Journal articles on the topic 'Aircraft industry Government policy Korea (South)'
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1
Caroine, Norma. "The Koreanization of the Australian Sex Industry: A Policy and Legislative Challenge." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 26, no. 3 (December 31, 2011): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps26302.
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South Korea enacted Legislation in 2004 that penalizes pimps, traffickers, and sex industry customers while decriminalizing people in prostitution and offering assistance to leave the sex industry. In contrast, Australia Legally recognizes most sex industry activities. This article argues that Australia`s Laissezfaire approach to the sex industry hampers South Korean government efforts to prevent the crime of sex trafficking. Since 2004, pimps and traffickers have moved their activities from South Korea to countries like Australia and the US that maintain relatively hospitable operating environments for the sex industry. The Australian government should reconsider its approach to prostitution on the basis of its diplomatic obligations to countries Like South Korea and the need to uphold the human rights of women in Asia who are being trafficked and murdered as a result of sexual demand emanating from Australia. Australia should coordinate its policy on prostitution with South Korea to strengthen the region`s transnational anti-trafficking response.
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Wibowo, Rudi, and Ratnawati Ratnawati. "Mercantilism Regime toward Dumping Policy on Paper Industry between Indonesia and South Korea." RSF Conference Series: Business, Management and Social Sciences 1, no. 4 (October 20, 2021): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/bmss.v1i4.366.
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This thesis discusses Indonesia's efforts in dealing with allegations of dumping Indonesian paper products from the South Korean government. The lengthy process of negotiations and negotiations between the two countries is an obstacle in the process of settling trade disputes that occur. In this matter, Indonesia and South Korea conduct negotiations to resolve the problem of imposition of Anti-Dumping Import Duty (BMAD) for Indonesian paper products under the supervision of the authorized body of the WTO, namely the Disputes Settlement Body (DSB). The negotiations proposed by Indonesia as the claimant country to South Korea are a form of trade dispute settlement through a diplomatic mechanism. Through diplomatic steps, trade problems that occur between the two countries can be resolved concretely and peacefully. However, after the trial was running and the DSB had issued its results by winning Indonesia, both the Korea Trade Commission (KTC) and the South Korean government were reluctant to apply the results of the DSB panel session decisions. Therefore, Indonesia is trying to uphold the results of the DSB WTO panel decision through diplomacy. First, diplomacy is carried out by involving state actors directly, namely the Indonesian government. Both diplomatic efforts were carried out by Indonesian business actors in a cooperative manner at the time the KTC investigation was conducted. Indonesia is trying to uphold the results of the DSB WTO panel decision through diplomacy. First, diplomacy is carried out by involving state actors directly, namely the Indonesian government. Both diplomatic efforts were carried out by Indonesian business actors in a cooperative manner at the time the KTC investigation was conducted. Indonesia is trying to uphold the results of the DSB WTO panel decision through diplomacy. First, diplomacy is carried out by involving state actors directly, namely the Indonesian government. Both diplomatic efforts were carried out by Indonesian business actors in a cooperative manner at the time the KTC investigation was conducted. This thesis aims to describe the efforts and steps to resolve the allegation of dumping on Indonesian paper products by the South Korean government through KTC. Explain the chronology of the problem of accusations of dumping Indonesian paper products and the determination of dumping losses by the WTO. Then analyze how the efforts to resolve the problems made by the government and Indonesian businessmen in trying to implement the results of the WTO DSB panel session decisions through diplomacy.
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Jungyeon, Park, and Koo Min Gyo. "The Origin and Evolution of the Crisis in the Offshore-Plant Industry in South Korea: Goal Ambiguity and Governmental Politics." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 32, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 71–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps32104.
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The once-promising offshore-plant industry in South Korea is on the verge of collapse. There are both internal and external reasons for the sudden rise and fall of this now troubled industry. This study focuses on what went wrong within the South Korean government. It examines how the offshore-plant industrial policy has been implemented since its inception in 2012. Using a modified version of Matland`s ambiguity-conflict matrix, this study explains the way in which the combination of policy goal ambiguity and organizational conflict between and within government agencies led to policy drift and failure. We find that offshore-plant industrial policy has undergone three different but related stages from symbolic to experimental to political implementation over the past five years. Varying degrees of goal ambiguity and organizational conflicts have resulted in these shifts, which in turn have resulted in the government missing opportunities to correct earlier policy errors in the next stages. This study explains the unique problems inherent in the offshore-plant industrial policy. At the same time, it reveals common problems prevalent in South Korea`s government-led industrial policy: a lack of planning, deliberation, coordination, and collaboration within the government, let alone outside of it.
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Samsonova, V. G. "South Korean Science and Technology Policy." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-4-7.
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The article analyzes the policy of South Korea in the field of science and technology, examines the main trends of the ROK’s science development, current state, key problems and prospects of the industry. The characteristics of the state scientific and technological policy and its main actors are presented. It is stated that at the beginning South Korea abundantly used adopt experience, foreign technologies and successfully got accepted them in production. The ROK succeeded to hold leading positions in the world innovation ratings through smart patent activity, essential investment and government policy. At the same time, the author predicts the necessity of tremendous efforts, includes but not limited to fi ancial injection for maintaining such high figure. The issue of not only human resources’ import but also keeping of South Korean skilled labor, the demand and competition for whom are ramping up dramatically, has still unresolved. The article focuses on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the scientific policy and the development of innovations in the fight against such pandemics. It was revealed that research in the field of biotechnology and establishment of “smart” health care centers based on the innovations become a priority of science policy. It was noted that South Korea one of the first reaps the benefits of IT solution, which helps to prevent economics collapse and further viral shedding through the rapid digital technics’ implementing.
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Hsieh, Chee-Ruey, and Hans Lofgren. "Biopharmaceutical innovation and industrial developments in South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan." Australian Health Review 33, no. 2 (2009): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090245.
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South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan are well known as export-oriented developmental states which for decades employed industrial policy to target particular industries for government support. In the past fifteen years, these three countries all identified the biopharmaceutical industry as a strategic sector. This article explores, through economic analysis, the rationale for this decision and the strategies chosen for linking into the global bio-economy with the objective of catching up in biopharmaceuticals. The paper identifies three comparative advantages enjoyed by these countries in the biopharma sector: (1) public investments in basic research; (2) private investments in phase 1 clinical trials; and (3) a potentially significant contract research industry managing latter-stage clinical trials. Governments employ a range of industrial policies, consistent with these comparative advantages, to promote the biopharmaceutical industry, including public investment in biomedical hubs, research funding and research and development (R&D) tax credits. We argue that the most important feature of the biopharmaceutical industry in these countries is the dominant role of the public sector. That these countries have made progress in innovative capabilities is illustrated by input measures such as R&D expenditure as share of gross domestic product, number of patents granted and clinical trials, and volume of foreign direct investment. In contrast, output indicators such as approval of new chemical entities suggest that the process of catching up has only just commenced. Pharmaceutical innovation is at the stage of mainly generating inputs to integrated processes controlled by the globally incumbent firms.
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Marlinda, Ajeng Puspa, Bambang Cipto, Faris Al-Fadhat, and Hasse Jubba. "South Korea's Halal Tourism Policy - The Primacy of Demographic Changes and Regional Diplomacy." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 3 (May 10, 2021): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0081.
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Halal tourism policies are alternatives in the diversification of the tourism industry. In non-Muslim majority countries, such as Singapore, Thailand, Japan, and South Korea, these policies expand the market segmentation, especially tourists from Muslim majority countries. This paper explains the halal tourism policy in South Korea, which only started in the last 5 years. Specifically, it analyzes various factors supporting halal tourism in South Korea, despite being a non-Muslim majority country. The study uses qualitative data collected through direct observation and interviews. This paper argues that economic and market factors are not the only considerations for the Korean government in supporting this policy. The results indicate that halal tourism emerged due to domestic demographic changes with increasing Islam in South Korea. Moreover, this policy was strengthened by China's economic pressure, which restricted its population from visiting South Korea. The restriction was due to the adoption of the THAAD policy by the Korean government. This study recommends that research on halal tourism should be conducted in other non-Muslim, or compared to Muslim majority countries. Moreover, the research time should be increased to establish result differences. Future studies should also adopt different scientific perspectives apart from international relations.
Received: 18 February 2021 / Accepted: 9 April 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021
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Abeyeratne, Jude, Kohei Tsukada, Rohan Sheth, Ronak Thakore, and Siddharth Patel. "The Barriers to Selecting Optimal Economic Policy in South Korea." Deakin Papers on International Business Economics 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dpibe2010vol3no2art185.
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Four of the largest conglomerates in Sout h Korea are Samsung Group, Hyundai-KIA Automotive Group, LG Group and SK Telecom. In 2009, the joint market value of the assets these conglomerates owned amounted to aro und half of the South Korean GDP (Wang 2010). Ostensibly, the South Korean economy is dominated by the co nglomerates. Samsung and LG are the two major players in Korea’s electronics industry; Hy undai and KIA are the two major players in the automotive industry. The export dependency (Tot al Exports/GDP) of South Korea is 44.9% and its import dependency (Total Imports/GDP) is 38% (CIA 2010). This indicates that the South Korean economy is highly dependent on global trade as well as on the conglomerates. It has signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the European Union and will ratify FTAs with some of its other trading partners such as China, United States, Japan and Australia (YONHAP News Agency 2010a). It is our view that such changes in trade policy are supported by the conglomerates, which have considerable sway over the govern ment, due to their significant contributions to the economy. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the source and the nature of the impediments the government faces in implementing policies that enable freer trade in South Korea. We do this from the perspective of President Lee My un-bak, who we characterise as a key veto player, as he draws political support from groups that have conflicting agendas.
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PARK, EUN-A. "Reciprocity of Government Restructuring/Policy Changes and the Convergent Environment in South Korea." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 4, no. 4 (January 11, 2017): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v4n4.74.
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This paper takes the approach that policy responses to environmental challenges are at least partially dependent on the structure of governmental decision-making bodies. How ministries and regulatory bodies are designed and put together affect both their policy outlooks and managerial capabilities, in turn affecting their policy output. Governments have also consciously restructured ministries and regulators in order to promote specific policy orientations, or in response to changes in the industry. This two-way interaction is critically important to the responses of governments to the emerging broadband ecosystem. The paper examines four different restructurings in the Korean government, and argues that the identification of a governmental agency as a nodal agency was the result of a new policy orientation, and the response to an environmental change. Though no two countries are totally similar in terms of their industrial and political environments or policy needs, the paper is based on the premise that the example of South Korea has useful lessons for other countries, as a leading indicator of changes in government regulatory structures in response to convergence and the emergence of the broadband ecosystem.
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PARK, EUN-A. "Reciprocity of Government Restructuring/Policy Changes and the Convergent Environment in South Korea." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 4, no. 4 (January 11, 2017): 106–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v4n4.74.
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This paper takes the approach that policy responses to environmental challenges are at least partially dependent on the structure of governmental decision-making bodies. How ministries and regulatory bodies are designed and put together affect both their policy outlooks and managerial capabilities, in turn affecting their policy output. Governments have also consciously restructured ministries and regulators in order to promote specific policy orientations, or in response to changes in the industry. This two-way interaction is critically important to the responses of governments to the emerging broadband ecosystem. The paper examines four different restructurings in the Korean government, and argues that the identification of a governmental agency as a nodal agency was the result of a new policy orientation, and the response to an environmental change. Though no two countries are totally similar in terms of their industrial and political environments or policy needs, the paper is based on the premise that the example of South Korea has useful lessons for other countries, as a leading indicator of changes in government regulatory structures in response to convergence and the emergence of the broadband ecosystem.
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Kim, Soochul. "‘Now it's indie’: The creative turn of the cultural policy in the Korean indie music scene." International Communication Gazette 81, no. 2 (November 4, 2018): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048518802965.
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As creative industry policy discourse has travelled quickly across the South Korean cultural industry, including the Korean Wave and beyond, the indie music artists in South Korea have found opportunities to perform and promote their music overseas. The recent cultural policy along with the direct support programs are unexpected, because of the conservative nature of the government and the nature of the South Korean indie music as independent from political and economic powers. With the example of the overseas advance of South Korean indie artists, with government support, this article presents an examination of the complex relationship between the government's creative cultural policy and the resulting effects of the policies on the South Korean indie music scene. It is argued that it is yet to be determined whether the cultural policy is having a negative or positive effect on the cultural industry. This article suggests that the cultural policy, whatever the goals of the policy-makers, is interacting with other elements—such as the political economy of the technologies of distribution and consumption, subculture, and the methods through which the cultural policy discourse is articulated among the policy community—beyond the objectives of the policy itself.
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Nansalmaa, Ts, L. Otgonjargal, and D. Altantuya. "Sheep, camel wool market perspectives and government policy." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 11, no. 2 (November 25, 2014): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.231.
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Sheep, camel wool, and woolen products are the main livestock products in Mongolia that satisfy population need and contribute certain amount of export revenue from international market. There is loss of possibility to produce ecologically clean safe, warm products [4] as only 10% of total wool is being processed. We tried to convince audience that it is required to support wool processing industry by right policy hence in ordinary weather conditions livestock number/ and wool production/ increases constantly and there are favorable circumstances established to supply products to China, Korea, South Eastern Asia and Russia with the ongoing process of market extension. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.231 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.120-124
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Andrews-Speed, Philip. "South Korea’s nuclear power industry: recovering from scandal." Journal of World Energy Law & Business 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwaa010.
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Abstract South Korea has one of the world’s more established nuclear power industries with its first commercial reactors being commissioned in 1978. The growth of nuclear power capacity had relied on sustained government support and close coordination with key state-owned enterprises. The tight relationship between politicians, government and companies has resulted in what is colloquially known as the ‘nuclear mafia’. One year after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in Japan, Korea’s nuclear industry suffered its own crises in 2012. The first was a station blackout at the Kori 1 reactor, the country’s oldest, which was not reported for over a month. The second set of revelations concerned systematic malfeasance along the nuclear supply chain involving the falsification of reports of safety tests on nuclear parts and equipment. Revisions to the Nuclear Safety Act gave greater powers to the newly created Nuclear Safety and Security Commission and placed new reporting obligations on all actors along the nuclear supply chain. These measures were supplemented by more general legislation and regulations on public procurement, the conduct of public officials and corruption. Whilst these steps have the potential to improve governance and integrity in the country’s nuclear power industry, some of the underlying causes of the earlier weaknesses remain. As a consequence, the transformation of Korea’s nuclear industry will be a long process.
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Kim, Hyun Cheol, Changhan Bae, Minah Bae, Okgil Kim, Byeong-Uk Kim, Chul Yoo, Jinsoo Park, et al. "Space-Borne Monitoring of NOx Emissions from Cement Kilns in South Korea." Atmosphere 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11080881.
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Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from the South Korean cement industry are investigated with remote-sensing measurements, surface observations, and in situ aircraft measurements. In the Yeongwol, Danyang, and Jecheon regions of central South Korea, six closely located cement factories produce 31 million tons of cement annually. Their impact on the regional environment has been a public-policy issue, but their pollutants have not been continuously monitored nor have emissions inventories been fully verified. Using a newly developed downscaling technique, remote-sensing analyses show that Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 column densities over the cement kilns have more than twice the modeled concentrations, indicating that the kilns are one of the most dominant NOx emission point sources in South Korea. Observed NOx emissions are stronger in the spring, suggesting that these sources play an important role in the formation of surface ozone and secondary particulate matter. These emissions also slightly increased in recent years, even while most major South Korean cities posted a declining trend in NOx emissions. Photochemical models (during May to July 2015) demonstrate that emissions from the South Korean cement industry have significant environmental impacts, both on surface ozone (up to approximately 4 ppb) and PM2.5 (up to approximately 2 µg/m3).
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Park, Miran, and Hwa-Jung Choi. "Study on Expectation and Recognition of Farmhouse in Development of Cosmetics Using Local Specialities." Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology 27, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 1360–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52660/jksc.2021.27.6.1360.
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This article studied expectation and recognition on the development of cosmetics using local specialities in farmer producing local specialities in South Korea. This is a previous step to present a successful model by convergences of agriculture and cosmetic industry, this model is able to offer basic data in the development of cosmetics using local specialities. A total of 316 farmers in South Korea from May 2021 were enrolled in this study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows, version 23.0. In the results comparing of expectation and awareness on application of local specialities by general characteristics and recognition of convergence industry, the expectation and awareness on application of local specialities showed significant difference partially according to the age, sex, last educational background, annual income and level on recognition of convergence industry. Also, that showed high difference according to level on recognition of convergence industry and the level on recognition of convergence industry exhibited the difference according to age, sex and income. Therefore, policy support of government based on these results needs in various directions such as technology, education, finance and promotion.
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Lee, Sang-Ho, and Seung-Leul Kim. "Retrospect and Prospect on Regional Industrial Policy in South Korea: The Case of Gwangju-Chonnam Region." Journal of Development and Administrative Studies 22, no. 1-2 (September 22, 2015): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jodas.v22i1-2.13464.
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Gwangju-Chonnam region has long been recognized as an economically hollow region of South Korea. Even though there have been various kinds of policies and investments to vitalize its economy not only from central government, but also from local governments, its relative position in the country is not much changed. This paper is devoted to examine the industrial structure enhancement policies in Gwangju-Chonnam region in South Korea. First, we review the history of regional industrial policy implemented in Gwangju-Chonnam region, and present some policy considerations on regional economic innovation. Second, we classify regional policy directives by historical period, describe policy contents of each period, and discuss the limitations of regional policies adopted by the local governments, after pointing out important factors in selecting regional specialized industry by regions. Finally, under the economic environment faced with global trend of open competition, a brief policy recommendation is suggested in the conclusion.The Journal of Development and Administrative Studies, Vol. 22, No. 1-2, pp. 51-66, 2014
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TSAI, CHUNG-MIN. "The Political Economy of Restructuring the Electricity Sector in South Korea." Issues & Studies 52, no. 01 (March 2016): 1650004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013251116500041.
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South Korea launched electricity reform in the 1990s but had continued to struggle with instituting an effective free market. In order to bolster economic growth, the development of the electricity industry has long been a fundamental issue for the state. The case in Korea is distinctive because it is part of a large-scale privatization project as the political regime had just shifted to democracy. The state spun off and corporatized the state-owned power enterprise with very limited privatization. The Korean government has chosen to control the power companies as the largest shareholder. Nonetheless, the reform process was suspended in 2004 without encountering major problems. This has created a major puzzle for analysts: why did the reform result in this outcome? I argue that as a politically driven reform project, power reform in Korea was destined to fail. The economic and social responses elicited by reform implementation all contributed to the failure of the power reform. This paper describes the dynamics of Korea’s electricity reform and details the industrial restructuring during the reform. It examines the political logic of the reform and how it shaped the power industry and in turn led to a stalled agenda. The paper concludes with a discussion of the broader implications for the roles of the state, industrial policy, and state-business relations.
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Kim, Kyumin, Do-Hoon Kim, and Yeonghye Kim. "Fisheries: A Missing Link in Greenhouse Gas Emission Policies in South Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 23, 2021): 5858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115858.
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Recent studies demonstrate that fisheries are massive contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The average Korean fishing vessel is old, fuel-inefficient, and creates a large volume of emissions. Yet, there is little research on how to address the GHG emissions in Korean fisheries. This study estimated the change in GHG emissions and emission costs at different levels of fishing operations using a steady-state bioeconomic model based on the case of the Anchovy Tow Net Fishery (ATNF) and the Large Purse Seine Fishery (LPSF). We conclude that reducing the fishing efforts of the ATNF and LPSF by 37% and 8% respectively would not only eliminate negative externalities on the anchovy and mackerel stock respectively, but also mitigate emissions and emission costs in the fishing industry. To limit emissions, we propose that the Korean government reduce fishing efforts through a vessel-buyback program and set an annual catch limit. Alternatively, the government should provide loans for modernizing old fishing vessels or a subsidy for installing emission abatement equipment to reduce the excessive emissions from Korean fisheries.
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Kwon, Sunae, and Baorong Guo. "South Korean nonprofits under the voucher system: Impact of organizational culture and organizational structure." International Social Work 62, no. 2 (December 5, 2017): 669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817742701.
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The social service industry in South Korea is undergoing significant changes as the Korean government has changed its approach to financing social services from direct funding support for service providers to voucher programs. This market-oriented policy has forced social service nonprofits to adopt the market practice and culture. As a result, nonprofits are becoming business-like entities striving for a share of the social service market. This study examines organizational factors that give competitive advantage to nonprofits in the social service market under the voucher system. Specifically, the study uses data collected from 35 nonprofit organizations in Busan, South Korea, to examine whether voucher revenues, an indicator of market share, is associated with organizational characteristics, including organizational culture and structure. The results may suggest strategies that help nonprofits to gain a greater share in the social service market.
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Prasetyo, Tunggul, Armaidy Armawi, and Dafri Agus Salim. "Evaluasi Kinerja KKIP Dalam Kerjasama Republik Indonesia-Korea Selatan Pada Pembangunan Kapal Selam Untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Alutsista TNI Angkatan Laut." Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional 23, no. 1 (April 18, 2017): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jkn.17958.
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ABSTRACTThis study was aimed to knew and analyzed the implementation of the cooperation between Republik Indonesia and South Korea in the construction of submarines ,to the Navy defense equipment resilience. The method used by the researchers in this study was a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques used three techniques, in-depth interviews, observation, library and documentation. Objects in this study that the parties involved in the cooperation Indonesia South Korea in the construction of submarines, especially the executive team officials Defence Industry Policy Committee (KKIP). The results showed that in the implementation of cooperation Indonesia South Korea in the construction of the submarine still lacks the strength of its bargaining Indonesian government, especially KKIP and Defense industry involved in this cooperation program. This was indicated by the presence of the technology transfer process was still below of 85 % as a basis for accelerating the revitalization of the defense industry in achieving the navy defense resilienceABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pelaksanaan kerjasama yang dilaksanakan indonesia-Korea Selatan dalam Pembangunan Kapal Selam dan mengevaluasi kerjasama Indonesia Korea selatan dalam pembangunan kapal selam terhadap ketahanan alutsista TNI AL. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tiga teknik, yaitu wawancara mendalam, observasi, kepustakaan, serta studi dokumentasi. Objek dalam penelitian ini yaitu para pihak yang terlibat dalam kerjasama Indonesia Korea selatan dalam pembangunan kapal selam, khususnya para pejabat tim pelaksana Komite Kebijakan Industri Pertahanan (KKIP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pelaksanaan kerjasama indonesia Korea selatan dalam pembangunan kapal selam memiliki kekurangan berupa kekuatan tawar menawar pemerintahan Indonesia, khususnya KKIP maupun Industri Pertahanan yang terlibat dalam program kerjasama tersebut Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan terlaksananya proses alih teknologi yang masih kurang dari angka 85% sebagai salah satu dasar bagi percepatan revitalisasi industri pertahanan dalam mencapai ketahanan alutsista Angkatan Laut
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Kim, Eunkwang, and Sanghong Lee. "Sustainability and the Expected Effects of Office-to-Residential Conversion in Historic Downtown Areas of South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 9576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229576.
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South Korea has industrialized and urbanized rapidly since the 1970s, and subsequently, the historic downtown areas of major cities have been hollowed out as the population and industry have become concentrated in urban centers. Based on the Urban Decline Indicators of Korea, in accordance with the Urban Revitalization Act of the South Korean government, a comparative analysis of the population changes, office vacancy rate, building aging rate, decrease in the number of industries and employees, and housing supply and demand in historic downtown areas and new urban areas of six major South Korean cities demonstrated that all six historic downtown areas have declined significantly. Currently, little research is available in South Korea on the expansion of urban living and the inflow of urban residents through office-to-residential building conversion. Therefore, this study explores the expansion of urban residences to revitalize these historic downtown areas. To this end, this study examines the feasibility of converting poorly functioning, vacant offices in historic downtown areas into residential spaces to present a sustainable strategy for their complexation. This study finds that office-to-residential building conversion is a sustainable way to recover urban space and grow the population and industry in historic downtown areas.
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Khayyat, Nabaz T. "A Study of Telecommunication Policies and Broadband Penetration for Sweden and South Korea." UKH Journal of Science and Engineering 1, no. 1 (December 14, 2017): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v1n1y2017.pp26-38.
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Internet broadband technology is the next phase in internet evolution. The emergence of broadband brought many options to internet users. It is evident that in the future, broadband Internet may introduce a big difference in the lives of the public, industry, and the government. However, the diffusion of Broadband is clogged at the regulation crossroads between market, government, and consumer, especially with regard to allow third parties to be involved in building the broadband infrastructure. Controlling access to the development of broadband infrastructure may produce a monopolizing market and limiting the variety and quality of available services. The current study investigates the development of broadband and its penetration in South Korea (the highest country with the access to broadband services), and Sweden (the second highest rate of internet penetration among the OECD countries). The paper overviews the broadband markets in both countries, focusing on their government policies in promoting the technology used and the growth of the market. The paper argues about the challenges facing the market for developing broadband technology, such as increase in the demand and supply for higher speed broadband, increase in the traffic congestion as users spend more time using internet and more data are transferred between individual, software, and applications, etc. the paper finally derives a number of ICT policy objectives and classifies the two countries based on their market approach into: laissez faire (free markets) and markets led by the government’s national plan, with quantified objectives and the regulators instruments strategies to meet the mentioned objectives.
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Kim, Gwang-Yol, and Yeon-Sik Yi. "The Japanese Munitions Industry Mobilization Act and the Enhancement of Korean Mobilization at the end of World War Ⅱ." Association Of Korean-Japanese National Studies 42 (June 30, 2022): 155–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.35647/kjna.2022.42.155.
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This paper studied on the legislation process for national mobilization of the company and laborers, especially focused on Munitions Companies Act(Gunjukaishaho), and its legal operations both in japan and Korea, which led to intensive mobilization of colonial Koreans. The results of studies are as follows.
1. Legislative process - The concept of national mobilization originated from the Munitions Industry Mobilization Law in 1918, which was made after the model of German wartime mobilization system, and was actualized by legislation of National Mobilization Law in 1938 just after the Sino-Japanese War, finally reinforced by the legislation of the Munitions Companies Act in October of 1943, which was made for the reverse the tide in the Pacific war by producing munitions including air fighters in a high speed, which led to more intensive mobilization of women and adolescents as well as japanese men.
2. Logistics mobilization in colonial Korea - The Japanese Government General in korea initiated a logistic mobilization policy in October of 1944, which was similar to Munitions Companies Act in Japan, which was the result of the enormous pressure from the japanese government, munitions corporate group(Zaibatsu), and military powers. This was the very crucial trigger to intensify the nation-wide forced mobilization(Choyo)
3. Influence on korean mobilization - After the introduction of Munitions Companies Act in korea, koreans mobilized into munitions company in north area of korean peninsula and japanese islands increased in a high speed, which brought about under population in south korea. Nevertheless, The Japanese Government General in korea mobilized more koreans including women and adolescents in the name of Jyosei Kinro Teishintai or Kinrohokokutai to fill up the labor shortage in japan. The mobilized koreans were put mainly into japanese munitions companies, which were granted a number of favors for their pains and cooperations. That is the reason why the japanese munitions companies as well as japanese government won’t be free from the responsibility and compensation for mobilized koreans.
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Kim, Gwang-Yol, and Yeon-Sik Yi. "The Japanese Munitions Industry Mobilization Act and the Enhancement of Korean Mobilization at the end of World War Ⅱ." Association Of Korean-Japanese National Studies 43 (June 30, 2022): 155–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.35647/kjna.2021.42.155.
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This paper studied on the legislation process for national mobilization of the company and laborers, especially focused on Munitions Companies Act(Gunjukaishaho), and its legal operations both in japan and Korea, which led to intensive mobilization of colonial Koreans. The results of studies are as follows.
1. Legislative process - The concept of national mobilization originated from the Munitions Industry Mobilization Law in 1918, which was made after the model of German wartime mobilization system, and was actualized by legislation of National Mobilization Law in 1938 just after the Sino-Japanese War, finally reinforced by the legislation of the Munitions Companies Act in October of 1943, which was made for the reverse the tide in the Pacific war by producing munitions including air fighters in a high speed, which led to more intensive mobilization of women and adolescents as well as japanese men.
2. Logistics mobilization in colonial Korea - The Japanese Government General in korea initiated a logistic mobilization policy in October of 1944, which was similar to Munitions Companies Act in Japan, which was the result of the enormous pressure from the japanese government, munitions corporate group(Zaibatsu), and military powers. This was the very crucial trigger to intensify the nation-wide forced mobilization(Choyo)
3. Influence on korean mobilization - After the introduction of Munitions Companies Act in korea, koreans mobilized into munitions company in north area of korean peninsula and japanese islands increased in a high speed, which brought about under population in south korea. Nevertheless, The Japanese Government General in korea mobilized more koreans including women and adolescents in the name of Jyosei Kinro Teishintai or Kinrohokokutai to fill up the labor shortage in japan. The mobilized koreans were put mainly into japanese munitions companies, which were granted a number of favors for their pains and cooperations. That is the reason why the japanese munitions companies as well as japanese government won’t be free from the responsibility and compensation for mobilized koreans.
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Jo, Hanghun, Eunha Shin, and Heungsoon Kim. "Changes in Consumer Behaviour in the Post-COVID-19 Era in Seoul, South Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010136.
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To prevent the spread of COVID-19, the Korean government promoted strong social distancing policies and restricted the use of confined areas and spaces that are likely to cause widespread infection, including religious facilities. The policies affect the consumption behaviours of Korean citizens. The purpose of this study is to examine changes in the consumer behaviours of citizens following the outbreak of COVID-19 in South Korea. Using credit card data from January to June 2020 in Seoul, this study examines the changes in consumption by industry type. Consumption types were classified into education, wholesale and retail, online purchases, food service, leisure, and travel. The industry that was most affected was the travel industry, which did not recover following the decline in consumption due to COVID-19. To examine consumer changes in credit card transactions due to widespread infection, a correlation analysis was conducted between the amount of consumption according to credit card transaction data (card consumption) and the number of confirmed patients and policy implementation by step. For more detailed analyses, group infections in the Guro-gu and Yongsan-gu neighbourhoods were investigated. In Guro-gu, no significant results were found in the area experiencing massive group infection. In Yongsan-gu, a significant negative correlation in consumption and number of cases was found in Itaewon 1-dong, an area with mass infection, and a positive correlation was found in the surrounding areas. Nevertheless, no significant correlations between changes in consumer behaviours and effects of COVID-19 were found as a result of the analysis herein.
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Kim, Jihoon, Akira Nakayasu, and Naruhito Takenouchi. "Socio-economic analysis on the role of local government in developing the abalone industry in Korea." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 3, no. 2 (August 19, 2016): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v3i2.29365.
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Many Koreans regard abalone (Haliotus discus hannai) as a desirable luxury food because of its limited availability and high price. Abalone aquaculture was developed during the late 2000s, and production has greatly increased in Korea, reaching 9,147 tons in 2014. Policy experts said this trend means many fishers who cultivate abalone could increase their income. However, their incomes had not increased since fishers started cultivating abalone, because a conventional addition was applied to abalone transactions. The distribution structure for abalone products relies almost entirely on wholesalers instead of fisheries cooperatives, which are commonly used for other types of seafood products. Therefore, a new distribution structure was required in the Korean abalone industry. The objective of this study was to document how the establishment of an abalone cooperative by the local government has affected fishers income and production since 2009. This research was conducted in Wando District in South Jeolla Province, which accounts for over 90% of the domestic abalone production. Wholesalers, fishers, and a public officer were interviewed. A shift from a wholesalercontrolled distribution structure to a cooperative run by the local government helped to reduce the addition and increase fishers incomes overall.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(2): 345-353, August 2016
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Jung, Hye Jung, and Kyung Wha Oh. "Exploring the Sustainability Concepts Regarding Leather Apparel in China and South Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 29, 2019): 5389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195389.
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Sustainability in business and personal life has increased over the past few years and is continuing to develop. Consumption in the clothing and textiles industry causes a significant impact on the environment and utilizes unsustainable practices, from clothing production to use and disposal. With shifts toward a more sustainable future within the government, businesses, and society, the apparel industry and consumers must prepare for a sustainable future. This study examines the determinants of sustainable apparel consumption behavior in China and South Korea. Theoretical and practical evidence from the literature on sustainable consumption is applied to develop a model for investigating the consumers’ behavioral intentions to buy, use, and recommend sustainable leather apparel products. Environmental knowledge, perceived consumer effectiveness, sustainable consumption beliefs, and self-enhancement are proposed as key determinants of behavioral intention to buy, use, and recommend eco-friendly faux leather apparel (E-FLA). The hypothesized antecedents of these concepts are part of the model, as modified by the theory of planned behavior, and the model is examined using structural equation modeling on data from a sample of 450 respondents collected in China and South Korea. An analysis of data is carried out to identify the underlying dimensions of sustainable consumption beliefs and behaviors including pro-environmentalism, social responsibility, and animal conservation. The results show that the key determinants of behavioral intentions to buy, use, and recommend E-FLA are pro-environmentalism and social responsibility, which are related to sustainable consumption belief dimensions and consumers’ self-enhancement. The positive determinants of sustainable consumption beliefs are found to be both environmental knowledge and perceived consumer effectiveness. These results suggest the need for greater environmental knowledge and perceived consumer efficiency in the effort to achieve more sustainable clothing consumption. The implications of the findings for public policy and recommendations for further studies are outlined and discussed.
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Beecher, Bradley, Bernhard Streitwieser, and Joy Zhou. "Charting a new path toward economic prosperity: Comparing policies for higher education hubs in Hong Kong and South Korea." Industry and Higher Education 34, no. 2 (October 9, 2019): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950422219880477.
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This article presents a comparative analysis of national policies, implementation strategies, and regional and global aspirations to establish education hubs in Hong Kong and South Korea. The authors argue that existing definitions of education hubs do not yet sufficiently consider whether a hub’s orientation is global or regional and how its funding sources direct its mission and vision. The authors first review current definitions of education hubs and then use Ranga and Etzkowitz’s Triple Helix conceptual framework to analyze Hong Kong and South Korea’s national policies and their hubs’ distinct vision, goals, strategies, rationales, and major stakeholders. The article concludes with an updated definition for education hubs which is inclusive of purpose, mission, role in the knowledge economy, and relationships between key stakeholders, including government, higher education institutions, and industry. This research identifies key indicators of a successful hub and provides additional necessary insights for policy makers working to develop future education hubs.
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Mhlanga, Oswald. "Drivers of efficiency and their influence on airline performances in South Africa: a bootstrapped meta-frontier approach." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 14, no. 1 (November 17, 2019): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-06-2019-0109.
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Purpose This paper aims to identify drivers of efficiency and their influence on airline performances in South Africa. Unfortunately, the methods currently used to measure airline efficiency fail to address the heterogeneity problem, which blurs inefficiency. Design/methodology/approach To remedy the heterogeneity problem, this paper adopts the meta-frontier framework to identify drivers of efficiency. The interesting feature of the model is that it ensures that heterogeneous airlines are compared based on one homogeneous technology. The model is tested using a panel data sample of nine South African airlines, which operated from 2015 to 2018. Findings The paper demonstrates that structural drivers, namely, “aircraft size”, and “airline ownership” and one executional driver, namely, “the cost structure” significantly influence (p < 0.05) airline efficiency thereby corroborating evidence from some prior studies. Research limitations/implications First, because of the small size of the industry, fewer airlines and a lack of detailed data, the study could not consider other important factors such as optimal routing and network structure. Second, a more rigorous analysis over a period of time would yield better understanding about the growth of the industry in South Africa and recognise the variation in the influence of drivers of efficiency on airline performances over time. Practical implications The results have potential policy implications. First, as the market in South Africa is too small to operate with a smaller aircraft probably, for airlines that operate with smaller aircraft to operate efficiently they should first identify niche markets where they can have a route monopoly. Second, while all state-owned airlines are perfect statehood symbols that define and represent countries, most state carriers in South Africa are highly inefficient. The researcher recommends policymakers to privatise state airlines or seek equity partners. Many nationalised airlines have turned losses to profits in the run-up to privatisation. British Airways, once a large burden on the British taxpayer, is now one of the world’s most efficient airlines. After the privatisation of Air France and Iberia, all two turned from loss-making concerns into profitable airlines. It, therefore, makes no sense for the South African government to expect state carriers to pursue a commercial mandate with such political interference. The very notion of efficiency itself is at risk. Originality/value This paper is a first attempt to identify drivers of operational efficiency using a bootstrapped meta-frontier approach in the airline industry in South Africa. By applying the meta-frontier approach the paper ensures that all heterogeneous airlines are assessed based on their distance from a common and identical frontier.
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Gong, Jiyoung, Changsub Shim, Ki-Chul Choi, and Sungyong Gong. "The Characteristics of PM2.5 Pollution and Policy Implications in Chungcheong Region." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.6.407.
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Objectives : This study aims to discuss air quality policy improvement that reflect regional characteristics through analyzing recent PM2.5 concentration, air pollutant emission sources and those contributions to annual PM2.5 concentration in Chungcheong region (Daejeon Metropolitan City, Sejong Metropolitan Autonomous City, the Province of Chungcheongnam-do, and Chungcheongbuk-do) in South Korea. In addition, we identified the characteristics of the PM2.5 pollution at the level of fundamental local government, and demonstrated the number of vulnerable population exposed to high level of PM2.5 concentration in order to propose policy implications in Chungcheong region.Methods : Based on the national emissions estimates (CAPSS: Clean Air Policy Support System) and air quality modelling system, major sectors/sources of air pollutants emission and national contributions of PM2.5 concentrations in Chungcheong region were analyzed. Furthermore, the study identified the number of people exposed to the higher PM2.5 concentrations (>25 µg/m3) by the measurement data and demographics available in 2019.Results and Discussion : The national air pollutants emissions in Chungcheong region were emitted from Chungnam (about 59% of NOx emission volume, 89% of SOx, 70% of NH3, 54% of VOCs, 79% of PM2.5, and 68% of TSP respectively), mainly from industry, domestic, energy, and road sector. According to the results of the air quality modelling, Chungcheong region also had the largest contribution on the average annual PM2.5 concentration in South Korea (27%). Chungnam emitted the largest emission volume of air pollutants, mainly from industry and power generation sectors (especially in Dangjin, Seosan, and Boryeong), while Asan, Yesan, Hongseong, and Cheongyang were classified as the areas with higher PM2.5 concentrations (>25 µg/m3), showing a gap between the areas with large emission volume and high concentration. Chungbuk and Sejong had higher annual PM2.5 concentration due to the influence of external sources and their geographical characteristics. The largest vulnerable population (over 65 years old and under 18 years old) exposed to high PM2.5 concentrations annually lived in Cheongju. Chungbuk had about 40% more air pollutant emission volume than Chungnam, but about 17% more vulnerable population.Conclusions : At the current stage of “master plan” in Chungcheong region, it is important to mitigate air pollutants emissions on the basis of the local emissions characteristic at the level of fundamental local government (such as industry sector in Dangjin, Seosan, and Danyang/ Domestic buring in Cheongju, Cheonan, and Daejeon/power generation in Boryeong, Taean and Dangjin/ road in Daejeon, Cheongju, and Cheoan). In addition, Chungbuk requires management of the areas with higher PM2.5 concentration such as Goesan, Boeun, Okcheon, and Yeongdong located outside “air control zone”. To reduce high level of PM2.5 concentration in Chungcheong region, cooperation with neighboring local governments such as Gyeonggi Province is crucial, and policy solutions are needed between the stakeholders to resolve the disparity issues between areas with larger emission volume and higher PM2.5 concentration.
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Jeong, Harry, and Kwangsoo Shin. "Exploring Factors Affecting Sustainable Innovation Performance of Food Firms. A Case of Korean Food Industry." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (December 4, 2020): 10157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310157.
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This study examines the influence of government support, research and development (R&D) investment and cooperation networks on sustainable innovation performance of the medium-sized food firms in South Korea. Climate change, population growth, lifestyle change and consumer demands for new products allow firms to explore innovation for sustainable growth. In the food industry, where various stakeholders are involved in the value chain, government support, R&D investment and cooperation are affecting firms’ sustainable performance. However, there are few empirical studies that examine the relationship among them, especially regarding medium-sized food firms. This study aimed to analyze data regarding Korean food firms through a structural equation model. To overcome data scarcity, this study collected new data for 67 medium-sized food firms. The data is matched with the firms’ 10-year data on management, innovation performance, and cooperation networks. This study can contribute to filling the literature gap by exploring what innovation strategies should be used to improve food SMEs’ innovation performance in the latecomer countries, which have developed their food industries relatively recently.
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Han, Eunok, and Yoonseok Choi. "Public Perception and Communication Patterns Pertaining to Nuclear Power in Korea: Focusing on the Transition Period from Pro-nuclear to De-nuclear Policy." Journal of Radiation Protection and Research 47, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14407/jrpr.2022.00129.
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Background: An effective communication strategy for reducing conflicts in South Korea has been designed through the analysis of public perception and communication variables on nuclear power under the conditions of rapidly changing nuclear power policies.Materials and Methods: This study conducted both qualitative research through group discussions based on social psychology and quantitative research through surveys.Results and Discussion: Nuclear power plant (NPP) area residents in favor of nuclear power indicated higher levels of communication, safety perception, and contribution than those against it. NPP area residents trusted the civilian expert groups (18.3%) and local government (17.3%) the most, while metropolitan city residents trusted the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission and the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (20.7%) the most. In determining nuclear power policy, both the NPP area residents (18.1%) and metropolitan city residents (17.1%) prioritized safety, health, and the environment. While metropolitan city residents thought that energy security and economic growth (16.4%) were important, NPP area residents thought the current issue of spent fuel rods (14.1%) to be important.Conclusion: It is necessary for the nuclear power industry to have and actively implement communication and conflict resolution strategies based on the patterns obtained in the study results.
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Akanda, M. Aminul Islam. "Policy Gaps with Bangladesh Compared to a Few Asian Economies along the Linear Stages Growth Path." International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 12, no. 5 (September 19, 2022): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.13194.
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This study evaluated growth experiences and identified policy gaps with Bangladesh compared to a few advanced Asian countries. It used secondary data over 120 years in retrospect along with projection to some extent. Whether would Bangladesh be able to enter into subsequent stages along linear stages growth model was a major research question. Bangladesh entered into the third of five stages in the early 1990s. On the other hand, Malaysia reached at the fourth and South Korea at the fifth stage. Bangladesh was too envisioned to reach at peak within 20 years with creative industries and demographic dividend. Some industrial conglomerates and new industries were expanded here in the 2000s. This economy would soon enter into fourth stage satisfying stage-specific indicators like two other economies. It had some policy gaps identified through comparison of stage-specific policies and strategies with others. However, its government, in the second perspective plan (2021-2041), emphasized on ICT based product-innovation and job creation in industry 4.0. Major challenges to moving forward in here was to reducing gaps between planned and actual development.
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Kim, Yong-Jeong, Joo-Hee Lee, Sang-Gun Lee, and Hong-Hee Lee. "Developing Sustainable Competitive Strategies in the Beauty Service Industry: A SWOT-AHP Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 10852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910852.
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The purpose of this study is to provide concrete growth strategies and practical development methods in the beauty service industry. This study consists of a SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat) analysis from the literature review and in-depth interviews with experts of the beauty service industry in South Korea. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to the finalized SWOT matrix to incorporate experts’ ideas. The combined high priority factors present four types of strategic alternatives: Strength–Opportunity (SO), Strength–Threat (ST), Weakness–Opportunity (WO), and Weakness–Threat (WT). This study applies an environmental analysis framework from the management strategy field to construct a sophisticated SWOT matrix. Furthermore, this study quantifies the importance of SWOT components through AHP to determine priorities to lay the groundwork for timely and sustainable strategy development in the beauty service industry. Based on the SWOT-AHP analysis, this study suggests that beauty service companies should pay attention to the lack of profitability and employee stress with high turnover rates caused by poor working conditions and emotional labor. In addition, the Korean government should gradually shift away from the lack of an effective legal system to grow the beauty industry.
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Chen, Fei, Sherry Yu, Lianlian Liu, Wie Lu, and Jun Cai. "Industrial- or Residential-Dominant Development? A Comparative Analysis of Maritime Industrial Development Areas of Liaoning, China." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 2 (March 30, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n2p82.
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This paper adopts a case-comparison method to study the spatial layout features of maritime industrial development areas (MIDAs) in Liaoning, China, in reference to similar projects in other Asian countries including Japan, South Korea and Singapore. Our study focuses on industry-city spatial relationship, land position and proportion, coastline utilization intensity and industrial land organization. We show that supplementary residential and recreational land has primarily occupied the high-quality coastlines, and resulted in limited industrial access to marine resources. Our theoretical and empirical analyses connect this feature to local government finances, purchase restriction policy and an investment-driven surge in demand for coastal residential housing. Many areas now exhibit low utilization of industrial land accompanied by the emergence of “ghost cities” phenomenon, which are critical factors that the policymakers should consider in the future planning of coastal development. Interviews with local developers, housing authority personnel, relocated employees and residents confirm our findings. We conclude with policy recommendations for promoting long-term sustainable development in the coastal area.
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Lee, Doyeon, and Keunhwan Kim. "A Collaborative Trans-Regional R&D Strategy for the South Korea Green New Deal to Achieve Future Mobility." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 8637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158637.
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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, South Korea is moving to establish a national industry strategy to reduce regional inequalities within the country through the Green New Deal. Thus, it is important to closely integrate the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the Green New Deal with that of reducing deepening regional inequality from the Regionally Balanced New Deal. To accomplish these dual aims, this study provides a collaborative trans-regional R&D strategy and a precise framework with three key dimensions: regional, technological, and organizational. We demonstrate that future mobility is the most important project of the Green New Deal, comprising 1963 nationally funded projects worth USD 1285.4 million. We also illustrate the level of government investment in nationally funded research projects related to future mobility for 17 different regions and seven different technology clusters related to future mobility, and determine which research organizations played an important role in each cluster for all 17 regions between 2015 and 2020. Our results indicate that the capital region and Daejeon have high innovation capability in many future mobility-related research fields, whereas some regions have capabilities in specific research fields such as hydrogen infrastructure, indicating their relative competitiveness.
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Fitri Alfarisy, Aditya Prayoga, Ayu Alfi Syahrina, and Nadya Salma Salsabila. "The Phenomenon That Influenced The Development of Cool Japan in Indonesia." Journal Of Social Research 1, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/josr.v1i1.1.
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As it is well known that Japan has many unique cultures that can attract people from other countries. Since the mid-1960s, Japanese culture, especially popular culture, has continued to develop to this day. The peak of its development was in 2002, when an article written by Douglas McGray entitled " Japan's Gross National Cool " was published in Foreign Policy Magazine. This article is the reason for the emergence of a new term called Cool Japan , which is used to describe all cultures originating in Japan. Japan then used Cool Japan as one of its diplomatic strategies, especially for countries in Southeast Asia. As a cultural diplomacy strategy, Cool Japan has several advantages or benefits for the Japanese Government, such as: to build a positive image to the people of Southeast Asia, to develop the country's economy through the cultural industry as well as a tool to compete with cultural products from China and South Korea.
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Yang, Kanghyeok, Kiltae Kim, and Seongseok Go. "Towards Effective Safety Cost Budgeting for Apartment Construction: A Case Study of Occupational Safety and Health Expenses in South Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031335.
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The construction industry has experienced a lot of occupational accidents, and construction work is considered one of the most dangerous occupations. In order to reduce the number of occupational injuries from construction, the South Korean government legislated the occupational safety and health expense law, requiring companies to reserve a reasonable budget for safety management activities when budgeting for construction projects. However, safety budgets have not been spent based on the risk of accidents, and a large amount of the safety budget is spent either in the beginning or late stages of construction projects. Various accident risk factors, such as activity types, previous accident records, and the number of workers on a construction site, need to be considered when determining the safety budget. To solve such problems, this study investigated the expenditure trends of occupational safety and health expenses for 10 apartment construction projects in South Korea. This study also proposed an accident risk index that can be incorporated with the project costs, schedule, the number of workers, and historical accident records when budgeting for the safety costs. The results from the case study illustrate the limitations of the current planning strategy for safety expenditures and demonstrate the need for effective safety budgeting for accident prevention. The proposed safety cost expenditure guideline helps safety practitioners when budgeting for the occupational safety and health expenses while considering accident risk and the characteristics of safety cost expenditures in practice. The outcome of this research will contribute to the development of regulations for the budgeting of safety costs and help to prevent occupational injuries by providing a reasonable budget for safety management activities in an apartment construction project.
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Petrova, Elena, and Yulia Tomashevskaya. "Experience in Cluster Policy Implementation in Asia and Latin America." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 4 (December 2022): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2022.4.7.
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In recent years the development of clusters on the territory of the Russian Federation became one of the most important tools for the development of an innovative and competitive economy, which is supported by the relevant legal framework, developed primarily at the federal level. The complicated political situation which emerged at the global level, makes us to revise the previously used approaches to the implementation of cluster policy, and dictates the search for new tools for the development of regional and national clusters of all types. In this regard, the experience of non-European countries which also use the cluster approach becomes particularly relevant. The purpose of the study was to analyze the features of cluster policy implementation in the countries of Asia and Latin America. In order to achieve this goal, the methods of induction, analysis, synthesis, and comparison were used. The analysis revealed the features of cluster policy models in the countries under analysis; clarified the goals, stages of implementation and the main agents of cluster policy in Japan, China, South Korea, Brazil and Mexico; suggested conclusions on cluster policies implementation in Russia, which can be used by public authorities within their powers. Particular attention is paid to the industry of developing clusters, their composition, and the role of government in this process, the direction of policies and stages of implementation of cluster support tools. One of the main conclusions is that the cluster policy in the more developed countries of Asia has a clear innovative orientation with a view to world leadership, while developing countries use clusters, primarily as a tool to address social issues, and to support exports.
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Moon, Hanna, Doam Ryu, and Dongwon Jeon. "The evaluation of learning transfer of industry skills council (ISC) training programs using success case method." European Journal of Training and Development 43, no. 5/6 (July 1, 2019): 570–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-11-2018-0111.
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Purpose Industry skills council (ISC) in Korea is at an earlier stage in terms of its formation and incubation. As a governance model similar to sector councils in Canada and UK, it still requires training and development of talents who work for ISCs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of training programs that are currently provided to personnel of the ISC to foster their learning systematically and to develop measures for effectiveness of the training programs. Design/methodology/approach This study evaluated the training program for the staff of the ISC secretariat as a tool to activate the councils’ main functions. In terms of methodology, we developed an effective training model to measure the training transfer and used it as an analytical framework for evaluation. Success case method was applied to identify the best case of training transfer that reinforces the role and function of ISC. Findings Learning transfer can help not only the transfer of the learning contents but also the role of the organization that the members belong to and strengthen the function of the ISC. By transferring the content matter of the learning, it can help strengthen the capacity of members to carry out the roles and functions of the ISC, and further strengthen the functions of the council and the role of key players in labor markets. Research limitations/implications An effective training model for the personnel of national sectoral bodies or non-profit organization can be further investigated. Practical implications The learning transfer evaluation model for ISC staff has unique characteristics that are different from previous studies. ISC has the characteristics of public goods that are established with government support and are active in developing human resources in each industry sector. Originality/value Incubating ISC in South Korea is at an earlier stage in terms of research and policy practice. The research findings in this study lay the foundations for further empirical explorations.
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Simbolon, Adventus Managam, Budiman Rusli, and Candardewini -. "Kebijakan Kendaraan Listrik dalam Perspektif Pasar dan Infrastruktur: Studi Reviu Komparasi Bilateral Korea Selatan dan Indonesia." Jurnal Penelitian Transportasi Darat 24, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/jptd.v24i2.1943.
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ABSTRACTElectric Vehicle Policy in Market and Infrastructure Perspectives: A Comparative Review Study of South Korea and Indonesia: Environmentally friendly transportation policy is necessary for developing transportation mode technology and sustainable development today. One of the technologies that is widely developed in the field of environmentally friendly transportation is electric vehicles. Many factors influence the implementation of electric vehicle policies in a country, including market stimulation policies and the provision of electric vehicle infrastructure. This paper aims to produce a literature review related to electric vehicle policy and analyze the comparison of the adoption of electric vehicle policies. The analysis method used in this paper is through reviewing literature using the vosviewer application and analyzing the comparison of electric vehicle policy adoption with the electric vehicle market and infrastructure approach that occurs in South Korea and Indonesia. This study resulted in a literature review on the application of electric vehicle policies and compared the policies selected by each country. The role of all electric vehicle policy actors involved is one of the keys to success in its implementation. The review results show two alternatives: electric vehicles based on hybrid and hydrogen technology and electric vehicles based on battery technology. Based on the comparative results between BEV and hybrid electric vehicles, it is concluded that BEV has advantages. The BEV vehicle does not produce exhaust emissions, can grow downstream of Indonesia's electric vehicle battery industry, and support national battery-based electric cars. It is hoped that the Indonesian government can consider the results of this study in implementing a battery-based electric vehicle development policy.Keywords: bilateral comparative studies, electric vehicle policy, literature review study, transportation policyABSTRAKKebijakan transportasi yang ramah lingkungan merupakan suatu keharusaan dalam pengembangan teknologi moda transportasi dan pembangunan berkelanjutan saat ini. Salah satu teknologi yang banyak dikembangkan dalam bidang transportasi ramah lingkungan tersebut adalah kendaraan listrik. Keberhasilan suatu negara untuk menerapkan kebijakan kendaraan listrik dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor diantaranya kebijakan stimulasi pasar dan penyediaan infrastruktur kendaraan listrik. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah menghasilkan reviu literatur terkait kebijakan kendaraan listrik dan menganalisis perbandingan adopsi kebijakan kendaraan listrik. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam makalah ini yaitu melalui reviu literatur menggunakan aplikasi vosviewer dan menganalisis perbandingan adopsi kebijakan kendaraan listrik dengan pendekatan pasar dan infrastruktur kendaraan listrik yang terjadi di Negara Korea Selatan dan Indonesia. Penelitian ini menghasilkan reviu literatur yang berkaitan dengan penerapan kebijakan kendaraan listrik dan membandingkan penerapan kebijakan yang dipilih oleh masing-masing negara. Peran dari seluruh aktor kebijakan kendaraan listrik yang terlibat menjadi salah satu kunci sukses dalam implementasinya. Hasil reviu menunjukkan ada dua alternatif yaitu kendaran listrik berbasis teknologi hybrid dan hidrogen, dan kendaraan listrik berbasis teknologi baterai. Berdasarkan hasil komparasi antara kendaraan listrik BEV dan hybrid, disimpulkan bahwa BEV mempunyai kelebihan: tidak menghasilkan emisi gas buang, dapat menumbuhkan hilirisasi industri baterai kendaraan listrik di Indonesia, dan mendukung mobil listrik nasional berbasis baterai. Diharapkan hasil studi ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan pemerintah Indonesia dalam menerapkan kebijakan pengembangan kendaraan litrik berbasis baterai.Kata Kunci: kebijakan kendaraan listrik, kebijakan transportasi, studi komparasi bilateral, studi reviu literature
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Abu Bakar, Ayu Haswida. "THE ROAD TO OSCAR PROJECT: THE CONFIGURATION OF MALAYSIAN CINEMA FILM NARRATIVE & CULTURAL IDENTITY FOR ‘OSCAR CINEMA’." International Journal of Humanities, Philosophy and Language 5, no. 17 (March 23, 2022): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijhpl.517004.
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The Road to Oscar project, an action plan entrusted to FINAS by the Minister of Communications and Multimedia at a press conference on 16 June 2020. The main objective is to ensure that Malaysian Cinema succeeds in the Academy Award or Oscar in the International Feature Film Award category. According to Datuk Saifuddin Abdullah (Minister of Communications and Multimedia), a roadmap or blueprint of patriotism that upholds the Malay culture, in line with the country's creative policy, government policy and broadcasting ethics must be designed. The film Roh (2019) which was inspired by the Japanese film, Onibaba (1964), was inspired into the space and time of the Malay world theme through the myths of the Malay world community, decided by the FINAS Film Selection Committee (comprising professional and experienced local film industry players), representing Cinema Malaysia's to the 93rd Academy Award (April 2021). The selection has gone through a detailed evaluation process based on Oscar film criteria. Even so, Roh did not manage to be shortlisted (12 best). Therefore, through a qualitative method of content analysis, this study will focus on the discussion regards to the characterisation elements of cinematic narrative storytelling framework, that configured by Malaysian cultural identity with the look and feel of Oscar. This study will analyse two comparative samples, Roh (2020) and Parasite (2019, South Korea) - the winner of 92nd Best International Feature Film Award (2019).
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Choi, Yongrok, Haohao Wang, Fan Yang, and Hyoungsuk Lee. "Sustainable Governance of the Korean Freight Transportation Industry from an Environmental Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 5, 2021): 6429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116429.
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The transportation industry is one of the major sectors for air pollution. In particular, the freight transportation sector possesses the biggest share of air pollution in South Korea. Therefore, it is required to evaluate current environmental performance of this sector and predict regulation impact on the local economy for a sustainable future. Based on the sustainable governance, each local government should take actions or change the paradigm of the regulatory policies. Thus, this study examines the environmental performance of the freight transportation industry with air pollution of PM2.5 and NOx in 16 Korean local governments, based on the non-radial directional distance function (NDDF). On average, the freight transportation sector shows very low performance with a high potential value of 0.649. Furthermore, no significant uptrend was witnessed during the sample period (2012 to 2017), implying a lack of sustainable governance. Some local governments such as Seoul (0.9301) and Busan (0.9709) show high efficiency, and Gwangju shows a slow but increasing trend, while most of other cities are very low in their environmental performance of freight transportation industries. Even Seoul and Busan may not maintain their sustainable performance, because outperforming high sales revenue in these cities could lead to high efficiency even with high levels of aggravating air pollution. Therefore, it is meaningful to empirically test the sustainable feasibility in terms of regulatory costs, reflecting the opportunity costs to select increased regulation toward a sustainable, higher environment-friendly efficiency. Environmental regulation causes very low, negligible costs in most of the local governments, except Seoul, implying that a more regulatory regime will bring in the sustainable governance of the environmental efficiency (Porter hypothesis) for the freight transportation sector for these local governments. However, Seoul will endure a heavy economic burden if heavier environmental regulations are posed on its freight transport sector. Stepwise and fine tuning of regulations is required for Seoul. In contrast to Seoul, Incheon needs drastic reformation since it shows low efficiency with low regulatory cost.
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Kim, Taesun. "Factors Influencing Usability of Rehabilitation Robotic Devices for Lower Limbs." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020598.
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In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the number of elderly people in South Korea; this has led to rising costs and concerns on the quality of physical therapy treatment involving rehabilitation robotic devices. Therefore, the government has asked academia to expand its research scope to evaluate the usability of these devices. Hence, this study aimed to identify the major factors influencing the usability of a rehabilitation robotic device for lower limbs and the reasons for involving several diverse user groups for a more comprehensive evaluation. To measure usability as perceived by three primary user groups of user experience (UX) professionals, rehab professionals, and lay people, this study collected 196 survey. The results of an EFA showed that among three general quality factors and five device specific factors, visual pertinence, use confidence, and safety were the critical factors influencing usability, and the results of ANOVA offered that there was discrepancy in the influential factors, namely visual pertinence, transferring, and holding the body. These findings indicate that the necessity of employing a posture-centered approach and multiple user groups in assessing the usability of rehabilitation devices. Given these findings, it is suggested that the industry and design community should move toward implementing a more explorative perspective to enable a more human-centered and posture-concerned approach to provide better usability to the diverse users of medical devices.
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Clark, Don P., Luiz Renato Lima, and W. Charles Sawyer. "Stages of diversification in high performing Asian economies." Journal of Economic Studies 44, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 1017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-12-2016-0250.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the evolution of industry structure in the World Bank’s eight high performing Asian economies (HPAEs) displays the U-shaped relationship between manufacturing concentration and per capita income widely held to foster economic development. Increasingly prosperous HPAEs have long been hailed as models for success by other emerging economies. Focusing on a regional group of high performing economies enables us to relate policies used by successful HPAEs directly to observed patterns of manufacturing diversification and provide policy guidance to emerging economies. Design/methodology/approach A robust locally weighted scatterplot smoothing procedure is employed to generate the U-shaped relationship between manufacturing concentration and level of economic development. Policies used by the most successful HPAEs are discussed. Findings The relationship between manufacturing concentration and level of economic development is found to be U-shaped. Diversification of manufacturing is a prerequisite for successful economic development. Countries further along the economic development path such as Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan made extensive use of active and selective interventionist policies to diversify manufacturing before eventually specializing in a narrower range of export activities. Practical implications Emerging economies should follow examples set by the most successful HPAEs that demonstrated significant government assistance is required to foster economic development. Originality/value The paper is the first to investigate the evolution of manufacturing concentration over the economic development path HPAEs. Success enjoyed by HPAEs holds important lessons for developing and emerging economies.
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VYSHNEVSKYI, Valentyn. "DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND PROBLEMS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT." Economy of Ukraine 2022, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2022.01.047.
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The accelerated development of cyberphysical production systems and robotization of production are important long-term trends in the global smart industry. The performed analysis shows that Ukraine lags significantly behind in the implementation of these technologies. It is one of the leading countries in the world in the development of digital financial instruments and one of the last in the development of cyberphysical production. This means that in the long run the country will continue to lose its competitive position in the world. One of the main reasons for this situation is that the economic rules of the game in the country are tied to short-term political cycles, which hinders the long-term investment and innovation. It is necessary to break the chain of negative causal links “outdated technologies-low incomes-further decline” and the negative selection of “the most adapted” to the conditions of short-term political cycles. One of the effective methods of solving this problem, well known from world practice, is to pursue a proactive nationally oriented industrial policy. It has helped South Korea, China and some other countries make the transition to accelerated industrial development through innovation and the introduction of cyberphysical systems. But this is a very difficult and inconstant method, the use of which is fraught with political failures due to lack of information in the government, selfish behavior of officials, their inability to resist industry lobbyists, stakeholders of other states and more. However, in the initial phase of the industrial revolution, which opens a “window of opportunity” for stakeholders, despite all these risks, many governments spare no effort and money to promote the latest industrial smart technologies, as on them depend the future of national security and competitiveness. Ukraine needs to move approximately in this direction, distinguishing between long-term economic interests of the state and short-term interests of the political situation.
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Kim, Yong-Seon, Jae Yun Lee, Young-Geun Yoon, and Tae-Keun Oh. "Effectiveness Analysis for Smart Construction Safety Technology (SCST) by Test Bed Operation on Small- and Medium-Sized Construction Sites." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 5203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095203.
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In the global construction industry, government policies have recently focused on smart construction technologies, such as those concerning the “smartization” of construction, improvements of productivity, and automation technologies. In addition, smart construction safety technologies (SCSTs) have been developed to ensure workers’ safety, under the initiative of the private sector. In regards to overseas occupational safety, wearable technologies have been developed for various types of industries, and the integrated platform developments needed to link them have become mainstream. In South Korea, individual companies are focusing on developing basic SCSTs and platforms for integrated control, aiming to prevent accidents in the construction field. The goal of this study was to identify the pros and cons of SCSTs through test bed operation and to derive improvement directions. Therefore, a test bed embedded with SCSTs was built and operated to provide effective safety management for small- and medium-sized sites exposed to fatal accidents. From analyzing the data from the test bed, it was found that it is difficult to change the tendencies of workers’ behaviors based solely on the introduction of SCSTs. This indicates that the effects of SCSTs are insignificant without the cooperation of workers. In addition, technical problems in field application were identified for each sensor and equipment, and the necessity, problems, and effectiveness of SCSTs were analyzed. As a result, both the installation and attachment types were found to be effective; however, workers avoided wearing certain attachment types. Based on the results derived through analysis of the pros and cons of SCSTs, the directions and guidelines were suggested for future use. This result can be used for future technology development directions, and policy establishment. Additionally, for the activation of SCSTs in the field, the cooperation of workers and the interest of managers remain essential factors, and improvements to the equipment are required.
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Kim, Yong-Seon, Jae Yun Lee, Young-Geun Yoon, and Tae-Keun Oh. "Effectiveness Analysis for Smart Construction Safety Technology (SCST) by Test Bed Operation on Small- and Medium-Sized Construction Sites." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 5203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095203.
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In the global construction industry, government policies have recently focused on smart construction technologies, such as those concerning the “smartization” of construction, improvements of productivity, and automation technologies. In addition, smart construction safety technologies (SCSTs) have been developed to ensure workers’ safety, under the initiative of the private sector. In regards to overseas occupational safety, wearable technologies have been developed for various types of industries, and the integrated platform developments needed to link them have become mainstream. In South Korea, individual companies are focusing on developing basic SCSTs and platforms for integrated control, aiming to prevent accidents in the construction field. The goal of this study was to identify the pros and cons of SCSTs through test bed operation and to derive improvement directions. Therefore, a test bed embedded with SCSTs was built and operated to provide effective safety management for small- and medium-sized sites exposed to fatal accidents. From analyzing the data from the test bed, it was found that it is difficult to change the tendencies of workers’ behaviors based solely on the introduction of SCSTs. This indicates that the effects of SCSTs are insignificant without the cooperation of workers. In addition, technical problems in field application were identified for each sensor and equipment, and the necessity, problems, and effectiveness of SCSTs were analyzed. As a result, both the installation and attachment types were found to be effective; however, workers avoided wearing certain attachment types. Based on the results derived through analysis of the pros and cons of SCSTs, the directions and guidelines were suggested for future use. This result can be used for future technology development directions, and policy establishment. Additionally, for the activation of SCSTs in the field, the cooperation of workers and the interest of managers remain essential factors, and improvements to the equipment are required.
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Clapano, Misael B., Jenie Mae T. Diuyan, France Guillian B. Rapiz, and Edison D. Macusi. "Typology of Smallholder and Commercial Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Farms, including Threats and Challenges in Davao Region, Philippines." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 5713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095713.
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The shrimp industry in the Philippines plays a vital role in the local and national economy through exports to markets abroad such as South Korea, Japan, the USA, and others. In this study, we aimed to describe the various cultural and operational characteristics of smallholder and commercial shrimp (P. vannamei) farms in the Davao region. We also evaluated the current risks and challenges faced by the shrimp farmers. A semi-structured questionnaire that focused on shrimp farmers and operators in the region was used to collect data from N = 41 farmers and operators. The results showed that respondents who were engaged in smallholder farming activities had an average yield of 10 tons/ha. The commercial farms that operate intensively had an average yield of 24 tons/ha. Most smallholder operators used electric generator machines to conduct aeration in their farms using paddlewheels and blowers. More paddlewheels and blowers were employed per pond in the commercial farms compared to smallholder farms. Generally, the income of a farm was related to their yield or the number of fries rather than social factors or their size. In terms of input costs, feeds were found to have the highest cost, followed by the fry, fuel, labor, and others (fertilizers and water treatment chemicals). Most of the farmers mentioned that their shrimp are affected by diseases such as white spot syndrome (60%), black gills (35%), and red tail (5%). They perceived that the main contamination comes from the water source (31%). The main threats mentioned were declining shrimp prices in the market, source of fry, water disposal, overstocking, and water quality. This study shows that small-holding fish farmers should be supported by the government so that they can make use of the more advanced technology employed by commercial shrimp farmers in order to increase their economic productivity and lower their environmental footprint.
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Bondarenko, Svitlana, Olena Makoveieva, Viktoriia Niziaieva, and Anna Vorona. "High-tech manufacturing as a determinant of the economic development." Journal of Scientific Papers "Social development and Security" 10, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33445/sds.2020.10.1.12.
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The aim of the article is to study high-tech production as determinants of the country's economy. The article proves that one of the important factors in the development of the Ukrainian economy is highlighting the development of high-tech production as a priority of the state policy, which will provide opportunities for entering new markets with highly competitive products. A historical analysis of economic phenomena in the global aspect, the possibility of applying experience in the economy of Ukraine. For Ukraine, the experience of the economic miracle of South Korea, which also survived the experience of war, may be interesting. Now the country is among the 12 strongest countries in terms of GDP in the world, at 5th place in the world in the export of high-tech products. The country was called an example of successful government intervention in the economy. The experience of the economic miracle of Singapore is also considered. For 50 years, Singapore has turned from a poor country into a world leader in high-tech industries, such as electronics and pharmaceuticals, and has become the largest financial and oil refining center. Singapore’s modernization was ensured by efforts in four key areas: economic reforms, which determined the vector of investment and innovation development, social modernization, an effective fight against corruption and political stability. The government has relied on attracting foreign investors, developing the financial market and high-tech industries. Simple and transparent business registration and regulation procedures have been adopted in Singapore. It is believed that Singapore owes its success to competent public policy. The article considers the possibilities for the transition of the Ukrainian economy to a new level of development. One of the important competitive advantages for Ukraine is a strong and internationally recognized IT industry, human capital. According to statistics, the main industries that fill the country's budget are metallurgy, the agricultural sector, food and IT. You can also add woodworking and chemical industries, whose share in the state budget is also large. In recent years, these industries have begun to use high technology more and more because of the need to compete in the global market with more developed companies. At the same time, there are no programs at the state level for the introduction of high technologies in the real sector of the economy. Now enterprises independently invest in their innovations. It is possible to launch a revolution in industrial production only by introducing advanced production technologies, which are called “breakthrough”, emphasizing their revolutionary influence on the structure of production. Today in Ukraine there is a fragmented approach to innovative development. Therefore, the task for the public administration system should be the allocation of priority areas for industrial development, the development of effective mechanisms for the development of production of high value-added products. High-tech production deserves special attention.
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Supriyono, Supriyono. "Implementation of South Korea's Chanbogo Submarine Purchase Policy." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 04, no. 08 (August 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v4-i8-10.
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A strong national defense system does not require consideration of empathy, including the geographical factors of the country being examined, the national resources of a country, an analysis of possible threats that will arise, and the development of information technology. Defense is something that is fundamental to the survival of a country. Cooperation between Indonesia and South Korea in the defense industry is centered on the development of the changbogo class submarine and the development of the KFX / IFX fighter aircraft. Seen from the Government's policy, it can be seen that the domestic industry is unprepared to support the independence of the defense industry. This unpreparedness can be caused by the absence of supporting infrastructure or financial support for mass production of defense and security equipment. This scientific work is expected to provide recommendations in defense policy regarding submarine development. This study uses a scientific approach with qualitative descriptive methods and uses implementation tehory by George C. Edward. The results of this study a policy review of South Korea’s Submarine purchase policy . The conclusion of this study are constraints and challenges faced in improving submarines, particularly related to the ability of PT. PAL Indonesia is still limited in the manufacture of the DSME 209/1400 submarine.