Academic literature on the topic 'Air travel – Italy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Air travel – Italy"
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Quam, Mikkel B., Kamran Khan, Jennifer Sears, Wei Hu, Joacim Rocklöv, and Annelies Wilder‐Smith. "Estimating Air Travel–Associated Importations of Dengue Virus Into Italy." Journal of Travel Medicine 22, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jtm.12192.
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Liebrich, Andreas. "Report on workshop I: The influence of air transport on destination development." Tourism Review 57, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb058394.
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Three case studies about tourism impacts caused by air travel were presented in the first workshop of the 44th AIEST‐conference. The three presenters were discussing the impacts of airtravel in European regions: France (Claude Origet du Cluzeau), Pisa (Harald Pechlaner) and Southern Italy (Andrea Macchiavelli).
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Riccò, Matteo, Simona Peruzzi, Silvia Ranzieri, and Pasquale Gianluca Giuri. "Epidemiology of Legionnaires’ Disease in Italy, 2004–2019: A Summary of Available Evidence." Microorganisms 9, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 2180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112180.
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Legionnaires’ disease (LD) incidence has been increasing in several European countries since 2011. Currently, Italy is experiencing high notification rates for LD, whose cause still remains scarcely understood. We sought to summarize the available evidence on the epidemiology of LD in Italy (2004–2019), characterizing the risk of LD by region, sex, age group, and settings of the case (i.e., community, healthcare, or travel-associated cases). Environmental factors (e.g., average air temperatures and relative humidity) were also included in a Poisson regression model in order to assess their potential role on the annual incidence of new LD cases. National surveillance data included a total of 23,554 LD cases occurring between 2004 and 2019 (70.4% of them were of male gender, 94.1% were aged 40 years and older), with age-adjusted incidence rates increasing from 1.053 cases per 100,000 in 2004 to 4.559 per 100,000 in 2019. The majority of incident cases came from northern Italy (43.2% from northwestern Italy, 25.6% from northeastern Italy). Of these, 5.9% were healthcare-related, and 21.1% were travel-associated. A case-fatality ratio of 5.2% was calculated for the whole of the assessed timeframe, with a pooled estimate for mortality of 0.122 events per 100,000 population per year. Poisson regression analysis was associated with conflicting results, as any increase in average air temperature resulted in reduced risk for LD cases (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] 0.807, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 0.744–0.874), while higher annual income in older individuals was associated with an increased IRR (1.238, 95% CI 1.134–1.351). The relative differences in incidence between Italian regions could not be explained by demographic factors (i.e., age and sex distribution of the population), and also a critical reappraisal of environmental factors failed to substantiate both the varying incidence across the country and the decennial trend we were able to identify.
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S, Parimala. "A Study on Airline Operations and Corporate Social Responsibilities of Air Italy." Trends in Banking, Accounting and Business 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/tbab/1/2/4.
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The world is becoming more connected, with the internet bringing us closer together, 24- hour news allowing us to see what is happening around the world, and more efficient planes allowing us to travel from place to place. Over the next decade, China will overtake the US as the highest source of passengers, flying to, from, and within the country, potentially rising to over 1 billion. Even if there is a downturn in productivity and restrictions in trade agreements, globally there should still be more than 6 billion passengers every year by the end of the next decade, significantly higher than today. Passengers numbering in the billions will continue to use planes, and many millions of new fliers will experience it for the first time, eventually becoming loyal customers. Job Growth: Job growth is also increasing Aviation industry growth. An increase in passengers will have a knock-on effect of stimulating more jobs in the Aviation industry. There are already 65 million jobs supported by the industry, but even more, will be needed to handle the volume of new flights. The IATA surveyed growth in the Aviation sector and found that the majority of respondents predict growth in ground operations, cabin crew, and customer service personnel jobs over the next two years, which will allow the industry to maintain its high standards. The 10 million jobs directly in the Aviation sector are around 4.4 times more productive than the average job around the world, and there will be millions more Aviation jobs created over the next decade. Supersonic Flight: New Aviation technology is emerging all the time, making flights faster, more efficient, and a more enjoyable experience for customers.
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Sirkeci, Ibrahim, and Mustafa Murat Yucesahin. "Coronavirus and Migration: Analysis of Human Mobility and the Spread of Covid-19." Migration Letters 17, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i2.935.
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Reactions, measures as well as discourses dealing with the current pandemic vary significantly across the world. While some countries were completely locked down, as was the case in Italy, some had claimed to have very few or no cases, as was the case in Turkey and Indonesia by March 10th, 2020. Nevertheless, the spread of COVID-19 from China has been clearly linked to those travelling from Wuhan in Hubei province in Central China. Therefore, it is important to understand the travel density/volume of passengers carried as well as routes from Wuhan through connected main regional air travel hubs across China. In this study, we developed a model on migration and travel intensity that can explain outbreak and spread COVID-19 since it appeared at the end of 2019. We show that the presence of migrant stock populations of Chinese origin and the immigrant stock in China are useful indicators in the prediction of the spread of the outbreak worldwide in the event of interaction with several other macro factors. We argue that monitoring immigrant stock data and travel volume data based on human mobility corridors (i.e. origins and destinations), countries could have been better prepared and taken early measures to contain the spread of COVID-19.
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Guerrieri, Marco, and Matteo Sartori. "Underground Roundabouts: Analysis of Several Layouts for A Case Study in Urban Area." Open Transportation Journal 14, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447802014010143.
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Background: Roundabouts eliminate some of the most complex and dangerous aspects of traditional at-grade road intersections. In recent times, novel two-level roundabout layouts have been proposed (i.e. target-roundabout and four-flyover roundabout). Nevertheless, no research on underground roundabouts is available. This paper analyzed the underground roundabout planned in the city of Trento (Italy). Objective: The paper examines an underground roundabout in an urban context, planned with the purpose of alleviating traffic congestion in the city of Trento (Italy). Four different layouts have been studied. Methods and Results: This study was conducted with the help of traffic microsimulation in the AIMSUN environment. The traffic model was calibrated using GEH index. The simulated queues are significantly close to the real queues measured in the year 2020. Conclusion: Underground roundabout can reduce queues, travel times, fuel consumption, air pollutant emissions etc. This particular type of roundabout could be used in urban contexts with a traffic demand and congestion problems comparable to those of the present study.
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Yevtushenko, O. V., H. I. Нaponenko, and I. M. Shamara. "Analyzing the Proposals from Leading Operators in the Tourism Market of Kharkiv Region." Business Inform 7, no. 522 (2021): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-7-153-160.
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The article is aimed at analyzing the proposals from leading operators in the tourist market of Ukraine, in particular in the city of Kharkiv. The article analyzes the charter offers of travel operators for the summer season 2020. After the analysis, it can be stated that travel operators plan to significantly increase volumes for Turkey (for example, two flights a week to the Turkish Dalaman are planned (in the season 2019, one flight per week was operated)). It is worth noting that travel operators also plan to significantly increase volumes for European areas, in particular Italy. In addition to the proposed flights to the swimming and beach resorts, the summer navigation will also feature direct flights of the airline Ernest, which will allow to develop interesting excursion routes, focusing on the arrival airports in Rome and Milan. At the same time, the expediency of increasing the volume of flights to Calabria can be questioned, because two flights a week is too much for a place that has not yet become a mass resort, which means that it experiences problems with infrastructure development and sufficient availability of accommodation facilities. The article analyzes the proposals of leading operators in the tourist market of Ukraine, according to the findings it can be noted that almost all travel operators - leaders in the number of tourists served consider the Kharkiv region as an attractive market for expanding travel content. The leaders in the number of tourists served were two travel operators who have their own airlines, namely: Sky Up (Join Up) and Azur Air Ukraine (Anex Tour). The undisputed leader in the number of exclusive destinations represented with a guaranteed flight is Join Up, and there is also a tendency to increase volumes with the travel operator TUI. On the basis of a survey, the best travel operators were identified by the ratings of agent-friendly and tourist-friendly, they were: Tez Tour, Join Up, Pegas Touristik, Coral Travel, and TUI.
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Solnica, Amy, Leonid Barski, and Alan Jotkowitz. "Allocation of scarce resources during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Jewish ethical perspective." Journal of Medical Ethics 46, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 444–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-106242.
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The novel COVID-19 pandemic has placed medical triage decision-making in the spotlight. As life-saving ventilators become scarce, clinicians are being forced to allocate scarce resources in even the wealthiest countries. The pervasiveness of air travel and high rate of transmission has caused this pandemic to spread swiftly throughout the world. Ethical triage decisions are commonly based on the utilitarian approach of maximising total benefits and life expectancy. We present triage guidelines from Italy, USA and the UK as well as the Jewish ethical prospective on medical triage. The Jewish tradition also recognises the utilitarian approach but there is disagreement between the rabbis whether human discretion has any role in the allocation of scarce resources and triage decision-making.
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Deline, P., W. Alberto, M. Broccolato, O. Hungr, J. Noetzli, L. Ravanel, and A. Tamburini. "The December 2008 Crammont rock avalanche, Mont Blanc massif area, Italy." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 12 (December 15, 2011): 3307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-3307-2011.
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Abstract. We describe a 0.5 Mm3 rock avalanche that occurred in 2008 in the western Alps and discuss possible roles of controlling factors in the context of current climate change. The source is located between 2410 m and 2653 m a.s.l. on Mont Crammont and is controlled by a densely fractured rock structure. The main part of the collapsed rock mass deposited at the foot of the rock wall. A smaller part travelled much farther, reaching horizontal and vertical travel distances of 3050 m and 1560 m, respectively. The mobility of the rock mass was enhanced by channelization and snow. The rock-avalanche volume was calculated by comparison of pre- and post-event DTMs, and geomechanical characterization of the detachment zone was extracted from LiDAR point cloud processing. Back analysis of the rock-avalanche runout suggests a two stage event. There was no previous rock avalanche activity from the Mont Crammont ridge during the Holocene. The 2008 rock avalanche may have resulted from permafrost degradation in the steep rock wall, as suggested by seepage water in the scar after the collapse in spite of negative air temperatures, and modelling of rock temperatures that indicate warm permafrost (T > −2 °C).
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D’Acierno, Luca, and Marilisa Botte. "A Passenger-Oriented Optimization Model for Implementing Energy-Saving Strategies in Railway Contexts." Energies 11, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 2946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112946.
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Rail and metro systems are characterized by high-performing and environmentally friendly features that make them a crucial factor for driving modal split towards public transport modes, thus reducing private car use and related externalities (such as air and noise pollution, traffic congestion and accidents). Within this framework, the implementation of suitable energy-saving policies, allowing to reduce energy consumption, but, at the same time, preserving timetable stability and passengers’ satisfaction, may turn out to be imperative. In particular, this study aims to develop an analytical framework for properly supporting the implementation of eco-driving strategies in a passenger-oriented perspective. An application to a rail line in southern Italy is performed so as to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach in determining the optimal compromise between energy reductions and travel time increases.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Air travel – Italy"
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BIRARDI, Franco. "Parametric and parameter free approaches to the analysis of production spaces (the case of civil air transportation in Italy)." Doctoral thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4877.
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Defence date: 5 November 1986Examining board: Prof. Mario Amendola, Università di Roma ; Prof. Kenneth Arrow, Stanford University ; Prof. Jean-Paul Fitoussi, Supervisor ; Prof. Axel Leijonhufvud, UCLA ; Prof. Kumaraswamy Velupillai, Supervisor
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Books on the topic "Air travel – Italy"
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Italy from the air. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1987.
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Italy from the air. London: Artus Books, 1994.
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1926-, Lefèvre Franco, ed. Italy from the air. New York: Vendome Press, 1992.
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Italy from the air. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1987.
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1796-1875, Corot Jean-Baptiste-Camille, ed. Corot in Italy: Open-air painting and the classical-landscape tradition. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1991.
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Galassi, Peter. Corot in Italy: Open-air painting and the classical-landscape tradition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991.
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Baldini, Michela, and Teresa Spignoli, eds. L'Approdo. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-617-4.
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In December 1945 the "L'Approdo" transmissions were launched at the RAI headquarters in Florence. The radio programme, one of the most important in Italy at the time, went on the air up to 1977, being accompanied from 1952 by a magazine and from 1963 to 1972 by a television programme. The three parallel cultural "enterprises" boasted an impressive number of important collaborators, gravitating around the decisive figure of Carlo Betocchi as leader and organiser. Nevertheless, despite its significance, even the adventure of "L'Approdo" was destined to die. When the transmissions and the publication of the magazine ceased, an entire cultural élite had to come to terms not only with the objective difficulties, but with a crisis of trust and of commitment in the face of what were now irreversible changes in the country. Yet – precisely because "L'Approdo" had battled for an approach that was destined to become minority with the triumph of the new media society – the retrieval of its history and the reconstruction through voices, pages and images of one of the first examples of encounter and mediation between culture and communication appears particularly significant. The methods and the emphatic planning of the entire experience emerge clearly from the first issue of the magazine, produced here in anastatic reprint, and above all from the enclosed CD-Rom which proposes, along with the tables of contents of "L'Approdo", the files and records of the entire correspondence (over 20,000 unpublished pieces) and details of the surviving scripts of the transmissions… In short, we finally have at our disposal material that enables us to reconstruct – through the traces of a programme and a magazine and of the intellectuals who collaborated on them – thirty years of culture and utopia, of compromise and enthusiasm, clustered around the birth, growth and death of an articulated project of "cultural policy".
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Italy from the Air. White Star, 2004.
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Italy (From the Air). White Star Publishing, 2007.
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(Photographer), Guido Alberto Rossi, ed. Italy from the Air (World from the Air). White Star, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Air travel – Italy"
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Lanzini, Pietro, Ana Panjako, and Andrea Stocchetti. "Identifying Travel Demand Priorities in Maritime Transport A Behavioural Approach." In Priorities for the Sustainability of Maritime and Coastal Passenger Transport in Europe. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-617-6/003.
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This chapter deals with the analysis of hidden aspects of travellers’ behaviour that are the key determinant of the sustainability and efficiency of sustainable mobility policies. We propose to complement the typically descriptive approach of flow-based and/or time-series analysis with techniques for analysing perceptions and intentions that can provide insights on travellers’, such as the behavioural determinants or the perceived priorities. Together with the general description of two models, we will present an application concerning travellers between Italy and Croatia, an interesting case in which travellers can choose between maritime, air and land alternatives.
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Devoto, R., M. Fantola, A. Olivo, and N. Rassu. "A Mathematical Model for Demand Distribution in An Air Transport Network." In Sustainable Infrastructure, 985–1012. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0948-7.ch046.
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This article describes the great distance that separates Sardinia from mainland Italy has made the island – the second largest island of the Mediterranean – a marginal and remote region. Its system of ferry links for people travelling to and from Sardinia has such long journey times (8-12 hours) that it is clearly in no way a valid alternative to air transport. It was mainly on the basis of these reasons and with a view to protecting and ensuring the mobility of Sardinian residents that Public Service Obligations (PSO) were imposed on some of the main air routes starting from 2002. Our study is set against this background. It aims to resolve one of the main critical factors that distinguish the PSO network: the shortage of flights on certain routes and the concomitant over-scheduling of others. More specifically, the insufficient scheduling of weekly flights to certain airports, such as Verona and Turin, forces a number of passengers to decide not to travel at all and another part to use connecting flights to Rome/Milan airports or to travel using more than one route, via air or ground transport, with inevitably higher transport costs. The problem was addressed by using a linear scheduling model applied to a network of nodes and arcs representing, respectively, the airports and their connecting routes, and the airport of Cagliari. The decision variables identified were the number of passengers travelling on all of the arcs and the impedance measures associated with the distance travelled by the arcs, represented by the generalized cost of transport. The objective is to determine a network structure which corresponds to the distribution of passengers on the various branches capable of minimizing the total cost. This cost was considered as a useful parameter for comparing the various network scenarios which were obtained by changing the passenger load coefficient and the number of flights. Our study demonstrates that a simple intervention, aimed at the internal reallocation of the flights on the various routes, is able to guarantee categories of users (here divided into business and non-business users) greater access to air transport services. The scenario that more than others is able to improve service efficiency, granting undeniable benefits for all users without having an impact on the costs of air carriers, particularly stands out because it: • Allows access to all network airports through direct flights; • Decongests the Rome and Milan routes
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Bregoli, Ilenia. "Experience Marketing and Tourism." In Global Dynamics in Travel, Tourism, and Hospitality, 58–69. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0201-2.ch004.
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Tourism is acknowledged to be highly experiential in nature, but despite these characteristics, in the tourism literature there are few articles that adopt the Service-Dominant logic (S-D logic) for studying tourism experiences. The aim of this paper is to apply the S-D logic to the case of Addiopizzo Travel, a Mafia-free project of responsible tourism set up in Sicily, Italy. Results show the role of Addiopizzo Travel as a central node of the network of firms involved in the project and the role that interactions among Addiopizzo Travel, stakeholders, and visitors have in the co-creation of tourists' experience.
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Bregoli, Ilenia. "Experience Marketing and Tourism." In Destination Management and Marketing, 1054–65. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2469-5.ch058.
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Tourism is acknowledged to be highly experiential in nature, but despite these characteristics, in the tourism literature there are few articles that adopt the Service-Dominant logic (S-D logic) for studying tourism experiences. The aim of this paper is to apply the S-D logic to the case of Addiopizzo Travel, a Mafia-free project of responsible tourism set up in Sicily, Italy. Results show the role of Addiopizzo Travel as a central node of the network of firms involved in the project and the role that interactions among Addiopizzo Travel, stakeholders, and visitors have in the co-creation of tourists' experience.
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Zeiler, Thomas W. "Universalism, 1941–1945." In Capitalist Peace, 45—C3.F3. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197621363.003.0004.
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Abstract In September 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact, a ten-year alliance with Italy and Germany that solidified the fascist juggernaut. Failing to defeat Britain, Hitler launched a vicious war on the Soviet Union but within a few years was in retreat across Europe in the face of Allied armies. The United States also brutally pared back Imperial Japanese forces toward Tokyo in a multi-pronged land, sea, and air counter-offensive across the Pacific. In 1940, however, the Roosevelt administration was looking for ways to contain Axis power by aiding Britain and Russia and undermining Japan’s war machine. Liberal trade policy was not a war priority, but the United States’ entry into war in December 1941 ended its isolationism and convinced policymakers that a postwar world order of free trade was necessary. As protectionism abated in the emergency, planning went forth for a universal postwar capitalist peace through policies and institutions.
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D’Amico, Serena. "United by Context, Divided by Collection: The Nineteenth Century Collecting of Prehistoric Artifacts from Villafrati (Sicily, Italy)." In Collecting Antiquities from the Middle Ages to the End of the Nineteenth Century: Proceedings of the International Conference Held on March 25-26, 2021 at the Wrocław University Institute of Art History, 179–204. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381385862.08.
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In the historical framework of the newly unified Italy (1861), in parallel with the collection of the classical age materials, paleoethnological collections came to be defined following different dynamics of formation. Compared to the former, which traditionally occupied the field of the humanities, prehistoric artefacts struggled to be included among the sciences of antiquity, finding their place among the natural sciences instead. Particularly, natural caves proved to be exceptional archaeological contexts offering much more scientific data than the open-air sites about the definition of the most ancient history of Man and, for this reason, privileged places for the recovery of artifacts. The article aims to present the collecting history of the prehistoric materials coming from the caves of Mount Chiarastella, whose collection and formation practices fit into the framework of the Sicilian collecting history of the second half of the 19th century. Many actors were involved as well as purposes for the recovery of the artifacts, a fact that has led to an inevitable consequence, the dispersion of the artifacts in three public museums and the loss of their traces among private collections. Nevertheless, the multidisciplinary approach adopted in the research has made it possible to overcome the problems linked mainly to the lack of documentary sources, allowing the reconstruction of the entire history of research on the site, as well as the first faithful reading of the original archaeological context.
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Franzini, Maurizio, and Silvia Lucciarini. "The Social Costs of the Gig Economy and Institutional Responses: Forms of Institutional Bricolage in Italy, France and the Netherlands." In Digital Platforms and Algorithmic Subjectivities, 225–37. University of Westminster Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.16997/book54.q.
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This chapter, based on a field research conducted in three countries, focuses on gig workers (in particular on and off-platform), who are facing specific social costs such as precarization and instability, induced by emerging new technologies. Our main concern is whether institutions have changed in a way that would enable them to reduce the burden of these costs and, if so, to explore these changes. Historically, trade unions have been the main actor working to defend and extend workers’ rights and to protect and improve working conditions. Several other quasi-collective actors have emerged as self-employment spread, which were not always coordinated with unions, particularly in the field of social and mutual aid cooperatives and of professional associations. These emerging actors have made the overall landscape of representation much more complex. Scholars have studied these new organizations of representation and aggregation for self-employed workers predominantly by framing them as external to the traditional system of industrial relations or as bottom-up initiatives with a limited power of action. Our main argument is that the relations between old and new institutional actors are crucial, and the possibility of developing adaptation or innovative strategies also depends on them. With this perspective, it is necessary to pay the utmost attention to the state, which can play a no less important role with new organizations for the self-employed than it has had in fostering collective bargaining in the classical system of industrial relations. Moreover, evidence from fieldwork suggests that these relationships have the character of ‘institutional bricolage’, as old and new institutional actors attempt to perform new functions to adapt configurations of rules and practices to new conditions.
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Abulafia, David. "Crossing the Boundaries between Christendom and Islam, 900–1050." In The Great Sea. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195323344.003.0025.
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The enlargement of Muslim domination to include Morocco, Spain and eventually Sicily meant that the southern half of the Mediterranean became a Muslim-ruled lake, offering splendid new opportunities for trade. Jewish merchants emerge most prominently from the records. Whether this is an accident of survival, or whether they were more successful than Coptic and Syriac Christians or Muslim townsmen of North Africa, Spain and Egypt is uncertain. There are grounds for thinking that non-Muslim merchants had a distinct advantage. Muslims were constrained by legal rulings that forbade them from living or even trading in infidel lands. Over the centuries this meant that the rulers of Muslim cities in the Mediterranean opened their doors to Christian and Jewish traders, but their Muslim inhabitants were wary of venturing to Italy, Catalonia or Provence. The reason so much is known about the Jewish traders is that hundreds of their letters and business documents have survived in the collection known as the Cairo Genizah. In the mid-seventh century, the Arab invaders of Egypt established their base at Fustat (meaning ‘the Ditch’) on the edge of modern Cairo, and only later moved their capital to the surroundings of the great citadel of New Cairo. Old Cairo, or Fustat, became the base for the city’s Jewish and Coptic population; in the eleventh century one group of Jews rebuilt the Ben Ezra synagogue, incorporating on the upper floor a storeroom, or Genizah, accessible only by ladder, into which they threw and stuffed their discarded papers and manuscripts. They wished to avoid destroying anything that carried the name of God; by extension they did not destroy anything written in Hebrew characters. It has been well said that the Genizah collection is ‘the very opposite of an archive’, because the aim was to throw away documents without destroying them, in effect burying them above ground, rather than to create an accessible room that could be used for systematic reference.
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Abulafia, David. "Transformations in the West, 1391–1500." In The Great Sea. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195323344.003.0034.
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While the Ragusans benefited from their special relationship with the Turks, the Genoese and Venetians were more cautious in building ties to the Ottoman court. The sultan was anxious not to turn them away, but they viewed the eastern Mediterranean as increasingly dangerous. Difficulties were compounded by occasional arguments between the Venetians and the Mamluk sultans of Egypt, who required ever larger amounts in taxes in order to prop up their regime. The Mamluks were also a regional threat. In 1424–6 they invaded Cyprus and carried away its king, Janus, along with 6,000 captives; a ransom of 200,000 ducats had to be paid before Janus was restored to the throne, and it is said that he never laughed again. In 1444 they besieged Rhodes. In 1460 they supported a claimant to the throne of Cyprus, sending eighty ships against the island, to the horror of Christendom, for no one could understand why James of Lusignan, a bastard, would wish to enlist Egyptian aid in a bid for a throne to which he was not entitled. As Ottoman and Mamluk pressure on these areas became intolerable, the Genoese and their rivals increasingly turned their attention towards the West, buying sugar in Sicily and Spain and grain in Sicily and Morocco. The mid-fifteenth century saw a veritable economic renaissance in Genoa, at first sight against all the odds: the city was still consumed by internal strife, but large segments of the population were able to benefit from trade and investment, and the city boomed. Especially attractive were shares in the new public bank, the Banco di San Giorgio, which eventually acquired dominion over Corsica. The loss of easy access by the Genoese to the alum mines of Phokaia in Asia Minor was compensated by the discovery in 1464 of alum mines on the doorstep of Rome itself, at Tolfa; Pope Pius II described the discovery as ‘our greatest victory against the Turk’. It reduced dependence on ‘the Turk’, and yet it did not reduce dependence on the Genoese, who switched their attention to central Italy, and built a new alum monopoly there.
Conference papers on the topic "Air travel – Italy"
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Kalábová, Markéta, Zdenka Petrů, and Jakub Jarošík. "The needs of the segment of families with children as an important factor for adapting the tour operators´ offer." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-32.
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Families with children belong to an important segment of participants in both domestic and outbound tourism. Families with children are thus also an important segment for tour operators. Based on a questionnaire survey, the paper aimed to identify the needs of Czech families with children, factors, and preferences that influence their choice of a holiday abroad. The questionnaire survey results showed which needs the tour operators should consider when preparing an offer for this segment. Based on the evaluation of the answers in questionnaire, it was found that the most important factors in choosing a holiday for families with children are: the location of the accommodation facility, the safety of the destination and the price of the package tour. Most often, this segment selects package tours from the regular catalogue offer, as it has more choices, and buys them directly at stone branches, as there is an opportunity to get advice from sellers as competent persons. The most popular destinations are Greece, Spain and Italy, where families with children most often go on eight-day package tours. Families with children also generally prefer four-star all-inclusive hotels and prefer air travel.
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Ignjatijević, Svetlana, and Jelena Vapa Tankosić. "ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN PERSONAL AND BUSINESS TRAVEL SERVICES." In The Sixth International Scientific Conference - TOURISM CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19, Thematic Proceedings. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc21517si.
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The world today is facing one of the worst pandemics in modern history. Around the world, financial markets are in serious difficulties, the consequences of which have begun to spill over into the tourism sector. Covid-19 has caused sharp contractions in economic development, reduced mobility and has contacted tourism flows as the international tourist arrivals in most world sub-regions recorded declines from -60% to -70%. The aim of this paper is to analyze the international travel in the field of personal and business travel in the period of 2010-2019 exported to and imported from the Republic of Serbia. The findings show that the international travel for personal purposes has achieved the greatest value over the years, the second place is taken by travel for business purposes, whereas education-related travel achieved the third place. Exported and imported values of the category Travel, Personal and Travel, Business has the highest value of exports and imports from Serbia to European Union (EU 28), with Germany, Greece, Austria and Italy having the highest flows of exported and imported values. In 2020 Asia and the Pacific, was the region to suffer the hardest impact of Covid-19. On the second place there is Europe, followed by the Americas, Africa and the Middle East.
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Persico, G., P. Gaetani, and C. Osnaghi. "Effects of Off-Design Operating Conditions on the Blade Row Interaction in a HP Turbine Stage." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27185.
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An extensive experimental analysis on the subject of the unsteady periodic flow in a highly subsonic HP turbine stage has been carried out at the Laboratorio di Fluidodinamica delle Macchine (LFM) of the Politecnico di Milano (Italy). In this paper the blade row interaction is progressively enforced by increasing the stator and rotor blade loading and by reducing the stator-rotor axial gap from 100% (very large to smooth the rotor inlet unsteadiness) to 35% (design configuration) of the stator axial chord. The time-averaged three-dimensional flow field in the stator-rotor gap was investigated by means of a conventional five-hole probe for the nominal (0°) and an highly positive (+22°) stator incidences. The evolution of the viscous flow structures downstream of the stator is presented to characterize the rotor incoming flow. The blade row interaction was evaluated on the basis of unsteady aerodynamic measurements at the rotor exit, performed with a fast-response aerodynamic pressure probe. Results show a strong dependence of the time-averaged and phase-resolved flow field and of the stage performance on the stator incidence. The structure of the vortex-blade interaction changes significantly as the magnitude of the rotor inlet vortices increases, and very different residual traces of the stator secondary flows are found downstream of the rotor. On the contrary, the increase of rotor loading enhances the unsteadiness in the rotor secondary flows but has a little effect on the vortex-vortex interaction. For the large axial gap, a reduction of stator-related effects at the rotor exit is encountered when the stator incidence is increased as a result of the different mixing rate within the cascade gap.
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Botte, Marilisa, Domenico Puca, Bruno Montella, and Luca D’Acierno. "An Innovative Methodology for Managing Service Disruptions on Regional Rail Lines." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.134.
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Regional rail transport, albeit a major element in public mobility, is frequently affected by great vulnerability to system failure. Hence it is worth developing suitable procedures to manage rail disruption appropriately. In the particular case of breakdowns, the latter may be managed by means of shunter locomotives or empty rail convoys if the faulty convoy is able to travel in non-autonomous conditions. Obviously, the use of rescue vehicles on the line generates a disturbance with related reductions in service quality. Against this backdrop, this paper has two main aims. First, we investigate the possibility of adopting some unconventional rescue strategies based on the use of operating rail convoys or maintenance vehicles, and propose a methodology, based on a micro-simulation approach, for accurately modelling interactions among all rail system components so as to optimise management in emergency contexts. The second aim is to identify suitable intervention strategies which provide the right balance between the swiftness of rescue operations and the disturbance inflicted upon rail services during failure management. Finally, the method is applied to the ‘Naples-Sorrento’ regional rail line in southern Italy in order to show the utility and feasibility of the suggested approach.
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Jaeger, Wadim, and Victor H. Sa´chez Espinoza. "Analyses of a LBE-Diphyl THT Heat Exchanger With the System Code Trace." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48073.
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The aim of this investigation was the application of the TRACE code on a complex heat exchanger (HX) design to qualify the TRACE capabilities to simulate liquid metals as coolants. The chosen HX is related to the MEGAPIE project. The liquid LBE (lead-bismuth-eutectics) cooled target is coupled via a HX to Diphyl THT (DTHT), a diathermic fluid. At the CHEOPE test facility of ENEA in Brasimone (Italy) a mock-up of this HX has been build to investigate the heat transfer behavior between the LBE and the DTHT. Several experiments have been performed at the CHEOPE test facility. The experimental setup consists of one loop for the LBE, one for the DTHT, a HX and of a heater section which represents the target area. For this study only the HX was modeled and investigated. The experimental values for the HX entrance temperatures and mass flow rates served as boundary condition. One challenge of this post-test investigation was to model the DTHT loop because the innately TRACE version can not handle this fluid. Hence, the first step was to implement the thermal properties of DTHT into the TRACE source code. First calculated results obtained with the original TRACE version were disappointing. TRACE was not able to reproduce the HX exit temperatures. Consequently appropriate correlations for helical channel, derived from experimental investigations or CFD analyses, were implemented into TRACE. The results of the modified TRACE version were much closer to the experiments than those for the original version.
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Dellu, Elena, and Angela Sciatti. "CARE OF ANCIENT HUMAN REMAINS. CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT WITH 3D MODELING AND DBMS." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12165.
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The interaction between humanities and scientific disciplines is a slow and recent process, which is still standing influencing more and more frequently the reconstruction of our history. Ancient human remains are a significant part of our heritage, both from a cultural and biological point of view. They keep trace of our evolution at a macroscopic and genetic level; for this reason they must be adequately protected. Since 2018, the Superintendence of Archeology, Fine Arts and Landscape for the metropolitan city of Bari (Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and for Tourism of Italy) has launched a specific protocol for the management of physical anthropological finds, with the aim of protecting, knowing and enhancing them. The use of new technologies, such as 3D modeling of the finds and the management of all archaeological and anthropological data through DBMS, will allow us to carry out long-term protection. This will be the basis for achieving new studies and enhancement activities on ancient human remains, without increasing their degradation.
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Manzini, Giovanni, Ivo Kljenak, and Mantas Povilaitis. "Vented Explosion Phenomena: Hydrogen Combustion Benchmark on Confined Vessel Experiments." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60584.
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Confined vented explosion is a very complex topic as many parameters affect the phenomena, mainly because the flame front develops from an ignition source and travels through a medium which may involve complex boundary conditions and obstructions of various geometries. Therefore, in the plant safety assessing step, it is important to provide correct estimates of the flame spreading rates as well as overpressures which may result from various explosion initiation scenarios. This will help designers for plant layout optimisation with the aim to minimize the risk associated with those events. Although hydrogen explosion in unvented compartments was often simulated in the past, there were not many opportunities, so far, to simulate explosion in a vented room. With this purpose, a benchmark exercise was organized, based on simple hydrogen combustion experiments, performed in a vented compartment (Chamber for View of Explosion – CVE) at the Scalbatraio laboratory of University of Pisa (Italy). In that activity, many tests were performed by varying the initial hydrogen concentration and the obstacles inside the compartment. The numerical codes used in the benchmark were lumped-parameter (LP) ones (ECART, ASTEC), which remain, for the time being, the customary tools for simulating hydrogen combustion accidents in current NPPs, because of their fast-running calculation capabilities also for large-scale scenarios.