Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aircraft exhaust emissions

Academic literature on the topic 'Aircraft exhaust emissions'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Aircraft exhaust emissions"

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Brown, R. C., M. R. Anderson, R. C. Miake-Lye, C. E. Kolb, A. A. Sorokin, and Y. Y. Buriko. "Aircraft exhaust sulfur emissions." Geophysical Research Letters 23, no. 24 (December 1, 1996): 3603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96gl03339.

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Spicer, C. W., M. W. Holdren, R. M. Riggin, and T. F. Lyon. "Chemical composition and photochemical reactivity of exhaust from aircraft turbine engines." Annales Geophysicae 12, no. 10/11 (August 31, 1994): 944–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0944-0.

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Abstract. Assessment of the environmental impact of aircraft emissions is required by planners and policy makers. Seveal areas of concern are: 1. exposure of airport workers and urban residents to toxic chemicals emitted when the engines operate at low power (idle and taxi) on the ground; 2. contributions to urban photochemical air pollution of aircraft volatile organic and nitrogen oxides emissions from operations around airports; and 3. emissions of nitrogen oxides and particles during high-altitude operation. The environmental impact of chemicals emitted from jet aircraft turbine engines has not been firmly established due to lack of data regarding emission rates and identities of the compounds emitted. This paper describes an experimental study of two different aircraft turbine engines designed to determine detailed organic emissions, as well as emissions of inorganic gases. Emissions were measured at several engine power settings. Measurements were made of detailed organic composition from C1 through C17, CO, CO2, NO, NOx, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Measurements were made using a multi-port sampling pro be positioned directly behind the engine in the exhaust exit plane. The emission measurements have been used to determine the organic distribution by carbon number and the distribution by compound class at each engine power level. The sum of the organic species was compared with an independent measurement of total organic carbon to assess the carbon mass balance. A portion of the exhaust was captured and irradiated in outdoor smog chambers to assess the photochemical reactivity of the emissions with respect to ozone formation. The reactivity of emissions from the two engines was apportioned by chemical compound class.
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MERKISZ, Jerzy. "On-road exhaust emission testing." Combustion Engines 146, no. 3 (November 1, 2011): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117086.

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The paper presents the reasons behind on-road vehicle exhaust emission testing. The latest legislation has been presented in the paper applicable in the EU as well as the research potential of the Institute of Combustion Engines and Transport of Poznan University of Technology. The presentation of the results of the on-road tests pertains to passenger vehicles, buses and non-road machinery (construction machinery, tractors) and aircraft. The comparison of the exhaust emissions from different means of transport under real traffic conditions constitutes an important trend included in the normative legislation related to exhaust emissions
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Jasinski, Remigiusz. "Mass and number analysis of particles emitted during aircraft landing." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400057.

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Particles are products of burning fossil fuels and the basic mechanisms of their formation are widely known. The above issue draws more and more attention of scientists due to the negative impact of solid particles on human health and climate. The emission of particles from aircraft is considered mainly in the case of near airport operations, which results from the applicable homologation regulations. However, due to the impact of exhaust emissions on the climate, it is planned to extend the regulations on limiting exhaust gases at cruising altitudes. The measurement of exhaust emissions in real flight conditions is very difficult to perform from a technical point of view, which is why modelling the environmental effects of air operations and laboratory measurements is very important. The article presents the results of jet engine tests made on the engine dynamometer and the measurements results of particle number concentration in the air during the landing of an aircraft equipped with the same engine as on the dynamometer.
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Owen, Bethan, Julien G. Anet, Nicolas Bertier, Simon Christie, Michele Cremaschi, Stijn Dellaert, Jacinta Edebeli, et al. "Review: Particulate Matter Emissions from Aircraft." Atmosphere 13, no. 8 (August 3, 2022): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081230.

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The contribution of aircraft operations to ambient ultrafine particle (UFP) concentration at and around airports can be significant. This review article considers the volatile and non-volatile elements of particulate matter emissions from aircraft engines, their characteristics and quantification and identifies gaps in knowledge. The current state of the art emission inventory methods and dispersion modelling approaches are reviewed and areas for improvement and research needs are identified. Quantification of engine non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) is improving as measured certification data for the landing and take-off cycle are becoming available. Further work is needed: to better estimate nvPM emissions during the full-flight; to estimate non-regulated (smaller) engines; and to better estimate the emissions and evolution of volatile particles (vPM) in the aircraft exhaust plume. Dispersion modelling improvements are also needed to better address vPM. As the emissions inventory data for both vPM and nvPM from aircraft sources improve, better estimates of the contribution of aircraft engine emissions to ambient particulate concentrations will be possible.
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Onasch, Timothy B., John T. Jayne, Scott Herndon, Douglas R. Worsnop, Richard C. Miake-Lye, I. Phil Mortimer, and Bruce E. Anderson. "Chemical Properties of Aircraft Engine Particulate Exhaust Emissions." Journal of Propulsion and Power 25, no. 5 (September 2009): 1121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.36371.

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GALANT, Marta, Paula KURZAWSKA, Marta MACIEJEWSKA, and Monika KARDACH. "Analysis of the impact of wind on fuel consumption and emissions of harmful exhaust gas compounds on the selected flight route." Combustion Engines 179, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-415.

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The article discusses the issue of the impact of wind force and direction on fuel consumption and the emission of harmful exhaust gases on the selected flight route. The focus was on percentage changes in fuel consumption and emissions of individual harmful exhaust gas compounds depending on the wind speed and the direction from which it interacts with the aircraft. The analysis was carried out for three different flight levels, in order to compare changes in fuel consumption and emissions also in terms of flight altitude, however the following article focuses only on one level – FL240.
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Bennett, Michael, Simon Christie, Angus Graham, and David Raper. "Lidar Observations of Aircraft Exhaust Plumes." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, no. 10 (October 1, 2010): 1638–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecha1412.1.

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Abstract A series of field campaigns has been made at British airports using a rapid-scanning lidar and other instrumentation in order to measure the dispersion of exhaust plumes from commercial aircraft. The lidar operated at a wavelength of 355 nm and was thus effectively eye safe. Analysis software for the lidar signals has been elaborated to enable the rather weak signals (typically a few tens of percent of ambient backscatter) from aircraft exhaust to be distinguished and to facilitate automatic processing of the measurements obtained. Such processing can deliver images, animations, and numerical parameterizations of the dispersing plumes. Overall, 1353 air traffic movements were monitored over two campaigns at Manchester and 439 in a single campaign at Heathrow. All modes were observed: taxiing, takeoff, rotation, climb-out, approach, and landing. Of these, the most complete dataset was that obtained for the start of the takeoff run: in this mode, the source is on full power but is still moving relatively slowly. Emissions thus remain at their most concentrated. For the same reason, this is the most important mode in respect to local air quality. Tire smoke on landing was likewise easily detected. Conversely, the lidar could only see the engine emissions from about 30% of the aircraft on approach. These data have been archived in an accessible form and are currently being used to develop improved regulatory dispersion models for airports.
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MERKISZ, Jerzy, Jarosław MARKOWSKI, and Jacek PIELECHA. "Emission tests of the AI-14RA aircraft engine under real operating conditions of PZL-104 ‘Wilga’ plane." Combustion Engines 138, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117180.

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Due to a rapid development of air transportation there is a need for the assessment of real environmental risk related to the aircraft operation. The main environmental perils are the toxic exhaust emissions. The paper presents the results of the emission tests of a small airplane engine under real operating conditions.
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Schäfer, Klaus. "Non-Intrusive measurements of aircraft and rocket exhaust emissions." Air & Space Europe 3, no. 1-2 (January 2001): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1290-0958(01)90027-9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aircraft exhaust emissions"

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Nyampong, Yaw Otu Mankata. "The regulation of aircraft engine emissions from international civil aviation /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82666.

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Aircraft engine emissions from civil aviation cause several adverse effects to the atmospheric environment. These emissions are among the known major contributors to changes in atmospheric chemistry and global climate change. One way in which the international community has responded to the problem has been the adoption of several international treaties, generally dealing with subjects such as protection of the ozone layer, long-range transboundary air pollution, and global climate change.
The other way in which the problem has been dealt with is the adoption of an industry-specific international regulatory regime for controlling aircraft engine emissions from civil aviation. In this regard, the international community has, through the law making functions of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), adopted the mechanism of Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) to establish a regulatory framework aimed at reducing environmentally harmful engine emissions. These SARPs, though international in nature, are to be implemented at the national level by the member states of ICAO.
This thesis provides a review of current understanding of the effects of aircraft engine emissions on the atmospheric environment and an analysis of the international responses to the problem. In particular, it focuses on the industry-specific regime adopted by ICAO and considers whether it is an effective tool for achieving a balance between the safe and orderly development of civil aviation and the human environment.
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Sementi, Joshua Paul. "A study of jet exhaust-wing interaction /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10002.

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Stettler, Marc Emil John. "Aviation emissions of black carbon and other air pollutants." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648379.

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Skidmore, F. W., and n/a. "The influence of gas turbine combustor fluid mechanics on smoke emissions." Swinburne University of Technology, 1988. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070420.131227.

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This thesis describes an experimental program covering the development of certain simple combustion chamber modifications to alleviate smoke emissions from the Allison T56 turboprop engines operated by the Royal Australian Air Force. The work includes a literature survey, smoke emission tests on two variants of the T56 engine, flow visualisation studies of the combustion system in a water tunnel and combustion rig tests of a standard combustor and four possible modifications. The rig tests showed that reductions in smoke emissions of 80% were possible by simple modifications that reduced the primary zone equivalence ratio and improved mixing in that zone.
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Gettelman, Andrew. "Stratosphere-troposphere exchange and the impact of commercial aviation on the atmosphere /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10051.

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Rogers, Todd Michael. "Application of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry to measure hydrocarbon emissions in engine exhaust." Diss., Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/rogers/RogersT0807.pdf.

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Guiler, Richard. "Emissions and operational aspects of methanol as an alternative fuel in a stationary gas turbine." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1547.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 157 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-87).
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de, Luis Jorge. "A Process for the Quantification of Aircraft Noise and Emissions Interdependencies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24618.

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The main purpose of this dissertation is to develop a process to improve actual policy-making procedures in terms of aviation environmental effects. This research work expands current practices with physics based publicly available models. The process herein proposed provides information regarding the interdependencies between the environmental effects of aircraft. These interdependencies are also tied to the actual physical parameters of the aircraft and the engine, making it more intuitive for decision-makers to understand the impacts to the vehicle due to different policy scenarios. These scenarios involve the use of fleet analysis tools in which the existing aircraft are used to predict the environmental effects of imposing new stringency levels. The aircraft used are reduced to a series of coefficients that represent their performance, in terms of flight characteristics, fuel burn, noise, and emissions. These coefficients are then utilized to model flight operations and calculate what the environmental impacts of those aircraft are. If a particular aircraft does not meet the stringency to be analyzed, a technology response is applied to it, in order to meet that stringency. Depending on the level of reduction needed, this technology response can have an effect on the fuel burn characteristic of the aircraft. The proposed alternative is to create a fleet of replacement aircraft to the current fleet that does not meet stringency. These replacement aircraft represent the achievable physical limits for state of the art systems. In addition, the replacement aircraft show the linkage between environmental effects and fundamental aircraft and engine characteristics, something that has been neglected in previous policy making procedures. Another aspect that has been ignored is the creation of the coefficients used for the fleet analyses. In current literature, a defined process for the creation of those coefficients does not exist, but this research work develops a process to do so and demonstrates that the characteristics of the aircraft can be propagated to the coefficients and to the fleet analysis tools.
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Wu, Junxiao. "Numerical studies of plume-vortex interactions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11906.

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Mazaheri, Mandana. "Investigation into submicrometer particle and gaseous emissions from airport ground running procedures." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/29183/1/Mandana_Mazaheri_Citation.pdf.

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Emissions from airport operations are of significant concern because of their potential impact on local air quality and human health. The currently limited scientific knowledge of aircraft emissions is an important issue worldwide, when considering air pollution associated with airport operation, and this is especially so for ultrafine particles. This limited knowledge is due to scientific complexities associated with measuring aircraft emissions during normal operations on the ground. In particular this type of research has required the development of novel sampling techniques which must take into account aircraft plume dispersion and dilution as well as the various particle dynamics that can affect the measurements of the aircraft engine plume from an operational aircraft. In order to address this scientific problem, a novel mobile emission measurement method called the Plume Capture and Analysis System (PCAS), was developed and tested. The PCAS permits the capture and analysis of aircraft exhaust during ground level operations including landing, taxiing, takeoff and idle. The PCAS uses a sampling bag to temporarily store a sample, providing sufficient time to utilize sensitive but slow instrumental techniques to be employed to measure gas and particle emissions simultaneously and to record detailed particle size distributions. The challenges in relation to the development of the technique include complexities associated with the assessment of the various particle loss and deposition mechanisms which are active during storage in the PCAS. Laboratory based assessment of the method showed that the bag sampling technique can be used to accurately measure particle emissions (e.g. particle number, mass and size distribution) from a moving aircraft or vehicle. Further assessment of the sensitivity of PCAS results to distance from the source and plume concentration was conducted in the airfield with taxiing aircraft. The results showed that the PCAS is a robust method capable of capturing the plume in only 10 seconds. The PCAS is able to account for aircraft plume dispersion and dilution at distances of 60 to 180 meters downwind of moving a aircraft along with particle deposition loss mechanisms during the measurements. Characterization of the plume in terms of particle number, mass (PM2.5), gaseous emissions and particle size distribution takes only 5 minutes allowing large numbers of tests to be completed in a short time. The results were broadly consistent and compared well with the available data. Comprehensive measurements and analyses of the aircraft plumes during various modes of the landing and takeoff (LTO) cycle (e.g. idle, taxi, landing and takeoff) were conducted at Brisbane Airport (BNE). Gaseous (NOx, CO2) emission factors, particle number and mass (PM2.5) emission factors and size distributions were determined for a range of Boeing and Airbus aircraft, as a function of aircraft type and engine thrust level. The scientific complexities including the analysis of the often multimodal particle size distributions to describe the contributions of different particle source processes during the various stages of aircraft operation were addressed through comprehensive data analysis and interpretation. The measurement results were used to develop an inventory of aircraft emissions at BNE, including all modes of the aircraft LTO cycle and ground running procedures (GRP). Measurements of the actual duration of aircraft activity in each mode of operation (time-in-mode) and compiling a comprehensive matrix of gas and particle emission rates as a function of aircraft type and engine thrust level for real world situations was crucial for developing the inventory. The significance of the resulting matrix of emission rates in this study lies in the estimate it provides of the annual particle emissions due to aircraft operations, especially in terms of particle number. In summary, this PhD thesis presents for the first time a comprehensive study of the particle and NOx emission factors and rates along with the particle size distributions from aircraft operations and provides a basis for estimating such emissions at other airports. This is a significant addition to the scientific knowledge in terms of particle emissions from aircraft operations, since the standard particle number emissions rates are not currently available for aircraft activities.
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Books on the topic "Aircraft exhaust emissions"

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Organization, International Civil Aviation, ed. ICAO engine exhaust emissions data bank. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: International Civil Aviation Organization, 1995.

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Nguyen, Hung Lee. Application of mixing-controlled combustion models to gas turbine combustors. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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A, Bittker David, Niedzwiecki Richard W, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Investigation of low NOx staged combustor concept in high-speed civil transport engines. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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W, Stroup J., and Langley Research Center, eds. Procedure for generating global atmospheric engine emissions data from future supersonic transport aircraft: 1990 high speed civil transport studies. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Nguyen, Hung Lee. Application of mixing-controlled combustion models to gas turbine combustors. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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W, Burcham Frank, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program, eds. Flight-determined engine exhaust characteristics of an F404 engine in an F-18 airplane. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1993.

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W, Burcham Frank, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., eds. Flight-determined engine exhaust characteristics of an F404 engine in an F-18 airplane. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1993.

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Organization, International Civil Aviation. Guidance on aircraft emissions charges related to local air quality. Montreal, Quebec: International Civil Aviation Organization, 2007.

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Yacovitch, Tara I., Zhenhong Yu, Scott C. Herndon, Rick Miake-Lye, David Liscinsky, W. Berk Knighton, Mike Kenney, Cristina Schoonard, and Paola Pringle. Exhaust Emissions from In-Use General Aviation Aircraft. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/24612.

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Zana, Lynnette M. Langmuir probe surveys of an arcjet exhaust. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aircraft exhaust emissions"

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Nizamitdinov, Akhlitdin, Yasin Şöhret, Aladdin Shamilov, and T. Hikmet Karakoç. "Statistical Model Development for Military Aircraft Engine Exhaust Emissions Data." In Advances in Sustainable Aviation, 177–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67134-5_12.

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Schumann, Ulrich. "Contrail Cirrus." In Cirrus. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195130720.003.0015.

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A contrail (a term introduced for “condensation trail” in 1942 by British pilots) is a visible cloud forming behind aircraft, mainly due to water vapor emissions from the engines. Contrails were first observed behind propeller-driven aircraft in 1915 but form as well from the exhaust of jet engines in cold ambient air (Schumann 1996a). Contrails are visible indicators of cruising aircraft and may impact the Earth's climate. Aircraft exhaust may influence cloud formation either directly by forming contrails or indirectly by causing an aerosol of black carbon soot, volatile particles, and metallic particles which later impact the formation and properties of cirrus clouds in the same air mass at other places. Though the cover by contrails is small compared to the cover by natural cirrus clouds, the potential climatic importance of contrails is being studied intensively. A review of the results obtained so far has been prepared for an assessment on Aviation and the Global Atmosphere (IPCC 1999). It reveals considerable progress in understanding aviation-produced aerosols and cloudiness (Fahey and Schumann 1999). Contrail studies also aid in learning about cirrus formation because contrails are cirrus clouds that form under relatively well defined and reproducible conditions. This chapter reviews some of the progress in understanding contrail formation, occurrence, properties, and radiative impact and identifies some important unanswered questions. Contrail formation can be accurately predicted for given atmospheric temperature and humidity conditions. Contrails form thermodynamically according to the Schmidt-Appleman criterion (Schmidt 1941; Appleman 1953) when the relative humidity (RH) in the plume of exhaust gases mixing with ambient air temporarily reaches or exceeds liquid saturation, so that liquid droplets form on cloud-condensation nuclei (CCN) and soon freeze to ice particles. Measurements have shown that liquid saturation is indeed necessary (see fig. 11.1) and that contrails do not form when the RH exceeds ice saturation (Jensen et al. 1998b; Kärcher et al. 1998a; Schumann et al. 2000). The maximum RH reaches liquid saturation when the ambient temperature is below a threshold temperature of typically -50° to -35°C, depending on ambient pressure and humidity and aircraft properties. This maximum is reached in the young plume (age <0.5 s) closely behind the aircraft.
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Wang, Yun. "OTTO AND DIESEL CYCLES." In Practical Handbook of Thermal Fluid Science, 138–59. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681089195123010012.

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INTRODUCTION Otto and Diesel cycle engines play an important role in our transportation and energy use. They are typically reciprocating heat engines that convert the thermal energy from fuel combustion to mechanical energy in the form of piston movement. The mechanical energy further drives a vehicle over a distance. The Otto and diesel cycle engines are the most common engine in passenger cars, light trucks, and other applications where small (10 Hp) to medium power (500 Hp) is required. Some large turbo supercharged radial aircraft engines reach 5,000 Hp. Applications of small power, such as lawnmowers and hand-held devices like trimmers and chain saws, require a level of 100-1,000 W power. Typical values of their thermal efficiency are 30-35% for Otto cycle engines and 30-40% for Diesel engines. Small utility-type engines may have ~20% efficiency due to simple design and control. While the basic principles of these reciprocating engines have not changed significantly since invention, advances in fuel induction, ignition systems, and exhaust emission controls have improved economy and performance and reduced pollution.
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Conference papers on the topic "Aircraft exhaust emissions"

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Schaefer, Klaus, Joerg Heland, Roger Burrows, John V. Black, Marc Bernard, Gary Bishop, Volker Tank, et al. "AEROJET: nonintrusive measurements of aircraft engine exhaust emissions." In Environmental Sensing III, edited by Maurus Tacke and Winfried Stricker. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.274773.

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Shakariyants, Savad A., Jos P. van Buijtenen, and Wilfried P. J. Visser. "Aero-Gasturbine Emission Reduction and Simulation Technology: Philosophy and Approach." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53521.

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Aircraft engine technology has gained major advances in the past 40–50 years, steadily bringing significant gains in the reduction of exhaust emissions at the source. However, with the projected increase in air traffic, the cumulative amount of aircraft emissions will still increase. This maintains the need for further progress in developing analytical methods to predict the amount and composition of exhaust gases from aircraft engines to better assess the alternatives for reducing emissions and better inform decision-makers, manufacturers and operators. The Research Project “Aero-Gasturbine Emission Reduction and Simulation Technology”, started at the Delft University of Technology in collaboration with the Dutch National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR) and the Netherlands Ministry of Traffic, is aimed to contribute to the efforts to solve the problem. With the limitations, complexity and costs of emission measurements at operational conditions, the ability to predict engine exhaust emissions by means of analytical tools becomes more urgent for minimizing aircraft engine exhaust gas emissions. This paper presents a philosophy and approach to develop such tools.
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Wormhoudt, Joda C., Mark S. Zahniser, David D. Nelson, Jr., J. Barry McManus, R. C. Miake-Lye, and Charles E. Kolb. "Infrared tunable diode laser diagnostics for aircraft exhaust emissions characterization." In OE/LASE '94, edited by Randy J. Locke. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.171299.

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Shakariyants, Savad A., Jos P. van Buijtenen, Wilfried P. J. Visser, and Alexander Tarasov. "A Multidisciplinary Aero-Engine Exhaust Emission Study." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90749.

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The paper illustrates an aero-engine exhaust emission study, which involves successive simulation procedures for aircraft flight, engine, combustor operation and exhaust emissions. It reveals a generic approach to analyze the effect of changes in flight conditions, power settings and combustor parameters on exhaust gas composition. Using reference measurement data at given engine operating points, pollutant models can be tuned to predict absolute concentration values at altered conditions. Emission formation processes were analyzed in the study using multi-reactor combustor models. The so-called principal pollutants of NOx, UHC, CO and soot were modeled over a broad range of engine power settings at static sea-level conditions. Modeling results were benchmarked against and tuned to emission certification data for a large commercial turbofan. CFD methods were employed to cross-check solution procedures for the engine combustor at the design operating point. Pollutants were also simulated in cruse conditions. Different flight conditions were considered using cross-linked engine and aircraft performance models.
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Reeves, Curtis M., and Arthur H. Lefebvre. "Fuel Effects on Aircraft Combustor Emissions." In ASME 1986 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/86-gt-212.

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Results of an analytical program to determine the effects of broad variations in fuel properties on the pollutant emissions generated by several prominent turbojet engine combustion systems, including both tubo-annular and annular configurations, are presented. Measurements of mean drop size conducted at representative engine operating conditions are used to supplement the available experimental data on the effects of combustor design parameters, combustor operating conditions, and fuel type, on pollutant emissions. The results of the study indicate that the fuel’s physical properties that govern atomization quality and evaporation rates have a significant effect on the emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. Analysis of the available experimental data shows that the influence of fuel chemistry on the emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogen, is small. Smoke emissions are found to be strongly dependent on combustion pressure, primary-zone fuel/air ratio, and the mode of fuel injection (pressure atomization or airblast). Fuel chemistry, as indicated by hydrogen content, is also important. Equations are presented for the correlation and/or prediction of exhaust emissions in terms of combustor size, combustor geometry, engine operating conditions, fuel spray characteristics, and fuel type.
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Underwood, Sean C., Ray Taghavi, and Teresa Miller. "Analysis of Exhaust Emissions of an Aircraft Diesel Engine Using Jet-A." In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3345.

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Siebel, Teresa, Jan Zanger, Andreas Huber, Manfred Aigner, Karsten Knobloch, and Friedrich Bake. "Experimental Investigation of Cycle Properties, Noise and Air Pollutant Emissions of an APS3200 Auxiliary Power Unit." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63523.

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Auxiliary power unit (APU) operators face increasingly stricter airport requirements concerning exhaust gas and noise emission levels. To simultaneously reduce exhaust gas and noise emissions and to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power on board, optimization of the current technology is necessary. Prior to any possible demonstration of optimization potential, detailed data of thermodynamic properties and emissions have to be determined. Therefore, the investigations presented in this paper were conducted at a full-scale APU of an operational aircraft. A Pratt & Whitney APS3200, commonly installed in the Airbus A320 aircraft family, was used for measurements of the reference data. In order to describe the APS3200, the full spectrum of feasible power load and bleed air mass flow combinations were adjusted during the study. Their effect on different thermodynamic and performance properties, such as exhaust gas temperature, pressure as well as electric and overall efficiency is described. Furthermore, the mass flows of the inlet air, exhaust gas and fuel input were determined. Additionally, the work reports the exhaust gas emissions regarding the species CO2, CO and NOx as a function of load point. Moreover the acoustic noise emissions are presented and discussed. With the provided data the paper serves as a database for validating numerical simulations and provides a baseline for current APU technology.
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Crow, Dennis R., and Charles F. Coker. "High-fidelity phenomenology modeling of infrared emissions from missile and aircraft exhaust plumes." In Aerospace/Defense Sensing and Controls, edited by Robert Lee Murrer, Jr. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.241101.

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Tank, Volker, Peter Haschberger, Erwin Lindermeir, and K. H. Matthern. "FTIR airborne measurement of aircraft jet engine exhaust gas emissions under cruise conditions." In European Symposium on Optics for Environmental and Public Safety, edited by Peter Fabian, Volker Klein, Maurus Tacke, Konradin Weber, and Christian Werner. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.221008.

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Leong, Christopher C., Lucas J. Rye, Simon Blakey, and Christopher W. Wilson. "Reverse Engineering Gas Turbine Emission Performance: Applied to an Aircraft Auxiliary Power Unit." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22478.

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Environmental and future supply pressures are expected to drive aviation towards alternative fuel sources. However little is available in the literature on aircraft landing-takeoff (LTO) cycle gaseous emissions resulting from the combustion of alternative fuels. Considering the different engine configurations existing in today’s commercial aviation fleet, emission experiments of alternative fuels on all engine types are almost impossible. Modelling may provide a solution but the availability of combustor data (geometry and air split details) in the public domain is limited. A reverse engineering technique is developed to recover the air splits and combustion process in gas turbine engine by a CRN and forward predicting the emissions from the engine exhaust. The model was developed and optimised with a Genetic Algorithm against the Jet A-1 experimental emission data obtained from an APU. Results from the optimised CRN emission predictions closely matched the Jet A-1 gaseous emission data. The modelling technique also successfully demonstrated an ability to predict APU gaseous emission data obtained for Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) (neat and 50–50 blended with Jet A-1) and biodiesel. This technique is expected to enhance the emission databank of aircraft and airside emissions.
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