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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aircraft accidents'
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1
Dunn, Leigh. "Investigating accidents involving aircraft manufactured from polymer composite materials." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8448.
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This thesis looks into the examination of polymer composite wreckage from the
perspective of the aircraft accident investigator. It develops an understanding of
the process of wreckage examination as well as identifying the potential for
visual and macroscopic interpretation of polymer composite aircraft wreckage.
The in-field examination of aircraft wreckage, and subsequent interpretations of
material failures, can be a significant part of an aircraft accident investigation.
As the use of composite materials in aircraft construction increases, the
understanding of how macroscopic failure characteristics of composite materials
may aid the field investigator is becoming of increasing importance.
The first phase of this research project was to explore how investigation
practitioners conduct wreckage examinations. Four accident investigation case
studies were examined. The analysis of the case studies provided a framework
of the wreckage examination process.
Subsequently, a literature survey was conducted to establish the current level of
knowledge on the visual and macroscopic interpretation of polymer composite
failures. Relevant literature was identified and a compendium of visual and
macroscopic characteristics was created.
Two full-scale polymer composite wing structures were loaded statically, in an
upward bending direction, until each wing structure fractured and separated.
The wing structures were subsequently examined for the existence of failure
characteristics. The examination revealed that whilst characteristics were
present, the fragmentation of the structure destroyed valuable evidence.
A hypothetical accident scenario utilising the fractured wing structures was
developed, which UK government accident investigators subsequently
investigated. This provided refinement to the investigative framework and
suggested further guidance on the interpretation of polymer composite failures
by accident investigators.
2
Давиденко, Алла Олександрівна. "Human performance as a casual factor of aircraft accidents." Thesis, «Авіація у XXI столітті» – «Безпека в авіації та космічні технології» : VIII Всесвітній конгрес, 10-12 жовтня 2018 р.: тези доп. – K . : НАУ, 2018. – С, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/37122.
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The article deals with issues concerning human factors are affecting how people do their jobs. They are the social and personal skills, such as communication and decision making which complement our technical skills. These are important for safe and efficient aviation. Human Factors is the focus of so much attention today because human error has contributed to over 80% of aviation accidents.
3
Dell, Geoff. "Aircraft pushback accidents worldwide 1964-1992 : causes and prevention." Thesis, The Author [Mt. Helen. Vic.] :, 1993. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/39809.
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The purpose of the study was to analyse aircraft pushback accidents which have resulted in death or serious injury to aircraft pusback ground crew members and to develop effective strategies to prevent such accidents.Thesis (Master of Applied Science)
4
Cantu, Ruben A. "The role of weather in Class A Naval aviation mishaps FY 90-98." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA391038.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2001.Thesis advisor(s): Wash, Carlyle H.; Murphree, Tom. "March 2001." Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84). Also Available online.
5
Pispitsos, Stelios P. "Neural network for control signal reconstruction in non-linear systems with an application to aircraft dynamics." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=768.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 125 p. : ill. (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-95).
6
Triebe, Annette. "Die Behandlung sicherheitsrelevanter Ereignisse in der Zivilluftfahrt : Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Konfliktes der Beteiligten zwischeb Flugsicherheit und nachteiligen rechtlichen Konsequenzen /." Hamburg, Gremany : Kovač, 2009. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-4302-7.htm.
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Alahdal, Alhosain Abdullah. "Family support plan for Middle Eastern countries following aircraft accidents." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6850.
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Recent years have seen increasing acknowledgment that aircraft accidents
affect not only those who are killed or injured, but also the families and friends
of victims. Survivors, victims and their families require sensitive treatment in
order to help them cope with what has occurred. Following high profile
accidents including USAir 427 and TWA 800, the United State of America
started a new program which they call it Family Assistance after Air Disaster.
After that a several documents providing guidance for dealing with victims and
their families were published in Australia, the UK and the EU.
However, in the Middle East, there is no region-specific family assistance
guidance for dealing with aircraft accidents. As such, operators tend to use
plans which have been designed from a western perspective. This means that
the impact of culture, ethical sensitivities and religion have not been addressed
fully. This thesis explores the differences in dealing with the families of victims
after an accident in the Middle East focusing on the Muslim population.
Interviews were conducted with experts from airlines, family assistance
providers, religious leaders and victim support groups. These were
supplemented by a survey of passengers and family members in USA, Malaysia
and Saudi Arabia to compare and contrast the expectations and needs of those
who may be affected by an aircraft accident. Over 300 responses were received
and the data were validated through further expert interviews. The results
supported the findings of the literature review and matched with the bad
experiences documented within case study accidents such as the mid-air
collision involving Saudi Arabian Airlines flight 763. The study found that the
three factors are inextricably linked, with religion being a strong factor in
determining individual’s response to their loss; how they relate to others and the
type of support they should be given. Suggestions are made regarding the
design of a Family Assistance Centre, staff training, words that should / should
not be used; and to explain how people may react.
8
Kirkland, Ian D. "The risk assessment of aircraft runway overrun accidents and incidents." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13270.
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The UK Civil Aviation Authority has recognised the need for protection against the runway overrun over and above the standard protection recommended by ICAO. Normal protection for the aircraft is provided in ICAO's Annex 14 by the strip at the end of a runway, and a recommendation for the installation of a Runway End Safety Area (RESA). In the UK, the CAA has stated that as part of their safety management system the aerodrome licensee should review the RESA distance requirement for their individual circumstances on an annual basis through a risk assessment. However, current industry knowledge of circumstantial factors in runway overruns is limited. Also, current models that are used to determine likely overrun wreckage locations and RESA dimensions take no account of the operational conditions surrounding the overruns or the aerodrome being assessed. This study has attempted to address these needs by highlighting common factors present in overrun occurrences through the compilation and analysis of a database of runway overruns, and through the construction of a model of wreckage location that takes account of the conditions at an individual aerodrome. A model of overrun probability has been constructed and the consequences of an overrun have been examined. One outcome of the study is an awareness that the industry is in an extremely poor state of knowledge of operational characteristics of non-accident flights, which if not addressed will be a major barrier to future advancement of aviation safety improvement and research.
9
Poudel, Minesh. "Aircraft emergency evacuation : analysis, modelling and simulation." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20026.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’évacuation d’urgence des avions et plus particulièrement à la conception d’un simulateur numérique capable de représenter de façon réaliste ce processus afin de contribuer à la certification de configurations et de procédures d’évacuation d’urgence pour les avions gros porteurs. Cette thèse est composée de deux grandes parties. Dans la première partie, il s’est agi d’identifier le problème, de réaliser un état de l’art et de caractériser le comportement des passagers pendant l’évacuation. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse il s’est agi de concevoir les élément constitutifs d’un simulateur d’évacuation d’urgence des aéronefs. Après avoir analysé les modèles existants et revu les méthodes de modélisation des systèmes dynamiques cellulaires, le schéma conceptuel d’un tel simulateur a été développé. Le simulateur d’évacuation d’urgence a été conçu via UML en langage Java. En conclusion, les perspectives concernant la poursuite de cette étude sont présentéesThis thesis is about aircraft emergency evacuation and its principal objective is to establish a computational model able to simulate realistically it. This will contribute to the certification process of new aircraft emergency evacuation layouts and egress procedures for large capacity airliners. This thesis is composed of two main parts. In the first one, the main problem issues are identified, a state of the art in emergency evacuation from aircraft is realized and human behaviours during such an event are described. In the second part of this work, the elements of the emergency evacuation model are identified. After analysing existing models and different models of dynamic cellular systems, the conceptual model of this simulator is proposed. Its framework has been designed using UML and the routines are written in Java. Finally future research directions are given
10
The'berge, Marc W. "Three case studies of management information systems." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA238310.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Systems)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Haga, William J. Second Reader: Zviran, Moshe. "September 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on December 21, 2009. DTIC Identifier(s): Management Information Systems, Naval Operations, Data Bases, Instructional Materials, Decision Aids, Aviation Accidents, Antisubmarine Warfare, Naval Training, Local Area Networks, Theses. Author(s) subject terms: Case Studies, Database Management Systems, Local Area Networks, Decision Support. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.
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Mowery, Samuel P. "Enhancing the situational awareness of airfield local controllers." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FMowery.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.Thesis advisor(s): Russell B. Shilling, Gregory K. Mislick. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-68). Also available online.
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Halter, Marc Rémy. "Aviation insurance in international air transport." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99140.
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The thesis in the first part analyses the major international conventions with respect to liability exposure of airlines and aircraft operators performing international flights. Emphasis will be laid on the transportation of passengers, baggage and cargo and on the legal framework in place to award compensation for damages caused to persons and property on the surface of the earth.The study continues with an evaluation of natural hazards inherent to air transport and explains the typical standard aviation insurance policies and the scope of cover for the hull of the aircraft, for passengers and for third parties on the ground. Furthermore, an overview will be given of the 'extended exclusion clauses for Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)' commonly inserted in war risk insurance policies as a result of terrorist attacks.
Finally, this study will focus on the new insurance requirements implemented by the EU Regulation 785/2004 and its implication for air carriers.
13
Schoberg, Paul R. "Secure ground-based remote recording and archiving of aircraft "Black Box" data." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03sep%5FSchoberg.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Cynthia E. Irvine, Scott Cote. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-171). Also available online.
14
Toyama, Kenji. "Factors related to passenger and crew survivability in aircraft accidents in the United States." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/3620.
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Lamy, Christophe A. "The technical boards of aircraft accident investigation in the United States of America & France /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33065.
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In conformity with the principles laid down in article 26 of the Chicago Convention and its Annex 13 concerning technical aircraft accident investigations, the United States and France respectively set up and developed their own investigation Boards, the NTSB and the BEA, which may be different by their organization and functioning but both aim at the same objective: the promotion of Air Safety.To fulfil their complex mission in the best possible conditions and despite eventual pecuniary constraints, the pressure of the media, or the occasional tensions which may arise in case of concomitance with other investigations, the NTSB and the BEA rely on the renowned professionalism and high technical skills of their employees as well as on the participation in the investigation of members of the aeronautical industry who bring their expertise and contribute to the improvement of air safety.
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Yodmani, Suvongse. "The Warsaw System : a case for Thailand to ratify the Montreal Convention 1999 or not." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78232.
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The Warsaw Convention 1929 is the first international instrument relating to private international air law. It established a certain uniform set of regulations in the field of international carriage by air. This widely accepted Convention was later amended and supplemented by several instruments in order to adjust and adapt this uniform set of rules to the rapid growth of aviation industry. With the absence of consolidation, the result was total confusion created by the coexistence of multiple legal regimes of the Warsaw System. To modernize and consolidate the instruments of the Warsaw System into one single instrument, the Montreal Convention was adopted on May 28, 1999.The first two chapters of this thesis explore the Warsaw System and the Montreal Convention. The merits and demerits of the instruments are discussed as well as the future of the Montreal Convention 1999.
In the last chapter, the related legal regimes of Thailand are introduced. A comparative study of the Thai laws and the international Conventions are carried out, with a view to determine the advantages and disadvantages for Thailand of becoming a party to the Conventions governing the international carriage by air.
The conclusion is a call for Thailand to ratify the Montreal Convention 1999 which will soon come into force, as soon as possible.
17
Mills, William Douglas. "The association of aviator's health conditions, age, gender, and flight hours with aircraft accidents and incidents." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2005.
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18
Cowan, Shawn R. "A human systems integration perpective to evaluating Naval Aviation mishaps and developing intervention strategies." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FCowan.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Human Systems Integration)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): O'Connor, Paul E. Second Reader: Miller, Nita Lewis. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 27, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Naval Aviation, safety, mishap, human systems integration, human factors. Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-138). Also available in print.
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Falconer, Boyd Travis School of Aviation UNSW. "Attitudes to safety and organisational culture in Australian military aviation." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Aviation, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25751.
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This thesis describes original research that examines the extent to which organisational culture, and psychosocial aspects specifically, relate to individuals??? ???normal??? performance within Australian Defence Force (ADF) aviation. The primary rationale for the research relates to the ???safety record??? of ADF aviation, whereby more than fifty ???peace time??? fatalities have occurred in ADF aviation accidents since 1990 and many of these have links to organisational culture attributes. The secondary rationale relates to a more general perspective: previous research identifies human functioning in military aviation ??? more than any other aviation domain ??? as being dependent upon psychosocial attributes including interpersonal collaboration, communication and coordination. However, the depth to which such qualities impact the safety of a sociotechnical system remains substantially uncharted. This thesis firstly examines both scientific and Australian military literature on organisational behaviour, culture and human factors. Subsequently, it describes the design and implementation of a new 45-item questionnaire ??? the Australian Defence Force Aviation Questionnaire (ADFAQ). More than four hundred ADF aircrew and engineers completed the ADFAQ. The data analysis involved quantitative and qualitative consideration of survey responses and comparisons between numerous demographic criteria. Following this, the thesis describes the design and implementation of an interview study that was designed to both cross-examine key ADFAQ results and explore more deeply other issues that were only superficially identified by the (largely psychometric) composition of the ADFAQ. The research results offer three main contributions to scientific knowledge. These relate to: (1) the efficacy of triangulated and contextualised methodology in building an understanding of organisational culture; (2) the nature of the safety culture concept and its relationship with organisational culture; and (3) rank-based homogeneity of attitudes. This research shows that survey methodologies are not a panacea, but they can illuminate the nature of attitudes to safety and provide empirical guidance for other methods to explore more deeply the cultural roots of such attitudes and associated behaviours.
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González, Jeanny Romero. "The survival of the Warsaw system and the new Montreal convention governing certain rules for international carriage by air : are the conflicts solved?" Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81473.
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The year 2003 marks the entering into force of the new Montreal Convention governing certain rules for international carriage by air. This, however, does not mean that the international community, including States, air carriers and their agents, passengers, shippers and consignors, insurance companies and the legal community in general (specially aviation lawyers and judges) shall only rely on this instrument. The Warsaw Convention and its complementary instruments, known as the Warsaw System, is still applicable and in certain circumstances, may be the only existing relation binding States and air carriers, especially in terms of liability and compensatory damages arising from an accident or delay. Good knowledge of the conflicts that may arise within the existing international legal framework is an asset for a successful civil aviation case consultancy or trial.
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Lee, Jae Woon 1979. "The concepts of "accident " and "bodily injury" in private international air law /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99143.
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Article 17 in the Warsaw Convention 1929, the core provision to all liability for passenger injury and death, has been the most litigated Article of the Warsaw Convention. The main reason for this is that the Warsaw Convention, the axis of private international air law, unfortunately did not provide clear definitions regarding "accident" and "bodily injury" in the Article 17. Its amendments, the Hague Protocol 1955 and the Guatemala Protocol 1971, did not succeed in clarifying the meanings. Although the Montreal Conference 1999 witnessed strong debates regarding the amendment of Article 17, the Montreal Convention 1999 did not succeed in changing Article 17. Since the Warsaw System did not provide definitions of "accident" and "bodily injury", each State has interpreted the two terms individually. Inconsistency in interpreting "accident" and "bodily injury" has emerged, since every State has a different jurisprudence. This phenomenon has created confusion in the international air transport community. In order to clear up the confusion, the International Civil Aviation Organization should amend Article 17 to specify and clarify the terms: "accident" and "bodily injury", while balancing the interests of all parties in the international air transport community.
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Naji, Alaa A. "Diyah as a third dimension to air carrier liability conventions." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103150.
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This abstract is written on the 11th of September 2006---the fifth anniversary of the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon by Al-Qaeda. These attacks are taken to be a turning point in the relationship between Islam and the West. For the author, these attacks, the overwhelming counter-attacks by some of the western states on some Islamic states, as well as the endless Palestinian-Israeli disputes, are the result of misunderstanding and misconceptions that Islam and the West have of each other.While politics and politicians are destroying means of communication amongst these nations by the creation of such a state of war, scholars should exert their best efforts to build bridges of understanding and tolerance.
This thesis is but a single brick in the much needed bridge of communication and understanding between the great civilisations of west and east. It seeks to show how the world's various legal traditions can benefit from each other. It attempts to do so by introducing the Islamic system of diyah and showing how it can interplay with and impact on the interpretation of international law. The example chosen is the existing set of air carrier liability conventions. 9/11 reminds us that attacks on air transport have been a chosen means of sowing conflict.
Yet peaceful use of air transport is among the most practical ties that bind the world together. Air carrier liability conventions render international air transport possible. The thesis shows how Islamic diyah can productively interact with these conventions. It can act as a median point at which the two extremes of the Warsaw System prescribing limited liability and the Montreal Convention prescribing unlimited liability can meet. The thesis shows as well how diyah can provide a useful methodology for integrating air carrier contractual and extra-contractual liability regimes.
To assist the reader unfamiliar with Islamic-fiqh, the thesis it is divided into two parts. The first is devoted to an introduction to Islamic-fiqh, and the second treats the interaction of diyah with the air carrier liability conventions.
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Amana, Idorenyin Edet. "The Montreal convention of 1999 : problems and prospects." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32793.
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After international transportation by air became a reality, the need to fashion out an appropriate global regime to govern the new relationships created by this development led to the signing of the Warsaw Convention in 1929. As time went on, the need to adjust this original Convention to contemporary technological and legal realities necessitated the enactment of several other instruments that were not new Conventions in themselves, but were merely welded to the original 1929 Convention. With the absence of consolidation, the undesirable result was total confusion created by the concurrent operation of the multiple regimes of the Warsaw System. The overwhelming need to modernise and consolidate all instruments of the Warsaw system into a single uniform text culminated in the signing of the Montreal Convention on 28 May 1999.This thesis attempts to x-ray the Montreal Convention in the light of its potentials to alleviate the numerous problems of the Warsaw system, including the prospects of its ratification. In the same vein, the inherent deficiencies and imperfections of this new instrument, which might militate against its ratification, have been overtly highlighted for reference. This treatise also analysed the need for developing and African nations to ratify the new convention notwithstanding that their interests were given minimal considerations. The conclusion is a call to all nations, particularly the US, to ratify this new convention without further procrastination, in order to enable it come into force without further delay, lest it become just another relic in the kitty of the very Warsaw System that it sought to replace.
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Alhoudail, Mamdouh Ali. "Air carrier liability : unfinished unification of private international air law." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98601.
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On 31 November 2003 the 1999 Montreal Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air entered into force. Its purpose was to consolidate and modernize the Warsaw system and to reunify the provisions of several international instruments of private international air law under one legal instrument. The Montreal Convention consolidates the positive elements of the Warsaw Convention, the Hague Protocol, the Guadalajara Convention, the Guatemala City Protocol and Additional Protocol Numbers 3 and 4. It also simplifies and modernizes the requirements of documentation relating to the carriage by air of passengers, baggage and cargo. Most importantly, the Montreal Convention modernizes of the liability regime for death and injury to passengers by adopting the passenger liability regime in the IATA Inter-carrier Agreement. It also modernizes the liability regime for damage to baggage and cargo and the delay. In spite of the foregoing, the Montreal Convention fails to advance the unification of private international air law any further than the Warsaw Convention.This thesis analyzes the provisions of liability regimes under the Warsaw System and the 1999 Montreal Convention. Chapter one studies the liability regime established under the original Warsaw Convention and the subsequent attempts by states, air carriers and other interested entities to update it. Chapter two analyzes the new regime of unlimited liability established by the 1999 Montreal Convention. Chapter three examines the liability of the air carrier for damage caused by terrorist activities. In an effort to demonstrate the innovative elements of the new Convention and to encourage states to ratify it, chapter four surveys the main benefits that have accrued to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its national air carrier upon ratification of the 1999 Montreal Convention.
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Serrao, Jacqueline Etil. "The Montreal Convention of 1999 : a "well-worn" restructuring of liability and jurisdiction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64304.pdf.
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Jones, Douglas W. "An evaluation of the effectiveness of U.S. Naval Aviation Crew Resource Management training programs a reassessment for the twenty-first century operating environment." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Ft. Belvior, VA : Alexandria, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available to the public through the Defense Technical Information Center ; National Technical Information Service [distributor], 2009. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/.
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Thesis (M.S. in Human Systems Integration)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006."June 2009." Thesis advisor: Paul E. O'Connor. Performed by the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Calif. "Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Human Systems Integration from the Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009."--P. iii. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online from the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), Dudley Knox Library Web site and the DTIC Online Web site.
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Warriner, Vanessa. "La responsabilité des controleurs aériens dans les systèmes américain et français /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30804.
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At the international level, standards and recommended practices adopted by the ICAO have settled the general framework followed by States in the provision of ATC services. However, as those international instruments have no binding effect, liability of air traffic controllers is governed by national regulations. Therefore, if in both the United States and France the liability regime is based on fault, nevertheless the nature of the fault and the one of the duties of air traffic controllers, as determined by the courts of each States, differ. This lack of uniformity is also obvious regarding the comparison between controllers' and pilots' liabilities. To mitigate the consequences of the deficiency of harmonisation, taking into account technical improvements inherent to the field of ATC and, broadly, to air navigation, two solutions have been suggested. The first one, Free flight, is still under study whereby the second one, privatisation, has already been successfully implemented in several countries and, while being strongly considered by the French government, has by now been initiated by the American one. However, we will have no option but to ascertain that such solutions will not solve the problem pertaining to disparities of regulations and holding of the courts on the matter of air traffic controllers' liability.
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Mauritz, Adriaan Jeroen. "Liability of the operators and owners of aircraft for damage inflicted to persons and property on the surface /." Maastricht : Shaker publ, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410624384.
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Yeun, Richard Chee Kin. "The Impact of Safety Management Systems on Safety Performance: Commercial Aviation Operations." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367145.
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Aviation is a complex and safety-critical industry. Although the aviation system is one that cannot be completely free of hazards and associated risks, the final goal is always the elimination of aircraft accidents and/or serious incidents. Because there are no guarantees that human activities or human-built systems will be completely free from operational errors and their consequences, safety has to be a dynamic characteristic of the aviation system where risks to safety need to be constantly mitigated.
The acceptabilit y of safety performance is frequently predisposed by domestic as well as international norms and culture. Provided safety risks are kept under an appropriate level, the aviation system can be expected to maintain the appropriate balance between production and protection. Previous research has shown that organisations with a certified safety management system (SMS) had significantly lower accident rates (Thomas, 2012). However, there was no agreement about which SMS components individually contributed most to safety performance, as well as a general lack of consistency in terms of which SMS elements most affected safety performance.
Therefore, this study seeks to determine the impact of SMSs on safety performance for commercial aviation operations using two case studies. The first case study looks at SMSs within the general aviation/charter operation sector while the second case study reviews SMSs for the airline sector of the industry. This study starts with a review of the evolution of aviation safety, and of the approaches taken to implement, improve and enhance safet y in safety-critical industries such as aviation, nuclear, marine, rail and petrochemical. Variations were identified between the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) SMS model and the models adopted by some ICAO member states. The experience of implementing an SMS in Australia for regular public transport or airline-type operations was reviewed by this study together with a review of the independent Australian National Audit Office (ANAO) post-SMS implementation audit to seek out lessons learnt and recommendations for continuous improvements.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Natural Sciences
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Peckham, Rachael S. "Where the Watchers Wait." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1241107481.
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Semones, Gary I. "Maintenance mishap investigation course." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/418.
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Whipple, Julie Doran. "Crash Course: The Decisions That Brought Down United Flight 173." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2364.
Full textAbstract:
In December 1978, United Airlines Flight 173 arriving in Portland from Denver with 189 people aboard crash-landed in a suburb at 157th and East Burnside. Ten people were killed and dozens more were injured. The jet ran out of fuel after it had circled for an hour while the crew tried to determine what was wrong with the right main landing gear, which had fallen with a huge double jolt on extension.
The investigation that followed the crash placed the blame squarely on the pilot for his negligence in failing to monitor his fuel supply, and secondarily on his crew members, who failed to adequately communicate their concerns about it. The accident was a watershed event in what would become known in the airline industry as crew resource management, a communication model designed to reduce human error by fostering collaborative decision-making and assertiveness training.
In the years that have followed the accident, very little has changed in the narrative surrounding it. Articles and docudramas on the plane crash consistently repeat the tale as is, blaming the pilot and shedding no light on the factors that led to the in-flight emergency or on United's role in contributing to the crash.
This thesis is a "cold-case" investigation that reveals those contributing factors, which have been so thoroughly ignored. In the words of renowned attorney F. Lee Bailey, "The rule of law requires that all parties who contribute to an accident share in the responsibility for whatever harm has been caused." This is the untold story of all the decisions that brought down United Flight 173, and of the responsibilities heretofore overlooked.
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Guelfi, Audrey. "Implications of code-sharing agreements on air carriers' liability." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31161.
Full textAbstract:
Recognised as an excellent tool for competition in the current liberalised framework of international air transport, code-sharing is becoming a common practice, as an integral part of the activity of an airline, with obvious implications for both airlines and passengers.This thesis presents two predominant legal implications of such a practice, involving two carriers for a single flight: the contracting carrier and the operating carrier.
First, this study aims at examining the relationship between users/passengers and code-share partners, more particularly identifying the practice as misleading due to the non-disclosure of the actual operator of the flight, which is magnified by the inaccuracy and shortcomings of computerised reservation systems (CRS). The regulatory framework in this regard is described and the legal obligation to disclose the identity of the actual carrier is given top priority. The delimitation of operational responsibilities will also be addressed (inadmissible passengers, overbooking and baggage concerns). The private agreement between the code-share partners will be given importance in ascertaining the liability issues.
Second, the current international liability regime is analysed with a view to consider the code-sharing scenario. The potential conflict between the different international legal regimes governing air carriers' liability is highlighted in order that this aspect be taken into account by the code-share partners in their contractual agreement.
Last but not least, some provisions of the new Montreal Convention of 28 May 1999 will be examined. A closer look will be given specifically to those provisions of Chapter V that are particularly applicable to a code-sharing situation.
34
Huang, Yu-Hui. "Crisis management : a case study of China Airlines' 1998 crash in Taiwan." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1231402.
Full textAbstract:
The researcher conducted a case study analysis of China Airlines' crisis management during its 1998 crash in Taiwan, the worst in the airport's history.The researcher looked for evidence of Gonzalez-Herrero and Pratt's crisis theory in China Airlines' crisis management by identifying the following parts of the theory: issue management, planning prevention, the crisis, and the post-crisis.The researcher sought to suggest the use of Gonzalez-Herrero and Pratt's crisis theory in the formative research of China Airlines crisis management and to help public relations planners in the airline industry understand how crisis management incorporating Gonzalez-Herrero and Pratt's crisis theory could be presented and disseminated.Procedures began with collection of facts and interviews with the key public relations personnel of China Airlines. Next, the researcher applied Gonzalez-Herrero and Pratt's crisis theory to the China Airlines case for analysis. In addition, by viewing the other two airlines crash cases, this study provided a comparison of their crisis management strategies.The researcher followed Miles and Huberman's (1994) guidelines for addressing reliability and validity.Recommendations for improving China air's crisis management would be to use issue management, planning prevention, the crisis, and the post-crisis, the four steps of Gonzalez-Herrero and Pratt's crisis theory, for managing crises. The researcher also recommends periodical internal drills for different crises, and establishment of organizational legitimacy and authority.Limitations of the study included the legitimacy of qualitative research, that the study included the legitimacy of qualitative research, thus the study may not be considered a case study in the strictest sense, and that crisis management did not intentionally incorporate the process of Gonzalez-Herrero and Pratt's crisis theory in China Airlines' crisis management because of the company's culture issue.Further research on the China Airlines' crisis management should be conducted to evaluate its effectiveness and the culture issue.Department of Journalism
35
Wong, Ka Yick. "The modelling of accident frequency using risk exposure data for the assessment of airport safety areas." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7964.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis makes significant contributions to improving the use of Airport Safety Areas (ASAs) as aviation accident risk mitigation measures by developing improved accident frequency models and risk assessment methodologies. In recent years, the adequacy of ASAs such as the Runway End Safety Area and Runway Safety Area has come under increasing scrutiny. The current research found flaws in the existing ASA regulations and airport risk assessment techniques that lead to the provision of inconsistent safety margins at airports and runways. The research was based on a comprehensive database of ASA-related accidents, which was matched by a representative sample of normal operations data, such that the exposure to a range of operational and meteorological risk factors between accident and normal flights could be compared. On this basis, the criticality of individual risk factors was quantified and accident frequency models were developed using logistic regression. These models have considerably better predictive power compared to models used by previous airport risk assessments. An improved risk assessment technique was developed coupling the accident frequency models with accident location data, yielding distributions that describe the frequency of accidents that reach specific distances beyond the runway end or centreline given the risk exposure profile of the particular runway. The application of the proposed methodology was demonstrated in two case studies. Specific recommendations on ASA dimensions were made for achieving consistent levels of safety on each side of the runway. Advances made in this study have implications on the overall assessment and management of risks at airports.
36
Bensoussan, Denis. "GNSS and Galileo Liability Aspects." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=93845.
Full textAbstract:
In the next coming years global satellite navigation systems (GNSS) will make part of our daily life, as the world is becoming "GNSS-dependant in the same way that it has become Internet-dependant". Indeed, more than ten years folowing the opening up to civilians of satellite-based navigation systems initially designed for military purposes, civil satellite navigation applications are becoming more and more numerous. The potential benefits have proven enormous in terms of transport safety and efficiency as well as for non-transport-related industries.Dans les toutes prochaines années, les systèmes globaux de navigation par satellite (GNSS) feront partie intégrante de notre vie quotidienne. En effet, un peu plus de dix ans après la libéralisation de l'accès des civils aux systèmes de navigation par satellite initialement conçus à des fins militaires, les applications civiles permises par la navigation par satellite sont de plus en plus nombreuses et les bénéfices potentiels sont énormes en matière de sécurité et d'efficacité des transports comme pour d'autres secteurs et industries. fr
37
McClernon, Christopher K. "Stress effects on transfer from virtual environment flight training to stressful flight environments." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA501682.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertation (Ph.D. in Modeling, Virtual Environments, and Simulation)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Dissertation supervisor: McCauley, Michael E. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2009. DTIC Identifiers: Flight simulator, virtual environment, human physiology, transfer of training, human performance, stress coping, stress exposure training. Author(s) subject terms: Stress, training, transfer of training, flight simulator, virtual environment, human physiology, human performance, strain, stress coping, stress exposure training. Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-170). Also available in print.
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Dahman, Tariq. "Communication strategies in times of crisis a case study analysis in the airline industry /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06232008-093628/.
Full text
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Aguilar, Cortés Carlos Ezequiel. "Air carrier liability and automation issues." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78196.
Full textAbstract:
Our intended topic is a general discussion of the basic elements of liability related to airline accidents to which fully automated cockpits have constituted an associated contributory factor. In addition we addressed the liability of air carriers arising from injuries or death caused to passengers traveling on international flights. For this purpose, we reviewed the Warsaw System and the different international instruments that constitute it. We also reviewed principles of common law applicable to aircraft manufacturers and the "Free Flight" as an example of the growing automation environment, which is a general benefit to commercial aviation but also a likely contributory cause for accidents in particular cases. In the last part we briefly discuss a personal view regarding the interplay between manufacturers and airlines under the 1999 Montreal Convention, which is an international treaty unifying the desegregated Warsaw System into one single instrument that is expected to enter into force in a few years.
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Andrzejczak, Chris. "A study of factors contributing to self-reported anomalies in civil aviation." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4521.
Full textAbstract:
A study investigating what factors are present leading to pilots submitting voluntary anomaly reports regarding their flight performance was conducted. The study employed statistical methods, text mining, clustering, and dimensional reduction techniques in an effort to determine relationships between factors and anomalies. A review of the literature was conducted to determine what factors are contributing to these anomalous incidents, as well as what research exists on human error, its causes, and its management. Data from the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) was analyzed using traditional statistical methods such as frequencies and multinomial logistic regression. Recently formalized approaches in text mining such as Knowledge Based Discovery (KBD) and Literature Based Discovery (LBD) were employed to create associations between factors and anomalies. These methods were also used to generate predictive models. Finally, advances in dimensional reduction techniques identified concepts or keywords within records, thus creating a framework for an unsupervised document classification system. Findings from this study reinforced established views on contributing factors to civil aviation anomalies. New associations between previously unrelated factors and conditions were also found. Dimensionality reduction also demonstrated the possibility of identifying salient factors from unstructured text records, and was able to classify these records using these identified features.ID: 029050666; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 168-174).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
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Boston, Nathalie. "Hazards awareness for aircraft accident investigators." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6862.
Full textAbstract:
Hazards on accident sites are such that investigators must balance personal safety
against the risks involved in collecting evidence intended to prevent future loss of life.
Better knowledge of hazards and their mitigation could reconcile these conflicting
objectives to a point at which risk might be no greater than in other workplaces.
Nevertheless, the magnitude and nature of the hazards at any accident site cannot be
determined in advance.
The perceptions of novice accident investigators of potential hazards are not greatly
different from the realities encountered by experienced investigators, although the
former tend to focus on general health and safety issues, while experienced investigators
are more aware of hazards arising from aircraft systems and materials. Experienced
investigators reported most of the hazards they encountered over six years as arising
within a narrow range of hazard categories - yet they must be prepared to carry out
thorough investigations while protecting themselves against all hazards, including those
encountered very infrequently.
Both generic and dynamic risk assessments are important in protecting investigators and
the integrity of evidence. The ongoing management of an investigation in the field
involves a continuous and iterative cycle: identification of hazards, determination of
exposure, assessment of risk, introduction of controls, review and assessment of
remaining risk, and identification and management of residual hazard. Lives and
evidence depend upon the quality of this process.
At present, great reliance is placed on personal protection equipment as a control on
hazards. Observation of participants in training programmes has identified instances of
poor selection and ineffective use of such equipment to the extent that it has provided
no protection.
The thesis points to required further directions in the training of investigators - an
investment which will yield its dividend in the prevention of future accidents and loss of
life.
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Martin, Wayne Leslie. "Pathological Behaviours in Pilots during Unexpected Critical Events: The Effects of Startle, Freeze and Denial on Situation Outcome." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366319.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last 40 years significant advances in aviation technology have contributed strongly to improvements in aviation safety. Recent figures suggest that fourth generation aircraft are now achieving fatal accident rates in the order of 10-7 and ongoing work continues to improve this rate. Significant improvements in engine and systems reliability, coupled with safety technologies such as Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning (EGPWS), Airborne Collision Avoidance Systems (ACAS), Global Positioning System (GPS), and Vertical Situation Displays (VSD) have contributed to reductions in accident rates. Additionally, initiatives such as RNAV and RNP (AR) approaches continue to improve non-precision approach accuracy and safety while air traffic control improvements continue to accommodate this increased safety as aircraft traffic continues to grow strongly.
Nevertheless, the reliability engendered by all these incremental improvements to safety has a downside. While pilots in the earlier years of airline transport had a healthy expectation for engine and systems failures, the modern airline pilot does not necessarily share this. Indeed, the modern airline aircraft is so reliable, and failures are so rare, that pilots are now unwittingly conditioned into an expectation of unwavering reliability. This unintentional complacency means that attention to emergency procedures and an expectation for dealing with real malfunctions is not as well honed as it perhaps once was.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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Carvalho, Roberta Godinho de. "Aircraft crashworthiness: proposal of accident investigation checklist." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2003. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=549.
Full textAbstract:
Crashworthiness can be defined as the ability of the airplane in protecting its occupants in crash situations. This concept is only applicable in accidents that are survivable, that is, accidents for which the decelerations peaks are into human tolerance limits. There is na international concern about flight safety, because statistics show that the number of accidents per flight departures hás been Constant since 1975 despite the associated efforts in technology and crew training. Then, assuming this scenario of constant accident rate, the form found by researchers, manufacturers and authorities to protect the passengers in the accidents hás been to invest in the aircraft protection capability. A crashworthiness accident investigation can recover information about the aircraft behavior submitted by impact, and can supply the design team with the necessary information in case of a redesign that seeks safety improvement. This work proposes a crashworthiness investigation checklist that is structured according to the methodology presented by National Transportation Safety Board, and the goal is to establish investigative techniques that can facilitate the collection and analysis of crashworthiness data for accidents occurring in commercial aviation.
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Beaven, Stephen W. "Rebound: The Resurrection of a Hometown Team." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1182.
Full textAbstract:
On Dec. 13, 1977, the University of Evansville men's basketball team, its coaches and other university employees were killed in a plane crash at Dress Regional Airport on the city's north side. Months later, a brash outsider named Dick Walters began rebuilding the basketball program. Four years later, he led the Purple Aces to the school's first Division 1 NCAA tournament. This thesis explores the relationship between the town and the team in the years after the crash.
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Wong, Brian 1982 Nov 11. "A STAMP model of the Überlingen aircraft collision accident." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28861.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 69).
STAMP is a method for evaluating accidents that is based on systems theory. It departs from traditional event chain models that tend to focus on human errors instead of the goals and motives that triggered the errors. The thesis presents a STAMP model of the mid-air collision that occurred on July 1, 2002 near Uberlingen, Germany. This model focuses on the air traffic controller in charge of the aircraft that collided and the surrounding central environment at ACC Zurich, which was the ATC center controlling the aircraft at the time. First the components in the system are analyzed to determine their roles in the system and to identify the safety-related issues. Next, the interactions of the components and the resulting communications failure are studied. Conclusions as to the causes of the accident are presented. A system dynamics model of the control room environment is constructed and studied to determine how the issues relating to the accident developed over time. Finally, the findings from the STAMP model are summarized and recommendations are made based on the analysis. The recommendations based on the model agree with those of the official accident investigation report; in addition, several new recommendations are made.
by Brian Wong.
S.M.
46
Durand, Claudie Jennifer. "Aircraft accident investigation : the need for a stronger international regime." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69749.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to examine the international regime governing aircraft accident investigation while focusing on its various shortcomings and weaknesses.Weakened by the international legal nature of the Chicago Convention and by limitations voluntarily inflicted by its authors, Article 26 of the Convention and Annex 13 are unable to offer aircraft accident investigation a sufficient basis for a reliable and unified legal regime.
Consequently, the questions pertaining to accident investigation are regulated by the various domestic laws, which leads to unavoidable conflicts of interests and tends to ruin the effort of co-operation.
Although envisaged under a bilateral or regional form, a global approach to safety of civil aviation should be favoured to solve these conflicts and strengthen the current legal regime. Such international co-operation seems to stand better chances of achievement within the International Civil Aviation Organisation.
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Abousuwa, Ali Ahmed. "Liability in private international air law for aircraft repair caused accident." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63393.
Full text
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Fennell, Pamela Joanne. "Factors influencing performance of aircraft safety procedures and perceptions of accident survivability." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1992. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11037.
Full textAbstract:
The primary objectives of the research programme described in this thesis ( and commissioned by the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority) were to evaluate the effectiveness of safety cards for communicating safety information to passengers and to assess the influence of possible alternative styles of safety briefing on passenger attention. These objectives were investigated in two separate simulated pre-warned ditching situations on board a stationary aircraft. Participants' knowledge of the less complicated aspects of safety information, such as the location of oxygen masks or how to inflate the lifejacket, was generally high but comprehension of more complex procedures, such as the correct method of donning the lifejacket, was more limited. A visual demonstration was shown to significantly increase the likelihood that participants would know the correct method of donning the lifejacket, operating the oxygen mask and adopting the brace position correctly. A number of human factors problems, most frequently due to lack of specific information, were also identified as adversely affecting participants' ability to carry out safety procedures. Passengers' motivation to pay attention to safety information would be likely to be enhanced if briefings were more meaningful to them, for example, personalised and less repetitive, or if they were given the opportunity to practise safety procedures in a low stress situation. Participants' opinions indicated that emphasis on the importance of passengers knowing how to operate i terns of safety equipment would not put the majority of passengers off flying and would be likely to encourage attention to safety briefings and cards. The evaluation of the safety cards and briefings indicated that no one card or briefing was more effective overall. Some general principles for the design of safety cards have been suggested, such as the consultation with non-aviation personnel when designing safety cards and the inclusion of brief statements to explain complex procedures. The lack of major differences between the safety briefings may be attributable to the conventional manner in which they were presented suggesting that a different type of presentation style, for example one which personalises or makes the information more meaningful to passengers, would be more likely to encourage attention. A secondary objective of the thesis was to explore the influence of perceived locus of control on passenger comprehension of safety information and on their perceptions of aircraft accident survivability. This was investigated in a survey of airline passengers in addition to the two simulated ditchings. Analysis of a specifically designed locus of control questionnaire indicated that locus of control had only a slight influence on participants' knowledge of safety information and on their perceptions of aircraft accident survivability. The dominant cultural image of aircraft accidents as being non-survivable would appear to obscure any possible influence of locus of control as a predictor of passenger emergency behaviour. Locus of control would appear to be more effectively utilised in situations where cultural definitions are less dominant and perceptions of chance and skill influences are more equally balanced. Air travel was considered to be the safest form of transport but aircraft accidents were perceived to be less survivable than accidents involving other forms of transport. Participants also tended to underestimate their chances of survival in a range of potential aircraft accident situations. In order to improve the accuracy of passengers' perceptions of aircraft accident survivability a more realistic image of aircraft safety is needed. The stability of perceptions of locus of control and the survivability of aircraft accidents observed in the participant groups indicates that attitudes and beliefs are firmly entrenched in the general population and that major efforts will be required to influence attitudes and beliefs. Any attempt to change attitudes towards aircraft accident survivability would need to begin with improving the media image as the media are the most influential information source in forming public opinion regarding accident survivability.
49
Alsrisari, Sami Mohammed. "Measuring the independence of aircraft accident investigation authorities in ICAO Member States." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8398.
Full textAbstract:
This project examines the safety management of civil aircraft accident investigation authorities in International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Member States, with particular emphasis on the independence of the investigations. The research aims to establish the current level of resources and methodology adopted by Member States’ accident investigation authorities. The output of this work not only identifies the current situation but informs initiatives for some of the States in the process of establishing their investigation capability.
ICAO Annex 13 was analysed and found to be based on the principle of independent accident investigations. Also, a four dimensional measuring index (4DMI) has been developed to measure the independence of accident investigations in ICAO Member States. Data were collected from 45 States and are presented in the thesis. As a result of applying the 4DMI to the collected data, the States were ranked according to their scores, and divided into four categories of independence. Analysis of the four categories and the scores from the four dimensions revealed that States approach the concept of investigation independence in different ways; however, there are several practices that are common within the highest independence category and several other practices that are common within the lowest independence category.
The research recommends that States should work towards improving their overall investigation independence by implementing the seven identified practices in the High-Independence category and distance themselves from the five practices identified as common in the Low-Independence category.
50
Fennel, P. J. "Factors influencing performance of aircraft safety procedures and perceptions of accident survivability." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1992. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11037.
Full textAbstract:
The primary objectives of the research programme described
in this thesis ( and commissioned by the United Kingdom
Civil Aviation Authority) were to evaluate the
effectiveness of safety cards for communicating safety
information to passengers and to assess the influence of
possible alternative styles of safety briefing on passenger
attention. These objectives were investigated in two
separate simulated pre-warned ditching situations on board
a stationary aircraft.
Participants' knowledge of the less complicated aspects of
safety information, such as the location of oxygen masks or
how to inflate the lifejacket, was generally high but
comprehension of more complex procedures, such as the
correct method of donning the lifejacket, was more limited.
A visual demonstration was shown to significantly increase
the likelihood that participants would know the correct
method of donning the lifejacket, operating the oxygen mask
and adopting the brace position correctly.
A number of human factors problems, most frequently due to
lack of specific information, were also identified as
adversely affecting participants' ability to carry out
safety procedures. Passengers' motivation to pay attention
to safety information would be likely to be enhanced if
briefings were more meaningful to them, for example,
personalised and less repetitive, or if they were given the
opportunity to practise safety procedures in a low stress
situation. Participants' opinions indicated that emphasis
on the importance of passengers knowing how to operate
i terns of safety equipment would not put the majority of
passengers off flying and would be likely to encourage
attention to safety briefings and cards.
The evaluation of the safety cards and briefings indicated
that no one card or briefing was more effective overall.
Some general principles for the design of safety cards have
been suggested, such as the consultation with non-aviation
personnel when designing safety cards and the inclusion of
brief statements to explain complex procedures. The lack
of major differences between the safety briefings may be
attributable to the conventional manner in which they were
presented suggesting that a different type of presentation
style, for example one which personalises or makes the
information more meaningful to passengers, would be more
likely to encourage attention.
A secondary objective of the thesis was to explore the
influence of perceived locus of control on passenger
comprehension of safety information and on their
perceptions of aircraft accident survivability. This was
investigated in a survey of airline passengers in addition
to the two simulated ditchings.
Analysis of a specifically designed locus of control
questionnaire indicated that locus of control had only a
slight influence on participants' knowledge of safety
information and on their perceptions of aircraft accident
survivability. The dominant cultural image of aircraft
accidents as being non-survivable would appear to obscure
any possible influence of locus of control as a predictor
of passenger emergency behaviour. Locus of control would
appear to be more effectively utilised in situations where
cultural definitions are less dominant and perceptions of
chance and skill influences are more equally balanced.
Air travel was considered to be the safest form of
transport but aircraft accidents were perceived to be less
survivable than accidents involving other forms of
transport. Participants also tended to underestimate their
chances of survival in a range of potential aircraft
accident situations. In order to improve the accuracy of
passengers' perceptions of aircraft accident survivability
a more realistic image of aircraft safety is needed. The
stability of perceptions of locus of control and the
survivability of aircraft accidents observed in the
participant groups indicates that attitudes and beliefs are
firmly entrenched in the general population and that major
efforts will be required to influence attitudes and
beliefs. Any attempt to change attitudes towards aircraft
accident survivability would need to begin with improving
the media image as the media are the most influential
information source in forming public opinion regarding
accident survivability.