and traffic management worldwide. The present AIS solution, based on a VHF data communications scheme, provides AIS functionalities for SOLAS (AIS Class A) vessels only in a limited environment defined by radio propagation properties. Here we present a novel approach in AIS development based on current mobile communication technologies. It utilises existing mobile communications equipment that the majority of targetted end-users own and are familiar with. A novel AIS concept aims to offer a transition of AIS data traffic to mobile Internet. An innovative AIS architecture supports AIS data processing, storing and transferring to authorised parties. This enhances not only the operational area, but also provides the global AIS with data transfer security and an improved aids-for-navigation service, with all legally traceable vessels (both AIS Class A and AIS Class B) included in the system. In order to provide the development framework for Internet AIS, a set of essential four use-cases, a communication protocol and the first Internet AIS prototype have been recently developed and are briefly introduced in this article.
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Davis, Gordon B. "AIS." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 29, no. 2 (April 1998): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/298752.298753.
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Davis, Gordon B. "AIS." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 29, no. 3 (June 1998): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/313310.313315.
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Bjorn Andersen, Niels. "AIS." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 27, no. 3 (June 1996): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/264417.565483.
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Weber, Ron. "AIS." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 28, no. 2 (April 1997): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/264701.565521.
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Weber, Ron. "AIS." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 27, no. 4 (September 1996): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/252829.565499.
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Bjern-Andersen,, Niels. "AIS." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 27, no. 1 (February 1996): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/234611.565440.
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Bjørn-Andersen, Niels. "AIS." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 27, no. 2 (April 1996): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/243350.243353.
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Weber, Ron. "AIS." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 28, no. 4 (September 1997): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/277339.565541.
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Weber, Ron. "AIS." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 28, no. 3 (June 1997): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/272657.565539.
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Galliers, Robert D. "AIS." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 30, no. 1 (January 1999): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/342251.342253.
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Davis, Gordon B. "AIS." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 29, no. 1 (December 31, 1997): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/506812.506814.
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Weber, Ron. "AIS." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 28, no. 1 (December 31, 1996): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/511965.511967.
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Hata, Kojiro, Kazuhiko Hasegawa, and Kazuhisa Niwa. "AIS simulator." Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers 6 (2007): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe.6.91.
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Cleveland, Angela Ahlquist, Michelle L. Johnson, Julia W. Gargano, Ina U. Park, Marie R. Griffin, Linda M. Niccolai, Sean Schafer, Nancy M. Bennett, Lauri E. Markowitz, and Elizabeth R. Unger. "Cervical Adenocarcinoma in Situ in the United States: Results from Population-based Laboratory Surveillance, 2008–2014." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S68—S69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx162.164.
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Abstract Background Cervical cancer screening methods are more effective for detection of squamous cell carcinoma precursor lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; CIN2 and 3) than for less-common adenocarcinoma precursors (adenocarcinoma in situ; AIS). Primary prevention through human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is expected to impact both CIN and AIS, although less data exist about the HPV types associated with AIS. We analyzed HPV types detected in AIS and CIN identified through population-based surveillance. Methods The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and partners conduct surveillance for CIN2, CIN3, and AIS (CIN2+) among women aged ≥18 years in five locations in the United States. Specimen blocks for women aged 18–39 are sent to CDC for HPV typing using L1 consensus PCR. We analyzed cases with AIS only, AIS with CIN2 or 3 (AIS+CIN), and CIN3 only, the highest grade squamous cell precursor. We used chi-square tests to compare HPV types by histology. Types evaluated were HPV16 and 18 (high-risk (HR) types targeted by all HPV vaccines), 5 additional HR types targeted by the 9-valent vaccine (31/33/45/52/58; “additional 9vHPV”), and 7 other HR non-vaccine types (35/39/51/56/59/66/68). Results Between 2008 and 2014, 18,394 women were diagnosed with CIN2+. Of those, 517 (2.8%) had AIS (283 AIS only, 234 AIS+CIN) and 5,766 (31%) had CIN3 only. Median ages at diagnosis for AIS, AIS+CIN, and CIN3 were 37, 32, and 31 years, respectively. HPV typing results were available for 89 AIS, 99 AIS+CIN, and 2,923 CIN3 cases; HPV was detected in nearly all specimens (99% AIS, 100% AIS+CIN, 98% CIN3), and 21% of positive specimens had >1 HPV type identified. HPV16 (AIS: 51%, AIS+CIN: 64%, CIN3: 59%; p ≤ 0.001) and HPV18 (AIS: 39%, AIS+CIN: 31%, CIN3: 5%; P ≤ 0.001) were most common. Additional 9vHPV types (AIS: 3%, AIS+CIN: 12%, CIN3: 26%; P ≤ 0.001), and HR non-vaccine types (AIS: 6%, AIS+CIN2+: 2%, CIN3+: 9%; P ≤ 0.001) were detected less frequently. Conclusion HPV types differed by histology, with AIS having a greater proportion of HPV 18 and a lower proportion of additional 9vHPV and HR non-vaccine types. This report on the largest sample of genotyped AIS cases to date provides data for vaccine impact monitoring, and suggests a high opportunity for vaccine prevention of AIS. Disclosures M. R. Griffin, MedImmune: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient
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Moritania, Rizky, Irwan Effendi, and Feliatra Feliatra. "ISOLATION AND ANTAGONISM OF BACTERIA TEST OF BIOTA IN THE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM KAYU ARA RIVER SIAK REGENCY." Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences 2, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ajoas.2.3.190-196.
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The General area is the mangrove biodiversity and marine life that have biological activity that likely has the same pharmacological potential as an antimicrobial compound. The purpose of this research is to know the bacterial antagonism in isolation from mangrove, mangrove crabs, snails and fish tembakul against pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Edwardsiella ictaluri). This research dimula from May – June 2019. From the results of research that has been done shows that isolates that have the capability of antagonism against pathogenic bacteria test three (A. salmonicida, A. hydrophila and E. ictaluri) were isolate CS7 with category stronger, isolate CS6, CS5, CS4, AI4, AI5, CS9 AI2, with weak category, whereas isolates CS1, B22, B33, B44, AI6 AI7 AI8, was only able to inhibit pathogenic test of 2 with a weak category. The results of the DNA analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence with the use and analysis of BLAST obtained that isolates the Bacillus cereus species are included.
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Nurhayati, Neni. "Factors Affecting The Performance of Accounting Information Systems with Gender as a Moderating Variable." J-MAS (Jurnal Manajemen dan Sains) 7, no. 1 (April 18, 2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jmas.v7i1.375.
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This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of AIS user satisfaction, AIS personal technical ability, training and education of AIS users on AIS performance with gender as a moderating variable in all offices in Kuningan Regency either simultaneously or partially. The research method used is descriptive and verification methods. The research population is in all offices in Kuningan Regency as many as 18 offices in Kuningan Regency. Calculation of the sample using the slovin formula so that the sample is obtained as many as 74 respondents. Then the sampling was carried out using probability sampling technique with simple random sampling technique. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire distributed to all offices in Kuningan Regency, while the data analysis technique uses multiple regression analysis and moderate regression analysis (MRA). The results showed that AIS user satisfaction, AIS personal technical ability, training and education of AIS users had a simultaneous and significant effect on AIS performance. AIS user satisfaction, AIS personal technical ability, training and education of AIS users partially have a positive and significant effect on AIS performance. Gender moderates the effect of AIS user satisfaction, AIS personal technical ability, training and education of AIS users on AIS performance.
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Xiang, Chan, Yuchen Han, Wentao Fang, Haohua Teng, Shengnan Chen, Lianying Guo, Zhanxian Shang, et al. "Comprehensive investigation of mutational features of adenocarcinoma in situ and invasive adenocarcinoma among Chinese lung cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 9051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.9051.
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9051 Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is further classified into several histological subtypes with adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) as the three major subtypes according to the extent of invasion. AIS has been considered as a precursor of IAC. Considering the significantly higher mutation burden among IAC tumors than AIS tumors, it seems likely that AIS tumors undergo a process of accumulating various somatic mutations to gain invasive ability. To understand the gene mutations involved in this transformation, we compared the mutational features of AIS and IAC tumors. Methods: This retrospective study included 2,769 Chinese patients diagnosed with stage 0-IIIA LUAD. Targeted sequencing was performed on tissue DNA isolated from 246 AIS tumors and 2,523 IAC tumors using 68 lung cancer-related genes (Lung Core, Burning Rock Biotech). Results: Analysis of mutation profiles revealed that mutation count was significantly lower for AIS ( P< 0.01) as compared to IAC tumors. Moreover, AIS tumors had significantly higher mutation detection rates for ERBB2 exon 20 insertion (20ins) ( P≤0.05), EGFR 20ins ( P≤0.05), non-V600E BRAF mutations ( P≤0.05), and MAP2K1 small insertion-deletion variants ( P≤0.05). These 4 gene mutations were grouped and referred to as AIS-like mutations for further analysis. Detection rates of AIS-like mutations were 54.9% for AIS tumors and 7.8% for IAC tumors. Patients with AIS-like mutation-positive AIS tumors were significantly younger than those with AIS tumors without AIS-like mutations ( P =0.018), while age were similar for IAC tumors with or without AIS-like mutations. Mutation count was similar between AIS tumors with or without AIS-like mutations. Interestingly, IAC tumors harboring AIS-like mutations had a significantly higher mutation count than those harboring known oncogenic drivers ( P= 0.045). Further investigation of the molecular profiles of IAC tumors harboring AIS-like mutations (n = 198) revealed the presence of various concurrent mutations in 8 genes including TP53 (39.4%), EGFR (non-20ins) (16.7%), RB1 (7.1%), PIK3CA (6.6%), MET (5.1%), ROS1 (4.0%), FLT3 (4.0%), and PTEN (3.5%), which were absent among AIS tumors, particularly those that harbor AIS-like mutations. In addition to TP53 (35.8%), PIK3CA (4.5%), and RB1 (4.0%), IAC tumors without AIS-like mutations (n = 2,324) had additional concurrent mutations in 2 other genes CDK4 (5.7%) and STK11 (3.9%) as compared to AIS tumors. Conclusions: Our data suggest that AIS-like mutations could be involved in the early stages of tumorigenesis by initiating the accumulation of other gene mutations that are required for the transformation of AIS tumors into IAC tumors. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the distinct gene mutations between AIS and IAC tumors among Chinese LUAD patients.
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Hsu, Shiun-Yuan, Shao-Chun Wu, Cheng-Shyuan Rau, Ting-Min Hsieh, Hang-Tsung Liu, Chun-Ying Huang, Sheng-En Chou, Wei-Ti Su, and Ching-Hua Hsieh. "Impact of Adapting the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)-2005 from AIS-1998 on Injury Severity Scores and Clinical Outcome." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 5033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245033.
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Background: In recent years, several versions of the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) were updated and published. It was reported that the codeset in the dictionary of AIS-2005 had significant change from that of AIS-1998. This study was designed to evaluate the potential impact of adapting the AIS-2005 codeset from the AIS-1998 in an established trauma system of a single level I trauma center. The patients’ outcome was measured in different Injury Severity Score (ISS) strata according to the double-coded injuries in a three-year period. Methods: The double-coded injuries sustained by 7520 trauma patients between 1 January, 2016, and 31 December, 2018, in a level I trauma center were used to compare the patient injury characteristics and outcomes between AIS-1998 and AIS-2005 and under different ISS strata, defined as <16 (mild to moderate injury), 16–24 (severe injury), and >24 (critical injury). Results: The mean ISS was significantly lower using AIS-2005 than using AIS-1998 (7.5 ± 6.3 vs. 8.3 ± 7.1, respectively, p < 0.001). AIS-2005 scores in the body regions of the head/neck (2.94 ± 1.08 vs. 3.40 ± 1.15, respectively, p < 0.001) and extremity (2.19 ± 0.56 vs. 2.24 ± 0.58, respectively, p < 0.001), but not in other body regions, were significantly lower than AIS-1998 scores. The critically injured patients (ISS >24), but not severely injured patients or patients with mild-to-moderate injury, coded by AIS-2005 had a significantly higher mortality rate (34.2% vs. 26.2%, respectively, p = 0.031) than did patients coded by AIS-1998. The rate of intensive care unit admission was significantly higher for patients in all ISS strata after adapting AIS-2005 as the scoring system than after adapting AIS-1998. Regarding patients with major trauma, which was defined as ISS > 15, the number of patients with major trauma in this study was 17.0% (n = 1276) for AIS-1998 and 9.7% (n = 733) for AIS-2005. As a consequence, the mortality rate of patients with major trauma was significantly higher in AIS-2005 than in AIS-1998 (15.4% vs. 9.1%, respectively, p < 000.1). Conclusions: In this study, we revealed that the adaptation of AIS-2005 from AIS-1998 had resulted in a significant decrease of severity scores in the measurement of the same injuries. The number of head/neck injuries classified as 16–24 was the key difference between AIS-1998 and AIS-2005. Furthermore, critically injured patients who had ISS > 24 coded by AIS-2005 had significantly higher mortality rates than did the patients coded by AIS-1998. This study also indicated that a direct comparison of the measurements that are generated from these two AIS versions can produce misleading results.
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Parker, Scott L., William N. Anderson, Sean Lilienfeld, J. Thomas Megerian, and Matthew J. McGirt. "Cerebrospinal shunt infection in patients receiving antibiotic-impregnated versus standard shunts." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 8, no. 3 (September 2011): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.6.peds11257.
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Object Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the treatment of adult and pediatric hydrocephalus. Antibiotic-impregnated shunt (AIS) catheters have been used with the aim of reducing shunt infection. While many studies have demonstrated a reduction in shunt infection with AIS, this reported efficacy has varied within the literature. Methods The authors performed a systematic literature review to identify all published articles comparing the incidence of CSF shunt infection in AIS versus non-AIS catheters. The incidence of infection for AIS versus non-AIS catheters was calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel common odds ratio, and baseline demographics were compared between AIS and non-AIS cohorts. Results Twelve AIS versus non-AIS cohort comparisons were identified in the literature (5 pediatric hydrocephalus, 3 adult hydrocephalus, and 4 mixed populations). In a total of 5613 reported shunt procedures (2664 AISs vs 2949 non-AISs), AISs were associated with a reduction in shunt infection (3.3% vs 7.2%; OR 0.439, p < 0.0001). In 787 shunt procedures for adult hydrocephalus (427 AIS vs 360 non-AIS), AISs were associated with reduction in shunt infection (0.9% vs 5.8%; OR 0.153, p < 0.0001). In 1649 shunt procedures for pediatric hydrocephalus (854 AIS vs 795 non-AIS), AISs were associated with reduction in shunt infection (5.0% vs 11.2%; OR 0.421, p < 0.0001). Conclusions The authors' systematic review of the literature demonstrates that AIS catheters are associated with a significant reduction over non-AIS catheters in the reported incidence of CSF shunt infection in adult and pediatric populations. The AIS catheters do not appear to be associated with an increased incidence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Prospective, randomized trials are needed to firmly assess and confirm this apparent difference in infection incidence.
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Li, Shiyou, Xiaoqian Chen, Lihu Chen, Yong Zhao, Tao Sheng, and Yuzhu Bai. "Data Reception Analysis of the AIS on board the TianTuo-3 Satellite." Journal of Navigation 70, no. 4 (February 10, 2017): 761–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463316000916.
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The Automatic Identification System (AIS) receiver on board the main satellite of the TianTuo-3 constellation, LvLiang-1, is a new generation of AIS receiver. Having partly solved the signal conflict problems and with larger coverage over the ground, the AIS receiver on board TianTuo-3 greatly improves the signal detection ability. The data received by the AIS receiver during the TianTuo-3 debugging stage is employed for detailed analysis in this paper. Results include: TianTuo-3 implements four-frequency detection at the same time, and a time-flag is inserted into the received AIS data, a small portion of Class A vessels (at least 1480) have been equipped with AIS sending the long range AIS broadcast message with two new frequency channels and the hourly averaged count of the message received by TianTuo-3’s AIS is between 1500 ~ 2500. This AIS receiver is capable of real-time tracking a single vessel. In conclusion, the TianTuo-3 space-based AIS receiver is capable of continuously receiving AIS messages sent by global maritime vessels.
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Umezawa, Takashi, Miyaka Umemori, Ayana Horiguchi, Kouichi Nomura, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Kyosuke Yamada, Kazunori Ochiai, Aikou Okamoto, Masahiro Ikegami, and Motoji Sawabe. "Cytological variations and typical diagnostic features of endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ: A retrospective study of 74 cases." CytoJournal 12 (April 29, 2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1742-6413.156081.
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Background: The sensitivity of Papanicolaou smears for detecting endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) is very low. A comprehensive cytological analysis of endocervical AIS is necessary to increase diagnostic accuracy. Methods: The subjects were 74 patients with pathologically-diagnosed AIS. A total of 140 Papanicolaou smears were reviewed to calculate the sensitivity of the Papanicolaou smears for detecting AIS and the incidence of sampling/screening/diagnostic errors. The cytological review was performed by 6 cytotechnologists, and the final cytological diagnosis was obtained at the consensus meeting. We classified the cases into three differentiation types; typical type (well-differentiated AIS), polymorphic type (poorly differentiated AIS), and mixed typical and polymorphic type. Three cytological subtypes (endocervical, endometrioid and intestinal subtypes) of AIS were also analyzed. Results: The sensitivity of the original Papanicolaou smears for the detection of AIS was 44.6%, while that for the detection of AIS and adenocarcinoma was 63.5%. The diagnostic accuracy of AIS increased to 78.5% in the final diagnosis. The common characteristic features were microbiopsies/hyperchromatic crowded groups (HCG) (82.0%) and mitotic figures (72.2%). The appearance of single cells (2.8%) was rare, and all the cervical cytology smears showed no evidence of necrotic tumor diathesis. The most common AIS was the typical type (41 cases, 67.2%) among all cytologically-diagnosed AIS or adenocarcinoma cases (61 cases). Although mixed typical and polymorphic AIS existed in 17 cases (27.9%), pure polymorphic AIS was very rare (3 cases, 4.9%). The endocervical subtype was the most predominant subtype (67.2%), followed by a few mixed subtypes. The important diagnostic keys for AIS cytology are as follows: (1) The appearance of microbiopsies/HCG (single-cell pattern is rare), (2) mitotic figures in the microbiopsies/HCG, (3) a lack of necrotic tumor diathesis in cases with polymorphic AIS, and (4) recognition of typical cytological subtypes. Conclusions: The relatively low diagnostic accuracy AIS was caused by the underestimation of microbiopsies/HCG and the overestimation of polymorphic components. The typical cytological features of AIS are the presence of microbiopsies/HCG with mitotic figures in the absence of necrotic tumor diathesis in specimens containing endocervical samples. The recognition of infrequent AIS subtypes (endometrioid and intestinal subtypes) is also important.
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Wang, Yunjia, Hongqi Zhang, Guanteng Yang, Lige Xiao, Jiong Li, and Chaofeng Guo. "Dysregulated Bone Metabolism Is Related to High Expression of miR-151a-3p in Severe Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis." BioMed Research International 2020 (September 27, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4243015.
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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common complex disease, and bone homeostasis plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Recent advances in epigenetic research show that dysregulated miRNAs may participate in the development of orthopedic diseases and AIS. The aim of this study was to detect differentially expressed miRNAs in severe AIS and elucidate the mechanism of miRNA deregulation in the pathogenesis of AIS. In the present study, miRNA expression profiles were detected in severe and mild AIS patients as well as healthy controls by miRNA sequencing. Candidate miRNAs were validated in a larger cohort. Primary osteoblasts from severe AIS patients were extracted and isolated to determine the effect of the candidate miRNAs on bone metabolism. Finally, we determined the methylation level in primary osteoblasts from severe AIS patients. The result showed that miR-151a-3p was overexpressed in severe AIS patients. Reduced GREM1 expression was observed in primary osteoblasts from severe AIS patients. miR-151a-3p directly inhibited GREM1 in primary osteoblasts. Relatively lower methylation levels were detected in primary osteoblasts from severe AIS patients. In conclusion, our study revealed that plasma miR-151a-3p levels may serve as a biomarker for severe AIS. Overexpression of miR-151a-3p may interrupt bone homeostasis via inhibiting GREM1 expression. Our result may provide a new biomarker for the early detection of AIS and increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of AIS.
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Fujitani, Masashi, Yoshinori Otani, and Hisao Miyajima. "Pathophysiological Roles of Abnormal Axon Initial Segments in Neurodevelopmental Disorders." Cells 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 2110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10082110.
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The 20–60 μm axon initial segment (AIS) is proximally located at the interface between the axon and cell body. AIS has characteristic molecular and structural properties regulated by the crucial protein, ankyrin-G. The AIS contains a high density of Na+ channels relative to the cell body, which allows low thresholds for the initiation of action potential (AP). Molecular and physiological studies have shown that the AIS is also a key domain for the control of neuronal excitability by homeostatic mechanisms. The AIS has high plasticity in normal developmental processes and pathological activities, such as injury, neurodegeneration, and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). In the first half of this review, we provide an overview of the molecular, structural, and ion-channel characteristics of AIS, AIS regulation through axo-axonic synapses, and axo−glial interactions. In the second half, to understand the relationship between NDDs and AIS, we discuss the activity-dependent plasticity of AIS, the human mutation of AIS regulatory genes, and the pathophysiological role of an abnormal AIS in NDD model animals and patients. We propose that the AIS may provide a potentially valuable structural biomarker in response to abnormal network activity in vivo as well as a new treatment concept at the neural circuit level.
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Jones, Steven L., and Tatyana M. Svitkina. "Axon Initial Segment Cytoskeleton: Architecture, Development, and Role in Neuron Polarity." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6808293.
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The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized structure in neurons that resides in between axonal and somatodendritic domains. The localization of the AIS in neurons is ideal for its two major functions: it serves as the site of action potential firing and helps to maintain neuron polarity. It has become increasingly clear that the AIS cytoskeleton is fundamental to AIS functions. In this review, we discuss current understanding of the AIS cytoskeleton with particular interest in its unique architecture and role in maintenance of neuron polarity. The AIS cytoskeleton is divided into two parts, submembrane and cytoplasmic, based on localization, function, and molecular composition. Recent studies using electron and subdiffraction fluorescence microscopy indicate that submembrane cytoskeletal components (ankyrin G,βIV-spectrin, and actin filaments) form a sophisticated network in the AIS that is conceptually similar to the polygonal/triangular network of erythrocytes, with some important differences. Components of the AIS cytoplasmic cytoskeleton (microtubules, actin filaments, and neurofilaments) reside deeper within the AIS shaft and display structural features distinct from other neuronal domains. We discuss how the AIS submembrane and cytoplasmic cytoskeletons contribute to different aspects of AIS polarity function and highlight recent advances in understanding their AIS cytoskeletal assembly and stability.
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Il Kim, Kwang, and Keon Myung Lee. "Mining of missing ship trajectory pattern in automatic identification system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.12 (April 3, 2018): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11117.
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Background/Objectives: Ship trajectories in Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) system are generated by integrating the Automatic Identification System (AIS) or Radar system. However, the AIS system has missing data section caused by AIS device problems, radio jamming, and so on. These data have been confusing ship navigators and VTS operators.Methods/Statistical analysis: In order to extract missing AIS data, time intervals of sequent points from each ship trajectory are calculated. The section with missing AIS data is above a threshold time limit defined by characteristics. Using k-means algorithm, missing AIS data were clustered into several clusters stored by ship’s ID and sailing direction. Using association rule mining analysis, meaningful association pattern were calculated by missing AIS dataset.Findings: As a result of the association rule mining, we found several missing AIS situation patterns. In case of the west route, the probability of missing AIS situation is high when they enter the east and passenger routes. Also, the probability of missing AIS situation of passing the passenger route is high when that ship enter the LNG, east and west routes.Improvements/Applications: These results can be used to predict the probability of missing AIS data in VTS system.
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Farber, S. Harrison, Scott L. Parker, Owoicho Adogwa, Matthew J. McGirt, and Daniele Rigamonti. "Effect of Antibiotic-Impregnated Shunts on Infection Rate in Adult Hydrocephalus: A Single Institution's Experience." Neurosurgery 69, no. 3 (April 14, 2011): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e31821bc435.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the treatment of hydrocephalus. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated shunt (AIS) systems in reducing CSF shunt infections in pediatric patients. Fewer studies evaluate the efficacy of AIS systems in adult hydrocephalus. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether categorical conversion to AIS shunt systems reduced the incidence of shunt infection in adults. METHODS: All adult patients undergoing CSF shunt insertion over a 7-year period were retrospectively reviewed (2004–2009). In 2006, a categorical switch to AIS catheters was made. Before 2006, standard nonimpregnated shunt catheters were used. We retrospectively reviewed the first 250 cases of AIS catheter implantation and compared them with the immediately preceding 250 non-AIS cases to assess 1-year incidence of CSF shunt infection. RESULTS: Five hundred shunt surgeries were performed for normal-pressure hydrocephalus in 378 patients (76%), pseudotumor cerebri in 83 patients (17%), and various obstructive/communicating hydrocephalus etiologies in 40 patients (8%). All patients were followed for 12 months. The mean age was 60 ± 18 years. Baseline characteristics were similar between AIS (n = 250) and non-AIS (n = 250) cohorts. Overall, 13 patients (2.6%) experienced CSF shunt infection, occurring a mean of 2 ± 2 months postoperatively. Shunt infection incidence was decreased in AIS (1.2%) vs non-AIS (4.0%) cohorts (P = .0492). Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common pathogen in AIS and non-AIS cohorts. Oxacillin resistance was not increased in the AIS cohort. CONCLUSION: Categorical conversion to AIS catheters was associated with a reduced incidence of shunt infection. AIS catheters may be a reliable instrument for decreasing perioperative shunt colonization and subsequent infection in adults with hydrocephalus.
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Wolsing, Konrad, Linus Roepert, Jan Bauer, and Klaus Wehrle. "Anomaly Detection in Maritime AIS Tracks: A Review of Recent Approaches." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010112.
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The automatic identification system (AIS) was introduced in the maritime domain to increase the safety of sea traffic. AIS messages are transmitted as broadcasts to nearby ships and contain, among others, information about the identification, position, speed, and course of the sending vessels. AIS can thus serve as a tool to avoid collisions and increase onboard situational awareness. In recent years, AIS has been utilized in more and more applications since it enables worldwide surveillance of virtually any larger vessel and has the potential to greatly support vessel traffic services and collision risk assessment. Anomalies in AIS tracks can indicate events that are relevant in terms of safety and also security. With a plethora of accessible AIS data nowadays, there is a growing need for the automatic detection of anomalous AIS data. In this paper, we survey 44 research articles on anomaly detection of maritime AIS tracks. We identify the tackled AIS anomaly types, assess their potential use cases, and closely examine the landscape of recent AIS anomaly research as well as their limitations.
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Murthy, Uday S., and Linda Ragland. "Towards an Understanding of Accounting Information Systems as a Discipline: A Comparative Analysis of Topical Coverage in AIS and MIS Courses." AIS Educator Journal 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3194/aise.2009.4.1.1.
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Abstract The accounting information systems (AIS) discipline lacks a sense of identity relative to the closely related field of management information systems (MIS). By identifying how AIS is evolving and what makes AIS unique from MIS, the field can gain a better understanding of its importance. We analyze a sample of syllabi for the introductory AIS and MIS courses, focusing on similarities and differences between the AIS and MIS fields as reflected in the topical coverage choices made by AIS and MIS educators. We also investigate the effects of the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on topical coverage in the introductory AIS course. The findings reveal that while AIS courses have a unique focus on transaction processing and internal controls relative to MIS courses, more technical topics such as hardware and software issues and IS solutions are covered more commonly in MIS courses rather than AIS courses. We also find that AIS topical coverage has changed since the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, with a more pronounced focus on internal control and security compared to the pre-Sarbanes Oxley era. The key contribution of this paper is in providing empirical evidence in support of the “intersection view” of AIS, which asserts that while AIS and MIS have some topics in common there are also many issues unique to each field.
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Lin, Jiacai, Siting Wu, Rui Xu, Qiang Shi, Chenglin Tian, Fang Cui, Xue Shao, and Hui Liu. "Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Lung Cancer-Associated Acute Ischemic Stroke." BioMed Research International 2019 (December 18, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6021037.
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Objective. To research the clinical characteristics and risk factors of lung cancer-associated acute ischemic stroke (LCA-AIS). Methods. Patients diagnosed with LCA-AIS, simple lung cancer, and simple AIS were enrolled. The primary information, laboratory results, tumor histopathology, neurological deficits, and survival time of the patients were collected and analyzed. Results. (1) In the LCA-AIS group, the pathology of 69.56% patients were adenocarcinoma, and the proportion of poorly differentiated patients was significantly more than that in moderately differentiated or highly differentiated. The number of stage IV lung cancer patients in the LCA-AIS group was significantly more common than in other stages. (2) 56.52% of patients with lung cancer were diagnosed before AIS, and the peak of AIS attack was 1–6 months after the diagnosis of lung cancer. (3) The independent risk factors of LCA-AIS were CYFRA-211 (OR 1.070; 95% confidence interval 1.005, 1.139; p=0.035), TT (OR 1.275; 95% confidence interval 1.089, 1.493; p=0.003), and Hct (OR 0.878; 95% confidence interval 0.779, 0.990; p=0.034), making ROC curve, suggesting the area under the curve is 0.871. (4) The neurological deficit of patients in the LCA-AIS group was similar to the simple AIS group and could not be identified by the severity of neurological deficits. (5) The median survival time of LCA-AIS group patients was five months (95% confidence interval 3.796, 6.204). There were statistical differences in survival time between LCA-AIS group and simple AIS group patients (p<0.001).Conclusions. The interaction between lung cancer and AIS may shorten patients’ life expectancy and worsen their quality of life.
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Murakami, Tsukasa, Kenichi Sakakura, Hiroyuki Jinnouchi, Yousuke Taniguchi, Takunori Tsukui, Yusuke Watanabe, Kei Yamamoto, Masaru Seguchi, Hiroshi Wada, and Hideo Fujita. "Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Who Underwent Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030840.
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Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a rare but critical complication following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The risk of AIS or transient ischemic attack (TIA) may be amplified by invasive procedures, including primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with in-hospital AIS/TIA in patients with STEMI who required primary PCI. Methods: We included 941 STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI and divided them into an AIS/TIA group (n = 39) and a non-AIS/TIA group (n = 902), according to new-onset AIS/TIA. The primary interest was to find the factors associated with AIS/TIA by multivariate logistic regression analysis. We also compared clinical outcomes between the AIS/TIA and non-AIS/TIA groups. Results: The incidence of in-hospital deaths was significantly higher in the AIS/TIA group (46.2%) than in the non-AIS/TIA group (6.3%) (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that cardiogenic shock (OR 3.228, 95% CI 1.492–6.986, p = 0.003), new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) (OR 2.280, 95% CI 1.033–5.031, p = 0.041), trans-femoral approach (OR 2.336, 95% CI 1.093–4.992, p = 0.029), use of ≥4 catheters (OR 3.715, 95% CI 1.831–7.537, p < 0.001), and bleeding academic research consortium (BARC) type 3 or 5 bleeding (OR 2.932, 95% CI 1.256–6.846, p = 0.013) were significantly associated with AIS/TIA. Conclusion: In STEMI patients with primary PCI, new-onset AIS/TIA was significantly associated with cardiogenic shock, new-onset AF, trans-femoral approach, the use of ≥4 catheters, and BARC type 3 or 5 bleeding. We should recognize these modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors for AIS/TIA in the treatment of STEMI.
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Findakly, Dawood, Runhua Shi, Gary Von Burton, and Samip R. Master. "Aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer therapy: Analysis of real-world FAERS data." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.1051.
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1051 Background: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are extremely effective adjuvant treatment in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (HRPBC). We utilized the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to evaluate the musculoskeletal (MSK), fractures, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) adverse events (AEs) caused by AIs. Methods: We conducted a retrospective FAERS public database review to assess the MSK, fracture, and IHD AEs for the three AIs (anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) from 2001 through 2021. Chi-square was used to compare categorical variables. Results: A total of 31,683 AEs reports were identified, out of which, 15,140 (47.8%) were MSK, 13,311 (42.0%) were fracture, and 3,232 (10.2%) were IHD. The differences in AEs distributions among the three drug classes were statistically significant for MSK and fracture AEs (P < 0.001) but not reached statistical significance for IHD AEs (P = 0.140). MSK AEs were mostly reported with anastrozole, followed by exemestane, and letrozole in 35.23%, 33.97%, and 32.06%, respectively (P < 0.001). Compared to older individuals, younger adults (≤65 years) had higher rates of MSK AEs—mostly with anastrozole (38.43%, P < 0.001), followed by exemestane (36.37%, P = 0.006) and letrozole (34.28%, P < 0.001). Fracture AEs were mostly reported, in descending order, with letrozole, exemestane, and anastrozole in 12.07%, 11.41%, and 9.34% respectively (P < 0.001). Older adults (> 65 years) had higher rates of fracture AEs with letrozole (16.77%, P < 0.001) and anastrozole (10.37%, P < 0.001), while unable to demonstrate statistical significance with exemestane (13.48%, P = 0.108). Among older adults (> 65 years), IHD AEs were significantly reported with anastrozole (21.56%, P < 0.001) and exemestane (14.18%, P = 0.016) but no statistical significance reached for letrozole (14.12%, P = 0.528). Conclusions: The findings in this study highlight trends for selected AEs with various AI regimens, provide further insights, and help guide therapeutic decisions for patients with HRPBC.
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Jones, Steven L., Farida Korobova, and Tatyana Svitkina. "Axon initial segment cytoskeleton comprises a multiprotein submembranous coat containing sparse actin filaments." Journal of Cell Biology 205, no. 1 (April 7, 2014): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201401045.
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The axon initial segment (AIS) of differentiated neurons regulates action potential initiation and axon–dendritic polarity. The latter function depends on actin dynamics, but actin structure and functions at the AIS remain unclear. Using platinum replica electron microscopy (PREM), we have characterized the architecture of the AIS cytoskeleton in mature and developing hippocampal neurons. The AIS cytoskeleton assembly begins with bundling of microtubules and culminates in formation of a dense, fibrillar–globular coat over microtubule bundles. Immunogold PREM revealed that the coat contains a network of known AIS proteins, including ankyrin G, spectrin βIV, neurofascin, neuronal cell adhesion molecule, voltage-gated sodium channels, and actin filaments. Contrary to existing models, we find neither polarized actin arrays, nor dense actin meshworks in the AIS. Instead, the AIS contains two populations of sparse actin filaments: short, stable filaments and slightly longer dynamic filaments. We propose that stable actin filaments play a structural role for formation of the AIS diffusion barrier, whereas dynamic actin may promote AIS coat remodeling.
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Jiang, Heng, Shulun Liang, Kai He, Jinghua Hu, Enjie Xu, Tao Lin, Yichen Meng, et al. "Exome sequencing analysis identifies frequent oligogenic involvement and FLNB variants in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis." Journal of Medical Genetics 57, no. 6 (May 7, 2020): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106411.
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BackgroundAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a genetically heterogeneous disease characterised by three-dimensional deformity of the spine in the absence of a congenital spinal anomaly or neurological musculoskeletal disorder. The clinical variability and incomplete penetrance of some genes linked with AIS indicate that this disease constitutes an oligogenic trait.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the oligogenic nature of this disease and identify novel AIS genes.MethodsWe analysed rare damaging variants within AIS-associated genes by using exome sequencing in 40 AIS trios and 183 sporadic patients.ResultsMultiple variants within AIS-associated genes were identified in eight AIS trios, and five individuals harboured rare damaging variants in the FLNB gene. The patients showed more frequent oligogenicity than the controls. In the gene-based burden test, the top signal resided in FLNB. In functional studies, we found that the AIS-associated FLNB variants altered the protein’s conformation and subcellular localisation and its interaction with other proteins (TTC26 and OFD1) involved in AIS. The most compelling evidence of an oligogenic basis was that the number of rare damaging variants was recognised as an independent prognostic factor for curve progression in Cox regression analysis.ConclusionOur data indicate that AIS is an oligogenic disease and identify FLNB as a susceptibility gene for AIS.
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Zhang, Tao, Shuai Zhao, Bo Cheng, and Junliang Chen. "Detection of AIS Closing Behavior and MMSI Spoofing Behavior of Ships Based on Spatiotemporal Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12040702.
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In marine transportation, many ships are equipped with AIS devices. The AIS data sent by AIS devices can help the maritime authorities and other ships obtain the navigation condition of the ship, thereby ensuring the safety of ships during navigation. However, when a ship is involved in illegal activities, the crew may close the AIS device or tamper with Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) in the AIS data. To detect these two kinds of behaviors, this paper designs the AIS closing detection algorithm and MMSI spoofing detection algorithm based on the spatiotemporal data provided by AIS and radar. As the radar data does not include the ship’s identification, the associated relationship between radar data and AIS data is difficult to determine in the multi-ship scenario. To solve this problem, the D-TRAP is defined in this paper, it is applied in the process of searching for the associated AIS points of radar trajectory points, when the number of effective AIS points is reduced caused by the above two behaviors, the association method used in the paper has better performance. In addition, real data and simulation data are used to verify the two algorithms. The verification results show that when the ship is simultaneously monitored by radar and AIS, and the monitoring process continues for a period of time, the AIS closing detection algorithm has good performance. When the ship is monitored by AIS and radar before and after MMSI spoofing, and both monitoring processes continue for a period of time, the MMSI spoofing algorithm has good performance.
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Yun, Soo Young, Young Jin Heo, Hae Woong Jeong, Jin Wook Baek, Hye Jung Choo, Jung Hwa Seo, Sung Tae Kim, Ji Young Lee, and Sung Chul Jin. "Spontaneous intracranial vertebral artery dissection with acute ischemic stroke: High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging findings." Neuroradiology Journal 31, no. 3 (March 22, 2018): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400918764129.
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Background Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) more frequently develops in patients with intracranial vertebral artery dissection (VAD) than extracranial VAD, and is associated with possible poor clinical outcomes. The aim of this study is to compare high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) findings and clinical features of VAD with and without AIS. Methods Twenty-nine lesions from 27 patients (15 male and 12 female patients; age range = 28–73 years) who underwent diffusion MRI and 3T HR-MRI within seven days were included. We classified VAD according to the presence of AIS lesions on diffusion MRI. Clinical features and HR-MRI findings (angiographic patterns, presence of double lumen sign, dissecting flap, posterior inferior cerebellar artery involvement, remodeling index, length of affected vessels, T1-signal intensity, area of intramural hematoma, and grades and patterns of vessel wall enhancement) were evaluated. Results Thirteen VADs with AIS and 16 without AIS were included. There were no significant differences in the clinical parameters (sex, age, risk factors, symptoms). More VADs with AIS presented as a steno-occlusive pattern than VADs without AIS. More VADs without AIS presented with aneurysmal dilation, larger mean remodeling index and longer mean length than VADs with AIS. Presence of intramural hematoma, T1-iso-signal intensity of intramural hematoma and contrast enhancement were significantly more common in VADs with AIS than without AIS. Conclusions Our study showed some differences in HR-MRI comparing intracranial VAD patients with and without AIS. Differing findings may facilitate a better understanding of intracranial VAD and risk assessment of AIS in these patients.
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Chen, Minrui, Weiliang Luo, Jiming Li, Kaiyi Cao, Xiaohui Li, Huihong Huang, and Yan He. "Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study in Southern China." International Journal of Endocrinology 2021 (June 14, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517228.
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Objective. To explore the associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and stroke by evaluating the clinical risk factors, characteristics, and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with and without type 2 DM. Methods. A total of 1,156 AIS patients (including 410 with type 2 DM (AIS-DM group)) and 746 without type 2 DM (AIS-NDM group)) were included. Patients’ demographics, auxiliary examinations, clinical manifestations, and treatment outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results. Among the included AIS patients, 35.46% had type 2 DM. The AIS-DM group had less males (59.76% versus 70.64%), less smokers (33.90% versus 41.96%), more patients with hypertension (72.93% versus 63.94%; p = 0.002 ), higher triglyceride levels (42.93% versus 25.08%; p ≤ 0.01 ), and lower total cholesterol (147.06 mg/dl versus 175.31 mg/dl) than the AIS-NDM group. The proportion of patients with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) in the AIS-DM group was lower (77.56% versus 85.92%; p < 0.05 ) than that in the AIS-NDM group, and the proportion of patients with small arterial occlusions (SAO) in the AIS-DM group was higher (27.07% versus 13.67%; p < 0.05 ) than that in the AIS-NDM group. The mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission in the AIS-DM group was lower than that in the AIS-NDM group (4.39 versus 5.00; p = 0.008 ), but there was no significant difference in the NIHSS score or the modified Rankin Scale score between the two groups at discharge. A total of 85 AIS patients underwent intravenous thrombolysis treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). The door-to-needle time (DNT) did not differ significantly between the groups (49.39 ± 30.40 min versus 44.25 ± 15.24 min; p = 0.433 ). In addition, there were no significant differences in the baseline NIHSS score, 7-day NIHSS score, and mRS score at discharge between the groups. After intravenous thrombolysis with rtPA, the AIS-NDM group had better recovery (44.30% versus 29.20%; p = 0.017 ) and a higher ratio of good treatment outcome at discharge (65.60% versus 54.20%; p = 0.762 ). Conclusions. Type 2 DM is associated with AIS and its risk factors, such as dyslipidemia and hypertension. Patients in the AIS-DM group had less LAA and smaller arterial occlusions, and DM could exacerbate the short-term clinical outcomes in AIS patients.
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RACHMAN, ISA, RAMADANI BIMA HAMMAM NURAFALAH, and NOORMAN RINANTO. "Akuisisi Data NMEA 0183 AIS Berbasis Mikrokontroler sebagai Sistem Monitoring Informasi Kapal." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 7, no. 1 (January 24, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v7i1.97.
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ABSTRAKData kapal dari perangkat AIS (Automatic Identification System) merupakan sumber informasi bagi nahkoda kapal laut. Informasi-informasi tersebut diperoleh dengan mengubah menu secara manual pada layar AIS yang berukuran kecil. Pembuatan perangkat pada penelitian ini difungsikan sebagai pendukung kinerja AIS dalam penyampaian informasi secara berkelanjutan dan otomatis. Data NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) 0183 dari AIS MA-500TR diakuisisi melalui proses penafsiran, pemilihan, penguraian dan pengurutan untuk menghasilkan data RMC (Recommended Minimum Specific) menggunakan bahasa C pada Arduino Uno R3. Kesesuaian tampilan data RMC untuk waktu, posisi dan tanggal pada modul LED P10 dengan AIS MA-500TR sebesar 100 %. Sedangkan tampilan untuk kecepatan dan heading pada modul LED P10 memiliki akurasi lebih tinggi daripada AIS MA-500TR karena mampu menampilkan dua digit angka setelah tanda koma.Kata kunci: kapal, AIS, informasi, NMEA 0183, akuisisi ABSTRACTShip’s data from the AIS (Automatic Identification System) device is a source of information for the shipmaster. That information is obtained by manually changing the menu on the small size of the AIS screen. The prototype in this study is used to support AIS performance in order to get information continuously and automatically. NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) 0183 data from the AIS MA-500TR was acquired through the process of interpretation, filtering, parsing and sorting to generate RMC (Recommended Minimum Specific) data using C language on the Arduino Uno R3. The accuracy of RMC data display for time, position and date on the LED P10 module with the AIS MA-500TR are 100 %. While the display for speed and heading on the LED P10 module has a higher accuracy than the AIS MA-500TR because it is able to display two-digit numbers after a comma.Keywords: ship, AIS, information, NMEA 0183, acquisition
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Hajiha, Zohreh. "Effective Factors on Alignment of Accounting Information Systems in Manufacturing Companies: Evidence from Iran." Information Management and Business Review 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v3i3.929.
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This study examines accounting information systems (AIS) alignment and its effective factors in the context of manufacturing companies in industries of food and beverage, sugar, materials and pharmaceutical companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), in Iran. Strategic alignment is very important in increasing company's performance, however, few studies have been made to investigate the factors that affect alignment and therefore, in this study we aimed to identify different levels of AIS alignment of Iranian companies and then investigated the factors that affect in this alignment. We defined AIS alignment as adoption between AIS requirements and AIS capacity. Using a questionnaire, data from 81 companies (include their financial and executive managers) were gathered on nineteen accounting information specifications for both requirements and capacity of AIS. We applied moderation view for fitness between these two items. Then cluster analysis was applied to categorize companies in two groups of aligned and unaligned. The study then investigated some factors that might be related to AIS alignment. Findings indicate that AIS alignment was related to level of manager’s accounting and IT knowledge; usage of accounting and audit firms as external experts of AIS; and usage of internal IT staff. The company size is also related to AIS alignment. It is important for companies to consider these effective factors on their AIS alignment so that opportunities can be recognized to improve AIS alignment that support their information needs in competitive environment.