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Journal articles on the topic 'Air traffic control'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 September 2023

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1

Durso, Francis T., and Carol A. Manning. "Air Traffic Control." Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics 4, no. 1 (October 2008): 195–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/155723408x342853.

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Determining how the controller (or air navigation service provider) of the future will function in tomorrow's Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) will require an understanding of the existing literature. In this chapter, after an analysis of the controller's job, we focus on technology, which is an important factor in air traffic control (ATC) today and will become increasingly so in NextGen. We then turn to workload and the extent to which it can be predicted. From human-technology interaction and workload, we move to the multiple facets of cognition thought to underlie these and other aspects of the controller's job. Beyond individual cognition, we review collaboration among controllers and discuss both synchronous cooperation and the cooperative shift change. As we move up the system, we look at error, risk, and safety. Finally, we consider the work on controller selection, covering both “select-in” (KSAOs) and “select-out” (e.g., medical and suitability) factors. For NextGen to be successful, human factors researchers must determine from today's research how the human operator can best function to provide ATC services in the future.

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2

Moon, Woo-Choon, Kwang-Eui Yoo, and Youn-Chul Choi. "Air Traffic Volume and Air Traffic Control Human Errors." Journal of Transportation Technologies 01, no. 03 (2011): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jtts.2011.13007.

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3

Sukhova, T. S., O. V. Aleksashina, and O. N. Grinyuk. "AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL BASICS." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 295 (October 2021): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2021.10.pp.053-056.

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The concept of flight safety is considered, the features and purpose of the air traffic control system, the air traffic control complex, the capabilities of the system that ensure flight safety are presented.

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4

Billing, W. G., and B. V. Latter. "Air traffic control towers." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport 95, no. 4 (November 1992): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/itran.1992.21363.

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5

Gopalakrishnan, Karthik, and Hamsa Balakrishnan. "Control and Optimization of Air Traffic Networks." Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems 4, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 397–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-070720-080844.

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The air transportation system connects the world through the transport of goods and people. However, operational inefficiencies such as flight delays and cancellations are prevalent, resulting in economic and environmental impacts. In the first part of this article, we review recent advances in using network analysis techniques to model the interdependencies observed in the air transportation system and to understand the role of airports in connecting populations, serving air traffic demand, and spreading delays. In the second part, we present some of our recent work on using operational data to build dynamical system models of air traffic delay networks. We show that Markov jump linear system models capture many of the salient characteristics of these networked systems. We illustrate how these models can be validated and then used to analyze system properties such as stability and to design optimal control strategies that limit the propagation of disruptions in air traffic networks.

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6

Asirvadam, Tina Vimala, Sonali Rao S, and Balachander T. "Predicting Air Traffic Density in an Air Traffic Control Sector." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 5037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.5037ecst.

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Air traffic over Indian skies continues to increase rapidly and due to this increased demand, efforts must be made to efficiently balance demand with capacity. Air traffic flow management is a concept that allows for better demand and capacity management. It helps airlines plan routes and schedule flights. The ability to estimate the volume of air traffic is hence a critical element in flow management. Determining traffic in an ATC sector necessitates a thorough examination of various hidden parameters. The prediction is carried out using machine learning algorithms, Recurrent Neural Network, and Long Short Term Memory that examine the data and find a pattern which then anticipates the traffic in the sector at any given moment in the near future. Given the real-time data and experimental findings from this study, it is clear that Long Short Term Memory provides a clearer indicator of the study's goal.

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7

Ratcliffe, S. "Air traffic control and mid-air collisions." Electronics & Communications Engineering Journal 2, no. 5 (1990): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ecej:19900045.

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8

Straussberger, Sonja, and Dirk Schaefer. "Monotony in Air Traffic Control." Air Traffic Control Quarterly 15, no. 3 (July 2007): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/atcq.15.3.183.

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9

Noskievič, Tomáš, and Jakub Kraus. "Air Traffic Control Tools Assessment." MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development 5, no. 2 (April 15, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/mad.2017.02.01.

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<p align="LEFT">Undoubtedly air transport in today’s world wouldn’t be able to exist without any air traffic control service. As the air transport has been coming through major changes and it has been expanding, it is assumed that its volume will be doubled in the next 15 years. Air traffic control uses strictly organised procedures to ensure safe course of air operations. With the skies covered with more airplanes every year, new tools must be introduced to allow the controllers to manage this rising amount of flying aircraft and to keep the air transport safe. This paper provides a comprehensive and organized material, which describes the newest tools and systems used by air traffic control officers. It proposes improvements for further research and development of ATC tools.</p>

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10

STAGER, PAUL, and DONALD HAMELUCK. "Ergonomics in air traffic control." Ergonomics 33, no. 4 (April 1990): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139008927156.

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11

Nitschke, Geoff. "Cooperating air traffic control agents." Applied Artificial Intelligence 15, no. 2 (February 2001): 209–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/088395101750065778.

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12

Halverson, Christine A. "Traffic Management in Air Control." ACM SIGOIS Bulletin 15, no. 2 (December 1994): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/192611.1023974.

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13

Ort, Markus. "Displays in air traffic control." Information Design Journal 11, no. 1 (September 26, 2003): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.11.1.04ort.

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Commercial aviation is becoming more and more important these days. From year to year there is an accelerated increase in the density of air traffic. The resulting fast growth in the flow of data between controllers and the technical systems they use, as well as that between controller and pilot, calls for new means of communication and visualization of information and interaction with it. Revised concepts for air traffic control must be applied, to deal safely with the increasing volume of traffic in the future. The main focus must be on designing an appropriate interface to support the interaction between ground and cockpit, making the communication as efficient, convenient and secure as possible. This undoubtedly goes further than just making information accessible in a digital format. Despite the importance and complexity of the subject, interdisciplinary projects to achieve this were launched only recently. However, as time goes on, more ergonomics specialists, psychologists and designers are working in this field dominated by engineers and programmers. So far, only a few cooperative projects have been undertaken between information designers, interaction designers and air traffic control specialists to create new interface solutions. This is all the more surprising since the structuring and visualization of this immense flow of data, the mapping of dynamic processes and the search for new means of communication constitute a highly interesting field. There is a strong belief that only such cooperation can lead to a coherent product, if interfaces are to be developed which can unfold the potential of the new Datalink-technology. The project described in this article was undertaken at the Design Department of the University of Applied Sciences Cologne, in cooperation with engineers from the Berlin University of Technology/ Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics/ Section Flight Guidance and Transportation and IT-specialists and air traffic controllers from Skyguide (Zürich and Geneva). After a brief summary of the general situation in air traffic control and the work that controllers do, my aim in this article is to present a feasible interface solution for the arrival/departure sector, one of the most crucial areas of air traffic control.

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14

Bretz, E. A. "UK privatizes air traffic control." IEEE Spectrum 38, no. 6 (June 2001): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2001.925284.

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15

YAMAMOTO, Kazuo. "Future of Air Traffic Control." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 114, no. 1116 (2011): 809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.114.1116_809.

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16

Krois, Paul A., David R. Lenorovitz, Patrick S. McKeon, Christine A. Snyder, Wayne K. Tobey, and Howard S. Bashinski. "Air Traffic Control Facility Lighting." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 35, no. 8 (September 1991): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118191786754725.

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17

Maxwell, Victor B. "Stress in air traffic control." Stress Medicine 2, no. 1 (January 1986): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smi.2460020107.

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18

Berry, Peter. "North Atlantic air traffic control." Aeronautical Journal 94, no. 939 (November 1990): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000023204.

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In 1989, more than 29 million passengers were flown across the North Atlantic Ocean in 167 000 scheduled and non-scheduled flights. At peak times during the Summer months, a trans-Atlantic flight was crossing the Shanwick Oceanic Control boundary every minute and more than 200 flights were reporting between 10 and 50 degrees West. Traffic counts exceeded 750 flights a day.The following account describes the more recent improvements to North Atlantic air traffic control, the early introduction of computers to the task, with their on-line data interchange between Oceanic Control Centres and the current computer supported services provided by the Shanwick and Gander Oceanic Area Control Centres.

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19

Ribas, Valdenilson Ribeiro, Hugo André de Lima Martins, Gutemberg Guerra Amorim, Renata de Melo Guerra Ribas, Cláudia Ângela Vilela de Almeida, Valéria Ribeiro Ribas, Carlos Augusto Carvalho de Vasconcelos, Murilo Duarte Costa Lima, Everton Botelho Sougey, and Raul Manhães de Castro. "Air traffic control activity increases attention capacity in air traffic controllers." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 4, no. 3 (September 2010): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642010dn40300015.

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Abstract Air traffic controllers simultaneously develop complex and multiple tasks in the course of their activities. In this context, concern is raised over the high level of attention needed by these professionals which can ultimately be affected by stress and fatigue. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess attention level in air traffic controllers (ATCo). Methods: 45 flight protection professionals were evaluated, comprising 30 ATCo, subdivided into ATCo with ten or more years in the profession (ATCo³10, n=15) and ATCo with less than ten years in the profession (ATCo <10, n=15) and 15 aeronautical information services operators (AIS), subdivided into AIS with ten years or more in the profession (AIS³10, n=8) and AIS with less than ten years in the profession (AIS <10, n=7), who were included as the control group. The digit symbol, d2 (the individual marks the letter d on a specific form containing 14 lines with 47 letters in each, maintaining focus on letter d followed by two dashes), forward digit span, backward digit span and PASAT (paced auditory serial addition test) attention tests were used. Kruskal-Wallis was used and data expressed as Median (Minimum and Maximum) with p<0.05. Results: The ATCo³10 presented greater focus of attention, sustained attention, mental manipulation and resistance to interference capacity compared to the AIS³10. Comparison of ATCo³10 to the AIS<10 showed they presented only greater resistance to interference, and when compared to the ATCo<10 presented lower focus. Conclusions: The air traffic control activity after ten years may be associated with a high level of attention.

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20

Gawade, Makarand, and Yu Zhang. "Synthesis of Remote Air Traffic Control System and Air Traffic Controllers’ Perceptions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2600, no. 1 (January 2016): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2600-06.

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21

Howland, J. W. "Digital air/ground communications for air traffic control." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 9, no. 4 (April 1994): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/62.277749.

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22

Majumdar, Arnab, and Washington Yotto Ochieng. "Air Traffic Control Complexity and Safety." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2007, no. 1 (January 2007): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2007-09.

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23

Schulman, Paul R., and Johan M. Sanne. "Creating Safety in Air Traffic Control." Administrative Science Quarterly 46, no. 2 (June 2001): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2667093.

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24

Wium, Jóhann, and Jennifer Eaglestone. "Job Analysis for Air Traffic Control." Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors 12, no. 1 (March 2022): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000218.

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Abstract. This article presents a review and categorization of job analyses on the role of air traffic controllers (ATCO). There are three parts – how the role has been conceptualized, why it was conceptualized in this manner, and what we can conclude from developments in ATCO job analysis. The article includes a history of job analysis in air traffic control and two tables summarizing task and worker analyses. A large amount of information is available on tasks and attributes and we conclude that ATCO job analyses have been carried out in a varied and disunited manner. While there is no universally accepted analysis for the role of ATCO, previous analyses could nonetheless be used as a foundation for future analytic work.

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25

Dabare, Poshitha, GKA Dias, Aruni Nisansala, Maheshya Weerasinghe, Damitha Sandaruwan, Nihal Kodikara, Chamath Keppitiyagama, Nuwan Dhammika, Chamal Lakshika, and Ishan Buddhika. "FOSS BASED AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SIMULATOR." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 12 (December 31, 2016): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i12.2016.2406.

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This paper presents an analysis of the significance of Air Traffic Control (ATC) simulators in training, and focuses on the development of low cost, high awareness ATC simulator on a 3D virtual environment, using Free and Open Source Aircraft simulator named Flightgear. Here it has proposed a scenario based ATC officer control method covering the all three phases; tower control, approach and enroute control.

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26

Zhang, Qing Feng. "Optimal Control of Air Traffic Networks." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 3300–3303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.3300.

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This article will focus on the study of the dynamic dead reckoning algorithm .Dead reckoning technology is the basis for high- traffic and high -density complex airspace management , air traffic is an important component of automated decision-making system . In airspace management , all of the traffic management strategies can be generated by the aircraft 's forecast track . Depending on the precise spatial location and route on expected over time , dead reckoning implementation will significantly reduce the uncertainty in the future of aircraft flight paths , which makes the airspace and airport resources are efficiently used , the safety of an aircraft in the airspace the problem is further protection.

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27

NAGAOKA, Sakae. "Technological Changes in Air Traffic Control." Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 134, no. 4 (2014): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.134.220.

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28

Akselsson, R., C. Källqvist, V. Bednarek, M. Cepciansky, A. Trollås, R. Davies, J. Eriksson, R. Olsson, and G. Johansson. "Virtual Reality in Air Traffic Control." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 33 (July 2000): 6–273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403353.

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29

Yuditsky, Tanya, and Randy L. Sollenberger. "Alternatives for Air Traffic Control Displays." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 45, no. 2 (October 2001): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120104500222.

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30

Cummings, M. L., and Chris Tsonis. "Deconstructing Complexity in Air Traffic Control." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 1 (September 2005): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900107.

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While previous research has addressed air traffic controller workload as a function of cognitive complexity due to environmental and to a lesser degree, organizational factors, significantly less attention has been paid to the role of displays and complexity in the ATC environment. One drawback to new display technology is that in dynamic human supervisory control domains, it is not always clear whether a decision support interface actually alleviates or contributes to the problem of complexity. In an attempt to quantify the influence of environmental and display complexity factors on cognitive complexity, an experiment was conducted to determine if these two components could be effectively measured. Results revealed that the environmental factor of increasing aircraft number affected subject performance only slightly more than the display complexity factor of increased color categories. These findings are important because the use of color in displays is meant to reduce environmental complexity, not add to it.

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31

Debelack, A. S., J. D. Dehn, L. L. Muchinsky, and D. M. Smith. "Next generation air traffic control automation." IBM Systems Journal 34, no. 1 (1995): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/sj.341.0063.

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32

Shorrock, Steven T., and Anne Isaac. "Mental Imagery in Air Traffic Control." International Journal of Aviation Psychology 20, no. 4 (September 30, 2010): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2010.487008.

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33

Sheridan, T. B., I. Park, J. Meyer, T. Juergensohn, S. J. Landry, and Y. M. Yufik. "Conflict Monitoring in Air Traffic Control." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 34, no. 16 (September 2001): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)41579-5.

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34

Mkrttchian, Vardan, and Knarik Mkrtchyan. "Air Traffic Control Automation in Armenia." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 33, no. 12 (June 2000): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)37279-8.

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35

Stonor, Thomas. "Air Traffic Control Today and Tomorrow." Journal of Navigation 44, no. 2 (May 1991): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300009887.

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Life is more intense today than was shown in the film, and direction finding is somewhat more precise. We now know where aircraft are, rather than where they were some minutes earlier, (for at least most of the time!) and not every air traffic controller we employ speaks like an early BBC announcer.

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36

Reynolds, Linda. "Colour for air traffic control displays." Displays 15, no. 4 (October 1994): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-9382(94)90070-1.

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37

Majumdar, Arnab. "Air traffic control problems in Europe." Journal of Air Transport Management 1, no. 3 (September 1994): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-6997(94)90038-8.

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38

Arvidsson, Marcus, Curt R. Johansson, Åsa Ek, and Roland Akselsson. "Organizational climate in air traffic control." Applied Ergonomics 37, no. 2 (March 2006): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2005.06.005.

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39

David, Hugh. "Measures of Stress/Strain on Air Traffic Controllers in Simulated Air Traffic Control." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 37 (July 2000): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403737.

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This poster summarises, in symbolic form, thirty years of experience at the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre (EEC) in the assessment of the workload placed on controllers, Stress (= Ss) and their reactions to stress, Strain (= St). The accompanying pamphlets go into more detail about the specific techniques. See also the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre Website “ www.eurocontrol.fr ”.

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40

Bregman, Howard L., Warren L. McCabe, and William G. Sutcliffe. "Capturing Air Traffic Controller Expertise for Incorporation in Automated Air Traffic Control Systems." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 16 (October 1988): 1031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803201608.

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Under Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) sponsorship, MITRE's Human Performance Assessment Group is contributing to the design of an expert system to support air traffic control. We are working closely with a team of expert, full-performance-level air traffic controllers to capture the formal and informal rules they use in maintaining flight safety and efficiency. This paper documents our approach to working with these experts, the results of using that approach, and a distillation of lessons learned.

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41

Grant Zietsman, Grant Zietsman, and Reza Malekian Grant Zietsman. "Modelling of a Speech-to-Text Recognition System for Air Traffic Control and NATO Air Command." 網際網路技術學刊 23, no. 7 (December 2022): 1527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022122307008.

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<p>Accent invariance in speech recognition is a chal- lenging problem especially in the are of aviation. In this paper a speech recognition system is developed to transcribe accented speech between pilots and air traffic controllers. The system allows handling of accents in continuous speech by modelling phonemes using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with Gaussian mixture model (GMM) probability density functions for each state. These phonemes are used to build word models of the NATO phonetic alphabet as well as the numerals 0 to 9 with transcriptions obtained from the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) pronouncing dictionary. Mel-Frequency Cepstral Co-efficients (MFCC) with delta and delta-delta coefficients are used for the feature extraction process. Amplitude normalisation and covariance scaling is implemented to improve recognition accuracy. A word error rate (WER) of 2% for seen speakers and 22% for unseen speakers is obtained.</p> <p> </p>

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42

Ahrenhold, Nils, Ingrid Gerdes, Thorsten Mühlhausen, and Annette Temme. "Validating Dynamic Sectorization for Air Traffic Control Due to Climate Sensitive Areas: Designing Effective Air Traffic Control Strategies." Aerospace 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2023): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10050405.

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Dynamic sectorization is a powerful possibility to balance the controller workload with respect to traffic flows changing over time. A multi-objective optimization system analyzes the traffic flow over time and determines suitable time-dependent sectorizations. Our dynamic sectorization system is integrated into a radar display as part of a working environment for air traffic controllers. A use case defining climate-sensitive areas leads to changes in traffic flows. When using the system, three controllers are assessed in two scenarios: the developed controller assistance system and the work in a dynamic airspace sectorization environment. We performed a concept validation in which we evaluated how controllers cope with sectors adapting to the traffic flow. The solution was rated as highly applicable by the involved controllers. The trials revealed the necessity to adapt the current procedures and define new aspects more precisely. In this paper, we present the developed environment and the theoretical background as well as the traffic scenarios. Furthermore, we describe the integration in an Air Traffic Management (ATM) environment and the questionnaires developed to assess the functionality of the dynamic sectorization approach. Finally, we present a proposal to enhance controller guidelines in order to cope with situations emerging from dynamic sectorizations, including naming conventions and phraseology.

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43

Su, Te-Jen, Kun-Liang Lo, Feng-Chun Lee, and Yuan-Hsiu Chang. "Aircraft approaching service of terminal control based on fuzzy control." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 22n24 (August 14, 2020): 2040142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220401426.

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Aircraft approaching is the most dangerous phase in every complete flight. To solve the pressure of air traffic controllers and the landings delayed problems caused by the huge air traffic flow in Terminal Control Area (TCA), an automatic Air Traffic Control (ATC) instructions system is initially designed in this paper. It applies the fuzzy theory to make instant and appropriate decisions which can be transmitted via Controller-Pilot Datalink Communications (CPDLC). By means of the designed system, the decision-making time can be saved and the human factors can be reduced to avoid the flight accidents and further delays in aircraft approaching.

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44

Han, Shah, and Lee. "Holographic Mixed Reality System for Air Traffic Control and Management." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 15, 2019): 3370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163370.

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Based on a long-term prediction by the International Civil Aviation Organization indicating steady increases in air traffic demand throughout the world, the workloads of air traffic controllers are expected to continuously increase. Air traffic control and management (ATC/M) includes the processing of various unstructured composite data along with the real-time visualization of aircraft data. To prepare for future air traffic, research and development intended to effectively present various complex navigation data to air traffic controllers is necessary. This paper presents a mixed reality-based air traffic control system for the improvement of and support for air traffic controllers’ workflow using mixed reality technology that is effective for the delivery of information such as complex navigation data. The existing control systems involve difficulties in information access and interpretation. Therefore, taking notice of the necessity for the integration of air traffic control systems, this study presents the mixed reality (MR) system, which is a new approach, that enables the control of air traffic in interactive environments. This system is provided in a form usable in actual operational environments with a head-mounted see-through display installed with a controller to enable more structured work support. In addition, since this system can be controlled first-hand by air traffic controllers, it provides a new experience through improved work efficiency and productivity.

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45

Demirhan, İsmail, Abit Balin, and Abdullah Okumuş. "An Overview of Air Traffic and Effective Air Traffic Control Strategies for Istanbul Airport." Journal of Transportation and Logistics 6, no. 1 (June 19, 2021): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jtl.2021.814387.

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46

Janić, Milan. "A model of air traffic control sector capacity based on air traffic controller workload." Transportation Planning and Technology 20, no. 4 (December 1997): 311–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081069708717596.

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47

Harendt, B., and H. Kesselmeier. "Dual Design of Computer-Based Air Traffic Control Systems - Examples from European Air Traffic -." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 28, no. 23 (September 1995): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)46639-0.

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48

Cardosi, Kim. "Operational Errors in Air Traffic Control Towers." Air Traffic Control Quarterly 10, no. 2 (April 2002): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/atcq.10.2.147.

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49

Schroeder, David J., and Francis T. Durso. "Foreword Human Factors in Air Traffic Control." Air Traffic Control Quarterly 16, no. 2 (April 2008): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/atcq.16.2.99.

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