Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aircraft industry Australia History'

This thesis studies the evolution of the aircraft industry as it emerged from the Second World War and its relationship with the State, running through to the re-evaluation of this State-industry relationship from the late 1950s and into the 1960s. It takes, for this purpose, major formative events which, it is argued, had a defining influence on the shape of industry and its relationship with government, beginning with the reconstruction plans for the huge war-time industry, formulated within the Ministry of Aircraft Production with a powerful input from Sir Stafford Cripps. Thus considerable attention is given to the development of the Whittle jet engine and its effect on British aviation. A new assessment stresses the importance of the jet to hopes in Britain for the capability of the industry, but also discusses and uncovers the reasons for the strains in the war-time relationship between Whittle and the MAP which nearly proved fatal to the project. The role of the government research at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, which was crucial to the industry during the competitive contest of Cold War aeronautical development, is also examined. Detailed case studies of the progress of civil and military engine and aircraft programmes are used in this period to examine the nature of the government/industry relationship and its changing pattern over time. This study takes the position that the progress of the British aircraft industry in the post-war period must be explained not only in terms of evolving national defence objectives and technological developments, but also in terms of day-today institutionalised government policy and episodic major political shifts. This analysis therefore represents the intersection of a history of technology with a socio-cultural and political account.

This thesis examines how the stevedoring industry at Fremantle was absorbed into a national framework of port cargo-handling services during the first half of the twentieth century. The process of change compelled a local industry with its own peculiarities to conform to standards imposed by central authorities with priorities which were not necessarily in harmony with local practice or custom.In part this was the result of the inexorable forces released by Federation. After the creation of the Commonwealth, there was no isolation for anyone from the Commonwealth government's powers to legislate change if it was deemed to be in the national interest. Power, therefore, would flow towards central authorities: for the shipowners and their stevedores this meant to a central organisation, the Association of Employers of Waterside Labour (AEWL); for the labourers it meant, eventually, to the national executive of the Waterside Workers Federation (WWF).The Commonwealth government had the power and the will to intervene in stevedoring when the national interest dictated. The Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Court started the process in 1914. The Commonwealth government in the War of 1914-18, in 1928, made further inroads into curtailing the levels of local autonomy. In the 1939-45 War the process was completed by the creation of government stevedoring industry commissions and boards. The final impact to local autonomy came in 1950 when the policies of a new conservative Commonwealth government forced the Fremantle Lumpers Union to seek the protection of a national union, the WWF.This thesis follows the path taken by the Fremantle stevedoring industry on its way to complete integration and absorption into the national port cargo-handling service. It examines the resistance to the changes brought about by centralisation and the part played in that struggle by both employers and employees at Fremantle to retain some control over their respective destinies.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study project investigates the impact of major factors that influenced the Australian wine industry over the past decade. The project starts of with an in-depth look at the history of the Australian wine industry whilst simultaneously comparing the plantings and growth in production within their industry from 1994 to 1997 to that of their operations when the industry started out in 1788. The thesis concentrates on the factors that characterized the global wine industry during the mid 1990's that were: • Wine trade would continue to grow in terms of volume in spite of a continuing fall in the quantities consumed worldwide. • Commitments undertaken by signatories to the GATT's Uruguay Round Agreements in Marrakech in 1994 would ensure that trade develops not just within trading blocs but amongst them too. • New World and Eastern-European exporters would threaten EU dominance of international markets. Furthermore, focus is placed on the driving forces within the current global wine industry with special emphasis on the new world countries showing growth in production and consumption in contrast to the old world countries predominantly. Taxation gets investigated from a consumer, producer and the Australian government's point of view as well as a comparative model between Australian wine consumption and consumption in the rest of the world during the pre-tax period as well as the post-tax period. Chapter 6 looks at Vision 2025 that the Australian wine industry developed due to a need identified to become globally competent by the industry themselves. Emphasis is placed on the whole issue of one industry turning a production-driven wine economy around into a market-driven industry with every participant within the industry "marketing" a set of strategic objectives that will ultimately benefit their whole industry. Chapter 7 looks at the Australian wine industry from an objective point of view whilst benchmarking the industry against the major global wine trends as well as against quality performances of the global role players. Emphasis is placed on the differences and similarities that Australia's wine booms have in common as well as the lessons that any upcoming wine producing country have to learn form Australia's wine boom such as: o Developnew market opportunities o Develop a long-term vision for sustainable growth o Invest in the latest technologies o Develophealthy relations with growers and marketers o Investment in product differentiation through promotions o Attract the necessary resources Finally, focus is placed on South Africa's Vision 2020 and how the local industry will benefit from the objectives been set out to be achieved.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studieprojek ondersoek die impak van verskeie invloedryke faktore wat 'n beduidende rol gespeel het in die Australiese wynbedryf die afgelope dekade. Die projek begin deur te kyk na 'n indiepte studie van die Australiese wynbedryf se geskiedenis terwyl daar gelyktydig vergelyking getref word tussen die aanplantings van die Australiese wynbedryf vanaf 1994 tot 1997 aan die eenkant teenoor die operasionele sy van dieselfde industrie met sy ontstaan in 1788. Die tesis konsentreer op die faktore wat die globale wynindustrie gekenmerk het tydens die middel 1990's. Hierdie faktore was onder andere: • Die wynhandel het aanhoudende groei getoon ten spyte van die wêreldwye tendens van 'n afname in wynverbruik. • Verpligtinge aangegaan deur ondergetekendes tot die GATTUruguay rondte van samesprekinge in Marrakech in 1994 het verseker dat wynhandel nie net binne handeisblokke plaasgevind het nie, maar ook tussen hierdie handelsblokke. • Die nuwewêreld produserende lande, asook die Oos-Europese lande het 'n beduidende bedreiging vir EU-beheerde markte begin word. Verder is fokus geplaas op die dryfkragte binne die globale wynindustrie met spesiale verwysing na die nuwewêreld produserende lande wat groei toon in die aanplantings van wingerde, die produksie van wyn asook die verbruik daarvan - in kontras met die ouwêreld produserende lande. Belasting word ondersoek vanaf n verbruiker, produsent en die Australiese regering se oogpunt af. n Vergelykende model word geskets waarin daar gekyk word na Australiese wynverbruik voor die belastingimplimentering asook daarna. Hoofstuk 6 kyk na Visie 2025 wat deur die Australiese wynbedryf ontwikkel is as gevolg van 'n behoefte wat geidentifiseer is om globaal mededingend te wees. Klem is geplaas op die proses van n wynindustrie wat ontwikkel het vanaf 'n produksie gedrewe industrie na 'n markgedrewe industrie met elke deelnemer in die industrie wat die strategiese doelwitte van Visie 2025 slaafs "bemark" met die wete dat hul hele industrie uiteindelik daarby sal baat. Hoofstuk 7 kyk na die Australiese wynindustrie vanaf 'n objektiewe oogpunt terwyl die industrie gemeet word teen globale wyntendense asook teen die kwaliteitsvertonings van die globale rolspelers. Fokus is geplaas op die verskille en ooreenkomste tussen Australië se twee wyn groeitydperke asook die lesse wat daaruit te leer is vir enige opkomende wynproduserende land. Hierdie lesse is: o Ontwikkel nuwe markte o Ontwikkel 'n langtermyn visie vir volgehoue groei o Investeer in die nuutste tegnologie o Ontwikkel gesonde verhoudings met kontrak wingerdplanters en bemarkers o Investeer in produkdifferensiasie deur promosies o Verkry die nodige hulpbronne Laastens is klem geplaas op Suid-Afrika se Visie 2020 en hoe die plaaslike industrie daarby sal baat indien die uiteengesette doelwitte behaal sou word.

Based on empirical study of newly declassified sources from South Korea, the dissertation examines the Park Chung Hee regime’s (1961-1979) policies related to chaju kukpang, or “self-reliant national defense,” from the late-1960s through the 1970s. In response to North Korea’s provocations in 1968 and the US reduction of troops stationed in South Korea in 1971, the Park regime masterminded an independent military modernization program in which citizens and civilian industries, functioning as the de facto engine of domestic arms production, propelled the emergence of a military-industrial complex. The study examines how regime policies mobilized Korean citizens for the effort and how civilian actors eventually responded by personally investing to fulfill this national project. The author observes that the state transformed civilians through both super-structural and infrastructural processes, as Park’s policies steered both the industrial capacities and the consciousness of the Korean populace along a path toward security independence. The total mobilization effort proceeded through complex mergers, tensions, and negotiations of state goals with civilian ideological and material interests, ultimately forging chaju kukpang as a bona fide national movement. The story of ROK defense industry development offers a prism through which the interplay of polity and society in the course of Korea’s modernization can be reexamined, with an eye to refining prevalent theories and suggesting implications for future research on the Park era.
East Asian Languages and Civilizations

This thesis examines how the stevedoring industry at Fremantle was absorbed into a national framework of port cargo-handling services during the first half of the twentieth century. The process of change compelled a local industry with its own peculiarities to conform to standards imposed by central authorities with priorities which were not necessarily in harmony with local practice or custom.In part this was the result of the inexorable forces released by Federation. After the creation of the Commonwealth, there was no isolation for anyone from the Commonwealth government's powers to legislate change if it was deemed to be in the national interest. Power, therefore, would flow towards central authorities: for the shipowners and their stevedores this meant to a central organisation, the Association of Employers of Waterside Labour (AEWL); for the labourers it meant, eventually, to the national executive of the Waterside Workers Federation (WWF).The Commonwealth government had the power and the will to intervene in stevedoring when the national interest dictated. The Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Court started the process in 1914. The Commonwealth government in the War of 1914-18, in 1928, made further inroads into curtailing the levels of local autonomy. In the 1939-45 War the process was completed by the creation of government stevedoring industry commissions and boards. The final impact to local autonomy came in 1950 when the policies of a new conservative Commonwealth government forced the Fremantle Lumpers Union to seek the protection of a national union, the WWF.This thesis follows the path taken by the Fremantle stevedoring industry on its way to complete integration and absorption into the national port cargo-handling service. It examines the resistance to the changes brought about by centralisation and the part played in that struggle by both ++
employers and employees at Fremantle to retain some control over their respective destinies.

This thesis, conceived within a Marxist framework, addresses key conceptual issues in the writing and theorising on industry policy in post second world- war Australia. Broadly, the thesis challenges the way that industry policy on the left of politics (reflected in the social democratic and Keynesian positions) has been constructed as a practical, progressive policy agenda. Specifically, the thesis poses a direct challenge to the primacy of the ‘national’ in interpreting the history of industry policy. The challenge is to the proposition that conflicts between national industry and international finance arose only from the mid 1980s. On the contrary, as will be seen, this is a 1960s issue and any interpretation of the debates and the agendas surrounding industry policy in the 1980s must be predicated on an understanding of how the issue was played out two decades earlier. As was the case in the 1960s, industry policy in the 1980s has been isolated from two key areas of interrogation: the role of the nation state in regulating accumulation and the role of finance in industry policy. In the 1950s and more so in the 1960s and early 1970s there was a reconfiguration of financing internationally but it is one that did not enter into industry policy analysis. The central concern therefore is to simultaneously sketch the historical political economy on industry policy from the 1950s through to the early 1970s in Australia and to analytically and empirically insert the role of finance into that history. In so doing the thesis addresses the economic and social factors that shaped the approach to industry finance in Australia during this critical period. The analysis is supported by a detailed examination of political and industry debates surrounding the proposal for, and institution of, a key national intervention in the form of the Australian Industry Development Corporation (AIDC).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 246 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 212-242).

The plant nursery industry in Perth during the period 1829-1939 was a valuable marker of social, cultural and economic change. The growth patterns of the industry were shaped by economic development and population increases. As the plants sold by the industry could be used for either food or decoration, the gradual change of focus of the nurseries from one to the other reflected the rising standard of living in the community. Before World War II, nurserymen in Perth had frequently trained abroad or in the eastern states, and played a role in the dissemination of information about gardening through radio programmes, newspaper and journal articles and their own publications, providing a useful service to Perth residents. Nurseries were key businesses in developing some of the outer suburbs. The majority of plants in early nurseries were grown in soil beds in the open. This method necessitated the location of businesses on large blocks that could provide good soil and adequate water. Many nurserymen were involved in local government, and played a part in obtaining improved services for their communities. By providing large numbers of locally grown plants the fruit growing nurseries assisted in the development of the orchard industry in the State, and the State nursery at Hamel provided thousands of trees for commercial use and as shade and shelter trees. The retail nurseries were small, skilled family businesses. The labour-intensive methods of production and ensuing lifestyle were typical of pioneer intensive agriculture. In December 1939 the industry achieved professional status through the formation of The Nurserymen's Association of Western Australia. The era of the pioneering nurserymen had ended.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-280) and index. Deals with the domestication of the goat and the history of the cashmere industry; investigates fibre physiology and production in general; and gives a detailed account of skin histology and fibre production of goats with particular reference to the cashmere-bearing animal; followed by research related to cashmere fibre production

This thesis is a history of the Sydney and Melbourne International Film Festivals, and covers the years from 1945 to 1972. Based primarily on archival material, it is an organisational history dealing with the attempts by the two Film Festivals to negotiate between the demands of �culture� and �industry� throughout this period. The thesis begins with a consideration of the origins of the Festivals in the post-war period �with the attempts by non-Hollywood producers to break into the cinema market, the collapse of the �mass audience�, and the growth of the film society movement in Australia. The thesis then examines the establishment in the early 1950s of the Sydney and Melbourne Festivals as small, amateur events, run by and for film enthusiasts. It then traces the Festivals� historical development until 1972, by which time both Festivals had achieved an important status as social and cultural organisations within Australia. The main themes dealt with throughout this period of development include the Festivals� difficult negotiations with both the international and domestic film trade, their ongoing internal debates over their role and purpose as cultural organisations, their responses to the appearance of other international film festivals in Australia, their relation to the Australian film industry, and their fight to liberalise Australia�s film censorship regulations.

This dissertation examines the evolution of the mining industry in three British dominions during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Adopting a case study approach, it describes the establishment and growth of mining in Rossland, British Columbia; Broken Hill, New South Wales; and Waihi, New Zealand. Separate chapters trace developments in each area, focussing on the emergence of organised labour, the growth of mining companies and the sophistication of mining operations. These underline the need to consider diverse themes, maintaining that the mining industry's pattern of growth can be understood only by adopting such a broad approach. Following the three case studies, the final chapters of the dissertation offer a comparative analysis of Rossland, Waihi and Broken Hill. The study emphasises the similarities of these three communities, especially the cycle of growth, and identifies a crucial common denominator. Despite differences in climate, in the type and nature of the ore deposit and in the scale of mining activity, all three areas experienced a common trajectory of initial boom followed by subsequent retrenchment. The changing character of the resource base forced this fundamental alteration of productive relations. In each region, the mineral content of the ore declined as the mines went deeper. In addition, with depth the ore tended to become more difficult to treat. Faced with a decline in the value of the product of their mines, companies had to adopt sweeping changes in order to maintain profitable operations. This re-structuring was accomplished in a variety of ways, but the most significant factors, common to Rossland, Broken Hill and Waihi, were the heightened importance of applied science and economies of scale. Both developments underlined the growing importance of the mining engineer and technological innovations, principally in milling and smelting operations. In addition, new non-selective extractive techniques reduced the significance of skilled underground labour. The re-structuring of the industry not only had similar causes but also had a similar effect. The comparative chapter on labour relations, for example, argues that these managerial initiatives were closely associated with militant episodes in each community. While the leading companies in Rossland, Waihi and Broken Hill successfully reduced their working costs, they all faced the same ultimate end. Their long-term success or failure reflected the skill with which they coped with the inevitable depletion of their ore body. The common experience of Rossland, Waihi and Broken Hill demonstrates the importance of placing colonial development within a larger context. Regional historians should make greater use of the comparative approach, rather than continuing to focus on the unique and the particular.
Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate

Doctor of Philosophy
'Entrepreneurs, Empires and Pantomimes' examines how Williamson influenced the form and content of one theatrical genre within his theatrical empire between 1882 and 1914. As the frontispiece signals in spectacular fashion, the pantomime was a vitally popular dramatic form. I believe that my findings have serious implcations for the formation of an Australian theatre industry with regard to the 'development'of Australian drama. Ironically, as J.W. Gough points out in 'The Rise of the Entrepreneur' (1969), the word 'entrepreneur' first appeared in the 'Oxford English Dictionary' in 1897 as referring to "the director or manager of a public musical institution: one who 'gets up' entertainments, especially musical performances."

While much has been written on the Australian film and television industry, little has been presented by actual producers, filmmakers and technicians of their time and experiences within that same industry. Similarly, with historical documentaries, it has been academics rather than filmmakers who have led the debate. This thesis addresses this shortcoming and bridges the gap between practitioner experience and intellectual discussion, synthesising the debate and providing an important contribution from a filmmaker-academic, in its own way unique and insightful. The thesis is presented in two voices. First, my voice, the voice of memoir and recollected experience of my screen adventures over 38 years within the Australian industry, mainly producing historical documentaries for the ABC and the SBS. This is represented in italics. The second half and the alternate chapters provide the industry framework in which I worked with particular emphasis on documentaries and how this evolved and developed over a 40-year period, from 1970 to 2010. Within these two voices are three layers against which this history is reviewed and presented. Forming the base of the pyramid is the broad Australian film industry made up of feature films, documentary, television drama, animation and other types and styles of production. Above this is the genre documentary within this broad industry, and making up the small top tip of the pyramid, the sub-genre of historical documentary. These form the vertical structure within which industry issues are discussed. Threading through it are the duel determinants of production: ‘the market’ and ‘funding’. Underpinning the industry is the involvement of government, both state and federal, forming the three dimensional matrix for the thesis. For over 100 years the Australian film industry has depended on government support through subsidy, funding mechanisms, development assistance, broadcast policy and legislative provisions. This thesis aims to weave together these industry layers, binding them with the determinants of the market and funding, and immersing them beneath layers of government legislation and policy to present a new view of the Australian film industry.

The thesis begins by referring to the French traders who came to Australia in the late 19th century. Their goal was to acquire wool of fine quality in order to meet the needs of the thriving woollen textile mills in Northern France, but in bypassing the London market, they also encouraged the colony's independence from the mother country. I present two of these traders, Georges and Joseph Playoust who arrived in Australia with their families, in 1889 and 1892 respectively, and discuss their early experiences in their new land. The second part of chapter 1 describes the education that these two brothers had received in France and compares it with the education they gave to their children in Australia. I outline the public education system that applied in France and Australia respectively at the time. I consider the values with which the Playoust brothers had been imbued in France of the Third Republic in the wake of the Franco-Prussian War. I note that despite their Republicanism, both Playoust brothers sent their children in Australia to private religious schools administered by religious orders that were banned in France. The second chapter describes the families' move to Sydney where the markets were larger. I touch on current concepts on transnationalism and apply them retrospectively to the family. I describe the leading role played by Georges Playoust in Sydney as founding president of the French Chamber of Commerce, and more generally his contribution to Australian society in which he became a public figure. I analyse in detail the speeches he made on the French National Day, both in French and in English. The third chapter is devoted to the contribution of women to the Alliance Francaise, then, when war broke out, to the French-Australian League of Help, an important patriotic fund in 1914-18 where both Playoust families were heavily involved as founders and administrators, together with Australians from the Red Cross and the Benevolent Society. The last chapter is based on the letters of the seven young Playoust men, who were mobilised by the French army to serve on the Western Front, and Jacques Playoust's diary from the savage campaign in Verdun. All these men had been educated in Australia, and wrote in English to each other, but in French to a young Parisian cousin. I analyse the complex web of ideas and sentiments expressed in these writings of French-Australian men in an extreme situation, fighting for their homeland far from 'home'. The conclusion returns to the themes of patriotism, transnationalism and French-Australian relations. Original letters and speeches and my translations of them are included in the Appendices.

Modern agriculture in Australia is often viewed as utilitarian and neutral on the one hand, or as a destroyer of 'pristine' environments on the other. It is either a story of steady progress in technique and technology, of 'science with its sleeves rolled up', or one of disastrous environmental consequences of industrialisation and capitalism. Scientific agriculture in Australia is taken for granted as being about food, fibre and income, but these have not been its main purposes. Agriculture's social and cultural purposes, and its environmental purposes, have been more important factors shaping its advocacy and development. Broken Country explores how the explosion of knowledge in biology in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries - entangled with cultural ideas about civilisation, inheritance, race and population - shaped modern agriculture in Australia. It examines the wider history of knowledge for agriculture and place through the story of the Darling and Macquarie River country after European agriculture first came to the semi-arid plains of western New South Wales. As the pastoral industry began collapsing at the end of the nineteenth century, colonial governments pushed agriculture based on scientific principles as a solution to anxieties about the effects of space and distance on civilisation, as well as a means to address the exploitative environmental culture of settlers on the inland plains. In the 1940s large engineering projects and the integration of the management of people and environment was supposed to address the social and environmental problems of the 1930s agricultural crisis, after World War II, it became a means of defending Australia from a hungry Asia and for preventing the spread of communism. How successful has scientific agriculture been in achieving these big fixes? How has it fared as the main vehicle for the changing environmental management philosophies of wise use, balance, integration, optimisation, sustainability, and recently, resilience? Is it a triumphant project that has made incredible increases in yield to feed a burgeoning global population, or has it left us precariously at risk of ecological collapse and left a billion people starving? What do scientific agriculture's cultural foundations say about our relationships with our environment each other, and what is Australia's role in this system?

Since C J Dennis wrote The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke in 1915 the Little Lonsdale Street precinct has been a symbol of rough, immoral inner Melbourne working-class community life. Scholars and journalists have perpetuated this negative image, and the major archaeological survey conducted by Justin McCarthy in 1989 confirmed the impression of a "lowlife slum". The only industry of substance that was acknowledged by these writers was prostitution. The Museum of Victoria has erected an exhibition, and prepared a web-site, about Little Lon based on McCarthy’s report. In recent years Alan Mayne, Tim Murray and Susan Lawrence have published research questioning the slum image and have argued instead that the precinct was, essentially, a residential neighbourhood. My hypothesis is that Little Lon was much more than a poor, working-class area. Over a long period it contained a significant enclave of successful family firms engaged in manufacture and other diverse activities.
My research has involved a macro-survey of all the industries in the precinct from 1860-1950 and micro-surveys of seven individual firms. Careful note has been taken of the manner in which Nonconformist, Lebanese and Chinese entrepreneurs clustered separately, but within the same small precinct. The influence within Little Lon of Chinese cabinetmakers between about 1905 and 1925, both industrially and residentially, was strong indeed. Preceding the Chinese was a cluster of Lebanese traders (some later becoming clothing manufacturers) and, throughout the century the Nonconformist industrialists consolidated their respective positions. Research questions concerning their motivation and effectiveness have been asked of each entrepreneur. The impact of religion has been noted. My research has produced a set of commercial histories of relatively long-term small enterprises, located within a defined city area. The development of each firm has been monitored by comparison with its respective industry as a whole.

This thesis discusses the impact of the counterculture on Australian cinema in the late 20thcentury through the work of the Sydney Underground Film group, Ubu. This group, active between 1965 -1970, was a significant part of an underground counter culture, to which many young Australians subscribed. As a group, Ubu was more than a rat bag assemblage of University students. It was an antipodean aspect of an ongoing artistic and political movement that began with the European avant-garde at the beginning of the 20th century and that radically transformed artistic conventions in theatre, painting, literature, photography and film. Three purposes underpin this thesis: firstly to track the art historical links between a European avant-garde heritage and Ubu. Experimental film is a genre that is informed by cross art form interrelations between theatre, painting, literature, photography and film and the major modernist aesthetic philosophies of the last century. Ubu's revolutionary aesthetic approaches included political resistance and the involvement of audiences in the production of art. Their creative wellspring drew from: Alfred Jarry, Dadaism, Surrealism, Futurism, Fluxus, Conceptual and Pop art. This cross fertilization between the arts is critical to understanding not only the Australian experimental movement but the history of contemporary image making. The second purpose is to fill a current void of research about early Australian Experimental film. This is a significant gap given it was a national movement with many international connections. The counterculture movement also contains many major figures in Australian art history. These individuals played their parts in the Sydney Push, Oz magazine and the activities of the Yellow House and have since become important multi arts practitioners and commentators. Thirdly, the thesis attempts to evaluate Ubu's political and social agenda for the democratization of film appreciation through their objectives of: production, exhibition, distribution and debate of experimental film both nationally and internationally. Ultimately the group would succeed in these objectives and in winning the war on repressive censorship laws. Their influence has informed the practice of many of Australia's current film heavy weights. Two key films have been selected for analysis, It Droppeth as the Gentle Rain (1963) and Newsfront (1978). The first looks forward to Ubu's contemporary practices and political agenda while the second demonstrates their longer term influences on mainstream cinema.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
This thesis examines historical, political, regulatory and economic aspects of gambling policy in New South Wales (NSW), with specific emphasis on the evolution of electronic gaming machine (EGM) gambling as a key element of the State’s fiscal policy. This includes analysis of major regulatory initiatives, including a review of contemporary parliamentary and press material surpassing any identified comparable research on gambling and EGM policy in NSW. It was established that although policy has generally been made on isolated, ad hoc bases, precedents and contexts for subsequent legislation have resulted. It is demonstrated that although these events are prima facie unrelated, they collectively form part of an expansionary progression, largely impelled by governments’ pursuits of taxation revenue. In order to investigate outcomes of this progression, empirical research on EGM gambling over the three terms of the Carr Labor Governments (1995 to 2005) was also undertaken. Access to the restricted, comprehensive NSW EGM gambling database for this period permitted a comparatively more detailed and definitive analysis of EGM gambling than has previously been possible. The empirical research adopts two alternative measures of EGM distribution. These are a conventional ‘EGM density’ measure (the ratio of population to EGMs) and the introduction of a concentration measure, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (Herfindahl Index). This results in a novel comparative approach to assessing EGM distribution. In addition, regulatory practice and previous studies in the field have customarily relied on the use of one measure of socioeconomic status (SES), ordinarily being the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ Socioeconomic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA), to assess impacts. This study extends its comparative approach by also adopting a second SEIFA index. The application of Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RM ANOVA) testing to the data resulted in identification of statistically significant distributional differences among groups of LGAs on the basis of SES.The findings have implications for policy development, regulatory practice and further research on how these differences affect tax impacts. The thesis establishes that assessment of EGM policy and impacts is to some extent contingent on the measures used in the assessment process. This is particularly relevant to the measure of SES adopted, in which distinct differences were detected, based on the SES characteristics employed. Regarding the distributional findings, EGM gambling measures based on the Herfindahl Index approach were also found to behave differently to orthodox metrics. The importance of these methodologies lies in their applicability to the practical regulation of gambling. The thesis is a contribution to the further understanding of how public policy formulation and implementation in a policy field that is central to government fiscal planning has evolved. The findings indicate that alternative policy determinations may have resulted had different, and perhaps more comprehensive, approaches been employed. These are methodological initiatives that may be prospectively applied in the future development of gambling research and policy.