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Journal articles on the topic 'Airports Traffic control Mathematical models'
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1
Zhang, Honghai, Yan Xu, Lei Yang, and Hao Liu. "Macroscopic Model and Simulation Analysis of Air Traffic Flow in Airport Terminal Area." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/741654.
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We focus on the spatiotemporal characteristics and their evolvement law of the air traffic flow in airport terminal area to provide scientific basis for optimizing flight control processes and alleviating severe air traffic conditions. Methods in this work combine mathematical derivation and simulation analysis. Based on cell transmission model the macroscopic models of arrival and departure air traffic flow in terminal area are established. Meanwhile, the interrelationship and influential factors of the three characteristic parameters as traffic flux, density, and velocity are presented. Then according to such models, the macro emergence of traffic flow evolution is emulated with the NetLogo simulation platform, and the correlativity of basic traffic flow parameters is deduced and verified by means of sensitivity analysis. The results suggest that there are remarkable relations among the three characteristic parameters of the air traffic flow in terminal area. Moreover, such relationships evolve distinctly with the flight procedures, control separations, and ATC strategies.
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Itoh, Eri, and Mihaela Mitici. "Queue-Based Modeling of the Aircraft Arrival Process at a Single Airport." Aerospace 6, no. 10 (September 20, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6100103.
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This paper proposes data-driven queuing models and solutions to reduce arrival time delays originating from aircraft arrival processing bottlenecks at Tokyo International Airport. A data-driven analysis was conducted using two years of radar tracks and flight plans from 2016 and 2017. This analysis helps not only to understand the bottlenecks and operational strategies of air traffic controllers, but also to develop mathematical models to predict arrival delays resulting from increased, future aircraft traffic. The queue-based modeling approach suggests that one potential solution is to expand the realization of time-based operations, efficiently shifting from traffic flow control to time-based arrival management. Furthermore, the proposed approach estimates the most effective range of transition points, which is a key requirement for designing extended arrival management systems while offering automation support to air traffic controllers.
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Gopalakrishnan, Karthik, and Hamsa Balakrishnan. "Control and Optimization of Air Traffic Networks." Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems 4, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 397–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-070720-080844.
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The air transportation system connects the world through the transport of goods and people. However, operational inefficiencies such as flight delays and cancellations are prevalent, resulting in economic and environmental impacts. In the first part of this article, we review recent advances in using network analysis techniques to model the interdependencies observed in the air transportation system and to understand the role of airports in connecting populations, serving air traffic demand, and spreading delays. In the second part, we present some of our recent work on using operational data to build dynamical system models of air traffic delay networks. We show that Markov jump linear system models capture many of the salient characteristics of these networked systems. We illustrate how these models can be validated and then used to analyze system properties such as stability and to design optimal control strategies that limit the propagation of disruptions in air traffic networks.
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Dumanska, Ilona. "RESTORATION OF THE NETWORK OF LOCAL AIRPORTS OF UKRAINE: APPROACHES, INNOVATIVE MODELS AND ACTION STRATEGIES." Innovation and Sustainability, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/ins.2021.1.20.27.
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The state of aviation of Ukraine in the pre- and post-pandemic period is analyzed. The peculiarities of the development of the existing objects of the aviation infrastructure of Ukraine, including the network of local airports, are determined. Factors influencing the development of state infrastructure in the field of building a network of local airports have been identified. The approach to understanding of networks of local airports as function consisting of such elements as the airport is formed; airline; organization of air traffic and factors of influence: demand for air transportation; geographical resources; technical and technological limitations; economic and organizational requirements; legal requirements; security; ecology; inclusiveness of the territory. A critical and comparative analysis of the strategy of development of the network of local airports of Ukraine on the basis of innovative models: low-cost transportation and organization of hub centers. It was identified that the socio-economic conditions of Ukraine are not favorable for the active development of air transport and the formation of a significant amount of effective demand among the population of Ukraine. The expediency of shifting the vector of aviation infrastructure financing to the development of local airports on the basis of foreign experience in shaping public demand and motivating conditions for the development of air transport on the basis of state financial support, local government financing or attracting investment from private investors. The expediency of financing from the state budget of priority local airports by their classification according to the chosen strategy of aviation infrastructure development in Ukraine, which should be reflected in the mathematical model of decision-making functions.
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Badrinath, Sandeep, Hamsa Balakrishnan, Emily Joback, and Tom G. Reynolds. "Impact of Off-Block Time Uncertainty on the Control of Airport Surface Operations." Transportation Science 54, no. 4 (July 2020): 920–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2019.0957.
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Congestion at major airports worldwide results in increased taxi times, fuel burn, and emissions. Regulating the pushback of aircraft from their gates, also known as departure metering, is a promising approach to mitigating surface congestion. Departure metering algorithms require models of airport surface traffic and knowledge of when a flight would be to be ready for pushback, which is called the earliest off-block time (EOBT). While EOBTs are known to be inaccurate due to several reasons, there has been little prior research on characterizing EOBT uncertainty and its impact on departure metering. We present a new class of queuing network models for the airport surface that are capable of capturing congestion at multiple locations. We demonstrate our modeling approach using operational data from three major U.S. airports: Newark Liberty International Airport, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, and Charlotte Douglas International Airport. We analyze the current levels of uncertainty in the EOBT information published by the airlines and conduct a parametric analysis of the reduction in departure metering benefits due to errors in the EOBT information. Our analysis indicates that the current levels of EOBT uncertainty lead to a 50% reduction in benefits at some airports when compared with an ideal case with no EOBT uncertainty. Two approaches to departure metering are considered: the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Airspace Technology Demonstration-2 logic and a new optimal control approach. We show that our queuing network models can help design and evaluate both approaches and that the optimal control approach is more effective in accommodating EOBT uncertainty while maintaining runway utilization.
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Samà, Marcella, Andrea D’Ariano, Paolo D’Ariano, and Dario Pacciarelli. "Scheduling models for optimal aircraft traffic control at busy airports: Tardiness, priorities, equity and violations considerations." Omega 67 (March 2017): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2016.04.003.
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Vasyutina, A. A., V. V. Popov, A. I. Kondratyev, and A. L. Boran-Keshishyan. "Improvement of the vessel traffic control system for accident-free electronic navigation in the port area." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2061, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2061/1/012105.
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Abstract The increase in the intensity of navigation leads to unsafe navigation, which necessitates the improvement of existing measures to ensure safe navigation using specific mathematical models and methods. The configuration of the mathematical model of the traffic flow of ships obtained in this study is realizable on modern computer technology and can be applied by embedding advanced ship traffic control systems, which is an object of the infrastructure of a modern seaport.
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Ma, Yinpu, and Kai Liu. "Intelligent Transportation Design Based on Iterative Learning." Journal of Mathematics 2022 (February 8, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5027412.
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Most of the existing traffic optimization control methods are based on accurate mathematical models. As an uncertain and complex system, the urban traffic system faces difficulty in accurately calibrating the model parameters. Therefore, the existing methods become very difficult in the actual application process. Based on the massive data contained in the urban traffic system and the repetitive characteristics of traffic flow, this paper proposes a hierarchical traffic signal control method for urban road network based on iterative learning control. The simulation results show that the algorithm can achieve better control effect and can solve the problem of urban traffic congestion more effectively than traditional traffic control methods.
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Suleimen, A. А., G. B. Kashaganova, G. B. Issayeva, B. R. Absatarova, and M. C. Ibraev. "OPTIMIZATION OF MANAGEMENT OF URBAN LIGHTS WITH THE USE OF NEURAL NETWORKS." BULLETIN 389, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.2.
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One of the most pressing problems of large cities is the problem of traffic management of vehicles. The reason for this problem is an imperfect way to manage traffic flows. Traffic light regulation is of particular importance in traffic management. Most modern traffic light control systems operate at set time intervals and are not able to cope with the constantly changing situation on the road. A promising direction for solving this problem is to optimize the system using artificial neural networks. The advantage of neural networks is self-learning, which allows the system to adapt to the changing situation on the road. Despite numerous attempts, it has not yet been possible to obtain a high-quality mathematical model of urban traffic management. This model should determine the functional dependence of transport flow parameters on control parameters. Nowadays, traffic flows are regulated everywhere by means of traffic lights. If we can get a fairly accurate mathematical model of traffic flows, we can determine the optimal duration of the traffic signal phases to achieve the maximum capacity of the road network node. A fairly accurate mathematical model of traffic management that works in predictive mode will display an estimate of the optimal control parameters, as well as make correct decisions in emergency situations. Well-known mathematical models of road traffic take into account only the average values of traffic flows, and not the exact number of cars on each road section at a particular time.
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Lebedev, G. M., and V. B. Malygin. "Assessment of the application feasibility of the genetic algorithm for airports operations optimization based on the collaborative decision-making principles." Civil Aviation High Technologies 22, no. 5 (October 28, 2019): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2019-22-5-85-93.
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The article proposes a formalization methodology of the basic characteristics of the production processes of the aviation industry major components, such as airlines, airports and air traffic control authorities. This technique is not exhaustive, but it is quite suitable as the basis for the formation of the initial data for decision-making optimization under the conditions of airport operations performance and air traffic management, based on the principles of work coordination of the airports operational units. It is proposed to use a genetic algorithm as a tool for optimizing collaborative decision-making, which allows for a smaller number of iterations in real time to obtain a suboptimal solution that meets the requirements of the process participants. The mathematical model in multiplicative form is presented in making an assessment of the application feasibility of the genetic algorithm, taking into account the interests of three stakeholders. Planning the use of aircraft for the airport flight schedule based on the formalized data of the airline fleet, the capabilities of the base airport apron, as well as the restrictions of permanent and temporary nature is accepted as the original product. The article demonstrates the potential advantage of the genetic algorithm, the point of which is that within each step of a suboptimal choice of priorities instead of brute-force options limited but effective direct search of a reduced number of those options that have been chosen as the "elite" by using multiplicative form is carried out.
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Wang, Yingxu, Witold Pedrycz, Jianhua Lu, and Guiming Luo. "Denotational Mathematical Models of an Air Traffic Control System (ATCS-I): Structure Models of Architectures in RTPA." Journal of Advanced Mathematics and Applications 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jama.2013.1030.
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Wang, Yingxu, Witold Pedrycz, Jianhua Lu, and Guiming Luo. "Denotational Mathematical Models of an Air Traffic Control System (ATCS-II): Process Models of Functions in RTPA." Journal of Advanced Mathematics and Applications 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 82–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jama.2013.1031.
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Vasenin, V. A., and G. I. Simonova. "Mathematical Models of Traffic Control in Internet: New Approaches Based of TCP/AQM Schemes." Automation and Remote Control 66, no. 8 (August 2005): 1274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10513-005-0168-0.
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POSPELOV, PAVEL I., ALEXANDER G. TATASHEV, ALEXEY V. TERENTYEV, MARIA Yu KARELINA, and MARINA V. YASHINA. "BARTLETT FLOWS AND MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF MOTOR TRAFFIC FLOWS." H&ES Research 13, no. 6 (2021): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2409-5419-2021-13-6-34-41.
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Introduction: The class of mathematical traffic models is based on the theory of queuing. In these models, the application entering the service system corresponds to the vehicle. When developing a traffic model formulated in terms of queuing, it is necessary to specify a random flow that is incoming to the queuing system. The purpose of the study: Traditional queuing systems with recurrent incoming flow under appropriate conditions do not reflect the specific features of real traffic flows. Under certain conditions, for example, it may be appropriate to use a Markov-type flow in the model, the intensity of which depends on the state of a mathematical object called the control device. In the general case, such a flow can be specified as non-uniform, and with such a task, each request is assigned a type that also depends on the state of the control device. Setting the qualitative structure and parameters of a random flow depends on the assessment of the speed characteristics of the vehicles that form the flow, and, therefore, is related to the issues of studying the speed characteristics of real vehicles. Practical significance: At a sufficiently low density of the traffic flow, the incoming flow is close to the Poisson one. As traffic increases and road conditions worsen, the risk of overtaking increases and clusters are formed, consisting of a slow car moving in front and a group of fast cars that cannot overtake a slow one. In such cases, we can assume that the incoming flow is a Bartlett flow, which has the following form: clusters form a Poisson flow, and the cluster length distribution is a two-parameter Bartlett distribution. One of the parameters of this distribution is the probability of having a group of fast cars, and the second parameter characterizes the distribution of the number of cars in this group. Discussion: In this paper, we study the questions of setting a qualitative probabilistic structure and quantitative parameters of random flows, which are elements of queuing systems used as traffic models.
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Wang, Jindong, Shengchuan Jiang, Yue Qiu, Yang Zhang, Jianguo Ying, and Yuchuan Du. "Traffic Signal Optimization under Connected-Vehicle Environment: An Overview." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (August 10, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3584569.
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Traffic signal optimization is a significant means for smoothing urban traffic flow. However, the operation of traffic signals is currently seriously constrained by the data available from traditional point detectors. In recent years, an emerging technology, connected vehicle (CV), which can percept the overall traffic environment in real time, has drawn researchers’ attention. With the new data source, traffic controllers should be able to make smarter decisions. A lot of work has been done to develop a new traffic signal control pattern under connected-vehicle environment. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these studies, aiming at sketching out the state of the arts in this research field. Several basic control problems, communication, control input, and objectives, are briefly introduced. The commonly used optimization models for this problem are summarized into three types: rule-based models, mathematical programming-based models, and artificial intelligence-based models. Then some major technical issues are discussed in detail. Finally, we raise the limitation of the existing studies and give our perspectives of the future research directions.
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Kustra, Wojciech, Joanna Żukowska, Marcin Budzyński, and Kazimierz Jamroz. "Injury Prediction Models for Onshore Road Network Development." Polish Maritime Research 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2019-0029.
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Abstract Integrating different modes of transport (road, rail, air and water) is important for port cities. To accommodate this need, new transport hubs must be built such as airports or sea ports. If ports are to grow, they must be accessible, a feature which is best achieved by building new roads, including fast roads. Poland must develop a network of fast roads that will provide good access to ports. What is equally important is to upgrade the network of national roads to complement fast roads. A key criterion in this case is to ensure that the roads are efficient to minimise time lost for road users and safe. With safety standards and safety management practices varying vastly across the EU, Directive 2008/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council was a way to ensure that countries follow procedures for assessing the impact of road projects on road safety and conduct road safety audits, road safety management and road safety inspections. The main goal of the research was to build mathematical models to combine road safety measures, i.e. injury density (DI) and accident density (DA), with road and traffic factors on longer sections, all based on risk analysis. The practical objective is to use these models to develop tools for assessing how new road projects will impact road safety. Because previous research on models to help estimate injuries (I) or injury density (DI) on long sections was scarce, the authors addressed that problem in their work. The idea goes back to how Poland is introducing procedures for assessing the effects of infrastructure on safety and developing a method to estimate accident indicators to support economic analysis for new roads, a solution applied in JASPERS. Another reason for the research was Poland’s insufficient and ineffective pool of road safety management tools in Poland. The paper presents analyses of several models which achieved satisfactory results. They are consistent with the work of other researchers and the outcomes of previous research conducted by the authors. The authors built the models based on a segmentation of national roads into sections from 10 to 50 km, making sure that they feature consistent cross-sections and average daily traffic volumes. Models were built based on the method described by Jamroz (Jamroz, 2011). Using the available road traffic volume data, each section was assigned variables defining geometric and traffic features. Based on studies conducted on road sections, the variables were either averaged over the entire length of the section or calculated as a percentage of the variable occurring over the entire length: related to traffic volume, roadside environment or cross section
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Dong, Yu Bo. "Discussion on Urban Road Traffic Congestion Algorithm for Automatically Determining." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 3790–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.3790.
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Compared with the expressway, most of the traffic flow in urban road network can be denoted as interrupted traffic flow. Based on the current employed equipment for traffic flow collection and traffic signal control in urban roads, different types of traffic flow in urban roads are analyzed with the traffic flow arrival/departure model in transportation engineering. Mathematical models complying with traffic flow changes are utilized to match the traffic flow in both entry and exit road blocks, thus, enabled the automatic detection of traffic incident. This algorithm provides a measurement for the automatic judgment of urban road congestion and the expansion utility of intelligent transportation facilities in urban areas.
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Shepelev, Vladimir, Alexandr Glushkov, Olga Fadina, and Aleksandr Gritsenko. "Comparative Evaluation of Road Vehicle Emissions at Urban Intersections with Detailed Traffic Dynamics." Mathematics 10, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10111887.
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The insufficient development of intelligent dynamic monitoring systems, which operate with big data, obstructs the control of traffic-related air pollution in regulated urban road networks. The study introduces mathematical models and presents a practical comparative assessment of pollutant emissions at urban intersections, with two typical modes of vehicle traffic combined, i.e., freely passing an intersection when the green signal appears and uniformly accelerated passing after a full stop at the stop line. Input data on vehicle traffic at regulated intersections were collected using real-time processing of video streams by Faster R-CNN neural network. Calculation models for different traffic flow patterns at a regulated intersection for dynamic monitoring of pollutant emissions were obtained. Statistical analysis showed a good grouping of intersections into single-type clusters and factor reduction of initial variables. Analysis will further allow us to control and minimize traffic-related emissions in urban road networks. A comparative analysis of pollutant emissions in relation to the basic speed of passing at the intersection of 30 km/h was performed according to the calculations of the mathematical models. When reducing the speed to 10 km/h (similar to a traffic jam), the amount of emissions increases 3.6 times over, and when increasing the speed to 50 km/h, the amount of emissions decreases by 2.3 times. Fuzzy logic methods allow us to make a comparative prediction of the amount of emissions when changing both the speed of traffic and the capacity of the intersection lanes. The study reveals the benefits of using a real-life measurement approach and provides the foundation for continuous monitoring and emission forecasting to control urban air quality and reduce congestion in the road network.
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Wang, Kai, and Alexandre Jacquillat. "A Stochastic Integer Programming Approach to Air Traffic Scheduling and Operations." Operations Research 68, no. 5 (September 2020): 1375–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2020.1985.
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Air traffic management measures comprise tactical operating procedures to minimize delay costs and strategic scheduling interventions to control overcapacity scheduling. Although interdependent, these problems have been treated in isolation. This paper proposes an integrated model of scheduling and operations in airport networks that jointly optimizes scheduling interventions and ground-holding operations across airports networks under operating uncertainty. It is formulated as a two-stage stochastic program with integer recourse. To solve it, we develop an original decomposition algorithm with provable solution quality guarantees. The algorithm relies on new optimality cuts—dual integer cuts—that leverage the reduced costs of the dual linear programming relaxation of the second-stage problem. The algorithm also incorporates neighborhood constraints, which shift from exploration to exploitation at later stages. We also use a scenario generation approach to construct representative scenarios from historical records of operations—using integer programming. Computational experiments show that our algorithm yields near-optimal solutions for the entire U.S. National Airspace System network. Ultimately, the proposed approach enhances airport demand management models through scale integration (by capturing network-wide interdependencies) and scope integration (by capturing interdependencies between scheduling and operations).
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Batalov, K. A., M. V. Kulakov, and I. A. Chekhov. "Research of the cooperation technology between the air traffic control service and the aerodrome service." Civil Aviation High Technologies 24, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2021-24-4-8-19.
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The article considers the process of cooperation between the ATC and airport operation services. The analysis considers the procedures of cooperation while inspecting a runway before performing flights, aircraft departure and arrival that encompass the entire range of coordinated operations. For each procedure, the costs of aircraft delays are calculated. The assessment was carried out by synthesizing the chronology of services cooperation in real conditions. On the basis of the collected data flowcharts of services cooperation to ensure flights of an airport and the ATM services were built. To provide a visual comparison of the existing and proposed model sof services cooperation the networks of services cooperation were built based on the mathematical model of the graphic chart. The operation network establishes the sequence of events to provide departure of one aircraft operating a scheduled flight of an airline. Within the given study the ATC service and the aerodrome service are involved to ensure a departure. Cooperation between the operation and dispatch service of the airport and an aircraft crew is conditional because in this case they do not impact the technology of cooperation. The network is a particular set of dots(summits)interconnected by lines (links). In the case of our study, circles are events (performed work). Directional segments (lines) are work connecting events to each other. While assessing the process of cooperation during arrival and departure, two cases were considered: the runway is occupied or clear.The runway could be occupied for different reasons: available vehicles, people, animals or flocks of birds on the runway. The study of the cooperation technology was carried out for 12 monthsof making scheduled flights at Zhukovsky and Ostafievo airports on the basis of every day flight plans.
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Petrovici, Alina, Jose Luis Cueto, Valentin Nedeff, Enrique Nava, Florin Nedeff, Ricardo Hernandez, Carmen Bujoreanu, Stefan Andrei Irimiciuc, and Maricel Agop. "Dynamic Evaluation of Traffic Noise through Standard and Multifractal Models." Symmetry 12, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12111857.
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Traffic microsimulation models use the movement of individual driver-vehicle-units (DVUs) and their interactions, which allows a detailed estimation of the traffic noise using Common Noise Assessment Methods (CNOSSOS). The Dynamic Traffic Noise Assessment (DTNA) methodology is applied to real traffic situations, then compared to on-field noise levels from measurement campaigns. This makes it possible to determine the influence of certain local traffic factors on the evaluation of noise. The pattern of distribution of vehicles along the avenue is related to the logic of traffic light control. The analysis of the inter-cycles noise variability during the simulation and measurement time shows no influence from local factors on the prediction of the dynamic traffic noise assessment tool based on CNOSSOS. A multifractal approach of acoustic waves propagation and the source behaviors in the traffic area are implemented. The novelty of the approach also comes from the multifractal model’s freedom which allows the simulation, through the fractality degree, of various behaviors of the acoustic waves. The mathematical backbone of the model is developed on Cayley–Klein-type absolute geometries, implying harmonic mappings between the usual space and the Lobacevsky plane in a Poincaré metric. The isomorphism of two groups of SL(2R) type showcases joint invariant functions that allow associations of pulsations–velocities manifolds type.
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Bansal, Sonam, and Dr Sharon Moses. "Reliability Characteristics of Machining Systems and Some Queueing Theory Regarding the Machine Repair Problem." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 1182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48150.
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Abstract: The article delves into the elements of machine repairable systems that contribute to their dependability, as well as certain parts of queueing theory. The use of reliability theory, which is both a mathematical and physical discipline, has aided in our understanding of the laws that control the incidence of failures in machining systems. Life testing, structural reliability, machine maintenance concerns, and the replacement problem are all subfields of reliability research. When dealing with bottlenecks and delays in complicated machining systems, the idea of queueing is often a useful tool. People wait in lines or line ups in many real-world situations, including at traffic lights, phone assistance lines, petrol stations, airports, hospitals, via communication channels, in computer systems, etc. One important subset of queues is made up of queues with finite source populations. Some of the numerous domains that might profit from this class include production, power generation, manufacturing techniques, information and communication technology, and distribution hubs.
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Hoogendoorn, Serge P., and Piet H. L. Bovy. "Modeling Multiple User-Class Traffic." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1644, no. 1 (January 1998): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1644-07.
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In contemporary traffic flow theory, the distinction between user classes is rarely made. However, we envisage that the accuracy and the descriptive power of the macroscopic traffic flow models can be improved significantly by separating user classes and their specific flow characteristics. As a consequence, the possibility of improved estimation and prediction of traffic flow conditions becomes available. Additionally, the availability of a realistic multiple user-class traffic flow model enables the automated generation of user-dedicated traffic control policies by means of mathematical optimal control theory. A macroscopic multiple user-class model is derived from mesoscopic principles. In opposition to earlier multiple user-class models, the model presented here implicitly defines equilibrium relationships between traffic density and equilibrium velocities as a function of current traffic conditions, traffic composition, and distribution of user-class-dependent desired velocities. Additionally, the velocity variance variable is introduced describing deviations from the average speed within the user classes. The multiple user-class model identifies competing processes. On the one hand, drivers attempt to traverse the freeway at their desired velocity; on the other hand, they adjust their velocity because of interaction with slower vehicles. These processes can result in self-formation of apparently random local structures. Finally, the proposed model satisfies the anisotropy condition and the invariant personality condition.
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Qin, Yanyan, Hao Wang, and Daiheng Ni. "Lighthill-Whitham-Richards Model for Traffic Flow Mixed with Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicles." Transportation Science 55, no. 4 (July 2021): 883–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2021.1057.
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In the future, road traffic will incorporate a random mix of manual vehicles and cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) vehicles, where a CACC vehicle will degrade to an adaptive cruise control (ACC) vehicle when vehicle-to-vehicle communications are not available. This paper proposes a generalized framework of the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model for such mixed vehicular flow under different CACC penetration rates. In this approach, the kinematic wave speed propagating through the mixed platoon was theoretically proven to be the slope of mixed fundamental diagram. In addition, the random degradation from CACC to ACC was captured in mathematical expectation for traffic scenarios where the CACC only monitors one vehicle ahead. Three concrete car-following models, the intelligent driver model (IDM) and CACC/ACC models validated by Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways (PATH) program, were selected as examples to investigate the propagation of small perturbations and shock waves. Numerical simulations were also performed based on the selected car-following models. Moreover, the derived mixed LWR model was applied to solve some traffic flow problems. It indicates that the proposed LWR model is able to describe the propagation properties of both small perturbations and shock waves. The mixed LWR model can also be used to solve some practical problems, such as the queue caused by a traffic accident and the impact of a moving bottleneck. More importantly, the proposed generalized framework admits other CACC/ACC/regular car-following models, including those developed from further experiments.
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Chen, Jianzhong, Ronghui Liu, and Yanmei Hu. "High-resolution central-upwind scheme for second-order macroscopic traffic flow models." International Journal of Modern Physics C 31, no. 07 (June 23, 2020): 2050097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183120500977.
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Traffic flow models are important tools for traffic management applications such as traffic incident detection and traffic control. In this paper, we propose a novel numerical approximation method for second-order macroscopic traffic flow models. The method is based on the semi-discrete central-upwind numerical flux and high-order reconstructions for spatial discretizations. We then apply the designed high-resolution schemes to three representative types of second-order traffic flow models and perform a variety of numerical experiments to validate the proposed methods. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness, simplicity and universality of the central-upwind scheme as numerical approximation method for macroscopic traffic flow models.
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Guideli, Leandro Canezin, André Lucas dos Reis Cuenca, Milena Arruda Silva, and Larissa de Brum Passini. "Road crashes and field rainfall data: mathematical modeling for the Brazilian mountainous highway BR-376/PR." TRANSPORTES 29, no. 4 (December 2, 2021): 2498. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v29i4.2498.
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Recent studies analyze the influence of rainfall on traffic crashes, indicating that precipitation intensity is an important factor, for modeling crashes occurrence. This research presents a relationship between daily-basis traffic crashes and precipitation, from 2014 to 2018, in a rural mountainous Brazilian Highway (BR-376/PR), where field rain gauges were used to obtain precipitation data. Data modeling considered a Negative Binomial regression for precipitation influence in crash frequency. Separate regression models were estimated to account for the rainfall effect in different seasons, and for different vehicle types. All models analyzed presented a positive relationship between daily rainfall intensity and daily crashes number. This can indicate that generally rainfall presence is a hazardous factor. Different critical seasons for rainfall influence were also highlighted, alerting for the possible necessity of distinct road safety policies concerning seasonality. Finally, for the vehicle type analysis, typically, rainfall seemed to have a greater effect in lighter vehicles. Moreover, results are useful for traffic control, in order to increase safety conditions.
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Lewiński, Andrzej, and Tomasz Perzyński. "Telematics as a future method for improving the safety of rail transport." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2019, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_19_09_01.
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The paper shows how the development of telematics systems affects the field of railway traffic management and control. It presents current and future solutions that can significantly improve safety. A mathematical apparatus in the form of Markov processes was proposed for analysis. Keywords: Rail systems; Safety; Models of the systems
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Varotto, Silvia F., Haneen Farah, Tomer Toledo, Bart van Arem, and Serge P. Hoogendoorn. "Resuming Manual Control or Not?: Modeling Choices of Control Transitions in Full-Range Adaptive Cruise Control." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2622, no. 1 (January 2017): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2622-04.
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Automated vehicles and driving assistance systems such as adaptive cruise control (ACC) are expected to reduce traffic congestion, accidents, and levels of emissions. Field operational tests have found that drivers may prefer to deactivate ACC in dense traffic flow conditions and before changing lanes. Despite the potential effects of these control transitions on traffic flow efficiency and safety, most mathematical models evaluating the impact of ACC do not adequately represent that process. This research aimed to identify the main factors influencing drivers’ choice to resume manual control. A mixed logit model that predicted the choice to deactivate the system or overrule it by pressing the gas pedal was estimated. The data set was collected in an on-road experiment in which 23 participants drove a research vehicle equipped with full-range ACC on a 35.5-km freeway in Munich, Germany, during peak hours. The results reveal that drivers were more likely to deactivate the ACC and resume manual control when approaching a slower leader, when expecting vehicles cutting in, when driving above the ACC target speed, and before exiting the freeway. Drivers were more likely to overrule the ACC system by pressing the gas pedal a few seconds after the system had been activated and when the vehicle decelerated. Everything else being equal, some drivers had higher probabilities to resume manual control. This study concludes that a novel conceptual framework linking ACC system settings, driver behavior characteristics, driver characteristics, and environmental factors is needed to model driver behavior in control transitions between ACC and manual driving.
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Subotić, Marko, Nemanja Stepanović, Vladan Tubić, Edis Softić, and Mouhamed Bayane Bouraima. "Models of Analysis of Credible Deviation from Speed Limits on Two-Lane Roads of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Complexity 2022 (October 7, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2832175.
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Any deviation of speed in a traffic flow from a speed limit represents a potential risk of traffic accidents, so speed management appears as an imperative. However, an inadequately set speed limit often causes drivers’ noncompliance to it in the conditions of real traffic flow. By determining the value of exceeding the speed limit according to vehicle classes, it is possible to recommend a credible speeding value that can be considered credible up to a value above the speed limit. In this paper, deterministic multistep mathematical models of speed deviation from the speed limit as a function of longitudinal gradient for the proposed vehicle classes were developed. A total of 11 measuring sections with different traffic flow types were analyzed. Based on a detailed analysis of speeding, models for the deviation of the 15th, 50th, and 85th percentiles were obtained, with the aim of adjusting the credible deviation to control measures. The results obtained in this study were compared with a survey of traffic flow speeding on two-lane roads conducted in Serbia.
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Macioszek, Elżbieta, and Damian Iwanowicz. "A Back-of-Queue Model of a Signal-Controlled Intersection Approach Developed Based on Analysis of Vehicle Driver Behavior." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041204.
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In smart cities, it is expected that transport, communication as well as the movement of people and goods will take place in the shortest possible time while maintaining a high level of safety. In recent years, due to the significant increase in the number of passengers and vehicles on the road and the capacity limitations of transport networks, it has become necessary to use new technologies for intelligent control and traffic management. Intelligent transport systems use advanced technologies in the field of data gathering, information processing, and traffic control to meet current transport needs. To be able to effectively control and manage road traffic, it is necessary to have reliable mathematical models that allow for a faithful representation of the real traffic conditions. Models of this type are usually the basis of complex algorithms used in practice in road traffic control. The application of appropriate models reflecting the behavior of road users contributes to the reduction of congestion, the vehicles travel time on the transport network, fuel consumption and the emissions, which in turn support broadly understood energy savings. The article proposes a model that allows for the estimation of the maximum queue size at the signal-controlled intersection approach (so-called: maximum back-of-queue). This model takes into account the most important traffic characteristics of the vehicles forming this queue. The verification allowed for the conclusion that the proposed model is characterized by high compliance with the actual traffic and road conditions at the intersections with signal controllers located in built-up areas in Poland. The obtained compliance confirms the possibility of using the model for practical applications in calculating the maximum back-of-queue at signal-controlled intersections located in built-up areas in Poland.
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Bychkov, Igor, Alexander Kazakov, Anna Lempert, and Maxim Zharkov. "Modeling of Railway Stations Based on Queuing Networks." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 2425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052425.
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Among the micro-logistic transport systems, railway stations should be highlighted, such as one of the most important transport infrastructure elements. The efficiency of the transport industry as a whole depends on the quality of their operation. Such systems have a complex multi-level structure, and the incoming traffic flow often has a stochastic character. It is known that the most effective approach to study the operation of such systems is mathematical modeling. Earlier, we proposed an approach to transport hub modeling using multiphase queuing systems with a batch Markovian arrival process (BMAP) as an incoming flow. In this paper, we develop the method by applying more complex models based on queuing networks that allow us to describe in detail the route of requests within an object with a non-linear hierarchical structure. This allows us to increase the adequacy of modeling and explore a new class of objects—freight railway stations and marshalling yards. Here we present mathematical models of two railway stations, one of which is a freight railway station located in Russia, and the other is a marshalling yard in the USA. The models have the form of queuing networks with BMAP flow. They are implemented as simulation software, and a numerical experiment is carried out. Based on the numerical results, some “bottlenecks” in the structure of the studied stations are determined. Moreover, the risk of switching to an irregular mode of operation is assessed. The proposed method is suitable for describing a wide range of cargo and passenger transport systems, including river ports, seaports, airports, and multimodal transport hubs. It allows a primary analysis of the hub operation and does not need large statistical information for parametric identification.
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Sherry, Lance. "A model for estimating airline passenger trip reliability metrics from system-wide flight simulations." Journal of Transport Literature 7, no. 2 (April 2013): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2238-10312013000200017.
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Analysis of the benefits of government modernization initiatives for airports or air traffic control are conducted using complex software models that simulate up to 60,000 flights per day. These flight-centric simulations do not model passenger flows and therefore do not account for passenger trip delays due to cancelled flights and missed connections, which account for up to 60% of the total passenger trip delays. This paper describes a closed-form model for estimating passenger trip reliability metrics from flight delay data from system-wide simulations. The outputs of the model, (i) percent passengers disrupted, (ii) average passenger trip delay, and (iii) total passenger trip delays, are derived from the probability of delayed flights and network structure parameters. The model highlights the role of network structure, in addition to flight on-time performance, on passenger trip reliability. These results have implications for government and industry initiatives to improve flight on-time performance through modernization, consumer protection, and the conduct of benefits analysis.
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Et. al., Aikumbekov Muslim,. "Determination And Evaluation Of The Minimum Allowable Train Headway Value At The Coordinate Traffic Control Method." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 3356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2396.
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In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the volume of traffic. According to experts ' forecasts, the demand for product transportation will continue to increase. Meanwhile, the supply for the capacity of the lines is actually exhausted. Therefore, the most important task of railway transport in the near future will be to increase the carrying capacity and capacity.Increasing the carrying capacity of railway transport can be achieved by: increasing the average speed of trains, building additional tracks, increasing the length and weight of freight trains, reducing inter-train intervals, and organizational measures. To increase the average speed of trains, it is necessary to improve the quality of track maintenance and rolling stock, in addition, certain sections of the track will need to be reconstructed. These measures, including the construction of additional tracks, are long-term and will lead to significant material costs. Increasing the length and weight of freight trains leads to an increase in the number of accidents.The most effective way to increase the carrying capacity is to reduce the inter-train intervals in conjunction with a number of organizational measures.With the coordinate method of interval control, the programs and algorithms obtained on the basis of mathematical models must guarantee the safety of trains with minimal intervals.This fact confirms the need to conduct a set of studies in the field of methodology for ensuring safety and organization of train traffic by clarifying existing and developing new mathematical models of train movement in relation to the specifics of the coordinate method of interval regulation.
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Aftab, Muhammad Umar, Ariyo Oluwasanmi, Abdullah Alharbi, Osama Sohaib, Xuyun Nie, Zhiguang Qin, and Son Tung Ngo. "Secure and dynamic access control for the Internet of Things (IoT) based traffic system." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (May 10, 2021): e471. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.471.
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Today, the trend of the Internet of Things (IoT) is increasing through the use of smart devices, vehicular networks, and household devices with internet-based networks. Specifically, the IoT smart devices and gadgets used in government and military are crucial to operational success. Communication and data sharing between these devices have increased in several ways. Similarly, the threats of information breaches between communication channels have also surged significantly, making data security a challenging task. In this context, access control is an approach that can secure data by restricting unauthorized users. Various access control models exist that can effectively implement access control yet, and there is no single state-of-the-art model that can provide dynamicity, security, ease of administration, and rapid execution all at once. In combating this loophole, we propose a novel secure and dynamic access control (SDAC) model for the IoT networks (smart traffic control and roadside parking management). Our proposed model allows IoT devices to communicate and share information through a secure means by using wired and wireless networks (Cellular Networks or Wi-Fi). The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model are demonstrated using mathematical models and discussed with many example implementations.
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Horeniuk, Vadym. "Integration of kinematic and dynamic mathematical models of a two-axle electric car in the problem of estimating its stability on turns." ScienceRise, no. 5 (October 29, 2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2021.002145.
Full textAbstract:
Object of research: the process of movement of cars with internal combustion engines or the electric drive on a road curve.
Investigation problem: assessment of the stability of cars with internal combustion engines or electric drive on a road curve and determination of conditions of its ensuring.
The main scientific result. The article evaluated the stability of cars with internal combustion engines or electric drive on a road curve and determines the conditions of its ensuring using an algorithm that combines mathematical models of car movement on a road curve, synthesized based on balance equations of both kinematics and dynamics. The proposed models consider the change in speed of cars while driving on a road curve, and therefore belong to the class of differential equations. The analysis of these models allows calculating changes in time of values of limiting and critical speeds of movement of the car on a road curve. The article identifies the prospects of integration into this set of mathematical models another one, synthesized in the space of linguistic variables that characterize the uncertainty of the road surface and the degree of tire wear on different wheels of the car.
The area of practical application of the research results: Automotive enterprises specializing in equipping cars with traffic control systems.
Innovative technological product: A method of determining the limiting parameters of movement of the car on road curves, at which the car does not overturn while passing turns, and an algorithm for its implementation, which combines kinematic and dynamic mathematical models of car movement on the road curve.
Scope of application of the innovative technological product: Equipping cars with additional control systems that assess the critical values of the traffic parameters on turns to ensure the conditions of non-overturning when the car passes these turns
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Rawicki, Stanisław, Marcin Nowak, Maciej Różański, and Wojciech Wycinka. "Calculation of energy-saving traffic of tram vehicle with field-oriented control of traction induction motors." Rail Vehicles, no. 3 (August 2, 2011): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53502/rail-139550.
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The paper deals with the problems of the tram vehicle control according to the criterion of the minimum electric energy consumption. The authors have extended the methodics given in literature and have elaborated the algorithm of the energysaving tram traffic taking into consideration various ride disturbances. During the running within the framework of the city conditions tram ride parameters change frequently. The mathematical models take into account the field-oriented control of traction three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors. Determination of the run algorithm ensuring the minimization of the electric energy use has been realized by application of the optimization procedure.
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Reitmann, Stefan, and Michael Schultz. "An Adaptive Framework for Optimization and Prediction of Air Traffic Management (Sub-)Systems with Machine Learning." Aerospace 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9020077.
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Evaluating the performance of complex systems, such as air traffic management (ATM), is a challenging task. When regarding aviation as a time-continuous system measured in value-discrete time series via performance indicators and certain metrics, it is important to use sufficiently targeted mathematical models within the analysis. A consistent identification of system dynamics at the evaluation level, without dealing with the actual physical events of the system, transforms the analysis of time series into a system identification process, which ensures control of an unknown (or only partially known) system. In this paper, the requirements for mathematical modeling are presented in the form of a step-by-step framework, which can be derived from the formal process model of ATM. The framework is applied to representative datasets based on former experiments and publications, for whose prediction of boarding times and classification of flight delays with machine learning (ML) the framework presented here was used. While the training process of neural networks was described in detail there, the paper shown here focuses on the control options and optimization possibilities based on the trained models. Overall, the discussed framework represents a strict guideline for addressing data and machine learning (ML)-based analysis and metaheuristic optimization in ATM.
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Gorbachev, A. M. "Mathematical model of aperiodic timetables of urban electric transport." Automation on Transport 6, no. 4 (December 2020): 499–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2020-6-4-499-517.
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The analysis of scientifi c publications and timetable models is given. Existing works have been used as a basis of a classification of timetables by the frequency of time values. The urban transport network is presented in the form of a multigraph. The transition from a multigraph of the urban transport network to a network of events characterizing the traffi c process is considered. Constraints on time values have been formalized to solve the main problem of the scheduling theory. The proposed formalization factors in the specifi cs of traffic management planning in Russia and other post-Soviet countries. A mathematical model of aperiodic timetables for the ground urban electric transport traffic based on the theory of linear programming is presented. The optimization criterion for solving the main problem of the scheduling theory has been substantiated. The uniformity of traffi c intervals is used as an optimization criterion for solving the main problem of the scheduling theory. The article provides tabular timetables used in urban transport to describe the traffi c process in the absence of significant events on the line. The implementation of the model presented in this article is exemplified by the automated tram and trolleybus timetable design software being part of the automated urban electric transport control system currently used in Saint Petersburg to form tram and trolleybus timetables. The examples of calculating the vehicle departure interval diagrams have been used to demonstrate the function of aligning the traffi c intervals. In conclusion, the advantages and development paths of the proposed model of aperiodic timetables for the ground urban electric transport traffic are listed
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Baz, Abdullah, Ping Yi, and Ahmad Qurashi. "Intersection Control and Delay Optimization for Autonomous Vehicles Flows Only as Well as Mixed Flows with Ordinary Vehicles." Vehicles 2, no. 3 (August 26, 2020): 523–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles2030029.
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The rapidly improving autonomous vehicle (AV) technology will have a significant impact on traffic safety and efficiency. This study introduces a game-theory-based priority control algorithm for autonomous vehicles to improve intersection safety and efficiency with mixed traffic. By using vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, this model allows an AV to exchange information with the roadside units (RSU) to support the decision making of whether an ordinary vehicle (OV) or an AV should pass the intersection first. The safety of vehicles is taken in different stages of decisions to assure collision-free intersection operations. Two different mathematical models have been developed, where model one is for an AV/AV situation and model two is when an AV meets an OV. A simulation model was developed to implement the algorithm and compare the performance of each model with the conventional traffic control at a four-legged signalized intersection and at a roundabout. Three levels of traffic volume and speed combinations were tested in the simulation. The results show significant reductions in delay for both cases; for case (I), AV/AV model, a 65% reduction compared to a roundabout and 84% compared to a four-legged signalized intersection, and for case (II), AV/OV model, the reduction is 30% and 89%, respectively.
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Li, Yanjun. "Mathematical Modeling Methods and Their Application in the Analysis of Complex Signal Systems." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2022 (October 7, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1816814.
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Mathematical models are effective means of answers established by humans to solve real-world problems. Complex wireless communication can establish information interaction between vehicles, in order to reduce the delay time of the coordination control optimization timing scheme in coordination delay time. For smart car driving, a complex signal system, this study first establishes a relevant mathematical model. It is used to compare three mathematical models commonly used today. The results obtained under the same conditions show that the mathematical model is better in dealing with the complex signal system in terms of transmission accuracy in all segments. A number of vehicles in different states of the traffic system are selected, and the relevant data are collected to plot ROC curves using the mathematical model. It can be concluded that the freer and more complex the movement behavior of the vehicle, the greater the load it imposes on the road and the system. The results of the confusion matrix show that the model can effectively reduce the pressure on the road and the signal system. With the starting objective of smooth operation of public transportation, the target values are optimized by layering, and finally, the regional roadway capacity is effectively converged. Then, the mathematical model optimization of complex wireless systems and intelligent transportation networks is quantitatively evaluated. The optimized timing scheme through coordinated control achieves the expected effect in coordinated control of delay time and also reduces the average delay time of all intersections of the road network.
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Ibrahimov, Bayram G., and Arif H. Hasanov. "THE INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION MULTISERVICE NETWORK NGN/IMS FOR MULTIMEDIA TRAFFIC." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 6, no. 2 (2020): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2020-6-2-12-15.
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Òhe functional architecture of the subsystem picture messaging-IMS (Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem) for multimedia session management for multiservice NGN/IMS networks that determine the interaction systems and NGN protocols are investigated. The basic element of the IMS core network architecture are session control function CSCF (Call/Session Control Function) which is implemented on the SIP-server (Session Initiation Protocol) using the protocol. A block diagram of the functioning of the traffic service model of multimedia services in the NGN/IMS network when establishing sessions that use the network elements of the user data server HSS (Home Subscriber Server), CSCF control system core, signaling and media gateways (SGW & MGW, Signaling Gateway & Media Gateway). The characteristics of the effectiveness of the IMS and found that in the NGN / IMS multimedia services network in real time significantly alter the traffic characteristics as a service, and efficiency, which requires new models and approaches to assess the main indicators of quality of the service Triple Play. Based on the analysis of the quality NGN/IMS networks in the provision multimedia services, the mathematical model for evaluating the quality of services. This model takes into account the properties of self-similar random process with Hurst index and describes the quality of functioning of NGN/IMS architectural concept. Based on the model studied when performing voice services with the ability to activate multimedia applications, video telephony, multimedia traffic, Triple Play services. According to the study of mathematical models of NGN / IMS networks using SIP-servers analytical expressions to assess the indicators of a common set of operating characteristics of IP-based networks, which take into account the recommendations of ITU-T Y.1540 and Y.2000 and determined the average waiting time in the queue IMS system in the provision of multimedia services with the required parameters, providing a guaranteed quality of service QoS (Quality of Service). According to the latest recommendations of the ITU-T and based on SMO with queues can be defined by five network characteristics that are indicative of the effectiveness of multi-service NGN/IMS networks and an important indicator of QoS.
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Shelkovyy, Denis V., Oleg Yu Sivchenko, Elizaveta E. Usina, and Аleksandr N. Bykov. "Improving the efficiency of decision-making during emergency situations in cyberphysical distributed production systems." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes 17, no. 1 (2021): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu10.2021.107.
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This paper presents results of approbation of existing mathematical models, enabling operative assessment of the required link resource to serve data streams, generated by the elements of technical vision subsystem in cyberphysical distributed production systems. Simulation experiments allowed to discover dependencies between achievable multimedia traffic packet processing delay in switching systems and link-level resource, reserved for respective data transfer. Obtained dependencies are to be used during design of algorithm for link resource control for increasing speed of decision making in emergency.
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Stamatiadis, Chronis, and Nathan H. Gartner. "MULTIBAND-96: A Program for Variable-Bandwidth Progression Optimization of Multiarterial Traffic Networks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1554, no. 1 (January 1996): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155400102.
Full textAbstract:
Progression schemes are widely used for traffic signal control in urban arterial streets. Commonly available programs such as the MAXBAND or PASSER programs use the traditional approach, which consists of a uniform bandwidth design for each arterial. The multiband criterion, on the other hand, has the ability to adapt the progressions to the specific characteristics of each link in the network and thus obtain improved performance. The development and application of the multiband signal optimization scheme in multiarterial grid networks are described. The MULTIBAND-96 model optimizes all the signal control variables, including phase lengths, offsets, cycle time, and phase sequences, and generates variable bandwidth progressions on each arterial in the network. It uses the MINOS mathematical programming package for the optimization and offers considerable advantages compared with existing models. Simulation results using TRAF-NETSIM are given.
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Kovalev, Konstantin, and Alexey Novichihin. "Efficiency Rise in Functioning of Low-Intensity Lines: Problem Statement and Mathematical Models." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 19, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2022-19-1-28-39.
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Purpose: The article proposes a solution of the problem of functioning of low-intensity lines. The provisions of the strategies for the development of railway transport for various planning horizons are considered in the context of improving the efficiency of the operation of low-intensity lines. The mechanism of assessment on the set of indicators and stages of life cycle of the lines has been defined. The scenarios of sustainable development of low-intensity lines depending on life cycle phase are formed. The mechanism for the evaluation and current stimulation of low-intensity lines has been developed to maintain optimal values of key parameters. The features of the functioning of low-intensity lines on Russian railways are determined in terms of high social significance for population and strategic importance for the country and the correlation of the size of traffic in the regions with the country economic development. Mathematical formulation of the problem of effective functioning of low-intensity lines based on its decomposition is proposed to determine the stages of the life cycle. The model of managing the interaction of intense and low-intensity lines has been improved by means of fuzzy cognitive modeling methods. An enlarged fuzzy cognitive map for the control of intense and low-intensity lines is presented. Control concepts that have a significant impact on the control object are defined. Methods: Methods of analysis and synthesis, system theory, mathematical modeling are applied. Results: A solution for the problem of increasing the efficiency of the operation of low-intensity lines in modern conditions from the standpoint of loosely-structured systems is proposed. Practical significance: Mathematical formulation of the problem of low-intensity line functioning is presented which is solved by determining the stages of the life cycle and the model for managing the interaction between intense and low-intensity lines based on fuzzy cognitive modeling for practical application to existing low-intensity lines.
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Nagaoka, Sakae. "Characterizing Height-keeping Error Distribution Based on Indirect Observation." Journal of Navigation 39, no. 3 (September 1986): 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300000886.
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Mathematical collision risk models, e.g. the Reich (1966) model, may be useful for evaluating the safety of air traffic control systems. The model requires parameters associated with the navigational errors of aircraft. Among navigational errors the distribution of height-keeping errors (HKE) is of great interest for evaluating the feasibility of reducing the current 2000 ft vertical separation standard above flight level 290 (29000 ft). The distribution is closely related to the probability of vertical overlap which is a key parameter of the collision risk model.
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Buznikov, S. E., V. V. Evgrafov, and A. M. Saykin. "Structuring tasks of control over driverless vehicles within intelligent transport systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2061, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2061/1/012093.
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Abstract The relevance of the research topic is defined by the global level of significance of the problem of creation and safe operation of driverless transport on public roads. The research objective was to develop a mathematical model of the problem that allows forming a scientifically grounded strategy for driverless transport progress. The Zwicky Morphological Box method was used as a research method, which allowed building a structured set of intelligent transport system variants. Variables corresponding to the hard-surfaced road types, the level of informational support in the form of digital road models and the level of control tasks with increasing complexity were used as structural variables. A complex of tasks required to control traffic or driving in closed territories, on highways, suburban motorways passing through human settlements, urban streets, and yards has been defined. The control task complexes of each consecutive level include the task complexes of all the previous levels, and the digital road models of a higher level contain the digital models of all the previous levels. The analysis of the obtained results allowed building a trajectory of progressive development of the driverless vehicle focus area within the field of control task levels, road types, and their digital models.
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Bandung, Yoanes, and Joshua Tanuraharja. "MODIFIED PASSIVE AVAILABLE BANDWIDTH ESTIMATION IN IEEE 802.11 WLAN." Journal of Information and Communication Technology 19, Number 4 (August 20, 2020): 483–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jict2020.19.4.2.
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Quality of Service provisioning for real-time multimedia applications is largely determined by a network’s available bandwidth. Until now, there is no standard method for estimating bandwidth on wireless networks. Therefore, in this study, a mathematical model called Modified Passive Available Bandwidth Estimation (MPABE) was developed to estimate the available bandwidth passively on a Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) wireless network on the IEEE 802.11 protocol. The mathematical model developed was a modification of three existing mathematical models, namely Available Bandwidth Estimation (ABE), Cognitive Passive Estimation of Available Bandwidth V2 (cPEAB-V2), and Passive Available Bandwidth Estimation (PABE). The proposed mathematical model gave emphasis on what will be faced to estimate available bandwidth and will help in building strategies to estimate available bandwidth on IEEE 802.11. The developed mathematical model consisted of idle period synchronisation between sender and receiver, the overhead probability occurring in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, as well as the successful packet transmission probability. Successful packet transmission was influenced by three variables, namely the packet collision probability caused by a number of neighbouring nodes, the packet collision probability caused by traffic from hidden nodes, and the packet error probability. The proposed mathematical model was tested by comparing it with other relevant mathematical models. The performance of the four mathematical models was compared with the actual bandwidth. Using a series of experiments that have been performed, it was found that the proposed mathematical model is approximately 26% more accurate than ABE, 36% more accurate than cPEABV2, and 32% more accurate than PABE.
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Dobryshkin, Y., M. Senkovych, D. Marchuk, and T. Symonenko. "DEVELOPMENT OF A DATA FLOW CONTROL METHOD IN THE STATIONARY COMPONENT OF THE AIR FORCE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, no. 4 (August 19, 2020): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.4.2020.04.
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The article considers the solving an urgent scientific problem, which is to improve the flow control means in the coordinated implementation of multi-way routing strategies and preventive limitation of traffic intensity entering the transport network, based on improving the flow control method in the stationary component of the Air Force communication system in order to increase its productivity.
The paper analyzes the problem and shows that an important place in modern and promising telecommunications networks, which are developing in the direction of creating next-generation NGN networks, is given to flow control means both within the transport network and at the stage of access to it. The solution to this problem is to improve the mathematical models of flow control, which are the basis of modern technological solutions.
The article proposes a method of flow control which provides a coherent solution to the problems of multi-way routing and preventive limitation of traffic intensity on the basis of both relative and absolute priorities. To ensure more adequate service a model of traffic control based on relative priorities is proposed.
The practical implementation of the work results envisages a set of organizational-technical measures related to the principles of organizational, technological and algorithmic nature, which will increase the productivity of the stationary component of the Air Force communication system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
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Atiquzzaman, Md, and Huaguo Zhou. "Modeling the Risk of Wrong-Way Driving Entry at the Exit Ramp Terminals of Full Diamond Interchanges." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 17 (June 29, 2018): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118783152.
Full textAbstract:
Wrong-way driving (WWD) crashes are a critical safety issue on freeways. Although these crashes are rare and random in nature, they often result in severe injuries and/or fatalities. Typically, exit ramp terminals are the initial point of entry for wrong-way (WW) drivers on freeways. Therefore, it is important for transportation agencies to identify the exit ramp terminals with higher possibility of WW entries and apply safety countermeasures to reduce the chances of their occurrence. However, the random nature of WWD crashes and the difficulty in identifying the actual entry points makes it hard for transportation agencies to assess the risk of WWD at a particular exit ramp terminal and apply countermeasures accordingly. This study developed mathematical models for predicting the risk of WW entries at the exit ramp terminals of full diamond interchanges. The geometric design features, usage of traffic control devices, area type where the interchanges are located, and annual average daily traffic (AADT) at the exit ramp terminals with or without history of WWD were used as potential predictors of WW entry. Transportation agencies can use these models to assess the risk of WW entries at the exit ramp terminals within their jurisdictions and consider possible countermeasures. They also can be applied during the design phase to determine the combination of geometric design features and traffic control devices that ensures the least possibility of WW entry.
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Rosas-Jaimes, Oscar A., Luis A. Quezada-Téllez, and Guillermo Fernández-Anaya. "Control designs and stability analyses for Helly’s car-following model." International Journal of Modern Physics C 29, no. 03 (March 2018): 1850025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183118500250.
Full textAbstract:
Car-following is an approach to understand traffic behavior restricted to pairs of cars, identifying a “leader” moving in front of a “follower”, which at the same time, it is assumed that it does not surpass to the first one. From the first attempts to formulate the way in which individual cars are affected in a road through these models, linear differential equations were suggested by author like Pipes or Helly. These expressions represent such phenomena quite well, even though they have been overcome by other more recent and accurate models. However, in this paper, we show that those early formulations have some properties that are not fully reported, presenting the different ways in which they can be expressed, and analyzing them in their stability behaviors. Pipes’ model can be extended to what it is known as Helly’s model, which is viewed as a more precise model to emulate this microscopic approach to traffic. Once established some convenient forms of expression, two control designs are suggested herein. These regulation schemes are also complemented with their respective stability analyses, which reflect some important properties with implications in real driving. It is significant that these linear designs can be very easy to understand and to implement, including those important features related to safety and comfort.