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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Air quality'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 September 2024

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1

Smith, Kim Anne. "Transportation and air quality." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19915.

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2

Rahmani, Mariam. "Indoor Air Quality Measurements." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2003. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/415.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf
Bachelors
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering
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3

McCormick, Suzanne. "Air and Water Quality." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295707.

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4

Tang, Hing-fai. "Breathe the air in Hong Kong air quality sustainability /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25700698.

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Wong, Yue-kwong Michael. "Air quality and urban development /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21301517.

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6

Tong, Wai-fong. "A study of suspended airborne particulates monitoring in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1873442X.

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7

Cheung, Ho-kwong. "Apportionment of air particulate sources in Hong Kong : development of sampling and analytical methods for the determination of organic and inorganic compounds /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18037616.

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8

Marsik, Tomas. "Developing computer models to study the effect of outdoor air quality on indoor air for the purpose of enhancing indoor air quality." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3286622.

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9

Amissah, Patrick Ken. "Indoor air quality : combining air humidity with construction moisture." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21574.

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The project aims to improve the modelling of moisture transfers at internal surfaces by linking the finite volumes representing the Heat, Air and Moisture (HAM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) domains. Conflation of both models facilitates the detailed study of moisture flow as it impacts on indoor air quality and occupant health. The thesis lays down the conceptual framework for the subsequent development of an indoor air quality analytical tool. The work thus improves the modelling of construction feature risk assessment, for example, moisture absorption and desorption at the internal fabric surfaces in as much as it relates to indoor air quality. Through such an improvement, an indoor air quality analytical tool for the prediction of time-varying temperature/humidity conditions at specific locations within the building is enabled and subsequently these conditions may be related to the likely occurrence of mould. Humidity in indoor spaces is one of the most important factors in the determination of indoor air quality. High indoor humidity is a major contributor to the accumulation of moisture in the building envelope. This often results in dampness within the building envelope and subsequent health-related problems for the occcupants. Moderation of the indoor relative humidity, temperature and moisture content of the indoor air amongst others is a pre-requisite for a healthy building because it affects the perception of indoor air quality, thermal comfort, occupant health (asthma, respiratory illness, etc), building durability, material emission and energy consumption. Excessively high relative humidity promotes the growth of moulds and mildew on building surfaces. The basis for the envisaged conflation evolves around the boundary layer theory as it pertains to the velocity, thermal and concentration profiles associated with flow parallel to a flat surface, a phenomenon which is recognised as being similar in nature to buoyancy-driven convective heat transfer within building enclosures (White 1988). Within the framework of modelling of indoor air flows, the conflated modelling approach is very much dependent upon the treatment of the internal surface convection, for example, in the conflation of HAM and CFO models. This is referred to as the pivot point for the handshaking between HAM and CFO modelling domains. Within the framework of this project, the pivot point refers to the treatment of surface convection mass transfer at the internal surface to facilitate the hand shaking between HAM and CFO modelling domains. The two-time step coupling approach based on the loose coupling algorithm is adapted for the conflation. The technique involves a process whereby the HAM and CFO models are processed independently but exchange information at the interface at every time-step. The numerical method for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations is based on the co-located grid arrangement, whereby all flow variables are defined in the centre of the grid cells. The transport equations are integrated for each grid cell and the Gauss Theorem applied to yield an integral over the cell face. These cell face integrals are then approximated using interpolation of the cell centred data. For the resolution of flow in the near-wall regime, the Low-Reynolds number k-ε turbulence model is used. A configuration mechanism with a rules-based moisture control algorithm to facilitate the handshaking of the HAM and CFO domains is presented. Methods for the solution of problems due to moisture migration across the interface, which are effected through variation of the convective mass transfer coefficient, hm, through variation of the standard k-ε turbulence model, namely the lowReynolds number model with its embedded wall damping functions and through adjustment of the source terms of governing transport equations of the CFO and HAM models are also discussed.
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10

鄧慶輝 and Hing-fai Tang. "Breathe the air in Hong Kong air quality sustainability." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255310.

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11

Howanitz, Jason Edward. "Evaluation of commuter air quality." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010r/howanitz.pdf.

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12

Curti, Valerio. "Indoor air quality and moulds." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22721.

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13

Adler, Stuart Alan. "Indoor air quality and architecture." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23178.

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14

Wong, Yue-kwong Michael, and 黃宇光. "Air quality and urban development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254433.

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15

Choi, Daeyoung. "Participatory Air Quality Monitoring System." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276047032.

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16

Wong, Ming-hong Daniel. "A study of passive sampling and modelling techniques for urban air pollution determination /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2093385X.

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17

Chen, Jack Chi-Mou. "Short-term air quality forecasts for the Pacific Northwest and long-range global change predictions for the U.S." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2007/j_chen_051007.pdf.

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18

Allgeier, Andrew R. "Air quality monitoring in the Teton and Gros Ventre Wilderness areas a mixed methods approach /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1939120961&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Huang, Pong-Lai. "Modelling of air quality in street canyons /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202003%20HUANG.

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20

Chan, Sik-foon Joyce. "Application of cluster analysis to identify sources of particulate matter in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1470920X.

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21

Park, Sun-kyoung. "Particulate modeling and control strategy for Atlanta, Georgia." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-11212005-222159/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Mulholland, James, Committee Member ; Bergin, Michael, Committee Member ; Russell, Armistead, Committee Chair ; Wang, Yuhang, Committee Member ; Nenes, Athanasios, Committee Member. Vita.
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22

Schuh, Christine. "Performance indicators for indoor air quality." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/NQ54809.pdf.

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23

Yontz, Raymond Reese. "AN OVERVIEW OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY." MSSTATE, 2003. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04082003-080526/.

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This thesis is designed to introduce beginning and experienced heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) engineers to common indoor air quality (IAQ) problems and solutions. The bulk of the work is a literature review of common pollutants, pollutant sources, HVAC equipment and systems, and remediation techniques. Pollutants covered include fungi, bacteria, dust mites, viruses, biofilms, microbiological volatile organic compounds (MVOC?s), volatile organic compounds (VOC?s), carbon dioxide, ozone, and radon. The HVAC systems covered are ventilation, direct expansion (DX), desiccant dehumidification, and system filters. The remediation techniques discussed are proper hygiene and maintenance, increased ventilation, humidity control, and proper selection of building materials.
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24

Barrett, S. R. H. "The air quality impacts of aviation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596408.

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This thesis takes a multi-scale approach to addressing the issue of air quality and human health impacts attributable to aviation. In particular, processes at the exhaust plume (~ 1 km), local (~ 10 km), regional (~ 1000 km) and global (~ 10 000 km) scale are addressed. At the plume scale, a three-dimensional integral plume model is developed and applied to elucidate aspects of near-field dispersion processes. A new method for approximating dispersion at the local scale is developed, which allows the air quality in the vicinity of large numbers of airports to be rapidly estimated. At the regional and global scales, an atmospheric chemistry-transport model is adapted to understand the intercontinental transport of aircraft pollution. This thesis includes the first estimate of the number of premature mortalities attributable to aviation worldwide. A key finding is that aircraft cruise emissions are more important in terms of their total public health impacts than landing and takeoff (LTO) emissions. On this basis, it may be appropriate to change aircraft emissions regulations, which currently only cover LTO emissions on the assumption that cruise emissions do not degrade air quality.
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25

Fong, Kin-wa, and 方健華. "Air quality monitoring in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252606.

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26

Muncaster, Gary M. "Vehicle emissions and roadside air quality." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1996. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/11701/.

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Individual carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions were monitored from passing vehicles using the Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test at four survey sites (Bounds Green Road, Haringey (site A); Dixons Bank, Middlesborough (site B); Abbey Street, Southwark (site C); Uppingham Road, Leicester (site D)}. The remotely measured emissions data is described in terms of fleet emissions, model year emissions and model year contribution to fleet emissions. It was found that there were a large majority of low emitting vehicles contributing little to fleet emissions and a small minority of high emitting vehicles contributing significant proportions to fleet emissions. Model year analysis suggested a low association between vehicle age and mean emissions prior to 1983 but a much improved relationship after 1983. Analysis of model year contributions to fleet emissions shows new gross polluters to be the largest contributors and older vehicles playing only a minor role. The concentrations of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in air were monitored, in conjunction with the FEAT measurement, at various distances from the road (roadside (on the kerb)), kerbside (3 metres from the road), 7.5 metres and 15 metres from the road). A decrease of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide concentrations with distance from the road was noted for all sites with the exception of site D where meteorological parameters exerted a greater influence upon air quality than did distance from the road. The expected increase of NO2 concentration with distance from the road, as NO is oxidised to NO2, did not occur. Moreover, NO2 concentrations decreased with distance from the road. However, the production of NO2 by oxidation of NO can be inferred in two ways. Firstly, a much more gradual decline in concentrations with distance from the road was noted for NO2 compared to CO and NO, possibly due to NO2 production counteracting the reduction in concentration caused by dispersion. Secondly, an analysis of the change of ratios between nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide with distance from the road reveals a relative increase of NO2 with distance. The air quality data were compared with the remotely measured vehicle emissions data, wind speed and wind direction. A statistical examination of the data was undertaken on a halfhourly and five minute basis (no wind data was available on a five minute basis). The halfhourly analyses for both CO and NOx produced positive correlations between vehicle emissions data and air quality, and predominantly negative correlations between wind speed and air quality. Both positive and negative correlations were observed between wind direction and CO/NOx air quality . Regression analyses were undertaken where the results were statistically significant at a 0.1 level. This reduced the sample size for CO to data collected on eight individual sampling days and to only two days for NOx• All the analysed CO sampling days recorded r2 values of greater than 0.5, such that for each sampling day at least half the variation in CO air quality is explained by the variation in on-road vehicle emissions, wind speed and wind direction. The two analysed NOx sampling days recorded r values of approximately 0.8. The five minute analyses produced were less statistically significant giving only a low degree of correlation between CO and NOx air quality and on-road vehicle emissions. Regression analyses were undertaken for only two days for CO and only one day for NOx.
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Aji, John Pushpam Joseph. "Wireless Air Quality and Emission Monitoring." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295992.

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There has been an influx of air-quality systems in indoor and outdoor environments. The main purpose of these systems is to gauge the air quality with parameters known to cause harmful effects to humans. Generally, an index is drawn by using these parameters to indicate the scale of pollution. Existing work in outdoor air quality systems spans across community driven sensing, mobile sensing, and city or nationally supported sensing. The large body of related work appears fragmented, and has not shown to be explored in a cradle to grave fashion. This thesis explores an integrated system built using wireless sensor network for measuring air quality in the city of Uppsala, Sweden. An in-depth study was performed to evaluate the operational performance of the system, assess the quality of data, comparison with reference monitoring stations, and analysis to study patterns.
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Aleti, Poojitha. "Sustainable Ambient Air Quality Monitoring System." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2226.

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Deterioration of air quality is a growing concern in the world. Air pollution causes serious health problems and also can sometimes result in death. In order to assess air quality, long term and continuous monitoring of pollutant levels in ambient air are needed, such monitoring is often expensive, cumbersome, and resource intensive and so the monitoring programs often fail to succeed. This research focused on designing an ambient air monitoring system by integrating (1) low-cost sensor with a battery, (2) repurposed materials to fabricate all-weather housing for air monitors, and (3) electronics needed to download the data to an on-site secure digital (SD) card, and to push the data wirelessly to the server. This monitoring system was tested at the selected locations in Harvey and Marrero Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by monitoring hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels. Preliminary analysis was done for few days and also, the results were analyzed.
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Mahoney, G. D. "Aspects of urban air quality management." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415744.

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30

Zhu, Zhaochen. "Computational methods in air quality data." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/402.

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In this thesis, we have investigated several computational methods on data assimilation for air quality prediction, especially on the characteristic of sparse matrix and the underlying information of gradient in the concentration of pollutant species. In the first part, we have studied the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for chemical species simulation in air quality forecast data assimilation. The main contribution of this paper is to study the sparse data observations and make use of the matrix structure of the Kalman filter updated equations to design an algorithm to compute the analysis of chemical species in the air quality forecast system efficiently. The proposed method can also handle the combined observations from multiple species together. We have applied the proposed method and tested its performance for real air quality data assimilation. Numerical examples have demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed computational method for Kalman filter update, and the effectiveness of the proposed method for NO2, NO, CO, SO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 in air quality data assimilation. Within the third part, we have set up an automatic workflow to connect the management system of the chemical transport model - CMAQ with our proposed data assimilation methods. The setup has successfully integrated the data assimilation into the management system and shown that the accuracy of the prediction has risen to a new level. This technique has transformed the system into a real-time and high-precision system. When the new observations are available, the predictions can then be estimated almost instantaneously. Then the agencies are able to make the decisions and respond to the situations immediately. In this way, citizens are able to protect themselves effectively. Meanwhile, it allows the mathematical algorithm to be industrialized implying that the improvements on data assimilation have directly positive effects on the developments of the environment, the human health and the society. Therefore, this has become an inspiring indication to encourage us to study, achieve and even devote more research into this promising method.
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31

Abdullah, Abdul Hamid. "Petroleum refining and air quality management." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45573.

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Management of the air quality surrounding Petroleum Refineries deserves attention because the industry contributes almost five percent of the total emissions from all anthropogenic sources. A document containing a complete set of guidelines for use in the refining industry which satisfies the current and anticipated air quality legislations and regulations in the U.S. is necessary. In the past, several documents have been prepared, but have not included a complete coverage of the air quality management as currently needed. Furthermore, due to the continuing revisions of the Clean Air Act, a document with current, updated regulations and air quality management principles is necessary. This study dealt with a broad range of topics including characteristics of emissions, control technology applied, regulations and legislative issues, monitoring and modeling practices, and issues of the 1980s together with future projections and implications. Air quality regulations and standards are periodically revised and are becoming more stringent with time. Issues like acid rain may lead to even more stringent emission standards if investigations carried out currently reveal that the refineries are significant contributors. Great measures are taken to control emissions from the refineries either by using good control equipment or using other alternative control strategies. Small operating refineries are closing down due to changing conditions. An agglomeration and or expansion of the existing refining capacity is occurringn The air quality trends associated with this transition in the industry are discussed.


Master of Science
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32

Franzén, Jonathan, Eric Jonsson, Marcus Nordstrom, and William Sandkvist. "Logging System for Air Quality Mapping." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413080.

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An urgent issue in today’s society is the large emissions of air pollutants and CO2. Aside from being extremely harmful to the environment, these emissions can also be particularly unhealthy for inhabitants of metropolitan areas. To help combat this issue, a system for measuring air quality over larger areas is required. In this project a system for mobile air quality mapping was developed, based on an earlier prototype. The system is able to log CO2 levels over large areas, and communicate the measurements to a server when connected to WiFi. The measurements are thereafter inserted into a database, where measurements of several sensors can be stored and accessed. The final version resulted in a system efficiently mapping and storing measurements in a database. This is done whenever a WiFi connection is available for a sensor tracker module. While connected, the module sends measurements to the server in real-time. When a tracker module initiates a WiFi connection, it also uploads any measurements taken while the module was offline. While the system lacks some aspects of scalability and easy configuration, the developed system is largely automated when configured.
Ett akut problem i dagens samhälle är stora utsläpp av luftföroreningar och CO2. Detta är inte bara extremt dåligt för miljön, utan kan också vara speciellt ohälsosamt för invånare i storstadsområden. För att bättre kunna lösa detta problem behövs ett system som kan mäta luftkvalitet över större områden. I detta projekt utvecklades ett system, som var baserat på en tidigare prototyp, för mobil kartläggning av luftkvalitet. Systemet kan logga, spara och kartlägga CO2. Med hjälp av GPS och WiFi-kommunikation kan systemet logga data över ett större område, jämfört med tidigare lösningar som använde sig av mätstationer på fasta platser. System kan logga CO2-nivåer över stora ytor och kommunicera mätvärdena till en server när enheten är ansluten till WiFi. Mätvärdena förs därefter in i databasen, där mätvärden från flera sensorer kan lagras och hämtas. Den slutgiltiga versionen resulterade i ett system som effectivt mappar och lagrar mätvärden i en databas. Detta görs vid de tillfällen en WiFi-anslutning finns tillängling för en sensor tracker modul. Medans modulen är ansluten skickar den mätvärden till en server i realtid. När en tracker modul initierar en WiFi-anslutning laddar den även upp de mätvärden som tagits medan modulen varit offline. Medans systemet saknar vissa aspekter av skalbarhet och enkel konfiguration, så är det utvecklade systemet till stor del automatiserat efter konfiguration.
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Pavilonis, Brian Thomas. "Rural air quality and respiratory health." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2956.

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Chapter II describes results from 197 rural households that were sampled over five continuous days for indoor and outdoor PM10, PM2.5, and endotoxin. Geometric mean indoor concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 (21.2 πg m-3, 12.2 πg m-3) were larger than outdoor concentrations (19.6 πg m-3, 8.2 πg m-3; p =0.072, p<0.001). While geometric mean endotoxin levels were almost six times larger in outdoor air compared to indoor (1.47 EU m-3, 0.23 EU m-3; p <0.001). Airborne PM10 and endotoxin concentrations in a rural county were elevated compared to those previously reported in certain urban areas. Furthermore, during the harvest season, concentrations of endotoxin in ambient air approached levels that have been shown to cause decreased respiratory function in occupational workers. Chapter III evaluated the effectiveness of using Radiello passive monitors to measure hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in close proximity (<40 m) to a medium sized CAFO. A total of eight passive H2S monitors were deployed 7-14 days around a swine confinement for seven months. Additionally, a separate laboratory study was carried out to determine the monitor's H2S uptake rate. Concentrations of H2S measured near the confinement were varied and ranged from 0.6 to 95 ppb depending on the sampling period and proximity to the lagoon .The uptake rate provided by the supplier (0.096 ng ppb-1 min-1) was significantly larger (p=0.002) than the rate determined experimentally (0.062 ng ppb-1 min-1). In Chapter IV we evaluated the association between residential proximity to swine operations and childhood asthma. A metric was created to determine children's relative environmental exposure to swine CAFOs which incorporated facility size and distance and direction of the CAFO to the home. When controlling for six significant asthma risk factors, children with a larger relative environmental exposure to CAFOs had a significantly increased risk of physician-diagnosed asthma (OR=1.20, p=0.009). In stratified analysis that adjusted for a respiratory infection before the age of two years, the association between relative exposure and childhood asthma was significantly increased in children with a respiratory infection (OR=1.45, p=0.001) but not in children free from respiratory infection (OR=1.12, p=0.355).
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Montgomery, James. "Air filtration : predicting and improving indoor air quality and energy performance." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54074.

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Air filtration is used to reduce particle concentrations in the indoor environment to provide improved occupant health due to reduced exposure. Increased focus on occupant health in emerging design standards is leading to the installation of higher efficiency filtration systems. These systems generally have higher resistance to flow and therefore impose a greater energy penalty. Previous air filter models have used simplified assumptions with regards to the dynamics of filter operation, which have limited the potential to determine energy efficiency or optimization approaches to system design and operation. This dissertation focuses on developing an improved air filter model to investigate the potential for system modifications to reduce energy consumption and improve indoor air quality (IAQ) within commercial buildings. A new air filter performance model was developed using generalizable results from ASHRAE Standard 52.2-2012 and validated against laboratory and real-world experiments. The results showed better agreement with laboratory tests than with real operation. The filter model was combined with existing indoor particle dynamics and epidemiological models to determine the impacts of changes to system operation through monetization of operation costs and health benefits. Laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate the role that particle properties and relative humidity play in determining the filter performance changes with the aim of better understanding the reasons for discrepancies in operation between laboratory and field filter tests. Operation can now be optimized by accounting for dynamic characteristics of filter performance. Benefits of improved filtration efficiency were found to outweigh added costs. Adopting specific indoor particle concentration limits is recommended to replace existing specifications relying on filter efficiency. System designs can then be optimized to account for local particle concentration and energy costs. A number of system design changes have been highlighted that allow for simultaneous reduction in operation cost and indoor particle concentrations. Relative humidity has been identified as a critical parameter in filter performance and standardized tests should be modified to account for variability in relative humidity and particle characteristics typical of real operation to allow for improvements to future model predictions. Supplementary materials: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54056
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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35

江顯其 and Hin-kee Kong. "Air pollution impacts as indicated by roadside air quality monitoring stations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125424X.

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Ip, To-yan Francis. "A critical review of Hong Kong air quality data /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23424928.

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37

Leksmono, Nurul Soraya. "Sustainable, proportionate and cost-effective action plans to deliver air quality objectives within air quality management areas." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420205.

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This thesis examines the process of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) in English and Welsh local authorities that have air pollution problems arising from industrial emissions. The Environment Act 1995 imposes LAQM duties on local authorities. The research explores the relationship of the LAQM regime introduced by the Environment Act 1995, and the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control regime regulated by the Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999. The work examines the extent to which local authorities and the Environment Agency collaborate in the review, assessment and action planning stages of LAQM. This study gives particular attention to the application of the principles of sustainability, proportionality and cost-effectiveness within the development of air quality action plans. The research methodology consists of an appraisal of local authority air quality review and assessment reports, a questionnaire survey, and case studies in five local authorities. Two main regimes of air pollution control are also being implemented in other EU countries (the Air Quality Framework Directive, AQFD, and the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive) and thus case studies were carried out in Spain and Sweden to compare the experience of air quality management and industrial pollution control in England and Wales to other European countries. Theoretical air pollution modelling was carried out to explore some of the issues associated with point source modelling for LAQM purposes. Triangulation of methods has revealed how the LAQM system works and thus has achieved the research objectives. A small number of local authorities in England and Wales identified industrial emissions as the source of air quality problems in their localities but the significance of emissions from industrial sources is comparatively small when compared to transport related emissions. Questionnaire surveys and case studies have revealed fugitive emission sources of particulate matter as a major contributor to a breach of Air Quality Objectives, which consequently leads to Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) 1 declarations. It is apparent from this research that local authorities have different levels of capability in managing their local air quality. Although the central government have provided guidance and support for local authorities, a variety of approaches undertaken in relation to technical and management aspects of LAQM were identified. This research has also identified a clear gap between Member States in complying with the EU air quality Limit Values, and each country has a different system and interpretation of the AQFD. The study shows that the Environment Agency and local authorities have been working in partnership in LAQM, although inconsistent patterns of communication between the two stakeholders are revealed through the case studies. The degree of collaboration corresponds to personal interest of the Environment Agency and local authority officers and to a lesser extent, the significance of the impact of the Environment Agency regulated processes in the AQMA. Collaboration and communication is judged an essential precondition for policy integration and implementation in an action plan designed to improve air quality in AQMA. This thesis provides local authorities with air pollution problems arising, at least in part, from industrial emissions with a conceptual model for the preparation of sustainable, proportionate, and cost-effective air quality action plans. Drawing upon both quantitative and qualitative data, a theoretical position is presented which argues that the balance between the scientific assessment of air quality and the social, economic, and political factors is critical in determining sustainable, proportionate and cost-effective management solutions. Local authorities studied in case studies implemented these principles according to the importance of each factor at the local level. The project concludes with a suite of recommendations for the future practice of air quality management in relation to industrial pollution sources. This includes recommendations to improve co-ordination and collaboration between all stakeholders, and a closer link between the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control and Local Air Quality Management regimes.
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38

Underberg, Heidi Lee. "Indoor/ambient residential air toxics results in rural western Montana." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-08072009-194333.

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39

Boylan, James W. "Integrated modeling of air pollution dynamics in the Southern Appalachian Mountains." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22217.

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40

Lelas, Vedran. "Chance constrained models for air pollution monitoring and control /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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41

Tsang, Ho-on Frederick. "Time variable parameter estimation on the wind speed air quality model in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14723554.

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42

Mahmud, Abdullah Al. "Evaluation of the AIRPACT2 air quality forecast system for the Pacific Northwest." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2005/a%5Fmahmud%5F091605.pdf.

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43

Kong, Hin-kee. "Air pollution impacts as indicated by roadside air quality monitoring stations : y Kong Hin-Kee, Henry." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21301840.

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44

Lai, Kam-hung. "Air quality study inside and outside vehicular tunnels in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13813626.

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45

Chiu, Man-chun. "Analysis of urbanization and air quality in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43783752.

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46

Hakami, Amir. "Direct sensitivity analysis in air quality models." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180202/unrestricted/hakami%5Famir%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.

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47

Diener, Alan. "Valuing health and air quality using stated preference methods." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0034/NQ66200.pdf.

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48

Leung, Wai-yip, and 梁偉業. "Indoor air quality and heating, ventilation & air conditioning systemsin office buildings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253787.

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49

Sriyaraj, Kanyawat. "Local air quality management and health impacts of air pollution in Thailand." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2006. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13393/.

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Air quality in urban areas of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand has seriously deteriorated as a consequence of population growth and urbanization and due to a lack of effective air quality management (AQM). As a result, respiratory diseases among Chiang Mai residents have increased in these affected areas. The health status and experiences of air pollution of both children and adults in Chiang Mai was assessed and improvements recommended to the developing AQM scheme. Air quality modelling, using ADMS-Urban was used to identify probable air polluted and control sites for further study. The polluted sites were found to be located along major roads in the city. However, ADMS-Urban was unable to predict air pollutant concentrations accurately because it could not cope with the very low wind speeds and complex topography of Chiang Mai. As a result, the utility of other air pollution modelling programmes should be investigated. The results of a questionnaire survey conducted with adults showed that urban respondents had a higher percentage of respiratory diseases than suburban respondents. However, later investigations were unable to establish a statistical linkage between air pollution concentrations and respiratory diseases. An ISAAC study was conducted among children attending schools located in the selected sites to assess the potential impacts of air pollution on health. The results showed that the prevalence of asthma was similar in all of the schools (approximately 5%) but that the prevalence of rhinitis (24.3% vs. 15.7%) and atopic dermatitis (12.5% vs. 7.2%) was higher in the urban schools which were considered to be more polluted. Logistic regression analysis identified other factors which may be involved in addition to pollution, including some components of the diet and contact with animals. In order to investigate the adequacy of the AQM system in Thailand, a comparative study was conducted between Hong Kong and Thailand. Both countries were investigated with respect to conformance to Good Urban Governance. The comparison showed that there are significant differences between the two countries and the AQM system in Hong Kong was more highly developed. For example, in contrast to the system in Hong Kong, it was found that there was insufficient involvement of the population in the development and implementation of AQM systems in Thailand. In order to better understand the reasons why the AQM system in Thailand is poor at both the provincial and local levels in Chiang Mai, prioritisation of AQM was assessed for major national environmental policies and plans; at the provincial level, fund allocations to development projects were reviewed; and at the sub-district level; a questionnaire survey was conducted among local government officials. It was concluded that AQM was not given sufficiently high priority in national plans and was generally ineffective and that, due to the non-specific nature of guidelines and frameworks in these plans, it was difficult for government organizations at the lower levels to establish AQM action plans for effective implementation. A range of appropriate measures to improve air quality in Chiang Mai were recommended. These included a more effective management of air pollution, an identified need for training and major changes in the transport system in the city.
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50

Peng, Huiping. "Air quality prediction by machine learning methods." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55069.

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As air pollution is a complex mixture of toxic components with considerable impact on humans, forecasting air pollution concentration emerges as a priority for improving life quality. In this study, air quality data (observational and numerical) were used to produce hourly spot concentration forecasts of ozone (O₃), particulate matter 2.5μm (PM₂.₅) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), up to 48 hours for six stations across Canada -- Vancouver, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, Montreal and Halifax. Using numerical data from an air quality model (GEM-MACH15) as predictors, forecast models for pollutant concentrations were built using multiple linear regression (MLR) and multi-layer perceptron neural networks (MLP NN). A relatively new method, the extreme learning machine (ELM), was also used to overcome the limitation of linear methods as well as the large computational demand of MLP NN. In operational forecasting, the continuous arrival of new data means frequent updating of the models is needed. This type of learning, called online sequential learning, is straightforward for MLR and ELM but not for MLP NN. Forecast performance of the online sequential MLR (OSMLR) and online sequential ELM (OSELM), together with stepwise MLR, all updated daily were compared with MLP NN updated seasonally, and the benchmark, updatable model output statistics (UMOS) from Environmental Canada. Overall OSELM tended to slightly outperform the other models including UMOS, being most successful with ozone forecasts and least with PM₂.₅ forecasts. MLP NN updated seasonally was generally underperforming the linear models MLR and OSMLR, indicating the need to update a nonlinear model frequently.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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