Journal articles on the topic 'Airplanes – Motors – Design and construction'
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1
Rakiec, Mateusz, Aleksandra Kwiecien, Rafal Muchowski, and Bartosz Kazmierski. "Design and Manufacturing Process of Micro Air Vehicles." MATEC Web of Conferences 257 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925701003.
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This paper shows shortly the designing, optimization and manufacturing process of light and compact, carbon fiber MAV. It also covers testing and results. The main purpose was to make an innovative prototype of UAV which is easy to transport, assembly and carry as much high volume payload as possible. The optimization process started from defining the constrains. To gain information needed to choose the best solution and perform optimization, authors made many tests. The material, which was chosen, had to be as light and durable as possible - this characteristics were later checked in tensile test of carbon fiber samples. The main optimization algorithm do initial research about the rest parameters of aircraft. The point was to narrow the range of analyzed chord’s values and find the best motors. For better performance the original airfoil was developed. It works perfectly in low Reynolds number area and has perfect characteristics for high-lift airfoils, compared to similar. It was later checked in CFD. The special manufacturing process of carbon fiber airplane was designed. After all the construction was tested. The successful flight tests confirmed that design process was appropriate and done well. All theoretical assumptions were also right.
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Жукевич, А. Б., and О. А. Жукевич. "СИНТЕЗ І НАПІВНАТУРНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ГІДРОПРИВОДУ З КОВЗНИМИ РЕЖИМАМИ." Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, no. 87 (June 30, 2020): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2020.87.06.
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We consider the construction of servo-hydraulic drive of volumetric regulation system control relay type. A volumetric hydraulic actuator is used in agriculture, construction, transport machine, coal harvesters, rigs, airplanes, military machinery, etc. Hydraulic bulk drive have several advantages, most important of which are the possibility of obtaining a great effort, smooth operation, low inertia hydraulic machines, relatively high efficiency (up to 80%), high reliability. At the same time, he has a number of drawbacks, chief of which is the change in the properties of the working liquid during operation and under the influence of external factors. The disadvantages include loss of hydraulic oil, contamination of the liquid during operation. These shortcomings can lead to loss of quality control loss of accuracy, speed of working off of the set of control actions. One of the classes of systems which structurally provide high dynamic accuracy, there are systems operating in the sliding mode. In addition, due to the introduction of sliding mode in some cases it is possible to increase the degree of astaticism of the system, and hence to improve the playback quality of the input job. Proposed the implementation of a control system of hydraulic drive, is invariant to parametric and external disturbances through the use of sliding modes. To study the proposed control system with hydraulic drive constructed model of the developed system, which is the natural object of a hydraulic drive using its mathematical model, at the same time the control system is implemented physically is one that can be used in a real device. Hill simulation has allowed answering the questions of realization of sliding modes when controlling hydraulic drive of volumetric regulation through a DC motor. The behavior of a control system of hydraulic drive when changing the parameters of the control object (the moment of inertia, viscosity), which showed that the change of damping ratio within a wide range (up to 50% of the design) does not disrupt the sliding mode, the quality of the regulatory process does not deteriorate significantly. At the same time, the change to 100% conversion rate can lead to instability of the control system that allows to make a conclusion about the establishment of the position controller on the lesser of the possible damping coefficients. Also a study of digital implementation of the synthesized control law by introducing in the control loop time delay has been carried out, which is possible with the use of microprocessor-based calculator.
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Kazerooni, H., and S. Kim. "On the Design and Construction of Direct-Drive Robots." Journal of Engineering for Industry 112, no. 2 (May 1, 1990): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899568.
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In this research, a statically-balanced direct-drive manipulator is designed and constructed to achieve improved dynamic behavior for compliance control [10, 11, 12]. The manipulator mechanism, incorporating a four-bar linkage, is designed so that its functional parts are balanced in all positions without the addition of counterweights. The motors are never loaded by gravity. As a result, smaller motors with less torque can be used to achieve higher speed, accuracy, and repeatability in fine manipulation tasks. The robot is powered by high-torque AC synchronous motors. The mechanism is comprised of graphite-epoxy and AA7075T6 aluminum materials. The manipulator is controlled by a parallel processor computer.
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Meng, Fan Wei, and Yong Biao Hu. "Design Method and Parameters Matching of Electric Motors for Hybrid Construction Equipment." Advanced Materials Research 950 (June 2014): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.950.160.
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Design methods of electric motors and reasonable parametric design principles for hybrid electric construction equipments are proposed. In accordance with the power performance, economical efficiency and electric transmission features of construction equipments, the new design method of electric motors which is an advanced application-centric design process are analyzed, and the design theory and calculation method of main parameters are discussed, so that theoretical basis is provided for the research and design of new electric drive construction equipments. Parametric design of a typical dozer drive train is conducted applied the proposed new design method and calculation method. Major components of the power train are modeled using the simulation software Simulink. Based on power track control strategy, the simulation results show that the proposed new design method and parameter design theory of electric motors for hybrid construction equipments are reasonable. It has significance in both theory and practice for the research and development of hybrid electric drive construction equipments.
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Amrhein, W., S. Silber, K. Nenninger, G. Trauner, and R. Schöb. "Mechatronical Design Studies on Small Brushless Motors." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 9, no. 2 (2003): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x03000113.
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Brushless DC- and AC-permanent-magnet motors controlled by powerful micro-controller electronics have opened up a significant share of the small motor market in the last years. Based on the mechanical low cost construction of single-phase motor the paper presents electronic drive concepts to improve the performance and for special applications also the lifetime of brushless motors. The tangential and radial forces acting on the rotor are controlled by special phase current curves to reduce the torque ripple and to avoid expendable machinery parts like ball or sliding bearings.
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Trazzi, P. E. "DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A 70 N THRUST CLASS TURBOJET ENGINE." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2004): 09. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v3i1.3484.
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Small turbojet engines are being used for propulsion of radio-controlled
model airplanes. The design and development of the model 505 small jet
engine are reviewed. Small size gas turbines present special design and
construction difficulties, some of which are addressed; design choices
leading to the final configuration are discussed. Aero-thermodynamic
aspects are covered along with experimental data when available. The unit
is comprised of a radial compressor, an annular combustion chamber, and
an axial turbine plus accessories; details on these components and on
production aspects are presented.
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Kuzmin, Yury Viktorovich. "Development of designs of four-seat airplanes in the XX century." Историческая информатика, no. 3 (March 2022): 56–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2585-7797.2022.3.38633.
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The work is devoted to the analysis of a specific sub-branch of airplane construction and, at the same time, to the search of general laws of technology development. For the first time, a global picture of the development of designs of four-seat airplanes in the XX century is given, priority designs are identified. It is shown that the development of four-seat airplanes goes through two stages: the search (until the end of the 1940s), when popular airplane schemes periodically replaced each other, the airplane characteristics varied greatly, and the second stage of mature technology. In the second half of the XX century, both the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of four-seat airplanes remain almost constant and attempts to improve them did not lead to an increase in demand. The change of technology generations was replaced by coexistence, when each type of construction worked out during the previous period found its market niche. The division of phases, the transition from generation’s change to their coexistence, is clearly visible when analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data of airplanes. A paradoxical reaction of aircraft manufacturers to the decline in sales was found, expressed in increased design activity and an attempt to offer products with better technical characteristics. The inefficiency of such a reaction was shown. It is revealed that, contrary to widespread opinion, the change of technological solutions in production is faster than in development. As a result, most of the market is captured not by pioneers and not by retrogrades, but by followers – those who use modern, but already tested technologies in their products. At the same time, attempts to create and offer aircraft to consumers in a methodology that is no longer in demand have persisted unsuccessfully for decades.
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Bordianu, Adelina, and Gheorghe Samoilescu. "Analysis of Materials Used in the Construction of Electric Motors." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 25, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2019-0111.
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Abstract The paper presents the evolution of electric motors from the point of view of the materials used. Magnetic materials and composite materials, which are used in the construction of electrical machines, are analysed. Composite materials based on magnetic materials have a large coercive field, a wider hysteresis cycle, they cannot be easily demagnetized and they absorb better the vibration energy - therefore the noise is reduced. In the design of electric machines, the aim is to obtain a higher magnetic permeability across the frequency spectrum and to reduce the losses in iron and copper. We analysed the radial electric motors with cylindrical magnets, electric motors in discoidal form with axial field and motors with magnets with transverse flux. Hard magnetic materials were presented and the advantage of their use was highlighted - they retain a significant residual magnetization which translates into a significant saturation magnetization. The synthesis of Fe nanoparticles is performed and the composite materials obtained from iron powders with organic or inorganic binders are analysed with the purpose of reducing iron losses in electric motors.
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Mancilla-Cerezo, Josué, Ana Cristina Palacios-García, Rafael Tovany-León, Ricardo Jesús Rocha-Morles, Jorge Luis Flores-Benitez, Efraín Cotto-Jiménez, and Manuel González Pérez. "Design and Construction of an Educational Rover-type CanSat Picosatellite, Applying the “V” Methodology." International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Management Research 07, no. 03 (2022): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijaemr.2022.7306.
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Several years have passed since the CanSat concept was first proposed as an educational tool to teach space technology. This concept brought with it different applications such as a mobile system. This article presents the design and construction of such a system. The mission consisted of sending data via telemetry to a ground station (laptop) and returning to the starting point. This mission was carried out utilizing a rover-type vehicle, using the “v” methodology. The electronic cards and the mechanical parts that would make up the rover-type vehicle were designed. The electronic cards were built for their manufacture, and the mechanical parts were printed on a 3D printer. A rover-type CanSat capable of sending data through telemetry to a ground station (laptop) located 1 km away was built. In conclusion, the data transmission was received and traced by the ground station. A solution is presented with the rotation of the casing incorporating some vials to the motors. In the case of DC motors, it is recommended to place encoders to maintain the same speed as both motors.
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da Rocha Queiroz, Juliano, Anacreone da Silva Souza, Maurício Klein Gussoli, Júlio César Dainezi de Oliveira, and Cid Marcos Gonçalves Andrade. "Construction and Automation of a Microcontrolled Solar Tracker." Processes 8, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101309.
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A solar tracker can be defined as an electromechanical system capable of following the apparent path of the Sun, in order to orient an array of solar panels and/or collectors directly to the solar rays, maximizing the collected energy. Accordingly, the present work describes the process of building and automating a micro-controlled solar tracker. Two mobile structures were built, one equipped with high-precision step motors and four luminosity sensors separated in quadrants by a cross structure, and the other equipped with DC motors and the 275 Wp solar panel, allowing the design and evaluation of the behavior of each structure separately. The control and automation system is centralized in an Arduino MEGA2560 microcontroller, which runs the tracking and positioning algorithms. The built prototype allows us to carry out studies of solar tracking strategies based on sensor and control systems applied to DC motors.
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Andrada, P. "Design of a segmented switched reluctance drive for a light electric vehicle." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.394.
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The light electric vehicle market requires better performance motors with less or even without permanent magnets. Switched reluctance motors (SRM) are among the best placed to meet this goal, despite they have lower power density, higher torque ripple, and are noisier than synchronous permanent magnet motors. Segmented stator switched reluctance motors (SSSRM) can reduce these drawbacks of conventional SRMs due to their modular construction and shorter flux paths. This paper presents a procedure for designing an SSSRM for a light electric vehicle. First, the output torque equation is derived from a simplified nonlinear energy conversion loop, and then guidelines for its design are given. Once the preliminary sizing of the SSSRM has been carried out, simulation using electromagnetic finite element analysis is performed. Then, the complete drive is simulated and validated using Matlab-Simulink and some results of the definitive finite element analysis (magnetization curves and static torque curves).
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Laskaris, Konstantinos, Effrosyni Theodorou, Vasilios Papanikolaou, and Antonios Kladas. "High Efficiency Permanent Magnet Wheel Motor Design for Light Electric Vehicle Applications." Materials Science Forum 721 (June 2012): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.721.313.
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Permanent magnet synchronous machines with non-overlapping concentrated fractional-slot windings present certain improved electrical characteristics compared to full pitch windings configurations. This paper describes the design process and construction of two 10-pole permanent magnet synchronous motors, featuring full-pitch and fractional-pitch windings. The paper compares these two configurations in terms of performance and efficiency. Both motors have been designed for direct-drive applications with low speed and high efficiency capability and are intended to be used as a traction drive in an electric prototype vehicle. The proposed motors have external rotor configuration with surface mounted NdFeB magnets. The electromagnetic characteristics and performance are computed and analyzed by means of finite elements analysis. These results are finally compared with the experimental measurements on respective prototypes.
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Novotňák, Jozef, Martin Fiľko, Pavol Lipovský, and Miroslav Šmelko. "Design of the System for Measuring UAV Parameters." Drones 6, no. 8 (August 18, 2022): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6080213.
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This article deals with the design and creation of a tensometric measuring system to measure the parameters of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) of the quadcopter type. The system was designed to measure the total UAV thrust and the thrust of its individual motors. The distribution of forces from the UAV motors and their transmission to the sensors was ensured by a specially designed construction, for which the mechanical stresses were simulated and analysed for different modes of the UAV flight. The thrust measurement was performed by four pairs of strain gauges. A measurement system designed in this way and the measured parameters of the UAV can be used for tuning the flight control algorithms applied in the autopilot.
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Dahms, Julius, and Andreas Bardenhagen. "Propulsion model for (hybrid) unmanned aircraft systems (UAS)." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2018-0033.
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Purpose This paper deals with the estimation of the necessary masses of propulsion components for multirotor UAS. Originally, within the design process of multirotors, this is an iterative problem, as the propulsion masses contribute to the total takeoff mass. Hence, they influence themselves and cannot be directly calculated. The paper aims to estimate the needed propulsion masses with respect to the requested thrust because of payload, airframe weight and drag forces and with respect to the requested flight time. Design/methodology/approach Analogue to the well-established design synthesis of airplanes, statistical data of existing electrical motors, propellers and rechargeable batteries are evaluated and analyzed. Applying Rankine and Froude’s momentum theory and a generic model for electro motor efficiency factors on the statistical performance data provides correlations between requested performance and, therefore, needed propulsion masses. These correlations are evaluated and analyzed in the scope of buoyant-vertical-thrusted hybrid UAS. Findings This paper provides a generic mathematical propulsion model. For given payloads, airframe structure weights and a requested flight time, appropriate motor, propeller and battery masses can be modelled that will provide appropriate thrust to lift payload, airframe and the propulsion unit itself over a requested flight time. Research limitations/implications The model takes into account a number of motors of four and is valid for the category of nano and small UAS. Practical implications The presented propulsion model enables a full numerical design process for vertical thrusted UAS. Hence, it is the precondition for design optimization and more efficient UAS. Originality/value The propulsion model is unique and it is valid for pure multirotor as well as for hybrid UAS too.
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Geiß, Ingmar, and Rudolf Voit-Nitschmann. "Sizing of fuel-based energy systems for electric aircraft." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, no. 12 (August 4, 2017): 2295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410017721254.
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Optimized electric motors are lighter and smaller than conventional piston engines. As a result, new airplane configurations are feasible as motors can be placed in unconventional positions. Through careful aircraft design higher aerodynamic efficiencies of airframe, propeller, and propeller integration can be achieved. The energy density of current batteries, however, still limits strongly the range of purely battery powered aircraft. But if the energy is stored in liquid fuel and converted by a generator into electric energy, then the advantages of electric propelled airplanes and conventional combustion engines can be combined. But which combustion engine is optimal for such a serial-hybrid electric aircraft? In this new propulsion chain, other boundary conditions apply to the combustion engine than in conventional aircraft designs. These boundary conditions interact with the characteristics of combustion engines. An example for an engine characteristic is that different kinds of piston engines exist. It can be observed that technologies, which result in lighter piston engines, are associated with lower efficiencies and vice versa. In this paper it will be shown through considerations on aircraft level, that the optimal combustion engine for an electric-hybrid airplane should be heavier and more efficient than the optimal combustion engine for a conventional aircraft.
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Chattopadhyay, Purnesh, Priyanka Sharan, Andrej Berndt, and Juliane Simmchen. "Carbonate Micromotors for Treatment of Construction Effluents." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2020): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071408.
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Concrete in construction has recently gained media coverage for its negative CO2 footprint, but this is not the only problem associated with its use. Due to its chemical composition, freshly poured concrete changes the pH of water coming in contact with the surface to very alkaline values, requiring neutralization treatment before disposal. Conventional methods include the use of mineral acid or CO2 pumps, causing high costs to building companies. In this paper, we present a micromotor based remediation strategy, which consists of carbonate particles half-coated with citric acid. To achieve this half coverage spray coating is used for the first time to design Janus structures. The motors propel diffusiophoretically due to a self-generated gradient formed as the acid coverage dissolves. The locally lower pH contributes to the dissolution of the carbonate body. These motors have been employed to study neutralization of diluted concrete wash water (CWW) at microscopic scale and we achieve visualization of the pH changes occurring in the vicinity of motors using anthocyanine as pH indicator dye. The effect of citric acid-carbonates hybrid on neutralization of real CWW on macroscopic scale has also been studied. In addition, all employed chemicals are cheap, non-toxic and do not leave any solid residues behind.
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Sakhakarmi, Sayan, and JeeWoong Park. "Investigation of Tactile Sensory System Configuration for Construction Hazard Perception." Sensors 19, no. 11 (June 3, 2019): 2527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112527.
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The application of tactile-based wearable devices to assist in navigation for people with low sight/low memory has demonstrated the feasibility of using such devices as a means of communication. Accordingly, a previous study in construction research investigated various parameters of tactile signals to develop a communicable system for potential application in construction hazard communication. However, the nature of construction limits the application of such devices to the body of construction workers, and it is important to understand sensor design parameters for improved communication, which has not been given significant attention yet. Therefore, this study aims to determine key design factors such as the number of motors, spacing between sensors and the layout of a tactile sensory system to be used for communicating construction hazards to workers. For this purpose, this study focused on identifying the number of motors based on extensive literature and the problem of construction safety as to hazard communication, determining the arrangement that allowed for effective delivery and perception of information with minimum effort. The researchers conducted two experimental studies: First, to determine the minimum spacing between vibration motors that allows for the identification of each individual motor with high accuracy; and second, to determine the layout of motors that is suitable for effective communication of multiple types of information. More importantly, the tactile-sensor configuration identified from this study allows the workers to learn the signal patterns easily in order to identify multiple types of information related to hazards. Using such a communication system on construction sites will assist in transmitting hazard-related information to workers, and thus, protect the lives of workers. Such wearable technologies enable the detection of individual-level hazards and prevent worker fatalities and severe injuries.
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Avrunin, Grigory, Igor Pimonov, Oleg Shcherbak, Aleksandr Yaryzhko, and Irene Moroz. "Analysis of modern technical means for servicing airports and airplanes." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 99 (December 29, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2022.99.0.34.
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Problem. The problem is an integral part of developing the concept of forming a standard range of transport and technological hydrophilic modular means for maintenance of airfields and airplanes. Goal. The goal is development of scientifically sound recommendations for determining the rational parameters of the hydraulic system with automation of control and energy saving during operation of modular vehicles for maintenance of airfields and aircraft, taking into account the potential of domestic engineering and critical imports of units and assemblies. Methodology. The methods include analysis of energy saving methods in hydraulic fluid power of mobile machines according to manufacturers' catalogs and industrial examples taking into account the needs of modular vehicles for maintenance of airfields and aircraft, in particular, taking into account the creation of modern hydraulic devices and circuit solutions in hydraulic drives with throttle and machine control and automatic regulators of change of hydraulic fluid power. Results. It is established that in hydraulic drives with throttle control and pumps with unregulated working volume, throttles on parallel flow and three-wire flow regulators or LS and LUDV modern systems are used; automatic pressure and flow regulators are used with pumps with adjustable displacement; in machine-controlled hydraulic drives through the use of pumps and hydraulic motors with adjustable displacement and hydraulic automation; by energy recovery during operation and bench tests of hydraulic drives; at the design stage of hydraulic drives, when the static analysis is performed in terms of efficiency and dynamic to reduce the loads on the starting modes of operation; and also at designing lay the effective circuit technical decisions promoting energy saving; directly in operation due to high-quality working fluids, heat exchange systems and filtration. Originality. The classification of methods of energy saving in volumetric hydraulic drives of mobile machines is made and examples of application of some means which are planned for introduction in transmissions and the technological equipment of cars for service of aerodromes and planes are resulted. Practical value. The possibility of a rational selection of axial-piston domestic hydraulic machines for the development of hydraulic drives for airfields and aircraft is proven.
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Avrunin, Grigory, Igor Pimonov, Oleh Shcherbak, Irene Moroz, and Oleksandrа Olieinikova. "Аnalysis of energy saving methods servic-ing airfields and airplanes." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 99 (December 29, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2022.99.0.18.
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Problem. The problem is an integral part of developing the concept of forming a standard range of transport and technological hydrophilic modular means for maintenance of airfields and aircraft. Goal. The goal is development of scientifically sound recommendations for determining the rational parameters of the hydraulic system with automation of control and energy saving during operation of modular vehicles for maintenance of airfields and aircraft, taking into account the potential of domestic engineering and critical imports of units and assemblies. Methodology. The methods include analysis of energy saving methods in hydraulic fluid power of mobile machines according to manufacturers' catalogs and industrial examples taking into account the needs of modular vehicles for maintenance of airfields and aircraft, in particular, taking into account the creation of modern hydraulic devices and circuit solutions in hydraulic drives with throttle and machine control and automatic regulators of change of hydraulic fluid power. Results. It is established that in hydraulic drives with throttle control and pumps with unregulated working volume, throttles on parallel flow and three-wire flow regulators or LS and LUDV modern systems are used; automatic pressure and flow regulators are used with pumps with adjustable displacement; in machine-controlled hydraulic drives through the use of pumps and hydraulic motors with adjustable displacement and hydraulic automation; by energy recovery during operation and bench tests of hydraulic drives; at the design stage of hydraulic drives, when the static analysis is performed in terms of efficiency and dynamic to reduce the loads on the starting modes of operation; and also at designing lay the effective circuit technical decisions promoting energy saving; directly in operation due to high-quality working fluids, heat exchange systems and filtration. Originality. The classification of methods of energy saving in volumetric hydraulic drives of mobile machines is made and examples of application of some means which are planned for introduction in transmissions and the technological equipment of cars for service of aerodromes and planes are resulted. Practical value. The possibility of a rational selection of axial-piston domestic hydraulic machines for the development of hydraulic drives for airfields and aircraft is proven.
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Shevchenko, A. F., A. G. Pristup, O. I. Novokreshchenov, D. M. Toporkov, and V. V. Korneev. "Construction and design features of permanent magnet electric motors for general industrial purposes." Russian Electrical Engineering 85, no. 12 (December 2014): 748–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s106837121412013x.
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DUMITRU, Andrei, Bogdan VĂRĂTICEANU, and Paul MINCIUNESCU. "Performance Analysis of Brushless Motors with Segmented Cores considering Manufacturing Constraints." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 69, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.21.69.1.1108001.
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Brushless servomotors are widely used in industry and in all domains that require precise and easy position/speed/torque control. To further improve the performance of these motors, the segmentation of the stator core is taken into account. This approach to core construction provides a high slot fill factor, compact design, and efficient use of materials. This paper aims to present that the manufacturing constraints and tolerances of this particular core construction can increase unwanted effects in brushless motors, like cogging torque, torque ripple and their influence regarding the back-EMF. Two models for a 12slots-10 pole configuration, one with segmented core and one with standard laminated core are compared and analysed using the FEA (Finite Element Analysis) method. The influence of the additional air gaps that occur in such constructions is investigated to provide an overview for the design of segmented motors. Various lengths for air gaps between the segments of the core are taken into consideration and non-uniform distribution of such gaps. The paper also provides further steps that must be taken in order to verify/validate the studied model’s impact on motor design.
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Lefik, Marcin. "Design of permanent magnet synchronous motors including thermal aspects." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 34, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-08-2014-0196.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to include thermal analysis in the design process of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The additional objective is a comparison of PMSM with induction motor (IM) in terms of thermal phenomena. Design/methodology/approach – Numerical investigation using commercial software MotorSolve was performed. Parameterized models of PMSM and IM were used. Calculations of motor parameters and temperature distribution were made using Finite Element Method. Findings – The results of the calculations show that thermal calculations should be included in the design process because the maximum permissible operating temperature of permanent magnets should not be exceeded. A comparative analysis of PMSM and IM shows that the PMSM has better parameters than the IM which was used as a base of the PMSM construction. Research limitations/implications – Computational models should be verified experimentally on a physical model or by using more complex numerical models. In the case of IM thermal calculations, a method of air speed calculation should be proposed. Air speed is a parameter that is necessary in thermal analysis of IM, but during the design process it is unknown. Originality/value – This paper presents modelling methodology of 3D transient thermal field coupled with electromagnetic field applied in a three-phase IM at rated load conditions. This paper presents a design strategy which includes thermal analysis of the designed PMSM. Moreover, the paper shows a comparison between PMSM and IM indicating advantages of PMSM over IM.
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Flórez-Ruiz, Juan Fernando, Jorge Guillermo Díaz-Rodríguez, Alexander Ramírez-Dueñes, and Félix Antonio Pérez-Rondón. "Design, simulation and construction of a pellets transportation laboratory." ITECKNE 16, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15332/iteckne.v16i2.2352.
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The article presents how three scaled down industrial machinery models were designed and built as an educational tool to present the transport of particulate material. The literature review showed calculation models for equipment at industrial level, not for laboratory level. There were chosen the most representative means of commercial transport for particulate materials: a conveyor screw, a conveyor belt and a bucket elevator. These three machines were calculated and built in polycarbonate to allow visualization of their internal functioning. The three devices are controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC) and connected to each other by a SCADA network. The equipment is modular so as not to alter the order of operation, being able to obtain different work sequences. In addition, a man-machine graphic interface (HMI) was developed to supervise and to control the designed equipment. The results of particulate material mass flow obtained are approximately coincident with those estimated, validating the use of calculation models for much lower levels of work. Finally, it is emphasized that the system obtained is an environment for students to implement control techniques using the sensors and motors used in the designs.
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Shavin, Mikhail. "Design and identification of tilt-motor quadrotor control system." MATEC Web of Conferences 211 (2018): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821102013.
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Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with four tilt-motors is considered. The quadrotor includes four servomotors, which allow tilting the motors responsible for the thrust force. Additional control input signals enhance the UAVs maneuverability and forward flight speed in comparison with analogous classically designed UAVs. We develop a mathematical model of the tilt-motor quadrotor dynamics, which takes into account all principal forces and torques. On the basis of the mathematical model we design the control loop for a tiltmotor quadrotor. The implemented control algorithm not only allows to independently control position and attitude of the UAV, but also takes into account non-linear actuators constraints. Sensor signals, upon which the closed controlloop relies, are processed with the aid of Extended Kalman Filter. We demonstrate the performance of the model and the control-loop by simulating UAV’s passing an obstacle course. Our numerical experiments are also instrumental in identifying the key parameters of principal parts of the construction.
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Kojima, Hiroyuki. "Special Issue on Gear Components and Actuators." International Journal of Automation Technology 2, no. 5 (September 5, 2008): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2008.p0333.
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Components such as gears, bearings, and shafts are essential to effective automation, ensuring reliable, cost-effective design. Actuators such as DC, AC, and stepping motors are equally important to automation. Studies in mechatronics make equal use of both gears and actuators in the practical construction of automated equipment. This special issue on gears and actuators looks at studies on load bearing capacity in mechanical system design, including micropitting generation and high-speed finishing of hard gear teeth for garnering insights into mechanisms behind successful automation. It also monitors the study of trajectory planning and motion control of robots using ball screws, worm gears, stepping motors, and AC motors. Our deep appreciation goes to the authors for their informative and interesting papers and to the editors for their generous time and effort in making this special issue possible.
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Flores, Julio C., and Alejandro Gutierrez-Giles. "Design and construction of a low-cost robotic system for teaching and research." Memorias del Congreso Nacional de Control Automático 5, no. 1 (October 17, 2022): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.58571/cnca.amca.2022.081.
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The design and construction of a signal-acquisition and control platform for its use to control a robotic manipulator is proposed in this work. The system consists of an open-loop architecture robotic arm with DC motors and encoders, whose signals are acquired and processed using a standard PC. This platform can be potentially used for research and teaching purposes. The main contribution is its low-cost modular design with widely available components, which permits to scaling it for manipulators with several degrees of freedom. The performance of the designed system is tested by several experiments with different nonlinear controllers.
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Woothipatanapan, Sakhon, and Poonsri Wannakarn. "Design and Construction of a Mini Magnetic Levitation Train." Applied Mechanics and Materials 891 (May 2019): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.891.253.
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This article presents the design and construction of a mini magnetic levitation train. The design of the train is based on the theory of 3-phase Linear Induction Motor (LIM). The train consists of two main sections. The first part is the linear induction motor, which is the part that drives the train to move. The second part is the magnetic field winding, which is the part that raises the body of the train to float over the rails. Such train can move forward/backward in the same principle as forward/reverse rotation control of 3-phase induction motors. For that reason, this research controls the forward/backward movement of the train with a magnetic contactor set by using the same circuit as the control of the rotation of the 3-phase induction motor. The designed train can lift 1 mm above the rails and move within a distance of 1.48 m along the length of the rails. The test results showed drive voltage, drive force, average time and drive speed of the train. From the details and results of this article can be used as a guide to create a larger magnetic levitation train, which can be used more effectively.
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Credi, Alberto. "Artificial Molecular Motors Powered by Light." Australian Journal of Chemistry 59, no. 3 (2006): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch06025.
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The bottom-up construction and operation of machines and motors of molecular size is a topic of great interest in nanoscience, and a fascinating challenge of nanotechnology. The problem of the energy supply to make molecular motors work is of the greatest importance. Research in the last ten years has demonstrated that light energy can indeed be used to power artificial nanomotors by exploiting photochemical processes in appropriately designed systems. More recently, it has become clear that under many aspects light is the best choice to power molecular motors; for example, systems that show autonomous operation and do not generate waste products can be obtained. This review is intended to discuss the design principles at the basis of light-driven artificial nanomotors, and provide an up-to-date overview on the prototype systems that have been developed.
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Arokiasami, Willson Amalraj, Prahlad Vadakkepat, and Abdullah Al Mamun. "Wingbeat Generation for a 15 DOF Flexible-Wing Aerial Vehicle Using Cosine Wave Functions." Unmanned Systems 05, no. 02 (April 2017): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s230138501750008x.
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Birds and conventional airplanes control their flight in a different manner. Conventional airplanes maneuver themselves by means of moving surfaces, while birds can bend, twist and deform their wings and adapt to unforeseen conditions such as wind gusts. However, if planes can do exactly as the birds do they can gain agility, more lift, less drag while consuming less fuel. This work aims to address this issue. Therefore, approaches of wingbeat generation for a 15 DOF flexible-wing aerial vehicle are developed in this paper. A computationally cost-effective cosine wave function-based algorithm that computes a set of wingbeats enabling the aerial vehicle to follow a desired trajectory in a realistic manner is discussed. The flexible-wing aerial vehicle is modeled similar to a seagull with an articulated skeleton. Motion of the aerial vehicle is simulated by applying joint torques and aerodynamic forces over a period of time in forward dynamics simulation. Wing and tail feather motions generate lift in the aerial vehicle, which makes it possible for the aerial vehicle to trace predefined paths. The solidworks mechanical design is used as input into Matlab SimMechanics for visualization. The results are promising for the construction of bird-like aerial vehicles.
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Malinowski, Tomasz, Tadeusz Mikolajczyk, and Adrian Olaru. "Control of Articulated Manipulator Model Using ATMEGA16." Applied Mechanics and Materials 555 (June 2014): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.555.147.
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The paper presents a model for the construction of an articulated manipulator with 3 degrees of freedom (DOF). It is made from lightweight metal. To drive was used the stepper motors. Manipulator control system was made using a ATMEGA16 microcontroller. The control software was elaborated in BASCOM. Manipulator were tested using a manually control by joystick and in automation mode using a data file in array form. Presented solution is useful for didactics. By using more powerful motors and more complicated design it can be used to implementation in industrial conditions.
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Shao, Lingyun, Rukshan Navaratne, Mircea Popescu, and Guoping Liu. "Design and Construction of Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Motors for Electric Propulsion Applications—A Review." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 158998–9017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3131000.
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Parmiggiani, Alberto, Marco Randazzo, Marco Maggiali, Giorgio Metta, Frederic Elisei, and Gerard Bailly. "Design and Validation of a Talking Face for the iCub." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 12, no. 03 (September 2015): 1550026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843615500267.
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Recent developments in human–robot interaction show how the ability to communicate with people in a natural way is of great importance for artificial agents. The implementation of facial expressions has been found to significantly increase the interaction capabilities of humanoid robots. For speech, displaying a correct articulation with sound is mandatory to avoid audiovisual illusions like the McGurk effect (leading to comprehension errors) as well as to enhance the intelligibility in noisy conditions. This work describes the design, construction and testing of an animatronic talking face developed for the iCub robot. This talking head has an articulated jaw and four independent lip movements actuated by five motors. It is covered by a specially designed elastic tissue cover whose hemlines at the lips are attached to the motors via connecting linkages. The mechanical design and the control scheme have been evaluated by speech intelligibility in noise (SPIN) perceptual tests that demonstrate an absolute 10% intelligibility gain provided by the jaw and lip movements over the audio-only display.
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Aguirre-Castro, Oscar Adrian, Everardo Inzunza-González, Enrique Efrén García-Guerrero, Esteban Tlelo-Cuautle, Oscar Roberto López-Bonilla, Jesús Everardo Olguín-Tiznado, and José Ricardo Cárdenas-Valdez. "Design and Construction of an ROV for Underwater Exploration." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 6, 2019): 5387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245387.
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The design of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with a size of 18.41 cm × 29.50 cm × 33.50 cm, and a weight of 15.64 kg, is introduced herein. The main goal is to capture underwater video by remote control communication in real time via Ethernet protocol. The ROV moves under the six brushless motors governed through a smart PID controller (Proportional + Integral + Derivative) and by using pulse-wide modulation with short pulses of 1 μs to improve the stability of the position in relation to the translational, ascent or descent, and rotational movements on three axes to capture images of 800 × 640 pixels on a video graphic array standard. The motion control, 3D position, temperature sensing, and video capture are performed at the same time, exploiting the four cores of the Raspberry Pi 3, using the threading library for parallel computing. In such a way, experimental results show that the video capture stage can process up to 42 frames per second on a Raspberry Pi 3. The remote control of the ROV is executed under a graphical user interface developed in Python, which is suitable for different operating systems, such as GNU/Linux, Windows, Android, and OS X. The proposed ROV can reach up to 100 m underwater, thus solving the issue of divers who can only reach 30 m depth. In addition, the proposed ROV can be useful in underwater applications such as surveillance, operations, maintenance, and measurement.
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So, Albert, and WL Chan. "A study of linear PMSM driven ropeless elevators." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 1 (September 3, 2018): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418797604.
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In recent years, buildings have become taller and wider. The conventional approach of one roped elevator car per hoistway seems increasingly impractical. The idea of ropeless elevators using linear motors was proposed more than 30 years ago, but it was merely treated as wishful thinking by the industry at that time due to lots of safety concerns. And discussion by the industry has mainly been qualitative in nature. In recent years, an international manufacturer announced the development of a prototype and the world's first installation may probably be open to public before the end of 2018. So far, academic studies have mainly focused on the study of linear motors with generic applications, while this paper focuses on the performance of the motor drive from an elevator's point of view. In this paper, we investigate the mechanism of the drive, and the linear permanent magnet synchronous motor and, by discretizing the equations of the full mathematical model, we fine tune the parameters and design suitable controllers. We evaluate its performance by computer simulation, based on the necessary kinematics of a real elevator, so as to arrive at some design guidelines. Finally, the most critical safety concern, i.e. free fall during a total power failure, is quantitatively studied by short circuiting all motor windings. Methods to achieve a reasonably constant and low descending speed, have been studied with parameters estimated analytically, and are verified by simulation. For the sake of illustrating the concept as an initial trial, simplified circuit models, controllers and sensors are all assumed as being ideal. It is hoped that this paper will stimulate the research interest of both the academic world and the industry, while the inclusion of more losses, armature reactions, and imperfections, etc., could be tackled in a further study. Practical application: The application of one roped elevator car in taller and wider buildings seems increasingly impractical. This paper considers the analysis of the application of ropeless elevators using linear motors focusing on the performance of the motor drive from an elevator's point of view. A basic mathematical framework is developed to study and design the controllers and drive of a multi-car elevator system by using linear permanent magnet synchronous motors with emphasis on the elevator performance as a whole system. The paper is aimed at stimulating research interest to drive the appropriate analysis and application of linear permanent magnet synchronous motor driven ropeless elevators.
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Gürbüz, Riza. "Mechatronics Approach for Desk-Top CNC Milling Machine Design." Solid State Phenomena 144 (September 2008): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.144.175.
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The marriage of computer, electronic technology and traditional machining disciplines has given birth to revolutionary new disciplines, Mechatronics. Therefore Mechatronics requires mechanical, electronic and computer knowledge together. The main aim of this article is to present the mechatronics approach for desk-top CNC milling machine design. Construction of computer controlled (CNC) Machine differs greatly from that of conventional machine tools. This difference arises from the requirement of higher performance levels. Machine Structure, guide ways, feed drives, spindle and spindle bearings, measuring systems, machine control unit, software and operator interface, gauging and tool monitoring should be considered as mechatronics approach. Servo motors, motor drivers and motor control unit were used in this CNC milling machine to make it flexible and easy programming. Ball screws were used to X-Y –Z axes to eliminate backlash of the slides. Non-contact home and Limit switches were used to prevent possible damages against over travels. Necessary torque and power have been calculated to select the motors by taking care of the load, ball screws, motor inertia and required cutting tools and etc. and developed CNC milling machine has been tested several times for reliable machining of machine parts.
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Dalloz, Loïc, Alexandre Brand, Ivan Chiniah, Damien Beaumale, and Manon Commun. "Autonomous Area Mapping with Low Cost Hovercraft Platform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 1102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.1102.
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In this paper, the possibility to build a low cost hovercraft platform with easily accessible materials and able to perform autonomous ground mapping is discussed. To do so, platform design is presented with proportional motors and construction module. The computing system is integrated to manage the platform displacement. Algorithms are used to counteract every constraint existing in this kind of vehicle such as low ground interaction and motors feedback, based on previous research on hovercraft stabilization. The mapping system which includes a camera and a laser is discussed in detail, and final mapping and exploration is computed with inspiration from mapping research.
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Pan, J. F., and Norbert Cheung. "Multi‐dimensional switched reluctance motors for industrial applications." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 38, no. 4 (June 21, 2011): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439911111132102.
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PurposeThe paper aims to discuss a new direction of design outline of four‐axis machine with multi‐dimensional motors. It proposes an integrated, direct‐drive machine based on switched reluctance (SR) principles. This includes how the machine is constructed and the structure of each axis of motion. The simulation and control results are also provided for performance prediction. The study aims to provide a solution and find applications for high‐performance, low‐cost manufacturing facilities.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on simulation and experimental results for performance prediction of the multi‐dimensional motors. With the approach of grounded theory on SR machines, design and construction of each axis of motion is verified with finite element analysis. Then, corresponding control strategy is provided for the control of each axis of motion. Some corresponding experimental results are carried out to verify motor performance.FindingsThe paper provides a general design procedure for direct‐drive, integrated, multi‐dimensional SR motors. It suggests a mechanically robust, low‐cost and simple machine structure for potential applications of industrial multi‐axis machines.Research limitations/implicationsConsidering the performance from the prototype, it is expected to find applications in low‐level force and torque output such as automated small‐scale printed circuit board drillings.Practical implicationsOwing to the limitations of the present study, the machine needs further control tests for robust or adaptive applications. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to implement further advanced control strategies on the machine.Originality/valueThe authors attempt to provide a comprehensive solution of multi‐axis machine design based on direct‐drive, low‐cost multi‐dimensional SR motors.
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Hattori, Akihisa, Toshihiko Noguchi, and Hiromu Kamiyama. "High-Torque Density Design of Small Motors for Automotive Applications with Double Axial-Air-Gap Structures." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 7341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197341.
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This paper describes the results of studies on higher torque density of automotive auxiliary motors based on electromagnetic field analysis. Dual stator axial-gap PM motors achieve higher torque density than radial-gap motors in a flat motor shape. Therefore, an axial-gap motor was designed based on a design policy different from that in the past to reduce its volume by half of the radial-gap motors for automotive applications and was experimentally evaluated using a prototype motor. In order to improve the torque density, a double axial-gap motor structure was adopted to achieve wide torque generation areas and was optimally designed, reducing the volume by 44% compared with the existing model. It was experimentally evaluated using a prototype motor.
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Nishibori, Kenji, Setsuya Kondo, Hirohisa Obata, and Shigeru Okuma. "Robot Hand with Fingers Using Vibration-Type Ultrasonic Motors (Driving Characteristics)." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 15, no. 6 (December 20, 2003): 588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2003.p0588.
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An ultrasonic motor is a promising actuator for robots since it has simple construction, high response, and high torque at low speed. This paper proposes a robot hand using vibrational ultrasonic motors, instead of moving elements, as fingers. This robot hand with three fingers can simultaneously grasp and rotate a cylindrical body. The driving characteristics of the robot hand were examined experimentally under various conditions. It was confirmed that high torque was obtained when the optimum contact angle and contact force of the ultrasonic motors were used. The reduction of output torque is small even when the diameter of the rotational body deviates from the design value.
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Choi, Su Y., Chang Y. Lee, Jung M. Jo, Jae H. Choe, Ye Jun Oh, Kwan S. Lee, and Jung Y. Lim. "Sub-Sonic Linear Synchronous Motors Using Superconducting Magnets for the Hyperloop." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 4, 2019): 4611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244611.
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Sub-sonic linear synchronous motors (LSMs) with high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets, which aim to accelerate to a velocity of 1200 km/h in the near-vacuum tubes of 0.001 atm for the Hyperloop, are newly introduced in this paper. By the virtue of the combination of LSMs and electrodynamic suspensions (EDSs) with HTS magnets, a large air-gap of 24 cm, low magnetic resistance forces of below 2 kN, and the efficient as well as practical design of propulsion power supply systems of around 10 MVA could be guaranteed at a sub-sonic velocity. The characteristics of the proposed LSMs with HTS magnets, in addition, are widely analyzed with theories and simulation results. Optimal design methods for LSMs and inverters, which account for more than half of the total construction cost, are introduced with design guidelines and examples for the commercialization version of the Hyperloop. At the end of the paper, in order to verify the proposed design models of the sub-sonic LSMs, two different test-beds—i.e., 6 m long static and 20 m long dynamic propulsion test-beds—are fabricated, and it is found that the experimental results are well matched with proposed design models as well as simulation results; therefore, the design methods constitute guidelines for the design of sub-sonic LSMs for the Hyperloop.
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Minh, D. B., V. D. Quoc, and P. N. Huy. "Efficiency Improvement of Permanent Magnet BLDC Motors for Electric Vehicles." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 5 (October 12, 2021): 7615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4367.
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A permanent magnet Brushless DC (BLDC) motor has been designed with different rotor configurations based on the arrangement of the permanent magnets. Rotor configurations strongly affect the torque and efficiency performance of permanent magnet electric motors. In this paper, different rotor configurations of the permanent magnet BLDC motor with parallel the Halbach array permanent magnet were compared and evaluated. Many applications of electric drives or air-crafts have recently preferred the surface-mounted permanent magnet design due to its ease of construction and maintenance. The finite element technique has been used for the analysis and comparison of different geometry parameters and rotor magnet configurations to improve efficiency and torque performance. A comprehensive design of a three-phase permanent magnet BLDC 35kW motor is presented and simulations were conducted to evaluate its design. The skewing rotor and Halbach magnet array are applied to the permanent surface-mounted magnet on the BLDC motor for eliminating torque ripples. In order to observe the skewing rotor effect, the rotor lamination layers were skewed with different angles and Halbach sinusoidal arrays. The determined skewing angle, the eliminated theoretically cogging torque, and the back electromotive force harmonics were also analyzed.
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Pan, Yue, Chao-Hsin Lin, Daniel Wei, Zhongzhe Dong, and Chun Chen. "Computer-aided design of a new cabin supply air nozzle in commercial airplanes for reducing particle deposition." Building and Environment 186 (December 2020): 107324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107324.
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Mukhopadhyay, Shalini, Basudeba Behera, and Jayendra Kumar. "A brief review on the recent evolution in piezoelectric linear ultrasonic motors." Engineering Research Express 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 042003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac3b73.
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Abstract This article represents the various recent advancements in the field of Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Motors, especially in linear type. The construction and operation principles evolving time to time. We have accumulated and presented a brief discussion on the linear ultrasonic motor including its working principles, initial designs, and recent advancements in this article. These motors have had increasing applications in recent years and have been developing rapidly due to their simplicity of construction and good performance. The potential applications are expanding lately to various areas such as medical devices, precise positioning systems, astronautical devices, tactile feedback systems, and many more. Owing to the wide range of applications, simple and compact design, rapidly increasing miniaturization, and the several advantages of the linear ultrasonic motor, it has been a vastly researched area in the last few decades. Continuous effort is being put into creating smaller and efficient designs, structures, and materials of the device, with stable and upgraded output performance, an acceptable range of frictional wear enabling prolonged usage.
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Shaffer, Marcus. "Developing Digi-Mechanical Formwork for Construction in Environments of Displacement." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 1142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.1142.
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This paper details the development of (semi-automated) digi-mechanical formwork to be used for constructing emergency urbanism in environments of population displacement. Through a combination of advancements in CAM technologies, continuous developments in remote power sources, and the ubiquitous reach of telecommunications networks, design professionals in the near future will have the capacity to transmit construction aid in the form of deployable building-making machinery to refugee populations in dire need of the physical, economic, and cultural benefits of architecture. This project has evolved from a series of linked/hinged casting plates manipulated by hand-cranks or drills, into a mechanized casting textile of linked formwork cartridges driven by hi-torque motors, controlled through a cell phone app.
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Parker, G. A., and Y. B. Sun. "A Mechatronic Approach to Compact Fluid Disc Valve Design." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 209, no. 2 (May 1995): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_372_02.
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The work presented in this paper deals mainly with a mechatronic approach to compact disc valve design and concentrates on improvements to the disc valve electromagnetic characteristics, the diaphragm design and the dynamic performance. A novel diaphragm-disc force motor has been successfully developed incorporating a pair of permanent ring magnets. It has the advantages of low electric power consumption at the null position, dual-lane electrical structure for fail-safe operation, high control accuracy and should be competitive with existing torque motors due to its low cost and simple construction. The research involved designing and testing a prototype disc pilot valve with a dual-lane operating mode. The test results showed that the valve has satisfactory static and dynamic characteristics for industrial applications.
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Pimonov, Igor. "Measuring system for monitoring the polydimensional deformation of superstructures of bridges and over-bridges improvement of volume hydraulic drive construction and road machines using flow shareholders." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 95 (December 16, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.95.0.7.
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Due to its advantages, the hydraulic drive is widely used in road construction machines. Depending on its design, the share of the hydraulic drive, which is the most expensive unit of a road construction machine, accounts for thirty to eighty percent of all failures. Reliable hydraulic drive, provides, to a large extent, the reliability of the whole machine and the efficiency of the construction organization as a whole. The efficiency of the hydraulic drive of construction machines, and, as a consequence, the machines themselves, is ensured by a set of measures, among which the most important is the quality design, manufacture and operation, combined into a single structural system. Depending on the quality of cleaning of the working fluid, the service life of hydraulic machines can be increased or decreased several times. Accumulation of pollutants in the hydraulic drive, the hardness of which is significantly higher than the hardness of metals, causes rapid wear of the surfaces of hydraulic units and the service life is rapidly reduced. Cavitation in the pump is accompanied by a pulsation of fluid pressure and noise. These pulsations are due to the return flow of fluid from the discharge cavity of the pump, which is accompanied by hydraulic shocks and as a result of alternating shocks, a pressure pulsation in the discharge line of the pump. The amplitude of these pulsations can, under known conditions, reach a value that causes the destruction of the pump. The possibility of cavitation can be reduced by rational choice of modes of operation of the hydraulic system and the correct design of its units, but this phenomenon can be completely eliminated only by using auxiliary pumping pumps, as well as increasing the pressure in the suction line of the pump. On the basis of the analysis of perspective directions of improvement of the hydraulic drive of the excavator the following improved scheme of it is developed. Usually only high-flow hydraulic motors can be used in flow dividers. But in our case it is necessary that the device had, first of all, small mechanical losses and small cost, and accuracy of division of working liquid which follows on filters can be small. In the volume flow divider, hydraulic motors are used: gear, piston, vane, screw, roller. The simplest dividers of volume type are paired (connected by shafts) hydraulic motors of lamellar (vane) and roller types. Hydraulic motors in this scheme are flow measuring devices (dispensers), which supply for one revolution the volume of liquid, equal without taking into account the leaks in the hydraulic motor, its working volume. The use of a flow divider as a source of hydraulic energy makes it possible to improve the hydraulic drive by combining in a single system the purification of the working fluid and the ejector feed of the pump. The most promising, in terms of cost, are flow dividers based on vane and rotary hydraulic motors..
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Донець, Олександр Дмитрович, Олександр Захарович Двейрін, Євген Тимофійович Василевський, Сергій Андрійович Філь, Олександр Григорович Гребеніков, and Андрій Михайлович Гуменний. "ПРОЕКТНО-КОНСТРУКТОРСЬКІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЛАНЕРУ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО ПАСАЖИРСЬКОГО ЛІТАКА." Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, no. 83 (May 23, 2019): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2019.83.01.
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The design features of the regional passenger aircraft airframe, which were introduced at the stages of developing the An-148/An-158 aircraft family, are described. The design and construction works on the airframe, which were aimed at the implementation of the airframe design concept, based on the principle of a safely damaged structure, are given. The An-148/An-158 airplanes were designed using modern computer-aided design systems. The work performed provides aeroelastic stability for all configurations and all design conditions. When creating a family of regional passenger airplanes, a number of new design and technological solutions were applied to the airframe design (fuselage, wing, pylons of powerplants and tail assembly), in particular: the scope of composite materials (CM) application was expanded, including the fuselage beamstructural elements; auxiliary power unit compartment is made entirely of CM; fastening the skin to the fuselage frame is made using rivets with a compensator, which ensures high quality of the external surface and eliminates the need for milling the heads of rivets after their installation; the fuselage canopy frame was made by welding, which significantly simplified the assembly technology; a two-support connected hitch scheme and control of extension of the slat sections with the use of involute gearing in the slat extensionretraction drives on the hinge mechanisms in the form of a pair of gears – a gear rack; developed a rational design of the wing box with a theoretical surface of double curvature, high adaptability and operability with survivability and high lifetime; a seven-part flap extension-retraction mechanism has been developed, which provides a predetermined flap advancement path; a combined flap design with a metal torsion box part, nose and tail part and a deflector made of CM; a molybdenum coating was applied, which increased the wear resistance of high-loaded parts from titanium alloys by more than 20 times; a monolithic integral design of interceptors and ailerons from CM was developed; a rational design of a pylon of a hinge plate of a mid-flight power plant has been developed with optimal rigidity characteristics to achieve given characteristics of flutter safety, with extensive use of composite materials in the tail and nose sections; the design of caps from pressed semi-finished products with two tips has been developed; an integrated design of the rudder and elevator made of composite materials has been developed.
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Zhang, Nan, and Shiling Wu. "Analysis of harmonic vibration synchronization for a nonlinear vibrating system with hysteresis force." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 39, no. 4 (August 3, 2019): 1087–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348419867515.
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Harmonic vibration synchronization of the two excited motors is an important factor affecting the performance of the nonlinear vibration system driven by the two excited motors. From the point of view of the hysteresis force, the nonlinear dynamic models of the nonlinear vibration system driven by the two excited motors are presented for the analysis of the hysteresis force with the asymmetry. An approximate periodic solution for the nonlinear vibration system with the hysteresis force is investigated using the nonlinear models. The condition of harmonic vibration synchronization is theoretically analyzed using the rotor–rotation equations of the two excited motors in the nonlinear dynamic models and the stability condition of harmonic vibration synchronization also is theoretically analyzed using Jacobi matrix of the phase difference equation of two excited motors. Using Matlab/Simlink, harmonic vibration synchronization of the two excited motors and the stability of harmonic vibration synchronization for the nonlinear vibration system with the hysteresis force are analyzed through the selected parameters. Various synchronous processes of the nonlinear vibration system with the hysteresis force are obtained through the difference rates of the two excited motors (including the initial phase difference, the initial rotational speed difference, the difference of the motors parameters). It has been shown that the research results can provide theoretical basis for the design and research of the vibration system driven by the two-excited motors.
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Ragazzon, Giulio, Massimo Baroncini, Serena Silvi, Margherita Venturi, and Alberto Credi. "Light-powered, artificial molecular pumps: a minimalistic approach." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (November 2, 2015): 2096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.214.
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The realization of artificial molecular motors capable of converting energy into mechanical work is a fascinating challenge of nanotechnology and requires reactive systems that can operate away from chemical equilibrium. This article describes the design and construction of a simple, supramolecular ensemble in which light irradiation causes the directional transit of a macrocycle along a nonsymmetric molecular axle, thus forming the basis for the development of artificial molecular pumps.
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Karkoub, M., M.-G. Her, C.-C. Peng, C.-C. Huang, and M.-I. Ho. "Design and control of a cable-controlled haptic motion simulator." Robotica 30, no. 5 (August 16, 2011): 709–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574711000944.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYIn this work, we discuss the design, construction, and testing of a cable-controlled motion simulator for a Virtual Reality (VR) hang gliding environment. The system comprises a cable-controlled motion simulator, a joystick, a Lego™ direction sensor, and a VR environment. The motion simulator and joystick are built out of motors, pulleys, cables, and aluminum beams. The VR environment and motion simulator interact haptically with each other to give a realistic feel to the operator. A dynamic analysis is performed on the simulator to show the effect of gravity and the directional motion on the operator. A series of experiments are then performed to test the effectiveness of the cable-controlled simulator, and the results were very encouraging despite minor glitches with high-speed maneuvers.