Relevant bibliographies by topics / Airspace (International law)

Academic literature on the topic 'Airspace (International law)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Airspace (International law)"

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Kareng, Yaya. "INTERNATIONAL AVIATION/AIRSPACE LAW AN OVERVIEW." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 4, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v4i1.10941.

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Aviation law is the branch of law that concerns flight, air travel, and associated legal and business concerns. Some of its area of concern overlaps that of admiralty law and, in many cases, aviation law is considered a matter of international law due to the nature of air travel. However, the business aspects of airlines and their regulation also fall under aviation law. In the international realm, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) provides general rules and mediates international concerns to an extent regarding aviation law. The ICAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations. In the United States and in most European nations, aviation law is considered a federal or state-level concern and is regulated at that level. In the U.S., states cannot govern aviation matters in most cases directly but look to Federal laws and case law for this function instead. For example, a court recently struck down New York's Passenger Bill of Rights law because regulation of aviation is traditionally a federal concern. Aviation law, however, is not in the United States held under the same Federal mandate of jurisdiction as admiralty law; that is, while the United States Constitution provides for the administration of admiralty,[1] it does not provide such for aviation law. States and municipalities do have some indirect regulation over aviation. For example, zoning laws can require an airport to be located away from residential areas, and airport usage can be restricted to certain times of day. State product-liabilitys law are not preempted by Federal law and in most cases, aviation manufacturers may be held strictly liable for defects in aviation products. Space law, which governs matters in outer space beyond the Earth's atmosphere, is a rather new area of law but one that already has its own journals and academic support. Much of space law is connected to aviation law.
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Barus, Yan Jefri. "Jurisdiction Of A Country’s Air Territorry In International Law Perspective." Journal of Law Science 3, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/jls.v3i3.1673.

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The sovereignty of a country is no longer absolute or absolute, but at certain limits it must respect the sovereignty of other countries, which are regulated through international law. This is what became known as the relative sovereignty of the state. In the context of international law, a sovereign state must essentially obey and respect international law, as well as the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other countries. The problem in this research is How is the JURISDICTION of a country's airspace? What are the principles of air law adopted by nations in the world (internationally)? How is the JURISDICTION of a country's airspace in the perspective of international law? Its basic function is to show the way to solve research problems. The airspace contained above the land area, inland waters, and territorial sea is included in the jurisdiction of a country. This can be seen from article 1 of the Chicago Convention 1944 concerning International Civil Aviation: "State sovereignty in the air space above its territorial area is complete and exclusive sovereignity". This provision is one of the main pillars of international law governing air space. The principles of international air law include the principle of airspace sovereignty, the principle of JURISDICTION of air space, and the principle of responsibility. The principles in jurisdiction are the principle of territorial, national, passive personality, protection or security, universality, and crime according to applicable legal criteria. In relation to state jurisdiction in airspace, very closely related to law enforcement in the airspace. With jurisdiction, the country concerned has the authority and responsibility in the air to carry out law enforcement in air space.
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ERKARA, Mustafa Burak, and Polathan KÜSBECİ. "Ege Hava Sahası:Türkiye ve Yunanistan Sorunları." Journal of Social Research and Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 19 (June 25, 2023): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/jsrbs.9.19.14.

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Discussions on the width of the national airspace have been a frequent topic on the agenda of Turkish-Greek relations after 1974. Discussions on this issue arise, in particular, from the difference between the width of the Greek national territorial sea and the width of its airspace. The rules of international law, while regulating the rights related to the sovereignty of the states, stipulated that the sovereignty of the state covers the territorial lands, the territorial seas forming the coasts of these lands, and the airspace over these regions as a whole. In short, the territorial sea border of a state and the width of its national airspace must be the same; It is accepted that the state has exclusive sovereign rights over these areas. Although airspace problems are not a problem that directly affects the relations between Turkey and Greece, they come to the fore at various times as a secondary problem among other problems. Airspace issues, which is a problem of international law, is a research subject that is suitable for obtaining many findings related to international politics. There are previous studies on this subject in Turkey. However, in this study, it has tried to deal with the issue from the perspective of international relations as much as possible. Keywords: Turkey, Greece, International Law, Airspace, Aegean Sea
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Tiwery, Zepty Fence, Irma Halima Hanafi, and Welly Angela Riry. "Pelanggaran Wilayah Udara Indonesia Oleh Pesawat Asing Menurut Hukum Internasional." Balobe Law Journal 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/balobe.v4i1.2046.

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Introductioan: Indonesian airspace violation committed by a foreign aircraft in the case of the forced landing of a Boeing 777 foreign cargo plane on January 14, 2019. The aircraft entered Indonesian airspace without permission or Flight Clearance (FC) so it had to be forcibly landed by the Indonesian Air Force at Hang Nadim International Airport, Batam, Riau Islands. Such violations are clearly contrary to applicable law.Purposes of the Research: Know the regulation of Indonesian airspace according to international law and how law enforcement in Indonesian airspace.Methods of the Research: Normative juridical which conducts research on law based on laws and regulations related to the problem under study. The research approach carried out is the concept approach, legislation approach and case approach.Results of the Research: The regulation of Indonesian airspace according to international law must use the provisions of international law such as the Chicago Convention of 1944 and Law No.1 of 2009, Government Regulation No.4 of 2018 and Law No.34 of 2004. Law enforcement in Indonesian airspace still experiences limitations and obstacles due to the fact that foreign aircraft can enter. Therefore, there are still many obstacles in surveillance and defense equipment because it does not have radar that has the ability to detect incoming foreign aircraft so that the TNI must coordinate first..
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Doroshenko, Dmytro. "Some issues of regulation of international flights by the legislation of Ukraine." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.2.2020.98.

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The article reveals the interpretation of the concept of “international flights” in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine andsubstantiates the opinion that it is advisable to fix the corresponding definition in the provisions of the Air Code of Ukraine. In addition,the concepts of “legal regime of international flight” and “airspace of Ukraine” are analyzed, in particular, attention is paid to the problemsof establishing the boundaries of state sovereignty over airspace and various approaches to their solution and the author’s positionwith respect to this phenomenon are considered.In addition, the study of national legislation and international legal regulation of international flights provides an opportunity toidentify commonalities and differences and understand at what stage of the flight state legal regulation ceases to operate, and internationalnorms are gaining strength.The norms of international air law regulate the relations of states regarding the implementation of international flights by theiraircraft, which should be understood as flights through the airspace over the territory of more than one state. From the point of view of law, the sphere of international law covers two levels: 1) legal regulation of international flights in the airspace of a number of states;2) legal regulation of flights in international airspace. Each state independently determines the procedure for admission of foreign aircraftto its airspace. Such a permit system is the basis of the legal regime of the airspace of all states today, which is mandatory for bothscheduled and non-scheduled international flights.Note that no differences were found. The article also reveals the features of aviation and characterizes its types, which includecivil and state aviation. The author also examined the problems existing in the legislation of Ukraine in the field of safety of internationalflights and suggested possible solutions.
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Vodolaskova, Kateryna, and Svitlana Holovko. "HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND OVERVIEW OF LEGAL UNDERSTANDING OF AIRSPACE SOVEREIGNTY CONCEPT." Scientific works of National Aviation University. Series: Law Journal "Air and Space Law" 1, no. 66 (March 31, 2023): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2307-9061.66.17411.

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Goal: define different ideas of the concept of "sovereignty in aviation space" and consider the stages of development of the concept of airspace sovereignty in the context of the airspace bordering the territory of the state. Research methods: documentary analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, cognitive and analytical, as well as methods of systematization and generalizations. Results: the analysis of legal acts of international significance in the field of aviation law, which determined the modern understanding of the concept of sovereignty in airspace, was carried out. Discussion: deep analysis made it possible to determine that the official recognition of airspace sovereignty under international law gave all states the right to establish rules and exercise sovereign control of any power over their sovereign airspace.
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Virág, Enikő. "International Air Law – Airspace Rules in Three Dimensions." Hungarian Yearbook of International Law and European Law 5, no. 1 (December 2017): 575–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/hyiel/266627012017005001031.

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Otília Kiss, Krisztina. "Reopening the Upper Airspace over Kosovo for Civil Air Traffic: The Road Thereto." Air and Space Law 46, Issue 4/5 (September 1, 2021): 603–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2021034.

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Over twenty years have passed since the insurrection in Kosovo which ended with the introduction of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), in June 1999. The establishment of the State of Kosovo has raised multiple questions and challenged public international law doctrines in different ways. The validity of unilateral State succession in the post-colonial era, the international legal personality of international intergovernmental organizations, and the exercise of sovereign rights by other entities than States are among the questions that the international community has had to contend with. The present essay elaborates the aviation law-related aspects of these challenges, more precisely the reopening of the upper airspace of Kosovo, with a special focus on the legal solutions of the Implementing Agreement Between Hungary and the International Security Force in Kosovo (KFOR) (Implementing Agreement Between the Government of Hungary and International Security Force in Kosovo (KFOR) for the Provision of Air Navigation Services (ANS) and Other Relevant Activities in the Designated Airspace over Kosovo as promulgated by Act No. CCXLVIII of 2013 on Promulgation of the Implementing Agreement Between the Government of Hungary and International Security Force in Kosovo (KFOR) for the Provision of ANS and Other Relevant Activities in the Designated Airspace over Kosovo.). airspace, sovereignty, NATO, Kosovo, Hungary
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Lamont, Christopher K. "Conflict in the Skies: The Law of Air Defence Identification Zones." Air and Space Law 39, Issue 3 (June 1, 2014): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2014014.

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Air Defence Identification Zones (ADIZs), designated areas of non-territorial airspace where States impose reporting obligations on civil and military aircraft, constitute a highly contentious security practice, and in the absence of an international legal framework to regulate unilateral ADIZ declarations by States, find themselves increasingly contested with States advancing competing claims on the limits of their scope and reporting obligations. China's 23 November 2013 declaration of an East China Sea ADIZ highlights two important questions that arise from this contested security practice. The first question stems from conflicting positions on the extent to which States can impose reporting obligations on aircraft operating outside of territorial airspace, while the second question revolves around what, if any, impact the exercise of administrative control in airspace can have upon territorial claims advanced by States. In order to explore both of the above questions this article will provide an introduction to the practice and law of ADIZs before examining two distinct ADIZ regimes, those maintained by the United States and China. This article will observe that while international law does not prohibit States from declaring ADIZs in non-territorial airspace, it does prohibit States from restricting air navigation outside of territorial airspace and thus certain reporting requirements demanded on the part of States may extend beyond what is permissible under international law.
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Setiani, Baiq. "Konsep Kedaulatan Negara di Ruang Udara dan Upaya Penegakan Pelanggaran Kedaulatan oleh Pesawat Udara Asing." Jurnal Konstitusi 14, no. 3 (January 9, 2018): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk1432.

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Pengakuan dunia internasional akan wilayah udara sebagai bagian dari kedaulatan negara memberikan legitimasi yang kuat bagi Indonesia sebagai suatu negara yang luas. Namun kondisi ini dapat berubah manakala Indonesia tidak mampu menguasai wilayah kedirgantaraannya sebagai penopang ekonomi dan pertahanan nasional. Ditambah dengan masalah pelanggaran batas kedaulatan yang sering dilakukan oleh pesawat militer negara asing. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi tiga permasalahan, yaitu (1) bagaimana konsep kedaulatan negara di ruang udara menurut hukum internasional dan peraturan perundangan nasional, (2) apa saja bentuk pelanggaran kedaulatan negara di ruang udara nasional, dan (3) bagaimana upaya penegakan atas pelanggaran kedaulatan negara di ruang udara nasional dalam menjaga pertahanan negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), serta pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach). Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa (1) baik hukum internasional dan peraturan perundangan nasional telah mengukuhkan kedaulatan negara di ruang udara yang bersifat penuh dan utuh (complete and exclusive), (2) sejumlah insiden pelanggaran izin masuk dan melintasnya pesawat-pesawat asing ke wilayah udara Indonesia, di mana kebanyakan dari pesawat asing tersebut adalah pesawat militer, dan (3) upaya penegakan atas pelanggaran kedaulatan di wilayah ruang udara nasional, antara lain penegakan hukum terhadap pelanggaran wilayah udara kedaulatan Republik Indonesia dan pelanggaran terhadap kawasan udara terlarang, baik kawasan udara nasional maupun asing.International recognition of airspace as part of state sovereignty gives strong legitimacy to Indonesia as a wide country. However, this condition can be changed when Indonesia can’t control the airspace territory as a pillar of the economic and national defense. The problem increase with several sovereignty violations where that often perpetrated by military aircraft of foreign countries. This research was conducted by identifying three issues, those are (1) how does the concept of state sovereignty over the airspace according to international law and national legislation, (2) what kind of state sovereignty violation over the national airspace, and (3) how does the enforcement efforts on state sovereignty violations in the national airspace maintaining the country’s defense. The method of this research used normative legal research with statute approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. This research concluded (1) both the international law and national legislation have confirmed the country’s sovereignty over the airspace are complete and exclusive, (2) number of incidents of breach entry and passage of the foreign aircrafts to Indonesian airspace, which most of the foreign aircraft are military aircraft, and (3) the enforcement effort of sovereignty violations over the national airspace is law enforcement against sovereignty violations over the Republic of Indonesia airspace and the violation of prohibited airspace, both of national and foreign airspaces.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Airspace (International law)"

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Park, Won-Hwa. "The boundary of the airspace and International Law /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66216.

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Hornik, Jiří. "Navigation in airspace - a legal trichotomy." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34011.

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The invention of the airship and subsequently, at the beginning of the last century, of the airplane made legislators think about comprehensive legal regulation of navigation in airspace. The scope of the first laws and international treaties was limited to the regulation of navigation performed by a vehicle deriving its support in the air from reactions against the air, either aerostatic or aerodynamic. As technical developments have advanced, new vehicles capable of navigating in airspace have been invented using different principles of support in the air. Due to their different support in the air, they fail to comply with the definition of aircraft in its present wording, as set forth in the regulatory system of the Chicago Convention, the only multilateral international treaty dealing with basic aspects of navigation in airspace.
Generally, there are at present three categories of vehicles capable of navigating in airspace---non-aircraft, state aircraft, and civil aircraft. Consequently, there are three legal frameworks---a legal trichotomy---to apply for navigation in the air. An analysis of this trichotomy and its impact on the safety of navigation is the objective of this thesis. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Trepczynski, Susan J. "Edge of space : emerging technologies, the 'new' space industry, and the continuing debate on the delimitation of outer space." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101829.

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Nearly fifty years have passed since the beginning of the space age, but international lawmakers have yet to determine where airspace ends and outer space begins. This paper examines the need to settle the boundary dispute, specifically taking into account the effect it has on emerging technologies and the 'new' space industry.
The opening chapter examines the fundamental changes that have occurred since the beginning of the space age, both in terms of the technology and the space exploration infrastructure. The background of the delimitation question is then provided, followed by a discussion of the legal significance of the boundary issue. The final chapter analyzes the spatialist and functionalist approaches to the delimitation of outer space, looking at the pros and cons of each position.
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Grief, Nicholas. "Public international law in the airspace of the high seas." Thesis, University of Kent, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293127.

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Halstead, C. Brandon. ""There is no gravity ... " proposal for a new legal paradigm for air law and space law : orbit law." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100240.

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As the debate over demarcation between airspace and outer space remains unresolved, advancements in technology are bringing these two realms of flight closer than ever before. Rather than relying on traditional functional or spatial approaches to define the legal framework of flight, this paper proposes a completely new legal system based on orbital status known as "Orbit Law."
The first chapter examines the functional versus spatial debate, and highlights those aspects of existing International Air Law and Space Law which may be useful to an Orbit Law regime. Chapter II studies the science bridging air flight with space flight, and proposes the standardization of safety requirements for all suborbital and orbital flights. Finally Chapter III outlines the new legal principles of Orbit Law, highlighting innovative submissions for suborbital and orbital flights, solutions to issues of liability, and "Open Skies" for all flights.
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Reinhardt, Dean N. "The vertical limit of state sovereignty /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83956.

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There is no international agreement on the vertical limit of State sovereignty, the boundary between territorial airspace and outer space. The need for defining this boundary has been debated for over 50 years. Today, the need to settle this gap in the law is growing in importance. This thesis concludes that setting a low vertical limit on State sovereignty is the best approach because it will allow all States free access to space and enable uniform international rules to be set at a relatively low altitude.
Chapter I discusses territorial sovereignty and examines the evolution of vertical sovereignty. It then compares this to the evolution of the law governing territorial seas and concludes by examining the airspace laws of several States. Chapter II reviews the reasons demarcation is important. Chapter III discusses past proposals for demarcation and recommends setting a low vertical limit on State sovereignty.
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Peterson, Mark Edward. "The UAV and the current and future regulatory construct for integration into the national airspace system /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99149.

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ("UAV") have been a part of aviation from the infancy of manned aviation; yet, have not reached their fullest potential as they are not integrated into the national airspace system ("NAS"). However, we are at the edge of technological breakthroughs to make integration a reality. Nevertheless, the regulatory construct necessary to provide safe integration of UAVs is unfinished. This thesis looks at necessary regulatory changes within the United States to allow for integration of the UAV into the NAS. I will first define the UAV and look at its historical roots. Then, I will review existing regulations and directives of manned flight that would apply to UAVs, as well as various rules specifically for UAVs that now exist. Through this examination, I will review the gaps and offer recommendations to fill regulatory holes in hopes to provide a useful contribution to the eventual integrated flight of UAVs.
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Bartlik, Martin. "The impact of EU law on the regulation of international air transportation /." Aldershot : Ashgate, 2007. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00245074.pdf.

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Laing, Melissa Catherine. "Through the Transit Zone : between here and there." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4027.

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It is within the perception, the reality and the problematic of international air travel that this thesis is situated. It argues that a space has been created for international air travel, which is conceptually and physically demarcated from normative social space, the Transit Zone. The thesis examines four sites constituting the Transit Zone using both political and social theory and the analysis of performance and visual artworks that explore, explain or contest aspects of the sites. The first site is concerned with the construction of nation-state territory, population and legal movement. Its physical expression can be found at the border between the Transit Zone and the nation-state. However, its conceptual reach is much more extensive, appearing in immigration policy, national law, international covenants, data-sharing practices and the creation of a space external to, yet within, the nation-state system. This site creates the Transit Zone’s paradoxical position of being excluded from nation-state territory while simultaneously defining it. The second site is premised on the (in)security of civil aviation and explores the striving towards absolute security, and the unachievability of that goal. This is a reflection of the prevalence of (in)security discourses in contemporary society. The third site is created by corporate interest within the airport terminal and the aeroplane. It is the site of logistics and sales, of the passenger functioning both as an object or unit of movement and as a desiring purchasing subject. The fourth site is constructed through the imagination – it is made up of the ideas, cultural dreams and responses that have accreted around the site of the Transit Zone. These intimate and personal responses transform the Transit Zone from a site of function, profit and government control to a vehicle for the construction and realisation of fears, fantasies and rites of passage. This thesis demonstrates that many contemporary issues infuse and surround the Transit Zone. Immigration, national defence, international politics, logistics, social interaction and cultural fantasy all collide there. It explores the complexity of the Transit Zone’s paradoxical collection of sites and systems, which can not be reduced to one single reading. The Transit Zone has evolved, and continues to do so, in response to government and international demands, legal problems, technological advancements, logistical and commercial needs, and social changes. In doing so, its evolution redefines and articulates contemporary concerns. Additionally the thesis reveals an extensive artistic engagement with the Transit Zone and the contemporary concerns it articulates. Art is used as a designated imaginative space that challenges the established reality and the art works discussed change our understanding of the Transit Zone.
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Williams, Andrew S. "The interception of civil aircraft over the high seas in the global war on terror /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100747.

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This study addresses a narrow but important facet of the war on terror: the interception of civil aircraft over the high seas without the consent of the state of registry, when such aircraft are suspected of transporting weapons of mass destruction or terrorists. It introduces the contemporary legal regime over the high seas, in particular the customary norms relating to freedom of overflight, jurisdiction over aircraft, and the 'Rules of the Air' adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The study also examines the legal status of military aircraft in international law as a symbol of a state's sovereignty. It explores the justifications for lawful interceptions as well as the legal obligation of states to show 'due regard' for the safety of civil air navigation. The ICAO standards for the interception of civil aircraft and their applicability to state aircraft are also discussed. In conclusion the remedies an aggrieved state may pursue for alleged violations of international law are addressed.
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Books on the topic "Airspace (International law)"

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Konstantinov, Emil. Svobodite na vŭzdukha v dogovorite na NRB za mezhdunarodni vŭzdushni sŭobshtenii͡a︡. Sofii͡a︡: Izd-vo na Bŭlgarskata akademii͡a︡ na naukite, 1989.

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Konstantinov, Emil. Svobodite na vŭzdukha v dogovorite na NRB za mezhdunarodni vŭzdushni sŭobshtenii︠a︡. Sofii︠a︡: Izd-vo na Bŭlgarskata akademii︠a︡ na naukite, 1989.

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S, Rubén Rivadeneira. El Ecuador y el derecho aeroespacial. Quito, Ecuador: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 1987.

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Lübben, Natalie. Das Recht auf freie Benutzung des Luftraums. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1993.

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Giokarēs, Angelos S. Diethnes dikaio enaeriou chōrou. Athēna: Nomikē Vivliothēkē, 2013.

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Grief, Nicholas. Public international law in the airspace of the high seas. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff Publishers, 1994.

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Abdurrasyid, Priyatna. Kedaulatan negara di ruang udara =: State sovereignty in airspace. Jakarta: PT. Fikahati Aneska bekerja sama dengan Badan Arbitrase Nasional Indonesia (BANI), 2003.

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Pak, Ki-gab. La protection de la souveraineté aérienne. Paris: A. Pedone, 1991.

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Schwartz, Irmela. Durchflug von Weltraumgegenständen durch nationale Lufträume. [Köln?: s. n., 1989.

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Schladebach, Marcus. Lufthoheit: Kontinuität und Wandel. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Airspace (International law)"

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Sprankling, John G. "Rights in Airspace and Outer Space." In The International Law of Property, 171–200. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654543.003.0008.

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"Chapter Six U.S. Safety and Security Zones and Airspace Control Measures." In International Maritime Security Law, 155–84. Brill | Nijhoff, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004233577_007.

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Cheng, Chia-Jui. "New Sources of International Air Law." In The Use of Airspace and Outer Space for all Mankind in the 21st Century, 277–95. Brill | Nijhoff, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004639683_028.

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Cheng, Bin. "The Legal Regime of Airspace and Outer Space: the Boundary Problem Functionalism versus Spatialism: the Major Premises." In Studies in International Space Law, 425–56. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198257301.003.0014.

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Butler, William E. "Territory of The Russian Federation." In Russian Foreign Relations and Investment Law, 365–90. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199281657.003.0011.

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Abstract The territory of the Russian Federation consists of land space within the State boundary of the Russian Federation, subjacent subsoil, superjacent airspace, internal sea waters and the territorial sea of the Russian Federation, navigable rivers which adjoin a neighbouring State along the thalweg, and as designated on non-navigable rivers, on lakes and other waters, water reservoirs of hydro- installations and other artificial water bodies, and on bridges, dams, and other installations. Historically speaking, these boundaries are those of the former RSFSR as consolidated by international treaties and legislative acts of the former Soviet Union as adjusted by international treaties of the Russian Federation. In some locations the adjustment by treaty remains to be accomplished.
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Newman, Christopher J. "The Never-Ending Problem of Demarcation: Addressing the Air/Space Boundary Issue in International and Domestic Law." In International Space Law in the New Space Era, 19–37. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780198909415.003.0002.

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Abstract This chapter examines the various legal approaches to demarcation of airspace and outer space. It will look at the issues in identifying the legal boundary at which sovereign air law ceases and an object or individual enters outer space. This discussion critically re-evaluates two approaches to identifying the boundary. The first of these, the spatialist approach, ascribes a specific altitude, such as the Kármán line. The second, the functionalist approach, takes a holistic view of the function and purpose of a spacecraft to determine the applicable regime. Neither of these propositions is without their difficulties and this chapter will look at the challenges posed by the development of launch solutions throughout the twenty-first century and the issues that these advances in technology present. It is contended that the problem of demarcation will need a legally certain position as human space activity develops if a conflict is to be avoided.
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Takaya-Umehara, Yuri. "Suborbital Spaceflight." In Advances in Public Policy and Administration, 64–78. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7256-5.ch005.

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The chapter outlines the legal aspects of suborbital spaceflight under international law with the aim of clarifying upcoming legal challenges to the existing space treaties. One of major problems lies in the applicability of air law to the spaceflight. In the case of using aircraft-type reusable launch vehicle (RLV), it fits into the definition of aircraft in air law. The other problems are also addressed, which include the different legal status of airspace and outer space, the lack of specific concepts and terms related the flights in the existing space treaties, and a need for international regulation to ensure safety in the flights. It concludes with recommendations for the present space traffic management.
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Prescott, Victor. "Resources of the Continental Margin and International Law." In Continental Shelf Limits. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117820.003.0009.

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As discussed in chapters 2 and 3, the continental margin has been defined in article 3 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the Convention) as comprising "the submerged prolongation of the land mass of the coastal State, and consists of the seabed and subsoil of the shelf, slope and rise. It does not include the deep ocean floor with its oceanic ridges and subsoil thereof." Article 76 allows States to claim the outer edge of the margin with two major qualifications: If the margin is narrower than 200 nautical miles (M), States may claim the seabed to a distance of 200 M from the baselines from which the territorial sea is measured. Such a claim is identical with the area secured when a country claims an exclusive economic zone. If the margin is wider than 200 M, then claims must be made according to precise formulas and absolute limits and must be approved by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (the Commission) (see chapter 3). The relationship of a claim to the continental margin with other maritime claims is shown in figures 5.1 and 5.2. In these figures, the contiguous zone, which is concerned with protection of the territorial sea rather than issues of sovereign economic rights, has been omitted. This zone lies between the outer limit of the territorial sea and a line composed of intersecting arcs drawn with a radius of 24 M from the baseline from which the territorial seas are measured. Figure 5.1 shows the situation when the margin is narrower than 200 M wide. In this situation, the State has sovereignty over the territorial sea and the airspace above those waters and the seabed and subsoil beneath them. The exclusive economic zone is bounded by the outer limit of the territorial sea and a line composed of intersecting arcs with a radius of 200 M, drawn from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured. In this case the landward limits of the high seas coincide with the limits of all seas not included in the exclusive economic zone, territorial waters, and internal waters of a State and the archipelagic waters of archipelagic States, and the limits of the Area, which is all the seabed and subsoil outside national jurisdiction.
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"Chapter Twenty. Non Consensual Aerial Surveillance In The Airspace Over The Exclusive Economic Zone For Military And Defence Purposes." In International Law and Power: Perspectives on Legal Order and Justice, 513–72. Brill | Nijhoff, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004175877.i-594.125.

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Conference papers on the topic "Airspace (International law)"

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Sudiro, Amad, and Jeannette Natawidjaja. "State Sovereignty Over the Airspace on the Perspective of International Air Law (A Study of the Delegation of Airspace Management of Batam and Natuna Island to Singapore)." In The 2nd Tarumanagara International Conference on the Applications of Social Sciences and Humanities (TICASH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201209.114.

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Brisibe, Tare. "Broadcasting - Satellite Services in Airspace of the High Seas: some Legal and Regulatory Considerations." In 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-03-iisl.2.03.

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Goncharova, Elena A., Dmitry A. Goncharov, Melane Fehrenbach, Irene Khavin, Blerina Ducka, Okio Hino, Mervyn J. Merrilees, Angela Haczku, Steven M. Albelda, and Vera P. Krymskaya. "Alveolar Destruction And Airspace Enlargement In TSC2-Null Murine Model Of LAM And Its Therapeutic Targeting." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a6691.

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Coopmans, Calvin, Long Di, Austin Jensen, Aaron A. Dennis, and YangQuan Chen. "Improved Architecture Designs for a Low Cost Personal Remote Sensing Platform: Flight Control and Safety." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48167.

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Remote sensing is a field traditionally dominated by expensive, large-scale operations. This paper presents our efforts to improve our unmanned aircraft (UA) platforms for low-cost personal remote sensing purposes. Safety concerns are first emphasized regarding the local airspace and multiple fail-safe features are shown in the current system. Then the AggieAir unmanned system architecture is briefly described including the Paparazzi UA autopilot, AggieAir JAUS implementation, AggieNav navigation unit and payload integration. Some preliminary flight test results and images acquired using an example thermal IR payload system are also shown. Finally Multi-UAV and heterogeneous platform capabilities are discussed with respect to their applications. Based on our approaches on the new architecture design, personal remote sensing on smaller-scale operations can be more beneficial and common.
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Pilmannová, Terézia, Lenka Hanakova, Vladimir Socha, Michal Freigang, and Stanislav Schmidt. "Student Air Traffic Controllers' performance under conditions of increased workload." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003839.

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The work of an Air Traffic Controller (ATCO) involves a constantly changing mental workload and the occurrence of stressful situations to which one must react adequately. Candidates for this profession are expected to demonstrate sufficient resilience and adaptability to such situations already in the selection procedure and during the training process. However, the complexity of Air Traffic Controllers' tasks has increased dramatically in the last decades. A transformation of the ATCO training syllabus was inevitable to ensure the ability of future ATCOs to cope with this changing environment. This change has mainly become apparent in the number of practical skills a trainee has to possess even before initiating the On the Job (OJT) training. Training Organizations are constantly optimizing training processes to prepare a candidate able to withstand challenging situations with varying workloads.To investigate trainees' reactions to increased workload in the context of conducted errors, an experiment was organized examining 30 subjects that participated in a simulator exercise with increasing intensity. The subjects of the experiment were Department of Air Transport students with no particular experience in ATC but considerable knowledge of standards and procedures in air traffic control and familiarity with the simulation environment. It is therefore supposed that the level of skills and knowledge of the subjects are equivalent to student Air Traffic Controllers conducting the basic training. The aim of the experiment was to assess the impact of increased workload, utilizing ECG measurement, on the trainees' performance and subsequent error analyses. The increased workload is achieved by continuously increasing the difficulty of the exercises on the ATC simulator. To analyze, the ECG measurement, data, including R-R intervals, were processed by a short Fourier transform(STFT), filtered and further processed by HRVAS (in Matlab) by time-frequency analysis. Data were processed for Low and High Frequency (individual sympathetic and parasympathetic values). A stress value could be obtained by dividing these two values, which were projectedand plotted against time. Further, error analysis has been conducted, observing 12 categories of errors, including wrong phraseology, application of wrong ATC procedures, separation infringement, and loss of situational awareness. The experiment has shown that the students are prone to conduct mainly errors associated with basic procedures while with time and increasing workload, also errors connected to aircraft separation, situational awareness, and flight efficiency. The results indicate that the most common errors include failure to report aircraft/target identification, failure to confirm ATIS and QNH information for a given airport, descending below the transfer level, failure to respect airspace within vertical boundaries, loss of situational awareness or overall delayed response to the situation, or incorrect phraseology. This paper aims to assess student Air Traffic Controllers' psychophysiological state and performance during times of increased workload and provide an overview of physiological reactions and subsequent mistakes conducted by the trainees. Also, it should serve as an outlook of possible drawbacks that might have a negative impact on the initial training progress and should therefore be addressed with special care. Further, the experiment's results can be used for the adjustment of basic training where the most common types of errors occurring during increased workload can be addressed and trained within the enhanced practical part of the basic training.
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