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1
Benshemesh, JS, and WB Emison. "Surveying malleefowl breeding densities using an airborne thermal scanner." Wildlife Research 23, no. 2 (1996): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960121.
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When malleefowl, Leipoa ocellata (Megapodiidae), open their incubator-nests (mounds), relatively high temperatures are exposed, providing the possibility of sensing mounds remotely with an airborne thermal scanner. The feasibility of using this technique for surveying malleefowl populations was evaluated by conducting a test scan over four sites where the locations of active mounds were known, and by a groundbased study that examined the factors associated with the time and frequency of mound opening by the birds. In all, 26% of known active mounds were detected on 'quick-look prints' produced by the scanner. Detailed image analysis revealed further mounds and showed that all mounds detected were unambiguously indicated by maximum pixel temperature. The ground-based study showed that weather conditions in spring were poor predictors of mound-opening behaviour. However, the opening time of mounds was positively correlated the date, suggesting that scans would be most successful early in spring. In summer, the mound-opening behaviour of malleefowl differed markedly from that in spring; fewer mounds were opened on summer mornings and opening times were later and were strongly correlated to weather variables (but not with date). Using the ground-based data to model the probable success of scans under differing conditions, we estimate that scans covering 90 km2 (90 min duration) would detect up to 36% of active mounds on cloudy mornings in mid-October, compared with about 25% in mid-November and about 15% in summer. Repeated scans would substantially increase detection rates. We conclude that the technique is feasible, cost-effective and capable of vast coverage, although further development is required before broad-scale application.
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Sobrino, José A., Juan C. Jiménez-Muñoz, Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada, Guadalupe Sepulcre-Cantó, and Eduardo de Miguel. "Land surface temperature derived from airborne hyperspectral scanner thermal infrared data." Remote Sensing of Environment 102, no. 1-2 (May 2006): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.02.001.
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Kirkland, Laurel, Kenneth Herr, Eric Keim, Paul Adams, John Salisbury, John Hackwell, and Allan Treiman. "First use of an airborne thermal infrared hyperspectral scanner for compositional mapping." Remote Sensing of Environment 80, no. 3 (June 2002): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(01)00323-6.
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Richter, Rudolf. "Derivation of temperature and emittance from airborne multispectral thermal infrared scanner data." Infrared Physics & Technology 35, no. 6 (October 1994): 817–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1350-4495(94)90011-6.
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Hanuš, J., T. Fabiánek, and L. Fajmon. "POTENTIAL OF AIRBORNE IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY AT CZECHGLOBE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 2, 2016): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-15-2016.
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Ecosystems, their services, structures and functions are affected by complex environmental processes, which are both natural and human-induced and globally changing. In order to understand how ecosystems behave in globally changing environment, it is important to monitor the current status of ecosystems and their structural and functional changes in time and space. An essential tool allowing monitoring of ecosystems is remote sensing (RS). Many ecosystems variables are being translated into a spectral response recorded by RS instruments. It is however important to understand the complexity and synergies of the key ecosystem variables influencing the reflected signal. This can be achieved by analysing high resolution RS data from multiple sources acquired simultaneously from the same platform. Such a system has been recently built at CzechGlobe - Global Change Research Institute (The Czech Academy of Sciences). <br><br> CzechGlobe has been significantly extending its research infrastructure in the last years, which allows advanced monitoring of ecosystem changes at hierarchical levels spanning from molecules to entire ecosystems. One of the CzechGlobe components is a laboratory of imaging spectroscopy. The laboratory is now operating a new platform for advanced remote sensing observations called FLIS (Flying Laboratory of Imaging Spectroscopy). FLIS consists of an airborne carrier equipped with passive RS systems. The core instrument of FLIS is a hyperspectral imaging system provided by Itres Ltd. The hyperspectral system consists of three spectroradiometers (CASI 1500, SASI 600 and TASI 600) that cover the reflective spectral range from 380 to 2450 nm, as well as the thermal range from 8 to 11.5 μm. The airborne platform is prepared for mounting of full-waveform laser scanner Riegl-Q780 as well, however a laser scanner is not a permanent part of FLIS. In 2014 the installation of the hyperspectral scanners was completed and the first flights were carried out with all sensors. <br><br> The new hyperspectral imaging system required adaptations in the data pre-processing chain. The established pre-processing chain (radiometric, atmospheric and geometric corrections), which was tailored mainly to the AISA Eagle instrument operated at CzechGlobe since 2004, has been now modified to fit the new system and users needs. Continuous development of the processing chain is now focused mainly on establishing pre-processing of thermal data including emissivity estimation and also on joint processing of hyperspectral and laser scanning data.
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Hanuš, J., T. Fabiánek, and L. Fajmon. "POTENTIAL OF AIRBORNE IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY AT CZECHGLOBE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 2, 2016): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-15-2016.
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Ecosystems, their services, structures and functions are affected by complex environmental processes, which are both natural and human-induced and globally changing. In order to understand how ecosystems behave in globally changing environment, it is important to monitor the current status of ecosystems and their structural and functional changes in time and space. An essential tool allowing monitoring of ecosystems is remote sensing (RS). Many ecosystems variables are being translated into a spectral response recorded by RS instruments. It is however important to understand the complexity and synergies of the key ecosystem variables influencing the reflected signal. This can be achieved by analysing high resolution RS data from multiple sources acquired simultaneously from the same platform. Such a system has been recently built at CzechGlobe - Global Change Research Institute (The Czech Academy of Sciences). <br><br> CzechGlobe has been significantly extending its research infrastructure in the last years, which allows advanced monitoring of ecosystem changes at hierarchical levels spanning from molecules to entire ecosystems. One of the CzechGlobe components is a laboratory of imaging spectroscopy. The laboratory is now operating a new platform for advanced remote sensing observations called FLIS (Flying Laboratory of Imaging Spectroscopy). FLIS consists of an airborne carrier equipped with passive RS systems. The core instrument of FLIS is a hyperspectral imaging system provided by Itres Ltd. The hyperspectral system consists of three spectroradiometers (CASI 1500, SASI 600 and TASI 600) that cover the reflective spectral range from 380 to 2450 nm, as well as the thermal range from 8 to 11.5 μm. The airborne platform is prepared for mounting of full-waveform laser scanner Riegl-Q780 as well, however a laser scanner is not a permanent part of FLIS. In 2014 the installation of the hyperspectral scanners was completed and the first flights were carried out with all sensors. <br><br> The new hyperspectral imaging system required adaptations in the data pre-processing chain. The established pre-processing chain (radiometric, atmospheric and geometric corrections), which was tailored mainly to the AISA Eagle instrument operated at CzechGlobe since 2004, has been now modified to fit the new system and users needs. Continuous development of the processing chain is now focused mainly on establishing pre-processing of thermal data including emissivity estimation and also on joint processing of hyperspectral and laser scanning data.
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STOVE, G. C., T. J. M. KENNIE, and A. HARRISON. "Airborne thermal mapping for winter highway maintenance using the Barr and Stroud IR18 thermal video frame scanner." International Journal of Remote Sensing 8, no. 7 (July 1987): 1077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431168708954753.
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Qian, Yong-Gang, Ning Wang, Ling-Ling Ma, Yao-Kai Liu, Hua Wu, Bo-Hui Tang, Ling-Li Tang, and Chuan-Rong Li. "Land surface temperature retrieved from airborne multispectral scanner mid-infrared and thermal-infrared data." Optics Express 24, no. 2 (December 21, 2015): A257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.00a257.
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Edmonds, C. N., T. J. M. Kennie, and M. S. Rosenbaum. "The application of airborne remote sensing to the detection of solution features in limestone." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.14.
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AbstractAirborne remote sensing techniques have been developed for the detection of collapse and subsidence features in chalk and other limestone rocks. The detection of such features in the early stages of an engineering project is of crucial importance if serious geotechnical problems to building construction and public safety are to be avoided. Particular attention is paid to the potential of airborne multispectral scanner (MSS) and thermal infrared (IR) data as a means of detection. Background information is also provided concerning a project to obtain multitemporal thermal IR data over two test sites on the Cretaceous Chalk outcrop of southern England.
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Lahren, Mary M., Richard A. Schweickert, and James V. Taranik. "Analysis of the northern Sierra accreted terrane, California, with airborne thermal infrared multispectral scanner data." Geology 16, no. 6 (1988): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0525:aotnsa>2.3.co;2.
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Kalma, J. D., G. P. Laughlin, A. A. Green, and M. T. O'Brien. "Minimum temperature surveys based on near-surface air temperature measurements and airborne thermal scanner data." Journal of Climatology 6, no. 4 (1986): 413–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370060407.
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Lee, Jae Hwan, Chunrong Jia, Yong Doo Kim, Hong Hyun Kim, Tien Thang Pham, Young Seok Choi, Young Un Seo, and Ike Woo Lee. "An Optimized Adsorbent Sampling Combined to Thermal Desorption GC-MS Method for Trimethylsilanol in Industrial Environments." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/690356.
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Trimethylsilanol (TMSOH) can cause damage to surfaces of scanner lenses in the semiconductor industry, and there is a critical need to measure and control airborne TMSOH concentrations. This study develops a thermal desorption (TD)-gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) method for measuring trace-level TMSOH in occupational indoor air. Laboratory method optimization obtained best performance when using dual-bed tube configuration (100 mg of Tenax TA followed by 100 mg of Carboxen 569), n-decane as a solvent, and a TD temperature of 300°C. The optimized method demonstrated high recovery (87%), satisfactory precision (<15% for spiked amounts exceeding 1 ng), good linearity (R2=0.9999), a wide dynamic mass range (up to 500 ng), low method detection limit (2.8 ng m−3for a 20-L sample), and negligible losses for 3-4-day storage. The field study showed performance comparable to that in laboratory and yielded first measurements of TMSOH, ranging from 1.02 to 27.30 μg/m3, in the semiconductor industry. We suggested future development of real-time monitoring techniques for TMSOH and other siloxanes for better maintenance and control of scanner lens in semiconductor wafer manufacturing.
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Sobrino, J. A., J. C. Jiménez-Muñoz, P. J. Zarco-Tejada, G. Sepulcre-Cantó, E. de Miguel, G. Sòria, M. Romaguera, et al. "Thermal remote sensing from Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner data in the framework of the SPARC and SEN2FLEX projects: an overview." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 11 (November 3, 2009): 2031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2031-2009.
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Abstract. The AHS (Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner) instrument has 80 spectral bands covering the visible and near infrared (VNIR), short wave infrared (SWIR), mid infrared (MIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) spectral range. The instrument is operated by Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aerospacial (INTA), and it has been involved in several field campaigns since 2004. This paper presents an overview of the work performed with the AHS thermal imagery provided in the framework of the SPARC and SEN2FLEX campaigns, carried out respectively in 2004 and 2005 over an agricultural area in Spain. The data collected in both campaigns allowed for the first time the development and testing of algorithms for land surface temperature and emissivity retrieval as well as the estimation of evapotranspiration from AHS data. Errors were found to be around 1.5 K for land surface temperature and 1 mm/day for evapotranspiration.
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Sobrino, J. A., J. C. Jiménez-Muñoz, P. J. Zarco-Tejada, G. Sepulcre-Cantó, E. de Miguel, G. Sòria, M. Romaguera, et al. "Thermal remote sensing from Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner data in the framework of the SPARC and SEN2FLEX projects: an overview." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, no. 3 (June 5, 2009): 4107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-4107-2009.
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Abstract. The AHS (Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner) instrument has 80 spectral bands covering the visible and near infrared (VNIR), short wave infrared (SWIR), mid infrared (MIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) spectral range. The instrument is operated by Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aerospacial (INTA), and it has been involved in several field campaigns since 2004. This paper presents an overview of the work performed with the AHS thermal imagery provided in the framework of the SPARC and SEN2FLEX campaigns, carried out respectively in 2004 and 2005 over an agricultural area in Spain. The data collected in both campaigns allowed for the first time the development and testing of algorithms for land surface temperature and emissivity retrieval as well as the estimation of evapotranspiration from AHS data. Errors were found to be around 1.5 K for land surface temperature and 1 mm/day for evapotranspiration.
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Granero-Belinchon, Carlos, Aurelie Michel, Veronique Achard, and Xavier Briottet. "Spectral Unmixing for Thermal Infrared Multi-Spectral Airborne Imagery over Urban Environments: Day and Night Synergy." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111871.
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TRUST (Thermal Remote sensing Unmixing for Subpixel Temperature) is a spectral unmixing method developed to provide subpixel abundances and temperatures from radiance images in the thermal domain. By now, this method has been studied in simple study cases, with a low number of endmembers, high spatial resolutions (1 m) and more than 30 spectral bands in the thermal domain. Thus, this article aims to show the applicability of TRUST on a highly challenging study case: the analysis of a heterogeneous urban environment with airborne multispectral (eight thermal bands) images at 8-m resolution. Thus, this study is necessary to generalize the use of TRUST in the analysis of urban thermography. Since TRUST allows linking intrapixel temperatures to specific materials, it appears as a very useful tool to characterize Surface Urban Heat Islands and its dynamics at high spatial resolutions. Moreover, this article presents an improved version of TRUST, called TRUST-DNS (Day and Night Synergy), which takes advantage of daytime and nighttime acquisitions to improve the unmixing performances. In this study, both TRUST and TRUST-DNS were applied on daytime and nighttime airborne thermal images acquired over the center of Madrid during the DESIREX (Dual-use European Security IR Experiment) campaign in 2008. The processed images were obtained with the Aircraft Hyperspectral Scanner (AHS) sensor at 4-m spatial resolution on 4 July. TRUST-DNS appears to be more stable and slightly outperforms TRUST on both day and night images. In addition, TRUST applied on daytime outperforms TRUST on nighttime, illustrating the importance of the temperature contrasts during day for thermal unmixing.
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Sim, Jae Ki, Kwang Hee Im, David K. Hsu, Sung Jin Song, Hyeon Cho, Hak Joon Kim, Young Hwan Seo, and In Young Yang. "Inspecting Carbon Matrix Composites with Airborne/Conventional Ultrasound." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1789.
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Carbon/phenolic composite (CPC) materials have obvious advantages over conventional materials, which are consisting of carbon fibers embedded in a carbon matrix. The CPCs have become to be utilized as parts of aerospace applications and its low density, high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures make it an ideal material for aircraft brake disks. Because of permeation of coupling medium such as water, it is desirable to perform contact-less nondestructive evaluation to assess material properties and part homogeneity. In this work, a C/P(Carbon/phenolic) composite material was characterized with non-contact and contact ultrasonic methods using automated acquisition scanner. Also through transmission mode was performed because of the main limitation for air-coupled transducers, which is the acoustic impedance mismatch between most materials and air. Especially ultrasonic images and velocities for C/C(Carbon/Carbon) composite disk brake was measured and found to be consistent to some degree with the non-contact and contact ultrasonic measurement methods. Low frequency throughtransmission scans based on both amplitude and time-of-flight of the ultrasonic pulse were used for mapping out the material property inhomogeneity. Measured results were compared with those obtained by the motorized system with using dry-coupling ultrasonics and through transmission method in immersion. Finally, results using a proposed peak-delay measurement method well corresponded to ultrasonic velocities of the pulse overlap method.
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Kahle, Anne B. "Surface emittance, temperature, and thermal inertia derived from Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) data for Death Valley, California." GEOPHYSICS 52, no. 7 (July 1987): 858–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442357.
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The NASA airborne Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) was flown over Death Valley, California, on both a daytime flight and a nighttime flight within a two‐day period in July 1983. This Daedulus scanner has six channels in the thermal infrared, between 8 and 12 μm. Calibrated digital spectral radiance data from these flights, along with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) reflectance data, permit the calculation of both spectral emittance and thermal inertia. Spectral emittance images were derived for the test area for data sets from both the day and night tests, and they show good qualitative agreement. Comparison of the numerical values of emittance derived from these day and night images shows a decrease in spectral contrast at night. This is probably due primarily to an increased atmospheric contribution to the radiance reaching the sensor at night when the ground is cold, rather than to a change in spectral characteristics of the surface at night. These spectral emittance data contribute to an understanding of the physical basis for the discrimination of differences in surface materials afforded by TIMS data. These emittance data show good qualitative agreement with field emittance data taken in the same areas and with laboratory spectral reflectance data for samples from the Death Valley area. The strongest spectral feature commonly seen lies between 8 and 10 μm and is ascribed to the fundamental silicon‐oxygen stretching vibration of quartz and other silicate minerals. This feature allows identification of quartzite and discrimination of other silicate rocks in images produced from the TIMS data. Spectral features of other minerals, such as the ≈ 11.3 μm band of carbonates, are also detectable in laboratory spectra and field spectra. Using the day and night surface temperature data and Landsat TM reflectance data, an apparent thermal inertia image has been produced. This image allows separation of some bedrock units and separation of bedrock from alluvium. The temperature images allow inferences about the soil moisture and/or soil conditions on some of the alluvial fans.
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Hewson, RD, and GR Taylor. "An investigation of the geological and geomorphological features of Fowlers Gap using thermal infrared, radar and airborne geophysical remote sensing techniques." Rangeland Journal 22, no. 1 (2000): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj0000105.
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This study summarises the application of several remote sensing techniques to investigate various components of a land surface in the semi-arid environment of Fowlers Gap. These remote sensing techniques included NASA's Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) and CSIRO's Mid-Infrared Airborne CO, Laser Spectrometer (MIRACO,LAS), NASA's AIRSAR radar and geophysical airborne radiometrics. Linear spectral unmixing of extracted emissivities from the TIMS data produced four endmembers: quartz, clay minerals, dry vegetation (cellulose) in fine soils, and green vegetation/moisture. MIRAC0,LAS data identified spectral signatures similar to the spectra of endmembers derived from TIMS data. The sensitivity of both thermal infrared remote sensing techniques to the quartzklay contents and textures of the soils and sediments was confirmed by detailed laboratory spectral measurements. Surface roughness information from AIRSAR's band C radar backscatter assisted the discrimination of alluvial and colluvial quartz and clay-rich deposits from the outcropping geological units. In particular the C band AIRSAR radar discriminated the coarse grained sandstone and quartzite scree within the colluvial pediments, from the finer grained quartz-rich 'radar smooth' alluvium in the scalds. Airborne radiometrics were also found useful for further discriminating potassium and thorium- bearing phyllosilicate/clay minerals, within shales and ghyllites, from the kaolinite and montmorillonite- rich alluvium. This study found that TIMS data could identify some of the geomorphological features at Fowlers Gap, such as colluvial pediments, depositional scalds and gilgai landforms, that characterise some of the land systems in the Lowlands and Plains relief class of the Fowlers Gap land system classification. Thermal infrared remote sensing techniques also proved capable of discriminating areas of cellulose-rich dry vegetation and fine grained soils within the Plains relief class. The sensitivity of AIRSAR radar for topographic relief and surface roughness suggests that it is useful for distinguishing land systems in the Ranges relief class. Radiometrics appeared useful for land system definition when outcropping argillaceous units and alluvium assisted their classification. Key words: remote sensing, Fowlers Gap, thermal infrared, land system, spectral unmixing
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Oshio, Haruki, Kan Chen, and Takashi Asawa. "Airborne and Terrestrial Observations of the Thermal Environment of Urban Areas Surrounding a High-Rise Building during the Japanese Winter." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020517.
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We investigated the distribution of air temperature (Ta) and the factors affecting it in low-rise areas surrounding an isolated high-rise building during the Japanese winter. The study site was the central part of a regional city in Japan (36°5′ N, 140°12′ E), lying north-east of the Tokyo metropolitan area. The daytime surface temperature (Ts) in the shade is generally considered to be comparable to Ta; however, according to airborne remote sensing conducted in December 2009 where a multi-spectral scanner was installed on a fixed-wing aircraft, Ts for pavements in the shade of a high-rise building was significantly lower than Ta of sub-urban areas, indicating an influence of cold storage on Ts. Then, we conducted mobile observations using instruments (thermocouple, four component radiometer, and so on) installed on a bicycle in January 2016 to investigate the detailed distribution of Ta and the factors affecting it. The results showed the Ta over the pavements in the shade of the high-rise building was lower than the Ta of sunlit areas in the same urban area by −2 °C and lower than the Ta of sub-urban areas by −1–1.5 °C, although the advection effect was large due to strong winds around the building. In conclusion, a locally lower Ta compared to the surrounding areas can develop during the day in winter, even in spaces that are open to areas beyond the canopy.
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Granero-Belinchon, Carlos, Aurelie Michel, Jean-Pierre Lagouarde, Jose A. Sobrino, and Xavier Briottet. "Multi-Resolution Study of Thermal Unmixing Techniques over Madrid Urban Area: Case Study of TRISHNA Mission." Remote Sensing 11, no. 10 (May 27, 2019): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11101251.
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This work is linked to the future Indian–French high spatio-temporal TRISHNA (Thermal infraRed Imaging Satellite for High-resolution natural resource Assessment) mission, which includes shortwave and thermal infrared bands, and is devoted amongst other things to the monitoring of urban heat island events. In this article, the performance of seven empirical thermal unmixing techniques applied on simulated TRISHNA satellite images of an urban scenario is studied across spatial resolutions. For this purpose, Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) images in the shortwave and Thermal InfraRed (TIR) ranges are constructed at different resolutions (20 m, 40 m, 60 m, 80 m, and 100 m) and according to TRISHNA specifications (spectral bands and sensor properties). These images are synthesized by correcting and undersampling DESIREX 2008 Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner (AHS) images of Madrid at 4 m resolution. This allows to compare the Land Surface Temperature (LST) retrieval of several unmixing techniques applied on different resolution images, as well as to characterize the evolution of the performance of each technique across resolutions. The seven unmixing techniques are: Disaggregation of radiometric surface Temperature (DisTrad), Thermal imagery sHARPening (TsHARP), Area-To-Point Regression Kriging (ATPRK), Adaptive Area-To-Point Regression Kriging (AATPRK), Urban Thermal Sharpener (HUTS), Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR), and two combinations of ground classification (index-based classification and K-means classification) with DisTrad. Studying these unmixing techniques across resolutions also allows to validate the scale invariance hypotheses on which the techniques hinge. Each thermal unmixing technique has been tested with several shortwave indices, in order to choose the best one. It is shown that (i) ATPRK outperforms the other compared techniques when characterizing the LST of Madrid, (ii) the unmixing performance of any technique is degraded when the coarse spatial resolution increases, (iii) the used shortwave index does not strongly influence the unmixing performance, and (iv) even if the scale-invariant hypotheses behind these techniques remain empirical, this does not affect the unmixing performances within this range of resolutions.
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Watson, Ken, Lawrence C. Rowan, Timothy L. Bowers, Carmen Anton‐Pacheco, Pablo Gumiel, and Susanne H. Miller. "Lithologic analysis from multispectral thermal infrared data of the alkalic rock complex at Iron Hill, Colorado." GEOPHYSICS 61, no. 3 (May 1996): 706–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443998.
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Airborne thermal‐infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) data of the Iron Hill carbonatite‐alkalic igneous rock complex in south‐central Colorado are analyzed using a new spectral emissivity ratio algorithm and confirmed by field examination using existing 1:24 000‐scale geologic maps and petrographic studies. Color composite images show that the alkalic rocks could be clearly identified and that differences existed among alkalic rocks in several parts of the complex. An unsupervised classification algorithm defines four alkalic rock classes within the complex: biotitic pyroxenite, uncompahgrite, augitic pyroxenite, and fenite + nepheline syenite. Felsic rock classes defined in the surrounding country rock are an extensive class consisting of tuff, granite, and felsite, a less extensive class of granite and felsite, and quartzite. The general composition of the classes can be determined from comparisons of the TIMS spectra with laboratory spectra. Carbonatite rocks are not classified, and we attribute that to the fact that dolomite, the predominant carbonate mineral in the complex, has a spectral feature that falls between TIMS channels 5 and 6. Mineralogical variability in the fenitized granite contributed to the nonuniform pattern of the fenite‐nepheline syenite class. The biotitic pyroxenite, which resulted from alteration of the pyroxenite, is spatially associated and appears to be related to narrow carbonatite dikes and sills. Results from a linear unmixing algorithm suggest that the detected spatial extent of the two mixed felsic rock classes was sensitive to the amount of vegetation cover. These results illustrate that spectral thermal infrared data can be processed to yield compositional information that can be a cost‐effective tool to target mineral exploration, particularly in igneous terranes.
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Corbari, C., J. A. Sobrino, M. Mancini, and V. Hidalgo. "Land surface temperature representativeness in a heterogeneous area through a distributed energy-water balance model and remote sensing data." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 10 (October 29, 2010): 2141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2141-2010.
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Abstract. Land surface temperature is the link between soil-vegetation-atmosphere fluxes and soil water content through the energy water balance. This paper analyses the representativeness of land surface temperature (LST) for a distributed hydrological water balance model (FEST-EWB) using LST from AHS (airborne hyperspectral scanner), with a spatial resolution between 2–4 m, LST from MODIS, with a spatial resolution of 1000 m, and thermal infrared radiometric ground measurements that are compared with the representative equilibrium temperature that closes the energy balance equation in the distributed hydrological model. Diurnal and nocturnal images are analyzed due to the non stable behaviour of the thermodynamic temperature and to the non linear effects induced by spatial heterogeneity. Spatial autocorrelation and scale of fluctuation of land surface temperature from FEST-EWB and AHS are analysed at different aggregation areas to better understand the scale of representativeness of land surface temperature in a hydrological process. The study site is the agricultural area of Barrax (Spain) that is a heterogeneous area with a patchwork of irrigated and non irrigated vegetated fields and bare soil. The used data set was collected during a field campaign from 10 to 15 July 2005 in the framework of the SEN2FLEX project.
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Corbari, C., J. A. Sobrino, M. Mancini, and V. Hidalgo. "Land surface temperature representativeness in an heterogeneous area through a distributed energy-water balance model and remote sensing data." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (August 4, 2010): 5335–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-5335-2010.
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Abstract. Land surface temperature is the link between soil-vegetation-atmosphere fluxes and soil water content through the energy water balance. This paper analyses the representativeness of land surface temperature (LST) for a distributed hydrological water balance model (FEST-EWB) using LST from AHS (airborne hyperspectral scanner), with a spatial resolution between 2–4 m, LST from MODIS, with a spatial resolution of 1000 m, and thermal infrared radiometric ground measurements that are compared with the representative equilibrium temperature that closes the energy balance equation in the distributed hydrological model. Diurnal and nocturnal images are analyzed due to the non stable behaviour of the thermodynamic temperature and to the non linear effects induced by spatial heterogeneity. Spatial autocorrelation and scale of fluctuation of land surface temperature from FEST-EWB and AHS are analysed at different aggregation areas to better understand the scale of representativeness of land surface temperature in an hydrological process. The study site is the agricultural area of Barrax (Spain) that is a heterogeneous area with an alternation of irrigated and non irrigated vegetated field and bare soil. The used data set was collected during a field campaign from 10 to 15 July 2005 in the framework of the SEN2FLEX project.
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Dowdeswell, J. A. "Comparison of Landsat Multispectral Scanner and Thematic Mapper Radiometric and Spatial Characteristics Over Glaciers (Abstract)." Annals of Glaciology 9 (1987): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500000835.
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For more than 10 years, images obtained from the four Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) bands have provided important data for mapping and glaciological studies in the inaccessible polar regions. During this period, the specifications of the MSS have remained little altered, to allow data comparability. More recently, satellites 4 and 5 of the Landsat series have been equipped additionally with Thematic Mapper (TM) sensors. The TM has 7 bands in the visible, near infra-red, mid infra-red, and thermal infra-red, together with a larger dynamic range and improved spatial resolution relative to the MSS. The aim of this paper is to compare MSS and TM computer-compatible tapes (CCTs) from a glacierized area in order to demonstrate the advantages of using TM data in glaciological applications. The digital MSS and TM scenes compared were imaged simultaneously from Landsat 5 on 5 May 1984 over the north-west part of Spitsbergen, Svalbard (path 218, row 3). This location was selected because of the range of glaciological features present: numerous valley glaciers, the ice field of Holtedahlfonna, fast ice, and ice floes. Partially cloud-covered imagery was preferred, to allow comparison of the two sensors in terms of their ability to distinguish between clouds and snow. The time of year is also advantageous, in that Sun elevation (27°) is high enough for detector saturation to occur in MSS band 2 (Dowdeswell and McIntyre 1986). Surface-elevation data from airborne radio echo-sounding, and other ancilliary glaciological information, are also available for this part of Svalbard. Differences in the dynamic range and the wavelengths over which TM and MSS data are collected have two main implications for glaciological studies. First, snow and snow-covered ice masses can be distinguished easily from cloud cover in TM band 5 (1.57 to 1.78 μm). Snow appears dark whereas clouds are light at this wavelength. For example, thin clouds over part of Oscar II Land in Spitsbergen became apparent. In many MSS scenes of the Antarctic, the cloud-free ice-sheet surface has been misidentified as cloud-covered during quality-control analysis. Secondly, the wider dynamic range of the TM sensors means that saturation occurs less frequently over snow than was the case with MSS imagery. Digital analysis of MSS and TM scene radiance over Spitsbergen demonstrates this fact and implies that ice-surface topographic information will only rarely be degraded in TM imagery, although TM band 1 (0.45 to 0.52 μm) is most often saturated. The nominal spatial resolution of TM sensors is 30 m, except for the thermal infra-red band. This is a significant improvement over the 79 m by 56 m resolution of the MSS. A major advantage of this is that ice margins and ice-surface features can be more precisely identified. More accurate glacier maps can be made, and smaller variations in termini positions of outlet glaciers can be monitored. Ice-surface features, such as crevasses, are more likely to be recorded on TM imagery, and examples are shown from Spitsbergen glaciers. The identification of such features is of major importance in studies of ice-surface velocities from Landsat imagery. For sea-ice applications, the ability to identify smaller floes is also important; for example, in the analysis of floe-size distributions. The only significant drawbacks to the use of Landsat TM data in glaciological studies are the expense, particularly in the more useful digital format, and the small amount of coverage yet available for the polar regions.
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Dowdeswell, J. A. "Comparison of Landsat Multispectral Scanner and Thematic Mapper Radiometric and Spatial Characteristics Over Glaciers (Abstract)." Annals of Glaciology 9 (1987): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500000835.
Full textAbstract:
For more than 10 years, images obtained from the four Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) bands have provided important data for mapping and glaciological studies in the inaccessible polar regions. During this period, the specifications of the MSS have remained little altered, to allow data comparability. More recently, satellites 4 and 5 of the Landsat series have been equipped additionally with Thematic Mapper (TM) sensors. The TM has 7 bands in the visible, near infra-red, mid infra-red, and thermal infra-red, together with a larger dynamic range and improved spatial resolution relative to the MSS. The aim of this paper is to compare MSS and TM computer-compatible tapes (CCTs) from a glacierized area in order to demonstrate the advantages of using TM data in glaciological applications.The digital MSS and TM scenes compared were imaged simultaneously from Landsat 5 on 5 May 1984 over the north-west part of Spitsbergen, Svalbard (path 218, row 3). This location was selected because of the range of glaciological features present: numerous valley glaciers, the ice field of Holtedahlfonna, fast ice, and ice floes. Partially cloud-covered imagery was preferred, to allow comparison of the two sensors in terms of their ability to distinguish between clouds and snow. The time of year is also advantageous, in that Sun elevation (27°) is high enough for detector saturation to occur in MSS band 2 (Dowdeswell and McIntyre 1986). Surface-elevation data from airborne radio echo-sounding, and other ancilliary glaciological information, are also available for this part of Svalbard.Differences in the dynamic range and the wavelengths over which TM and MSS data are collected have two main implications for glaciological studies. First, snow and snow-covered ice masses can be distinguished easily from cloud cover in TM band 5 (1.57 to 1.78 μm). Snow appears dark whereas clouds are light at this wavelength. For example, thin clouds over part of Oscar II Land in Spitsbergen became apparent. In many MSS scenes of the Antarctic, the cloud-free ice-sheet surface has been misidentified as cloud-covered during quality-control analysis. Secondly, the wider dynamic range of the TM sensors means that saturation occurs less frequently over snow than was the case with MSS imagery. Digital analysis of MSS and TM scene radiance over Spitsbergen demonstrates this fact and implies that ice-surface topographic information will only rarely be degraded in TM imagery, although TM band 1 (0.45 to 0.52 μm) is most often saturated.The nominal spatial resolution of TM sensors is 30 m, except for the thermal infra-red band. This is a significant improvement over the 79 m by 56 m resolution of the MSS. A major advantage of this is that ice margins and ice-surface features can be more precisely identified. More accurate glacier maps can be made, and smaller variations in termini positions of outlet glaciers can be monitored. Ice-surface features, such as crevasses, are more likely to be recorded on TM imagery, and examples are shown from Spitsbergen glaciers. The identification of such features is of major importance in studies of ice-surface velocities from Landsat imagery. For sea-ice applications, the ability to identify smaller floes is also important; for example, in the analysis of floe-size distributions.The only significant drawbacks to the use of Landsat TM data in glaciological studies are the expense, particularly in the more useful digital format, and the small amount of coverage yet available for the polar regions.
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HLOTOV, V., B. LADANIVSKYI, Z. KUZYK, A. BABUSHKA, and I. PETRYSHYN. "Development of the aerosurveying complex based on the DJI S1000 octocopter UAV." Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 41, no. I (April 1, 2021): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-41-86-96.
Full textAbstract:
Goal. The purpose of the work is to develop an aerial photography complex based on a DJI S1000 helicopter UAV for aerial photography, which includes a laser scanner (LS) and a digital camera (CPC). Method. For several decades, aerial photography has been an effective tool for geodetic works, geophysical surveys and various types of monitoring. On the other hand, the use of not only digital imaging, but also laser scanning of objects allows to maximize the accuracy of obtaining the coordinates of points on the ground and eliminate such a process as plan-height binding in the field, which occupies more than 80 % of field work that is, much cheaper the process of creating cartographic materials. In addition, the use of laser scanners on board unmanned aerial vehicles helps to solve a number of scientific and applied problems in various fields, such as engineering research, environmental monitoring, landscape research and modeling, construction, architecture, archeology and more. Comprehensive study, research and monitoring of the environment involves the availability and use of highly efficient modern technologies, special software for data processing and analysis and qualified human resources. Aerial laser scanners are the latest high-precision technology for obtaining data about the object by noncontact method and have a multi-purpose purpose. I have been actively using them in the world since the early 2000s. They have a number of advantages over traditional aerial photography. Drugs are manufactured by the world’s leading companies, they are available on the market and are in great demand among foreign specialists. Unfortunately, in Ukraine, airborne laser scanners are used in limited quantities to perform special tasks with the involvement of foreign experts. In this area we have a significant lag compared to other European countries. Therefore, the acquisition and application of such a software and technology complex and UAV will help solve and accelerate the solution of many important scientific and applied problems in Ukraine, as well as increase the potential, opportunities and prestige in domestic and world science and practice. Results. A mock-up model of installation and implementation of Velodyne VLP-16 on a DJI S1000 helicopter UAV has been developed. The authors analyzed the known systems and created the best option for connecting and connecting the elements, which made it possible to simplify the layout of the devices, which in turn made it possible to reduce the cost of the proposed complex. Scientific novelty and practical significance. For the first time in Ukraine, a method of installing a helicopter-type UAV was developed and proposed. With the help of an airborne laser scanning system installed on board an unmanned aerial vehicle of helicopter type it is possible to solve a number of important scientific and applied tasks, such as: monitoring the technical condition of large and hard-to-reach structures – nuclear, hydro and thermal power plants, power lines, etc. ; monitoring the condition of roads, detecting places of surface damage and other dangerous places in order to prevent car accidents; detection of damage to forests and agricultural lands; observation and prevention of landslides in mountains and industrial quarries, places of soil erosion; monitoring of water resources, changes in contours and heights of the coastal strip; detection of roof defects, deformations, wall cracks on highrise buildings for architectural measurements, 3D modeling, documentation and preservation of cultural heritage sites; assistance in archaeological exploration to identify archaeological sites and study artifacts. In addition, peripheral drugs can be installed on other moving objects (cars, railcars, boats, etc.) and scanning from fixed bases in stationary conditions.
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Bura, M., J. Janowski, P. Wężyk, and K. Zięba. "THE DIGITAL VON FAHRENHEID PYRAMID." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (August 18, 2017): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-105-2017.
Full textAbstract:
3D Scanners Lab from Digital Humanities Laboratory at the University of Warsaw initiated the scientific project, the purpose of which was to call attention to systematically penetrated and devastated pyramid-shaped tomb from the XVIII/XIX century, of family von Fahrenheid in Rapa in Banie Mazurskie commune (NE Poland). By conducting a series of non-invasive studies, such as 3D inventory using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), thermal imaging, georadar measurements (around and inside the tomb) and anthropological research of mummified remains as well - the complete dataset was collected. Through the integration of terrestrial (TLS) and airborne laser scanning (ALS) authors managed to analyse the surroundings of Fahrenheid pyriamid and influence of some objects (like trees) on the condition and visibility of the Pyramids in the landscape.
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Le Hung, Trinh, and Vu Danh Tuyen. "Comparison of Single-channel and Split-window Methods for Estimating Land Surface Temperature from Landsat 8 Data." VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences 35, no. 2 (June 29, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1094/vnuees.4374.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Landsat 8 is the eighth satellite in the Landsat program, which provides images at 11 spectral channels, including 2 thermal infrared bands at a spatial resolution of 100 m (band 10 (10,30÷11,30 µm) and band 11 (11,50÷12,50 µm)). Until now, most studies have used only band 10 of Landsat 8 image to calculate land surface temperature. In this paper, we compare the results of determining a land surface temperature from Landsat 8 thermal infrared data when using a single band (single-channel method) and using both thermal infrared bands (split-window method). 02 Landsat 8 scenes in the dry season 2015 - 2016 in Loc Ninh district (Binh Phuoc province) and Lam Ha district (Lam Dong province) were used to calculate the land surface temperature according to the SC and SW methods. The results obtained in both experiments showed that the land surface temperature, determined from band 10 of Landsat 8 images was significantly higher than using band 11. Meanwhile, the method using both thermal infrared bands of Landsat 8 data (SW method) to calculate land surface temperature has higher accuracy when compared with the method using band 10 or band 11 only (SC method).
Keywords: Landsat 8, thermal infrared, land surface temperature, split-window algorithm, single-channel algorithm.
References:
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