Journal articles: 'Aircraft noise exposure'

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Dekoninck, Luc. "Detecting and Correlating Aircraft Noise Events below Ambient Noise Levels Using OpenSky Tracking Data." Proceedings 59, no. 1 (December 3, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020059013.

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Noise annoyance due to aircraft operations extends well beyond the 55 Lden noise contours as calculated according to the Environmental Noise Directive (END). Noise mapping beyond these contours will improve the understanding of the perception, annoyance and health impact of aircraft operations. OpenSky data can provide the spatial data to create an aircraft noise exposure map for lower exposure levels. This work presents the first step of region-wide noise exposure methodology based on open source data: detecting low LAmax aircraft events in ambient noise using spectral noise measurements and correlating the detected noise events to the matching flights retrieved from the OpenSky database. In ISO 20906:2009, the specifications of noise monitoring near airports is standardized, using LAeq,1sec values for event detection. This limits the detection potential due to masking by other noise sources in areas with low maximum levels of aircraft noise and in areas with medium maximum levels of high ambient exposure areas. The typical lower detection limit in airport-based monitoring systems ranges from 55 to 60 LAeq,max, depending on the ambient levels. Using a detection algorithm sensitive to third-octave band levels, aircrafts can be detected down to 40 LAmax in ambient noise levels of a similar magnitude. The measurement approach is opportunistic: aircraft events are detected in available environmental noise data series registered for other applications (e.g., road noise, industrial noise, etc.). Most of the measurement locations are not identified as high-exposure areas for aircraft noise. Detection settings can vary to match ambient noise levels to improve the correlation success.

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Yokoshima, Shigenori, Makoto Morinaga, Sohei Tsujimura, Koji Shimoyama, and Takashi Morihara. "Representative Exposure–Annoyance Relationships Due to Transportation Noises in Japan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 10935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010935.

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This paper focuses on clarifying the relationship between noise exposure and the prevalence of highly annoyed people due to transportation noise in Japan. The authors accumulated 34 datasets, which were provided by Socio-Acoustic Survey Data Archive and derived from the other surveys conducted in Japan. All the datasets include the following micro-data: demographic factors, exposure, and annoyance data associated with specific noise sources. We performed secondary analyses using micro-data and established the relationships between noise exposure (Lden) and the percentage of highly annoyed people (%HA) for the following noise source: road traffic, conventional railway, Shinkansen railway, civil aircraft, and military aircraft noises. Among the five transportation noises, %HA for the military aircraft noise is the highest, followed by civil aircraft noise and Shinkansen railway noise. The %HA for conventional railway noise was higher than that for road traffic noise. To validate the representativeness of the exposure–response curves, we have discussed factors affecting the difference in annoyance. In addition, comparing the Japanese relationship with that shown in the “Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region,” we revealed that Japanese annoyance is higher than the WHO-reported annoyance.

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Sørensen, Mette. "Aircraft noise exposure and hypertension." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 74, no. 2 (October 28, 2016): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103988.

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Smith, Andrew, and Stephen Stansfeld. "Aircraft Noise Exposure, Noise Sensitivity, and Everyday Errors." Environment and Behavior 18, no. 2 (March 1986): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916586182004.

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Saucy, Apolline, Beat Schäffer, Louise Tangermann, Danielle Vienneau, Jean-Marc Wunderli, and Martin Röösli. "Individual Aircraft Noise Exposure Assessment for a Case-Crossover Study in Switzerland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (April 26, 2020): 3011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093011.

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Accurate exposure assessment is essential in environmental epidemiological studies. This is especially true for aircraft noise, which is characterized by a high spatial and temporal variation. We propose a method to assess individual aircraft noise exposure for a case-crossover study investigating the acute effects of aircraft noise on cardiovascular deaths. We identified all cases of cardiovascular death (24,886) occurring near Zürich airport, Switzerland, over fifteen years from the Swiss National Cohort. Outdoor noise exposure at the home address was calculated for the night preceding death and control nights using flight operations information from Zürich airport and noise footprints calculated for major aircraft types and air routes. We estimated three different noise metrics: mean sound pressure level (LAeq), maximum sound pressure level (LAmax), and number above threshold 55 dB (NAT55) for different nighttime windows. Average nighttime aircraft noise levels were 45.2 dB, 64.6 dB, and 18.5 for LAeq, LAmax, and NAT55 respectively. In this paper, we present a method to estimate individual aircraft noise exposure with high spatio-temporal resolution and a flexible choice of exposure events and metrics. This exposure assessment will be used in a case-crossover study investigating the acute effects of noise on health.

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Zaporozhets, Oleksandr, Kateryna Kazhan, Kateryna Synylo, and Sergii Karpenko. "Aircraft Noise Compatibility of the Airports with Progress of Noise Reduction at Source." Volume 03 Issue 02 vm03, is02 (December 29, 2022): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.23890/ijast.vm03is02.0204.

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Сreation of noise exposure maps and airport noise compatibility programs are the basic steps in aircraft noise exposure and impact management in/around the airports, both of them are fundamental for aircraft noise zoning procedures. Noise reduction at source is also a strategic element of this management, and efficient implementation of quieter aircraft designs in operation provides closer distances of the boundaries of noise zones prohibited for residences to runway axis. These new conditions oblige the decision-makers, responsible for noise management, to be stricter with procedures for noise zones definition and to include in consideration a number of new acoustic sources inside the aerodrome besides the aircraft in flight operation, which may influence the overall exposure and impact of noise on population living or/and acting around the airport. In other words, current noise exposure maps and airport noise compatibility programs must include these dominant noise sources at specific locations of the airport also, not only the flight noise sources, as it was enough before. Today such essential noise sources for consideration in airport noise management are the aircraft in maintenance and overhaul and the aircraft during the taxing between the runway and stands on apron first of all, especially if their locations are quite far from aircraft flight operation routes and close to the residential areas around the aerodrome. The noise maps are required to be calculated currently, as for aircraft operation, so as for their maintenance and overhaul, but the measurements are evident also for their confidence and accuracy purposes.

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HAINES, M. M., S. A. STANSFELD, R. F. S. JOB, B. BERGLUND, and J. HEAD. "Chronic aircraft noise exposure, stress responses, mental health and cognitive performance in school children." Psychological Medicine 31, no. 2 (February 2001): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701003282.

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Background. Previous research suggests that children are a high risk group vulnerable to the effects of chronic noise exposure. However, questions remain about the nature of the noise effects and the underlying causal mechanisms. This study addresses the effects of aircraft noise exposure on children around London Heathrow airport, in terms of stress responses, mental health and cognitive performance. The research also focuses on the underlying causal mechanisms contributing to the cognitive effects and potential confounding factors.Methods. The cognitive performance and health of 340 children aged 8–11 years attending four schools in high aircraft noise areas (16h outdoor Leq>66dBA) was compared with children attending four matched control schools exposed to lower levels of aircraft noise (16h outdoor Leq<57dBA). Mental health and cognitive tests were group administered to the children in the schools. Salivary cortisol was measured in a subsample of children.Results. Chronic aircraft noise exposure was associated with higher levels of noise annoyance and poorer reading comprehension measured by standardized scales with adjustments for age, deprivation and main language spoken. Chronic aircraft noise was not associated with mental health problems and raised cortisol secretion. The association between aircraft noise exposure and reading comprehension could not be accounted for by the mediating role of annoyance, confounding by social class, deprivation, main language or acute noise exposure.Conclusions.These results suggest that chronic aircraft noise exposure is associated with impaired reading comprehension and high levels of noise annoyance but not mental health problems in children.

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Morinaga, Makoto, Takanori Matsui, Sonoko Kuwano, and Seiichiro Namba. "An experiment on the feeling of separation when multiple aircraft noises are overlapped." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 2058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2041.

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In order to calculate the A-weighted single event sound exposure level () of aircraft noise, the following method is described in the manual for aircraft noise measurement in Japan. Firstly a time-section, which is the range between two points where the noise level is 10 dB lower than the maximum noise level (), should be identified, and secondly the energy within the section is integrated. This method can easily be applied to the single event noises. When multiple aircraft noises are overlapped simultaneously, there are cases where cannot be calculated adequately by this method. In such cases, it is required to record the number of aircraft noises in the field measurements. However, even in the case of manned measurement, it is not easy to separate sound sources just by listening to the sound. A pilot study of the psychoacoustic experiment was conducted using the stimuli where multiple aircraft noises were overlapped in order to find what condition is needed so that multiple aircraft noises were separately perceived. It was suggested that a considerable time interval was needed so that people felt the separation between aircraft noises only with auditory information.

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HAINES, M. M., S. A. STANSFELD, S. BRENTNALL, J. HEAD, B. BERRY, M. JIGGINS, and S. HYGGE. "The West London Schools Study: the effects of chronic aircraft noise exposure on child health." Psychological Medicine 31, no. 8 (November 2001): 1385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170100469x.

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Background. Previous field studies have indicated that children's cognitive performance is impaired by chronic aircraft noise exposure. However, these studies have not been of sufficient size to account adequately for the role of confounding factors. The objective of this study was to test whether cognitive impairments and stress responses (catecholamines, cortisol and perceived stress) are attributable to aircraft noise exposure after adjustment for school and individual level confounding factors and to examine whether children exposed to high levels of social disadvantage are at greater risk of noise effects.Methods. The cognitive performance and health of 451 children aged 8–11 years, attending 10 schools in high aircraft noise areas (16 h outdoor Leq > 63 dBA) was compared with children attending 10 matched control schools exposed to lower levels of aircraft noise (16 h outdoor Leq < 57 dBA).Results. Noise exposure was associated with impaired reading on difficult items and raised annoyance, after adjustment for age, main language spoken and household deprivation. There was no variation in the size of the noise effects in vulnerable subgroups of children. High levels of noise exposure were not associated with impairments in mean reading score, memory and attention or stress responses. Aircraft noise was weakly associated with hyperactivity and psychological morbidity.Conclusions. Chronic noise exposure is associated with raised noise annoyance in children. The cognitive results indicate that chronic aircraft noise exposure does not always lead to generalized cognitive effects but, rather, more selective cognitive impairments on difficult cognitive tests in children.

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Finegold, LawrenceS. "Sleep disturbance due to aircraft noise exposure." Noise and Health 12, no. 47 (2010): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1463-1741.63208.

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M, Carugno, Imbrogno P, Zucchi A, Ciampichini R, Tereanu C, Sampietro G, Barbaglio G, Pesenti B, Pesatori A, and Consonni D. "Health effects of exposure to aircraft noise." Environmental Epidemiology 3 (October 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ee9.0000606216.74634.7c.

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Vigna-Taglianti, Federica, Sarah Floud, Anna Hansell, Danny Houthuijs, Wolfgang Babisch, Alexandros Haralabidis, Federica Mathis, et al. "Aircraft Noise Exposure and Use of Medication." Epidemiology 20 (November 2009): S237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000362795.92808.46.

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Jovanovic, Julia, and Colin Novak. "Standardization of modelling methodology for aircraft noise exposure contours." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015772.

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Aircraft noise exposure contours are important tools for land-use planning around aerodromes. They inform local governments and stakeholders as to the acoustic impacts of aircraft operations on areas surrounding the airport. This information is considered when defining municipal zoning and building regulations. While noise contours are often regarded as concrete guidance identifying the suitability of an area for noise sensitive development, their prescribed modelling methodology is imprecise and non-standardised. A vague description such as the yearly day night level or 95th percentile day is typically mandated by overseeing authorities which leaves ambiguity in terms of the various specific input parameters. This can result in differing noise contour outputs, which in turn can cause conflict, especially between stakeholders with competing interests. This research highlights the need for better standardization and guidance for aircraft noise exposure contour modelling. It further demonstrates how varying interpretations of modelling methodologies can alter the input parameters of an aircraft noise model and significantly impact the outputs.

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Sakoda, Keishi, Ichro Yamada, and Kenji Shinohara. "Sound arrival direction and acoustic scene analysis for the monitoring of airport noise." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 4581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2753.

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The authors have developed a sound direction detection method based on the cross-correlation method and applied it to automatic monitoring of aircraft noise and identification of sound sources. As aircraft performance improves, noise decreases, and people are interested in and dissatisfied with low-level noise aircraft, especially in urban areas where environmental noise and aircraft noise combine to complicate the acoustic environment. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and to measure not only aircraft noise but also environmental noise. Since our surveillance is aircraft noise, it is important to analyze noise exposure from acoustic information rather than trucks or images. In this report, we will look back on the development process of this sound direction detection technology, show examples of helicopters and application examples of acoustic scene analysis to high-altitude aircraft, and consider the latest situation realized as acoustic environment monitoring. We believe that this analysis will make it easier to understand the noise exposure situation at the noise monitoring station. It also describes the future outlook for this method.

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Stansfeld, S. A., C. R. Clark, G. Turpin, L. M. Jenkins, and A. Tarnopolsky. "Sensitivity to noise in a community sample: II. Measurement of psychophysiological indices." Psychological Medicine 15, no. 2 (May 1985): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700023539.

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SynopsisA sample of 77 women of high and low noise sensitivity in 1977, living in areas of high and low exposure to aircraft noise, were interviewed in the community in 1980. High, intermediate and low noise sensitive women were compared, using measures of blood pressure, heart rate, skin conductance, hearing threshold, uncomfortable loudness level and magnitude estimation of six tones. These physiological measures did not clearly distinguish different noise sensitivity groups, except that highly noise sensitive women had a consistently slower heart rate. Noise sensitivity was not related to auditory threshold. In the high aircraft noise area there were significantly more skin conductance responses than in the low aircraft noise area, irrespective of noise sensitivity. This may be the result of chronic exposure to high aircraft noise.

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Quehl, Julia, Susanne Bartels, Rolf Fimmers, and Daniel Aeschbach. "Effects of Nocturnal Aircraft Noise and Non-Acoustical Factors on Short-Term Annoyance in Primary School Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 6959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136959.

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Children are considered at higher risk for harmful noise effects due to their sensitive development phase. Here, we investigated the effects of nocturnal aircraft noise exposure on short-term annoyance assessed in the morning in 51 primary school children (8–10 years) living in the surrounding community of Cologne-Bonn Airport. Child-appropriate short-term annoyance assessments and associated non-acoustical variables were surveyed. Nocturnal aircraft noise exposure was recorded inside the children’s bedrooms. Exposure–response models were calculated by using random effects logistic regression models. The present data were compared with those from a previous study near Cologne-Bonn Airport in adults using very similar methodology. Short-term annoyance reaction in children was not affected by the nocturnal aircraft noise exposure. Non-acoustical factors (e.g., the attitude that “aircraft are dangerous” or noise sensitivity), however, significantly impacted on children’s short-term annoyance. In contrast to children, the probability of moderate to high annoyance in adults increased with the number of aircraft flyovers during the time in bed. It is concluded that short-term annoyance from nocturnal aircraft noise in children is mainly determined by non-acoustical factors. Unlike in adults, acoustical factors did not play a significant role.

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Zijadić, Nermin, Emir Ganić, Matija Bračić, and Igor Štimac. "Impact of Aircraft Delays on Population Noise Exposure in Airport’s Surroundings." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 8921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158921.

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The motivation behind this research was to analyse the consequences of aircraft operations’ delays on cumulative noise levels produced upon the neighbouring communities and to estimate the relative change in the number of people annoyed by aircraft noise. Many studies showed that residents’ reactions to abrupt changes in noise exposure were more intense compared to the anticipated ones. Aircraft delays may cause such abrupt changes in noise exposure by increasing the traffic in some periods compared to the scheduled traffic. The methodology applied includes noise contour development for two different scenarios for intervals where aircraft delays occur. Only delays connected with the Total Airport Management (TAM) were analysed, since such delays can be influenced by airports. The first scenario considered the influence of aircraft operations on population noise exposure without TAM delays, whereas the second one included all delayed flights (actual traffic). The proposed method was tested through case studies of three southeast European airports. The results showed that the highest potential of decrease in the number of people annoyed by the noise was recorded at Niš Airport (59%), followed by Zadar Airport (49%) and Sarajevo Airport (25%). Similar results were obtained in the context of highly annoyed people.

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Klatte, Maria, Jan Spilski, Jochen Mayerl, Ulrich Möhler, Thomas Lachmann, and Kirstin Bergström. "Effects of Aircraft Noise on Reading and Quality of Life in Primary School Children in Germany: Results From the NORAH Study." Environment and Behavior 49, no. 4 (April 13, 2016): 390–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916516642580.

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A review of the literature shows that our knowledge concerning effects of chronic aircraft noise exposure on children is still limited and does not allow well-founded predictions for children living in specific noise-exposed areas. In this study, we investigated effects of aircraft noise on cognition and quality of life in 1,243 second graders from 29 schools around Frankfurt/Main Airport in Germany. Although exposure levels at schools were below 60 dB and thus considerably lower than in previous studies, multilevel analyses revealed that increasing exposure was linearly associated with less positive ratings of quality of life, increasing noise annoyance, and decreasing reading performance. A 20 dB increase in aircraft noise exposure was associated with a decrease in reading scores of one fifth of a standard deviation, corresponding to a reading delay of about 2 months. No effects were found for verbal precursors of reading acquisition. Teachers’ reports ( N = 84) indicate that severe disruptions of classroom instruction due to aircraft noise may contribute to the effect on reading.

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Kourieh, Aboud, Lise Giorgis-Allemand, Liacine Bouaoun, Marie Lefèvre, Patricia Champelovier, Jacques Lambert, Bernard Laumon, and Anne-Sophie Evrard. "Incident hypertension in relation to aircraft noise exposure: results of the DEBATS longitudinal study in France." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 79, no. 4 (January 19, 2022): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2021-107921.

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BackgroundAlthough several cross-sectional studies have shown that aircraft noise exposure was associated with an increased risk of hypertension, a limited number of longitudinal studies have addressed this issue. This study is part of the DEBATS (Discussion on the health effect of aircraft noise) research programme and aimed to investigate the association between aircraft noise exposure and the incidence of hypertension.MethodsIn 2013, 1244 adults living near three major French airports were included in this longitudinal study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as demographic and lifestyle factors, were collected at baseline and after 2 and 4 years of follow-up during face-to-face interviews. Exposure to aircraft noise was estimated for each participant’s home address using noise maps. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed Poisson and linear regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors.ResultsA 10 dB(A) increase in aircraft noise levels in terms of Lden was associated with a higher incidence of hypertension (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.36, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.82). The association was also significant for Lday (IRR 1.41, 95% CI 1.07; to 1.85) and Lnight (IRR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.71). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased with all noise indicators.ConclusionThese results strengthen those obtained from the cross-sectional analysis of the data collected at the time of inclusion in DEBATS, as well as those from previous studies conducted in other countries. Hence, they support the hypothesis that aircraft noise exposure may be considered as a risk factor for hypertension.

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Charakida, M., and J. E. Deanfield. "Nighttime aircraft noise exposure: flying towards arterial disease." European Heart Journal 34, no. 45 (August 28, 2013): 3472–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/eht339.

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Raw, G. J., and I. D. Griffiths. "The effect of changes in aircraft noise exposure." Journal of Sound and Vibration 101, no. 2 (July 1985): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-460x(85)81223-2.

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Jovanovic, Julia, and Colin Novak. "Distribution methodology for aircraft noise annoyance surveys." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015773.

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Annoyance is one of the most common effects of aircraft noise on individuals. The prevalence of severe annoyance within a community is a metric that informs regulatory noise exposure thresholds and guidelines. It is therefore critical that accurate annoyance data is collected through community surveys, which are typically distributed to areas affected by various levels of aircraft noise, as defined by average-day type noise exposure contours. This distribution methodology excludes segments of the population that are affected by noise but underrepresented by these types of contours. Here are presented the results of two community surveys executed around Toronto Pearson International Airport, using different distribution methodologies. The first survey identified five zones for distribution based on noise exposure contours. The second survey was distributed within a 750-meter radius around 25 noise monitoring terminals in the vicinity of the airport. The two surveys yielded different annoyance results, particularly as they relate to the locations of highly annoyed respondents. A prevalence of severe annoyance was observed in areas that were intermittently affected by aircraft noise and thus out of the range of average-day type noise contours. It was concluded that a more comprehensive approach for survey distribution is necessary to ensure unbiased annoyance results.

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Marcias, Gabriele, Maria Casula, Michele Uras, Andrea Falqui, Edoardo Miozzi, Elisa Sogne, Sergio Pili, et al. "Occupational Fine/Ultrafine Particles and Noise Exposure in Aircraft Personnel Operating in Airport Taxiway." Environments 6, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments6030035.

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The occupational exposure to airborne fine and ultrafine particles (UFPs) and noise in aircraft personnel employed in airport taxiway was investigated. Stationary samplings and multiple personal sampling sites and job tasks were considered. Size distribution, particle number concentrations, lung dose surface area were measured by personal particle counters and by means of an electric low pressure impactor (ELPI+TM). Morphological and chemical characterization of UFPs were performed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the latter together with energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy based spatially resolved compositional mapping. A-weighted noise exposure level A-weighted noise exposure level normalized to an 8 h working day and Peak Sound C-weighted Pressure Level was calculated for single worker and for homogeneous exposure groups. Our study provides evidence on the impact of aviation-related emissions on occupational exposure to ultrafine particles and noise exposure of workers operating in an airport taxiway. Main exposure peaks are related to pre-flight operations of engine aircrafts. Although exposure to ultrafine particles and noise appears to not be critical if compared with other occupational scenarios, the coincidence in time of high peaks of exposure to ultrafine particles and noise suggest that further investigations are warranted in order to assess possible subclinical and clinical adverse health effects in exposed workers, especially for cardiovascular apparatus.

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Hauptvogel, Dominik, Susanne Bartels, Dirk Schreckenberg, and Tobias Rothmund. "Aircraft Noise Distribution as a Fairness Dilemma—A Review of Aircraft Noise through the Lens of Social Justice Research." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 11, 2021): 7399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147399.

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Aircraft noise exposure is a health risk and there is evidence that noise annoyance partly mediates the association between noise exposure and stress-related health risks. Thus, approaches to reduce annoyance may be beneficial for health. Annoyance is influenced by manifold non-acoustic factors and perceiving a fair and trustful relationship between the airport and its residents may be one of them. The distribution of aircraft noise exposure can be regarded as a fairness dilemma: while residents living near an airport may seem to have some advantages, the majority of residents living under certain flight routes or in their immediate proximity suffer from the disadvantages of the airport, especially the noise. Moreover, a dilemma exists between the airport’s beneficial economic impact for a region and the physical and psychological integrity of residents. Aircraft noise exposure through the lens of social justice research can help to improve our understanding of noise annoyance. Research indicates that the fairness perceptions of the parties involved can be enhanced by (a) improving individual cost–benefit ratios, (b) providing a fair procedure for deciding upon the noise distribution, and (c) implementing fair social interaction with residents. Based on the review of evidence from social justice research, we derive recommendations on how fairness aspects can be integrated into aircraft noise management with the purpose of improving the relationship between the airport and its residents, to reduce annoyance, and to enhance the acceptance of local aviation and the airport as a neighbor.

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Baudin, Clémence, Marie Lefèvre, Patricia Champelovier, Jacques Lambert, Bernard Laumon, and Anne-Sophie Evrard. "Aircraft Noise and Psychological Ill-Health: The Results of a Cross-Sectional Study in France." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 3, 2018): 1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081642.

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Background: The effects of aircraft noise on psychological ill-health have not been largely investigated and remain to be discussed. No study has been performed in France on the health effects of aircraft noise. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between aircraft noise in dB and in terms of annoyance and psychological ill-health in populations living near airports in France. Methods: A total of 1244 individuals older than 18 and living near three French airports (Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Lyon–Saint-Exupéry and Toulouse–Blagnac) were randomly selected to participate in the study. Information about their personal medical history and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors was collected by means of a face-to-face questionnaire performed at their place of residence by an interviewer. Psychological ill-health was evaluated with the 12-item version of the General Heath Questionnaire (GHQ-12). For each participant, outdoor aircraft noise exposure in dB was estimated by linking their home address to noise maps. Objective noise exposure in dB was considered to be the primary exposure of interest. Four noise indicators referring to three different periods of the day were derived and used for the statistical analyses: Lden, LAeq,24hr, LAeq,6hr–22hr, and Lnight. Noise annoyance and noise sensitivity were the secondary risk factors of interest. Logistic regression models were used with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: The participation rate in the study was 30%. Approximately 22% of the participants were considered to have psychological ill-health according to the GHQ-12. No direct association was found between exposure to aircraft noise in dB and psychological ill-health. However, annoyance due to aircraft noise and noise sensitivity were both significantly associated with psychological ill-health. Moreover, a gradient was evidenced between annoyance and psychological ill-health, with increasing ORs from 1.79 (95% CI 1.06–3.03) for people who were not all annoyed to 4.00 (95% CI 1.67–9.55) for extremely annoyed people.Conclusions: These findings confirm the results of previous studies, suggesting there is no direct association between aircraft noise exposure in dB and psychological ill-health, but there is a significant relationship between noise sensitivity or annoyance due to aircraft noise and psychological ill-health. This supports the hypothesis that psychological aspects, such as noise annoyance and noise sensitivity, play important roles in the association between environmental noise and adverse effects on health. However, further studies are necessary in order to better understand the links between these variables.

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Phun, Veng Kheang, Terumitsu Hirata, and Tetsuo Yai. "Effects of Noise Sensitivity, Noise Exposure, and Affluent Status on Aircraft Noise Annoyance." Journal of Environmental Protection 06, no. 09 (2015): 976–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2015.69086.

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Giladi, Ran, and Eliav Menachi. "Validating Aircraft Noise Models." Proceedings 59, no. 1 (December 3, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020059012.

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Aircraft noise, especially at takeoffs and landings, became a major environmental nuisance and a health hazard for the population around metropolitan airports. In the battle for a better quality of life, wellbeing, and health, aircraft noise models are essential for noise abatement, control, enforcement, evaluation, policy-making, and shaping the entire aviation industry. Aircraft noise models calculate noise and exposure levels based on aircraft types, engines and airframes, aircraft flight paths, environment factors, and more. Validating the aircraft noise model is a mandatory step towards the model credibility, especially when these models play such a key role with a huge impact on society, economy, and public health. Yet, no validation procedure was offered, and it turns out to be a challenging task. The actual, measured, aircraft noise level is known to be subject to statistical variation, even for the same aircraft type at the same situation and flight phase, executing the same flight procedure, with similar environmental factors and at the same place. This study tries to validate the FAA’s AEDT aircraft noise model, by trying to correlate the specific flight path of an aircraft with its measured noise level. The results show that the AEDT noise model underestimates the actual noise level, and four validation steps should be performed to correct or tune aircraft noise databases and flight profiles.

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Doyle, Sean, Donald Scata, and James Hileman. "U.S. Federal Aviation Administration Neighborhood Environmental Survey: Study Motivation and Results." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 5815–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-3302.

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As part of the agency's broader noise research program, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has undertaken a multi-year research effort to quantify the impacts of aircraft noise exposure on communities around commercial service airports in the United States (U.S.). The overall goal of the study was to produce an updated and nationally representative civil aircraft dose-response curve; providing the relationship between annoyance and aircraft noise exposure around U.S. airport communities. To meet this goal, the FAA sponsored a research team to help design and conduct a national survey, known as the Neighborhood Environmental Survey (NES). By assessing the results of the NES through both internal review and input from public comment, the FAA seeks to better inform its noise research priorities and noise policies. This paper will outline the FAA's motivation to conduct the NES as well as how its findings will help inform ongoing work to address aircraft noise concerns. Additional information describing the noise methodology and survey methodology are provided in companion papers.

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Водопьян, Е. А., Т. Н. Середа, and В. И. Рябков. "АНАЛІЗ МЕТОДІВ ЗНИЖЕННЯ АВІАЦІЙНОГО ШУМУ В ДЖЕРЕЛІ І НА МІСЦЕВОСТІ." Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, no. 84 (July 2, 2019): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2019.84.07.

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Currently, the topic of research of the aircraft noise influence on the environment is relevant. Aircraft and engine developers are constantly exploring ways to reduce noise following the new standards of the ICAO Committee (CAEP), whose main task is to protect the environment from the effects of aviation, to provide a comfortable environment for people exposed to aircraft noise and harmful substances. By limiting the permissible noise level of aircraft, CAEP initiates aircraft manufacturers to introduce the latest noise reduction technologies in their design. Measurement of aircraft noise is obviously an important type of research not only in the aircraft industry. The existing airports in the course of reconstruction, and new ones at the project development stage, should be mandatory tested on indicators of aircraft noise, which will penetrate into the surrounding area, including settlements of various sizes. Currently, scientists from different countries are making significant efforts to reduce the turbine noise of existing and prospective civil aircraft. Of course, nowadays, external jamming methods are commonly used. At the same time, an important way to reduce engine noise was the widespread use of so-called sound-absorbing structures. This article describes the direction of reducing the level of aircraft noise at the source and on the ground, near airports. To reduce the noise in the source of noise, the ways to reduce the turbulence of the streamlined aerodynamic bearing surfaces are considered by reducing their inductive resistance and matching the flow of gas in power plants. It is shown that the implementation of such approaches in modifications of domestic passenger and transport aircraft gives a positive result. When solving the problem of reducing noise on the ground, the study analyzed the effect of aviation noise on the population living near the airport as an example. The necessity of using soundproofing means in residential areas to reduce noise exposure is shown. An analysis of the effects of noise exposure is given. In conclusion, the preliminary results obtained in the course of research are presented.

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Jodts, Eric, and Jean Opsomer. "US Federal Aviation Administration Neighborhood Environmental Survey: Study Design and Survey Methodology." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 5804–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-3300.

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As part of the agency's broader noise research program, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has undertaken a multi-year research effort to quantify the impacts of aircraft noise exposure on communities around commercial service airports in the United States (U.S.). The overall goal of the study was to produce an updated and nationally representative civil aircraft dose-response curve; providing the relationship between annoyance and aircraft noise exposure around U.S. airport communities. To meet this goal, the FAA sponsored a research team to help design and conduct a national survey, known as the Neighborhood Environmental Survey (NES). Residents from households around 20 airports were selected for participation in the survey; the detailed sampling process is covered in another paper. Two survey instruments were administered to adult residents within the NES: a mail questionnaire and a follow-up telephone interview for the mail respondents. The mail survey was administered to samples of individuals in the selected airport communities in six separate "waves" over a 12-month period starting in October 2015. All mail survey respondents were invited to complete a follow-up telephone interview, which asked detailed questions on several areas including respondents' opinions on noise, exposure to aircraft noise, relationship to the airport, concerns about aircraft operations, views on airport community relations, among others. Analysis of the survey responses on annoyance levels and the associated DNL was used to estimate dose-response curves for each individual airport and a national dose-response curve. The national dose-response curve created from the mail questionnaire shows considerably more people are highly annoyed by aircraft noise at a given noise exposure level compared to historical FICON data. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the survey design and methodology. Additional information describing the motivation to conduct the NES and how its findings will help inform ongoing work to address aircraft noise concerns; and the noise methodology are provided in companion papers.

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Elechi, Iheanyichukwu M. "Aircraft Noise Levels, Annoyance and General Health of Residents of Communities contiguous to a Major Airport in Lagos State." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 8, no. 4 (December 27, 2020): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.08.04.art006.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the aircraft noise exposure, annoyance reactions and health status of the residents living within the vicinity of the Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMA) in Lagos state, Nigeria. Aircraft noise monitoring was conducted in five locations within the vicinity (0-5Km) of MMA, and a sixth distant location (14km away). Levels of aircraft noise for all five locations within the vicinity of the airport exceeded the EPA Victoria threshold of 75 dB LAmax for the residential area (outdoor). A survey on annoyance induced by aircraft noise exposure and general health status was conducted on 450 local residents in the study locations using the International Commission on Biological Effect of Noise question and a single question that has been applied in Dutch national health care surveys since 1983 on self-reported general health status respectively. Percentage of residents within the vicinity of MMA that were highly annoyed (%HA) exceeded 15% guideline limit stipulated by Federal Interagency Committee on Urban Noise while 14.5% reported poor health status. There was a significant association between the annoyance reactions and aircraft noise levels in the study locations while the association between self-reported health status and aircraft noise levels was not significant. Taken together, the residents within the vicinity of the airport are exposed to aircraft noise levels above permissible limit which may be associated with high annoyance reaction but may not be associated with poor health rating. Evidence-based aircraft noise related policies by government are advocated.

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Jovanovic, Julia, and Colin Novak. "Non-acoustic factors and their role in aircraft noise annoyance." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015775.

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Non-acoustic factors have been acknowledged for some time as likely contributors to aircraft noise annoyance. They help explain why a given level of noise exposure can evoke severe annoyance in one person but not in another. Multiple analyses have concluded that non-acoustic factors explain more variance in annoyance results than noise exposure levels do. That begs questions as to why noise exposure levels are currently the only prescribed predictor of annoyance, and why regulating agencies continue to focus on only reducing noise exposure to combat annoyance. The subjective nature and lack of thorough understanding of non-acoustic factors has rendered them unusable for regulatory purposes, or even as topics of discussion with various stakeholders. What then is the purpose to study non-acoustic contributors to noise annoyance, other than to dismiss severe annoyance by implicating personal, attitudinal, or situational factors rather than the noise itself? This discussion suggests mechanisms by which non-acoustic factors contribute to annoyance and proposes practical ways to incorporate this knowledge in the prediction and mitigation of annoyance.

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Sneddon, Matthew, Sanford Fidell, and Karl Pearsons. "Measurements of personal aircraft noise exposure of outdoor recreationists." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102, no. 5 (November 1997): 3200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.420917.

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Brink, Mark, Katja E. Wirth, Christoph Schierz, Georg Thomann, and Georg Bauer. "Annoyance responses to stable and changing aircraft noise exposure." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 124, no. 5 (November 2008): 2930–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2977680.

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Basner, M. "Nocturnal aircraft noise exposure increases objectively assessed daytime sleepiness." Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin 12, no. 2 (May 14, 2008): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11818-008-0338-8.

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Nassur, Ali-Mohamed, Damien Léger, Marie Lefèvre, Maxime Elbaz, Fanny Mietlicki, Philippe Nguyen, Carlos Ribeiro, Matthieu Sineau, Bernard Laumon, and Anne-Sophie Evrard. "Effects of Aircraft Noise Exposure on Heart Rate during Sleep in the Population Living Near Airports." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020269.

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Background Noise in the vicinity of airports is a public health problem. Many laboratory studies have shown that heart rate is altered during sleep after exposure to road or railway noise. Fewer studies have looked at the effects of exposure to aircraft noise on heart rate during sleep in populations living near airports. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the sound pressure level (SPL) of aircraft noise and heart rate during sleep in populations living near airports in France. Methods In total, 92 people living near the Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Toulouse-Blagnac airports participated in this study. Heart rate was recorded every 15 s during one night, using an Actiheart monitor, with simultaneous measurements of SPL of aircraft noise inside the participants’ bedrooms. Energy and event-related indicators were then estimated. Mixed linear regression models were applied, taking into account potential confounding factors, to investigate the relationship between energy indicators and heart rate during sleep measured every 15 s. Event-related analyses were also carried out in order to study the effects of an acoustic event associated with aircraft noise on heart rate during sleep. Results The more the SPL from all sources (LAeq,15s) and the SPL exceeded for 90% of the measurement period (LA90,15s) increased, the more heart rate also increased. No significant associations were observed between the maximum 1-s equivalent SPL associated with aircraft overflight (LAmax,1s) and differences between the heart rate recorded during or 15 or 30 s after an aircraft noise event and that recorded before the event. On the other hand, a positive and significant association was found between LAmax,1s and the heart rate amplitude calculated during an aircraft noise event. Results were unchanged when analyses were limited to participants who had lived more than five years in their present dwelling. Conclusion Our study shows that exposure to the maximum SPL linked to aircraft overflight affect the heart rate during sleep of residents near airports. However, further studies on a larger number of participants over several nights are needed to confirm these results.

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Czech, Joseph, and Mary Ellen Eagan. "U.S. Federal Aviation Administration Neighborhood Environmental Survey: Noise Methodology." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 5828–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-3304.

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As part of the agency's broader noise research program, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has undertaken a multi-year research effort to quantify the impacts of aircraft noise exposure on communities around commercial service airports in the United States (U.S.). The overall goal of the study was to produce an updated and nationally representative civil aircraft dose-response curve; providing the relationship between annoyance and aircraft noise exposure around U.S. airport communities. To meet this goal, the FAA sponsored a research team to help design and conduct a national survey, known as the Neighborhood Environmental Survey (NES). A multi-stage and statistically rigorous process was used to select a representative sample of US airports, including a balanced sampling frame that included six factors: geographic distribution, temperature, day-night split, operational tempo, fleet mis, and population density. The research team computed Day-Night Average Sound Levels (DNL) for the 20 airports in two waves: first for survey respondent selection, and then for pairing with respondent locations to create the dose response curve. Analysis of the responses and the associated DNL was used to generate dose-response curves for each individual airport and a national dose-response curve showing the percent "Highly Annoyed" for a given noise level. The National dose-response curve created from the mail questionnaire shows considerably more people are highly annoyed by aircraft noise at a given noise exposure level compared to historical FICON data. This paper presents the airport selection and noise modeling process used to support the creation of the National dose-response curve. Additional information describing the motivation to conduct the NES and how its findings will help inform ongoing work to address aircraft noise concerns; and the survey methodology are provided in companion papers.

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Clark, Charlotte, Mari Toomse-Smith, Mathias Basner, James Trow, Franziska Marcheselli, Dhriti Mandalia, Rebecca Steinbach, Joan Morris, George Gibbs, and Elena Marcus. "The effects of night-time aviation noise exposure on sleep disturbance and annoyance." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015627.

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This paper will report on the methodology for a new UK study of aviation night-noise exposure on health. Funded by the United Kingdom Department of Transport (DfT), the study is examining the effects of aviation night-noise exposure for a range of night-time periods on sleep disturbance and annoyance. The study involves a cross-sectional survey of 4000 participants living near eight UK airports to assess associations of aircraft noise exposure at night and subjective sleep disturbance and annoyance, as well as an objective sleep disturbance study of 170 participants, where physiological assessments of sleep disturbance will be linked to aircraft noise exposure at the participant’s home. The study will deliver exposure-response functions showing how time-averaged metrics such as LAeq,8h, LAeq,1h, N60 relate to subjective and objective sleep disturbance, and annoyance, which could be used to inform updates to the DfT’s Transport Analysis Guidance (TAG) and subsequently aviation night-noise policy in the UK. It will also explore if a relationship for objective sleep disturbance can be estimated for event-related metrics such as LAmax and sound exposure level. Effect modification will be examined; quantifying whether some population groups may be more vulnerable to the effects of aviation night-noise on sleep disturbance and annoyance.

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Luick, B. R., J. A. Kitchens, R. G. White, and S. M. Murphy. "Modeling energy and reproductive costs in caribou exposed to low flying military jet aircraft." Rangifer 16, no. 4 (January 1, 1996): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.16.4.1244.

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We used simulation modeling to estimate the effect of low-flying military jet aircraft on the productivity of caribou. The base model (CARIBOU, CWS Whitehorse, Yukon Territory) uses daily intake and expenditure of energy to assess the condition of female caribou throughout the annual cycle. The activity budget of the model caribou was adjusted based on field observations of responses to noise disturbance. A subroutine was added that predicted the likelihood of conception based on fall body fat weight. Caribou responses to overflights were evaluated by equipping free-ranging caribou with radio collars and activity sensors that could distinguish between resting and active periods. Collared animals were exposed to 110 overflights by A-10, F-15 and F- 16 jet aircraft during late-winter, post-calving and the insect season. Noise exposure levels for individual animals either were measured directly with collar-mounted dosimeters or were estimated based on the proximity of the caribou to the aircraft during the overflight. A Time-averaged Sound Level (LT) was calculated from the total daily noise exposure for each animal and linear regression was used to evaluate the influence of daily noise exposure on daily hours spent resting. Results of these analyses then were used to modify the time budgets in the CARIBOU model. That is, if time spent resting declined, then time spent in the two rest classes (lying and standing) were proportionately redistributed into the three active classes (foraging, walking and running). Model simulations indicated that caribou increased forage intake in response to increased noise exposure, but it also predicted that increased noise exposure would cause a reduced accumulation of body fat. Because body fat in fall has successfully been used to predict the probability of pregnancy (see Gerhart et al, 1993), this relationship was used in the model. Preliminary model simulations indicate that increased noise exposure decreases the probability of pregnancy and that unfavorable environmental conditions (e.g., deep snow and severe insect harassment) exacerbate the situation. The threshold at which point the caribou fail to conceive has not been determined at this time, but appears to be well beyond the exposure to aircraft that caribou in the Delta herd are currently experiencing.

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Fidell, Sanford, Vincent Mestre, Truls Gjestland, and Barbara Tabachnick. "An alternate approach to regulatory analyses of the findings of a 20-airport social survey." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 6 (December 2022): 3681–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016591.

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Miller, Czech, Hellauer, Nicholas, Lohr, Jodts, Broene, Morganstein, Kali, Zhu, Cantor, Hudnall, and Melia [(2021). HMMH Report 308520.004.001] reported the findings of a 20-airport social survey sponsored by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration that had been designed and conducted six years earlier. Their primary analyses yielded FICON (1992)-style (national average and airport-specific bivariate logistic regression) functions relating aircraft noise exposure to the prevalence of high annoyance [FICON (1992). “Federal agency review of selected airport noise analysis issues” (Department of Defense, Washington, DC)]. Style (national average and airport-specific bivariate logistic regression) functions relating aircraft noise exposure to the prevalence of high annoyance. Alternate analyses of these field observations offer pragmatic benefits for regulatory purposes. Community Tolerance Level (CTL) analysis yields a national average exposure-response predictive function that is nearly indistinguishable from that of a bivariate logistic regression function. Since it natively distinguishes dose-related from collective, non-dose influences on annoyance, it also permits a more parsimonious and readily understood account of the association between aircraft noise exposure and annoyance. Within the exposure range of primary contemporary regulatory concern, CTL analysis accounts for as much variance as FICON-style analysis in the association between noise exposure and predicted annoyance; provides a causal basis for regulation; and can be more effectively implemented and defended than a purely correlation-based analysis. In addition, CTL analysis helps to address the substantial disagreement between the findings of the literature and those of national and international technical consensus standards.

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Stansfeld, Stephen, Staffan Hygge, Charlotte Clark, and Tamuno Alfred. "Night time aircraft noise exposure and children′s cognitive performance." Noise and Health 12, no. 49 (2010): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1463-1741.70504.

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Bernardo, José E., Matthew J. LeVine, Michelle R. Kirby, and Dimitri Mavris. "Analysis of aircraft vehicle class contributions to airport noise exposure." Journal of Aerospace Operations 4, no. 4 (December 4, 2017): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aop-160062.

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Kim, Soo Jeong, Keou Won Lee, Jae Beom Park, Kyung Bok Min, Hyun-Gwon Kil, Chan Lee, and Kyung Jong Lee. "Relationship Between Aircraft Noise Exposure and Sleep Quality in Korea." Epidemiology 22 (January 2011): S259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000392489.82795.f0.

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Fidell, S., and K. S. Pearsons. "Comments on “The effect of changes in aircraft noise exposure”." Journal of Sound and Vibration 102, no. 4 (October 1985): 583–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-460x(85)80116-4.

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Semashko, P. V. "CALCULATION METHOD FOR DETERMINING NOISE EXPOSURE LEVELS DURING AIRCRAFT OVERFLIGHTS." Hygiene of populated places 2018, no. 68 (December 26, 2018): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32402/hygiene2018.68.150.

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Stansfeld, S. A., C. Clark, R. M. Cameron, T. Alfred, J. Head, M. M. Haines, I. van Kamp, E. van Kempen, and I. Lopez-Barrio. "Aircraft and road traffic noise exposure and children's mental health." Journal of Environmental Psychology 29, no. 2 (June 2009): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.01.002.

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Greaves, Stephen, and Andrew Collins. "Disaggregate spatio-temporal assessments of population exposure to aircraft noise." Journal of Air Transport Management 13, no. 6 (November 2007): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2007.05.005.

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Lechner, Christoph, David Schnaiter, and Stephan Bose-O’Reilly. "Application of the noise annoyance equivalents model for aircraft, rail and road traffic noise to self-reported sleep disturbance." Acta Acustica 5 (2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2021005.

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Sleep disturbances caused by noise exposure are the most relevant outcome measured in disability adjusted life years (DALYs). In analogy to the combined effects of noise from multiple sources on annoyance, these are also of interest for sleep disorders. The study “Overall Noise Assessment” Innsbruck examined data from 1031 personal interviews. Aircraft, rail and road noise were correlated. To choose participants combined exposures were clustered into small, medium and severely affected living situations. The effect of demographic features, noise sensitivity, access to a silent façade and other factors on self-reported sleep disturbances was investigated applying bivariate analyses. Exposure-response curves and their 95% confidence intervals with cut-off values of 72% for “highly disturbed sleep” were generated and the results were discussed in comparison to recently published curves. Using source-specific exposure-response relationships, an overall model for evaluating sleep disorders was developed based on the “annoyance equivalents model”. The “total sleep disturbance response” shows an accumulative outcome for each source measured. A protective effect of road traffic noise as background noise for air and railroad sources could not be proven. Both the “Total Sleep Disruption Assessment Model” and the “Dominant Source Model” have a Spearman-Rho of 0.3 and are therefore suitable for use in noise assessment.

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Schlatter, Felix, A. Piquerez, M. Habermacher, M. S. Ragettli, M. Röösli, M. Brink, C. Cajochen, N. Probst-Hensch, M. Foraster, and J. M. Wunderli. "Validation of large scale noise exposure modelling by long-term measurements." Noise Mapping 4, no. 1 (December 22, 2017): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/noise-2017-0006.

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Abstract Large scale noise exposure modelling is used in epidemiological research projects as well as for noise mapping and strategic action planning. Such calculations should always be accompanied by an assessment of uncertainty, on the one hand to check for systematic deviations and on the other hand to investigate the sources of uncertainty to address them in future studies. Within the SiRENE (Short and Long Term Effects of Transportation Noise Exposure) project, a large scale nationwide assessment of Switzerland’s road, railway, and aircraft noise exposure was conducted for the year 2011. In the present follow-up study, we equipped 180 sleeping and/or living room windows with sound level meters for one week. The resulting dataset was used to validate noise exposure modelling within SiRENE. For the noise metric LDEN the comparison revealed a difference of 1.6 ± 5 dB(A) when taking all measurements into account. After removing measurement sites with noise mitigation measures not considered in the modelling, the difference to the calculation was reduced to 0.5 ± 4 dB(A). As major sources of uncertainty, the position accuracy and topicality of infrastructure and building geometries, the traffic modelling as well as the acoustic source and propagation models were identified.

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Domogalla, Vincent, Lothar Bertsch, Martin Plohr, Eike Stumpf, and Zoltán S. Spakovszky. "Low-Noise Design of Medium-Range Aircraft for Energy Efficient Aviation." Aerospace 9, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9010003.

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Promising low-noise aircraft architectures have been identified over the last few years at DLR. A set of DLR aircraft concepts was selected for further assessment in the context of sustainable and energy-efficient aviation and was established at the TU Braunschweig in 2019, the Cluster of Excellence for Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Aviation (SE2A). Specific Top-Level aircraft requirements were defined by the cluster and the selected DLR aircraft designs were improved with focus on aircraft noise, emissions, and contrail generation. The presented paper specifically addresses the reduction of aviation noise with focus on noise shielding and modifications to the flight performance. This article presents the state of the art of the simulation process at DLR and demonstrates that the novel aircraft concepts can reduce the noise impact by up to 50% in terms of sound exposure level isocontour area while reducing the fuel burn by 6%, respective to a conventional aircraft for the same mission. The study shows that a tube-wing architecture with a top-mounted, forward-swept wing and low fan pressure ratio propulsors installed above the fuselage at the wing junction can yield significant noise shielding at improved low-speed performance and reduce critical fuel burn and emissions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aircraft noise exposure'

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