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Chukkali, Surekha, Kritika Rastogi, Amritkant Mishra, Sonakshi Nayar, and Tanisha Gupta. "Impact of Urban Environmental Quality, Residential Satisfaction, and Personality on Quality of Life Among Residents of Delhi/NCR." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 19875–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.19875ecst.
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Environmental quality and sustainability seek to preserve, enhance, and protect our environmental resources that directly aim at providing an amicable quality of life and sustainable development for the upcoming generations. Considering the hazardous environmental urban quality in Delhi NCR, air pollution is the topmost factor deteriorating the health of the population in general. The urban air database by WHO reports Delhi exceeding the maximum PM10 limit by almost 10-times at 292 μg/m3. Noticing that an individual's surroundings have an enormous value in human lives, the study aimed at understanding the impact of urban environmental quality, residential satisfaction, and personality on the quality of life among residents of Delhi NCR. In addition, we also track the environmental world views to attitudes on pro-environmental behavior in understanding sustainability. The results from the SEM model indicated that one index rise in RESS lead to a fall in quality of life by 0.029 point value, whereas one index rise in personality could enhance the quality of life by 0.15 point value. Pro-environmental behaviors and urban environmental factors did not showcase any significant impact on the quality of life.
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Kumar Gupta, Amit, Aashima Gupta, and Sunita Mahajan. "Air Pollution and Poor Air Quality in Delhi-NCR: Some Health Tips and Protective Measures." Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 3, no. 12 (November 13, 2019): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asms.2019.03.0469.
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Garg, S., S. L. Sahdev, N. Mahajan, and N. Goel. "Driving through sustainable systems: a Study of Air Quality Index of Delhi during COVID-19 Pandemic." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1084, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1084/1/012018.
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Abstract The impact of lockdown during covid-19 pandemic on air quality in terms of pollution was investigated in the Delhi/NCR region in this study. The National Air Quality Index (NAQI) uses air quality data for six pollutant measures (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, CO, NO2 and O3) from monitoring stations across the megacity to demonstrate the spatial pattern of air quality before and during the lockdown period due to pandemic. The objective of this study is to investigate the interrelationship among the various parameters the Pearson’s correlation analysis was conducted. The results found were able to demonstrate that during lockdown air quality was significantly improved. It was also found that among other pollutants, level of NO2 and CO have also declined during- lockdown phase. It was observed that during this period of lockdown, the air quality index on maximum number of days was found to be good and satisfactory in Delhi that was the clear indication of an improvement in air quality due to a reduction in pollution and emissions of vehicles and industries. It can be implemented to further work on parameters to improve the air quality in future.
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Chen, Ying, Oliver Wild, Edmund Ryan, Saroj Kumar Sahu, Douglas Lowe, Scott Archer-Nicholls, Yu Wang, et al. "Mitigation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone pollution in Delhi: a sensitivity study during the pre-monsoon period." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 499–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-499-2020.
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Abstract. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and surface ozone (O3) are major air pollutants in megacities such as Delhi, but the design of suitable mitigation strategies is challenging. Some strategies for reducing PM2.5 may have the notable side effect of increasing O3. Here, we demonstrate a numerical framework for investigating the impacts of mitigation strategies on both PM2.5 and O3 in Delhi. We use Gaussian process emulation to generate a computationally efficient surrogate for a regional air quality model (WRF-Chem). This allows us to perform global sensitivity analysis to identify the major sources of air pollution and to generate emission-sector-based pollutant response surfaces to inform mitigation policy development. Based on more than 100 000 emulation runs during the pre-monsoon period (peak O3 season), our global sensitivity analysis shows that local traffic emissions from the Delhi city region and regional transport of pollution emitted from the National Capital Region (NCR) surrounding Delhi are dominant factors influencing PM2.5 and O3 in Delhi. They together govern the O3 peak and PM2.5 concentration during daytime. Regional transport contributes about 80% of the PM2.5 variation during the night. Reducing traffic emissions in Delhi alone (e.g. by 50 %) would reduce PM2.5 by 15 %–20 % but lead to a 20 %–25 % increase in O3. However, we show that reducing NCR regional emissions by 25 %–30 % at the same time would further reduce PM2.5 by 5 %–10 % in Delhi and avoid the O3 increase. This study provides scientific evidence to support the need for joint coordination of controls on local and regional scales to achieve effective reduction in PM2.5 whilst minimising the risk of O3 increase in Delhi.
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Sharma, Nabin, Kalpana Patel, and Sarvan Kumar. "Comparison of the Air Quality within the Northern Region of India both During and After the Lockdown." Aug-Sept 2023, no. 35 (August 4, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jeimp.35.1.6.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic due to the novel infectious coronavirus disease found in late 2019. Some positive impacts have been seen on the natural environment during the outbreak of COVID-19. In this study, we have tried to analyse the impact of lockdown on air quality at four major northern states of India (Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Haryana) located in the National Capital Region (NCR). This study compared the variation in air pollutants during the first lockdown phase (25th March to 15th April) 2020 and after the lockdown phase (25th March to 15th April) 2022, including PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and SO2. The average concentration of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 reduced by 70.43%, 64.7%, 66.37%, and 36.89% over National Capital Region (NCR) during the lockdown phase. A good pollution control plan can lead to significant improvements in air quality in the future, which should provide confidence to policymakers involved in developing air quality policies.
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Singh, Yogender, and Umesh Kulshrestha. "An Analysis of GRAP Task Force Directions for Improved AQI in Delhi during 2018." Current World Environment 15, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.15.1.06.
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Air quality has been a matter of public concern in Delhi. The concentration of Particulate Matters (PM2.5 and PM10) often surpasses the Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). This study is focused upon the evaluation of Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPCAs) Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) action during 2018 in terms of PM2.5 and NO2. In order to control air pollution sources in National Capital Region (NCR), the (EPCA) Environmental Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority directed GRAP to advise the local industries and other sources of pollution to close their operations on particular dates whenever Air Quality Index (AQI) showed severe level. In this study, we have analyzed 24 hourly averaged Air Quality Index (AQI) data for the period September 2017 - January 2018 and September 2018 - January 2019 at two sites i.e. Delhi Technical University (DTU) and Income Tax Office (ITO) respectively. The GRAP results showed a significant decrease in AQI values of both after every order passed by GRAP task force. In general, the PM2.5 AQI values were always higher during year 2017-18 as compared to 2018-19 at both sites.
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Rastogi, Rohit, D. K. Chaturvedi, Mukund Rastogi, Saransh Chauhan, Vaibhav Aggarwal, Utkarsh Agarwal, and Richa Singh. "Surveillance of Air Quality and Measuring Effect of Homa Activity at Delhi, India." International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare, Culture, and the Environment 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijppphce.305451.
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The manuscript deals with the increasing pollution and vanishing of AQI in NCR region of India due to many factors like Parali (stubble) burning, traffic and pollution caused by factories to generate electricity by thermal power combustion. The Manuscript discusses the statistical effects of Indian Homa and Yajna process and its effect on curbing the pollution and improving AQI. It has been found that Yajna helps in purification of the environment and different AQI factors are improved by its continuous exercise for long time at a particular place. The python based data analysis has been presented to justify the problem statement and gadget and sensor based readings are produced in evidences. This paper is an attempt to convert the belief of one hundred thirty-eight crores Indians into practical and an evolutionary step towards Vedic sciences and natural prevention of Air-Pollutions. This is an effort to draw the attention of the masses and to bring into notice and consideration of this wonderful technique in front of the whole world.
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Krishan, Mrigank, Srinidhi Jha, Jew Das, Avantika Singh, Manish Kumar Goyal, and Chandrra Sekar. "Air quality modelling using long short-term memory (LSTM) over NCT-Delhi, India." Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 12, no. 8 (April 17, 2019): 899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-019-00696-7.
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Sahu, Saroj Kumar, Poonam Mangaraj, and Gufran Beig. "Decadal growth in emission load of major air pollutants in Delhi." Earth System Science Data 15, no. 7 (July 26, 2023): 3183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3183-2023.
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Abstract. The Indian capital megacity of Delhi is reeling under deteriorating air quality, and control measures are not yielding any significant changes, mainly due to a poor understanding of sources of emissions; hence, priority option in mitigation planning is lacking. In this paper, we have made an attempt to develop a spatially resolved technological high-resolution gridded (∼0.4km×0.4km) emission inventory for eight major pollutants of the Delhi region where high-resolution activity data of all possible major and unattended minor sources are generated by organizing a mega-campaign involving hundreds of volunteers. It is for the first time that we are able to estimate the decadal growth in emissions of various pollutants by comparing newly developed 2020 emissions with SAFAR (System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research) emissions of 2010 using the identical methodology and quantum of activity data. The estimated annual emissions for PM2.5, PM10, CO, NOx, VOC, SO2, BC, and OC over the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR) are estimated to be 123.8, 243.6, 799.0, 488.9, 730.0, 425.8, 33.6, and 20.3 Gg yr−1, respectively, for the year 2020. The decadal growth (2010–2020) in PM2.5 and PM10 is found to be marginal at 31 % and 3 %, respectively. The maximum growth is found to be in the transport sector followed by the industrial and other sectors. Maximum decadal growth found for the pollutants BC, OC, and NOx is 57 %, 34 %, and 91 %, respectively. The decadal shift of sectorial emissions with changing policies is examined. The complete dataset is available on Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7715595 (Sahu et al., 2023).
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Abdullah, Omar, Tahir Sufi, and Sanjeev Kumar. "Impact of Food and Beverage Quality and Service Quality Towards Customer Satisfaction and Customer Retention, A Study of Five-Star Hotels." International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, no. 5 (May 15, 2023): e01994. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i5.1994.
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Purpose: The objective of this study is to examine how customer happiness at five-star hotels is impacted by the quality of the F&B they receive and the services they receive, which in turn affects retention. Design/methodology/approach: A convenience sampling strategy was utilized to distribute a self-administrated survey to 386 guests who used the F&B services of five-star hotels in Delhi-NCR. The model and study's hypotheses were evaluated in this study using a structural assessment modelling methodology, with AMOS 20.0 serving as the evaluation tool. Findings: The outcomes of the study show that CS and its impact on customer retention are significantly and favorably influenced by quality of the cuisine and beverages, as good as the service. Theoretical framework: This study recognizes the magnitude of numerous customer satisfaction metrics from a managerial perspective to predict customer retention or re- purchase plans in the standpoint of a five-star eatery in Delhi. Managers should use this to assess their performance and gain a better grasp of the standard of F&B services. Research Implications: Since the current study was restricted to the capital city of India and because the responses may have been subjective, it cannot be said to be completely conclusive. The study shows, from a practitioner's perspective, that the F&B services departments of five-star hotels in New Delhi, India, have performed notably well in terms of the quality of their services and to categorize the regions of difference in provision and F&B product quality. Originality/Value: This study fills a research gap on customers' opinions on the provision of food and beverages in the food and beverage division of five-star hotels. It also advances knowledge of visitors' expectations and perceptions of the value of the F&B services.
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Raheja, Supriya, and Sahil Malik. "Prediction of Air Quality Using LSTM Recurrent Neural Network." International Journal of Software Innovation 10, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.297982.
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Rapid increase of Industrialization and Urbanization significantly draws the interest of researchers towards the prediction of air quality. Efficient modelling of air quality parameters using deep learning methods can facilitate the imminent implications of air pollution. However, existing methods weakens at consideration of long-term dependencies for multiple parameters. The present study aims prediction of air quality of New Delhi based on concentration of multiple parameters namely PM2.5, PM10, CO, O3, NO2 and SO2. The study uses long short-term memory (LSTM) approach due to its efficiency over other deep learning methods and referred it as A-LSTM prediction model. It supports multiple layers to add more linearity to the desired output. Performance of A-LSTM is evaluated for prediction of year 2019 data. Mean absolute error, root mean squared error, precision, recall and F1-score metrics are considered for comparison with other three prediction models namely support vector regressor (SVR), SVR with LSTM and I-LSTM.
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Choudhary, Priya, Shakeel Ahmad Khan, Ambrina Sardar Khan, and Richa Dave Nagar. "Effect of air pollutants on physiological parameters and yield attributes of paddy and wheat crops in Faridabad region, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i1.3108.
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Air pollution is one of the major problems in the Delhi NCR region due to industrial emissions, traffic congestion, population growth and rapid development. Air pollutants deteriorate the environment, human health, plants and crops. This study focuses on the physiological parameters and yield attributes of paddy and wheat crops in the vicinity of a gas-based national thermal power plant (NTPC) located in Faridabad. Ten sites were selected, including the control site within a 10 km aerial distance from the exhaust chimney stack of the power plant. Major air pollutants, such as NOx, SOx, O3, and PM10, were monitored using Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) guidelines. The air quality index (AQI) was moderately polluted at the sampling site, while good air quality was observed at the control site. The results showed that the photosynthetic rates were reduced to 46% in paddies and 48% in wheat crops. In the vegetative growth stage of paddies and wheat crops, the stomatal conductance of paddies decreased to 0.11 mmol m-2s-1 compared to 0.19 mmol m-2s-1 at the control site. The transpiration rate ranged from 0.6 to 7.7 μmol/m2/s in paddies and 1.2 to 9.8 μmol/m2/s in wheat crops. The R2 value ranged from 0.702 to 0.985, which shows a strong impact of the air quality index on the physiological parameters of crops. The yield reduction due to air pollution in paddies was 11.6%, and in wheat crops, it was 14.8%. This study also provides an inventory of air pollutants in Faridabad region and their subsequent impacts on crops.
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Sharma, Rohit, Raghvendra Kumar, Pradeep Kumar Singh, Maria Simona Raboaca, and Raluca-Andreea Felseghi. "A Systematic Study on the Analysis of the Emission of CO, CO2 and HC for Four-Wheelers and Its Impact on the Sustainable Ecosystem." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 6707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176707.
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The urbanization in Delhi NCR has led to a rapid increase in the vehicle count concerning the rise in population and mobilization. The emissions from the vehicles are currently counted amongst the main sources of air pollution in Delhi. This affects the quality of air. The emission criterion of various pollutants that are emitted from vehicles is evaluated through various International models, which include various vehicles, their modes of pollutants emitted while driving and other factors that are affecting the weather. The approximate emission of pollutants such as Carbon Monoxide (CO) and/or Particulate Matter (PM), from a variety of vehicles and different fuel types, has undergone diurnal variation over the years, depending on the time of the day. This study presents the emission factor of gaseous pollutants Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxides (CO) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) of 181 four-wheeler cars from different companies containing different types of fuels. The measurement of gaseous pollutants is performed for Delhi, the most polluted city in India. The various facts and data were calculated and analyzed with reference to the standard values set by the national schemes of the Pollution and Environment. Based on this statistical data obtained and analyzed, the scenarios regarding future vehicle growth rate and its impact on air quality are mentioned to overcome emission problems. Therefore, it is important to develop and deploy methods for obtaining real-world measurements of vehicle emissions, to estimate the pollutants. The analysis shows that few parameters need to be a concern for reducing the pollutants emission by vehicles. These major parameters are the high survival rates, decrease in annual mileage and major enforcement for three-to-five-year-old vehicles. This study shows that many old vehicles are used in different regions of the country, regardless of many notifications of banning old vehicles by the Government of India. These old vehicles are the major source of vehicle pollutants. The analysis stated that the diesel engine would emit less CO2/km than a petrol engine if having an almost similar engine capacity.
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Mishra, Vaishnavi, Tribhuvan Mishra, Yash Rastogi, Rohan Tyagi, Rohit Rastogi, and Sawan Kumar. "Air Quality Data Interpreting in Delhi, NCR Region and Effect of Agnihotra on it: Extracting Knowledge for Sustainable Society and Holistic Development." International Journal of Behavioural and Healthcare Research 8, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbhr.2022.10049726.
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Nair, Moorthy, Hemant Bherwani, Suman Kumar, Sunil Gulia, Sanjeev Goyal, and Rakesh Kumar. "Assessment of contribution of agricultural residue burning on air quality of Delhi using remote sensing and modelling tools." Atmospheric Environment 230 (June 2020): 117504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117504.
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Gupta, Medhavi, Manju Mohan, and Shweta Bhati. "Assessment of Air Pollution Mitigation Measures on Secondary Pollutants PM10 and Ozone Using Chemical Transport Modelling over Megacity Delhi, India." Urban Science 6, no. 2 (April 6, 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci6020027.
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Sporadic efforts have been introduced to control emissions in Delhi, but the air quality has declined further due to the rapid development of different sectors. In this study, the impact of various mitigation scenarios on air quality for PM10, ozone, and its precursors are studied using a chemical transport model, namely WRF-Chem. The Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research emission inventory was modified and introduced into the WRF-Chem model to assess the impact of selected emission control scenarios on different sectors. The simulations were conducted with reduced emissions for these sectors over the study domain: (a) implementation of Bharat Stage—VI norms in the transport sector, (b) conversion of fuel from coal to natural gas in the energy sector, and (c) fuel shift to LPG in the residential sector. The transport sector noted a decrease of 4.9% in PM10, 44.1% in ozone, and 18.9% in NOx concentrations with emission reduction measures. In the energy sector, a marginal reduction of 3.9% in NOx concentrations was noted, and no change was observed in PM10 and ozone concentrations. In the residential sector, a decrease of 8% in PM-10, 47.7% in ozone, and 49.8% in NOx concentrations were noted. The VOC-to-NOx ratios were also studied, revealing the ozone production over the study domain was mostly VOC-limited. As the inclusion of control measures resulted in varying levels of reduction in pollutant concentrations, it was also studied in the context of improving the air quality index. The WRF-Chem model can be successfully implemented to study the effectiveness of any regulated control measures.
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Goswami, P., and J. Baruah. "A Comparative Evaluation of a Mesoscale Model and Atmospheric Global Circulation Model for Air Quality Simulation: A Multiscale, Multisite Evaluation." ISRN Meteorology 2012 (August 30, 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/826074.
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Concentrations of atmospheric pollutants are strongly influenced by meteorological parameters like rainfall, relative humidity and wind advection. Thus accurate specifications of the meteorological fields, and their effects on pollutants, are critical requirements for successful modelling of air pollution. In terms of their applications, pollutant concentration models can be used in different ways; in one, short term high resolution forecasts are generated to predict and manage urban pollution. Another application of dynamical pollution models is to generate outlook for a given airbasin, such as over a large city. An important question is application-specific model configuration for the meteorological simulations. While a meso-scale model provides a high-resolution configuration, a global model allows better simulation of large-sale fields through its global environment. Our objective is to comparatively evaluate a meso-scale atmospheric model (MM5) and atmospheric global circulation model (AGCM) in simulating different species of pollutants over different airbasins. In this study we consider four locations: ITO (Central Delhi), Sirifort (South Delhi), Bandra (Mumbai) and Karve Road (Pune). The results show that both the model configurations provide comparable skills in simulation of monthly and annual loads, although the skill of the meso-scale model is somewhat higher, especially at shorter time scales.
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S, Krishnakumar, Shailaja S. Thakur, and Jesim Pais. "An Exploration of the Pulmonary Fitness of Construction Workers in Delhi NCR in the light of the BOCWA Act." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 6 (June 28, 2021): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210659.
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The construction sector is one of the most important sources of employment for labour in India. The workers in the construction sector are exposed to high concentrations of particulate matter at their place of work. This increases their susceptibility to various respiratory diseases, particularly Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Distress (COPD) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). This study is based on a sample of 30 migrant construction workers who have been in the construction labour force in the Delhi- National Capital Region for a minimum of three years. The study reports comparative pulmonary fitness and haematological parameters of the workers in the construction sector versus other sectors. The pulmonary function test parameters like FVC (forced vital capacity), FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one sec), FEV1/FVC, and PEF (Peak Expiratory Flow) were performed in both test and control groups using a spirometer. Our results show that the pulmonary fitness indicators like FVC, FEV1and PEF are significantly impaired in construction workers as compared to those of the control group. Based on Independent t-test using SPSS Statistics, we observed significant differences (p< 0.05) in FEV1 and FVC between both groups. The study thus confirms that labourers exposed to poor air quality at the construction site are susceptible to respiratory diseases, particularly ARDS. All of this reflects the poor enforcement of the adequate safety measures well enlisted in social legislations like the BOCWA (Building and Other Construction Workers Act). Key words: ARDS, BOCWA, FEV1/FVC, migrant construction labour.
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Kansal, Arun, Mukesh Khare, and Chandra Shekhar Sharma. "Air quality modelling study to analyse the impact of the World Bank emission guidelines for thermal power plants in Delhi." Atmospheric Pollution Research 2, no. 1 (January 2011): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5094/apr.2011.012.
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Rastogi, Rohit, Rohan Tyagi, Yash Rastogi, Tribhuvan Mishra, Vaishnavi Mishra, and Sawan Kumar. "Air quality data interpreting in Delhi, NCR region and effect of <em>Agnihotra</em> on it: extracting knowledge for sustainable society and holistic development." International Journal of Behavioural and Healthcare Research 8, no. 3/4 (2022): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbhr.2022.127114.
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Yadav, H. R. P. "Impact of climate change by 2030 - indian perspective." i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology 17, no. 4 (2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jfet.17.4.18992.
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This paper aims to establish the effect of Green House Gases (GHGs) emissions on climate change. Greenhouse gas molecules formed due to anthropogenic activities absorb infrared radiations from the sun, and these molecules re-emit the radiations in all directions, causing temperature rise of the Earth's surface. Due to anthropogenic activities in the country, GHG emissions of GHGs are increasing. The motor vehicles running in the Indian cities with the fossil fuels like gasoline, diesel, etc., are emitting Carbon-di-oxide (CO2), Hydrocarbon (HCs), Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and water vapor as greenhouse gases in the form of vehicular exhausts. These emissions are responsible for deteriorating ambient air quality of the cities like Delhi, National Capital Region (NCR), Mumbai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, etc. This paper outlines the necessary technologies and practices to mitigate GHG emissions of GHGs. The paper also discusses some of the strategies for reducing emissions of GHGs to minimize the effect of global warming and climate change. The impacts of implementing energy efficiency and conservation measures, the role of renewable energy, and hydrogen blends in the vehicular fuel Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) are also described in this paper. The emission performance of a passenger car suitable for bi-fuel combustion with 18 Hydrogen Compressed Natural Gas (18HCNG) has been compared with neat CNG fuel. The economic analysis with these two vehicular fuels in respect of reducing CO2 and NOx being greenhouse gases, has also been discussed in this paper.
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Gupta, Tanya, and Chandrakala Kesarwani. "Rivers as Lifeline of Urbanization- An Environmental Case Analysis." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 10, no. 1 (2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.1012201.
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Rivers and water are essential resources for human life, the environment and development of any nation. In India, the significance of rivers as the focal point of human settlement was established from the early times of civilisation and will remain so. Ancient India is always referred as land of seven rivers. Rivers here have religious significance but India’s rivers are depleting at an alarming rate. Riverfronts are not merely unique spaces in a city, but also the most representative region which reflect the local character. Since the industrial revolution, urban population and the need for land have increased rapidly; a good many riverfront spaces have been occupied, resulting in the deterioration of water quality of the rivers. A case study on the degradation of river and their restoration is been explained in this paper using example of Hindon river and Yamuna River. The region of Ghaziabad is plain and lacks topographic prominence. River channels break the monotony of physical landscape. The major sources of waste generation within Ghaziabad largely comprise of residential areas, poor yojna area, vegetable markets industrial and slaughter waste .open dumping of municipal solid waste quiet often in scattered heaps has occupies a larger space near the river . The land around the river Hindon is a breeding ground for pathogens, flies, malodours and generation of which leads to water pollution. The land can be completely bioremedised followed by development of beautiful garden “Eco-Energy Park - Hindon Eco Park” adjacent to Sai Upvan. The research aims at providing landscape solutions to eliminate the further degradation and pollution of nearby soil, air and Hindon river. Today, with the abysmal state of drainage and solid-waste management of the city Delhi, the Yamuna has become a huge drain carrying the waste of this mega city. Millions of rupees have been spent by successive governments in order to clean the river, but to no significant change in the situation. The spaces around the river are also rather ‘lost spaces’ with either agricultural field, derelict power stations, stadiums and memorials. With very high densities in the residential areas, it has to be realized that Delhi is in dire need of a large public open space. The study aims at reconnecting the city to the river not only metaphorically, but to establish physical linkages and improve the quality of the environment and create opportunities to activate the riverfront. The paper will focus on the causes, impact and measures of pollution of rivers in case of Yamuna and Hindon in NCR region
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Vohra, Aastha Verma, and Garima Gupta. "Predisposition towards foreign brands and materialism: a quantitative assessment." Journal of Asia Business Studies 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-08-2015-0144.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the dimensions of predisposition towards foreign brands (PTFB) for Indian consumers and examine their impact on materialism/materialist value (MAT). The study further conducts an in-depth analysis of these constructs for possible variations across consumer demographics. Design/methodology/approach Using a structured questionnaire, primary data were collected from 487 respondents in the city of Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR). While a modified scale was developed to operationalize PTFB, the measurement instrument for MAT was adapted on the basis of an extensive literature review. Statistical techniques such as Exploratory factor analysis, Confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis were used to test various hypotheses of the study. Findings The study identified five dimensions of PTFB, namely, “Reputation”, “Preference”, “Country of Origin”, “Accessibility” and “Quality”, through confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modelling. Except for “Preference” and “Accessibility”, all remaining dimensions were found to be exerting a significant impact on MAT. The results further indicate that consumers’ PTFB as well as their MAT differs across demographics such as age, income, gender, occupation and qualification. Practical implications The paper brings to the fore useful insights for marketers of foreign brands. The findings can be effectively used for developing a more focused marketing strategy for Indian consumers by helping in identifying demographic segments that are more responsive and susceptible to the entry of foreign brands in Indian markets. Originality/value The paper attempts to develop a more robust instrument for measurement of consumers’ PTFB and provides dimensions constituting the construct for consumers of emerging markets such as India. The current research also indicates that there exists a significant variation in PTFB and MAT for different demographic segments of consumers.
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Tiwari, Gautam. "Quantitative Assessment of Improved Air Quality during COVID 19 Lockdown." MINDSHARE: International Journal of Research and Development, December 25, 2021, 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55031/mshare.2021.40.cd.3.
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Deteriorating ambient air quality has been a key concern in India and several other parts of the world. A lot of work has been done on identifying the critical factors responsible for poor air quality using various tools. Several mitigation efforts have been taken up and the infrastructure has been strengthened for continuous monitoring in order to understand the efficacy of such interventions. Major sources of air pollution in Delhi NCR are said to be coalfed thermal power plants, brick kilns and vehicles apart from stubble burning during Oct-Nov. Due to Covid-19 lockdown, significant improvement in Air Quality has been recorded. This gives a unique window to redefine the relative contribution of above sources towards air pollution. While power plants are still operational, vehicular traffic and several manufacturing/construction industries are shut. Students should collect exact data on operational/shut-down activities and authentic air quality data. Using the modelling tools comparative studies between previous and current data can provide the precise contribution of vehicular traffic & industries towards air pollution. Also reports on reformation of depleting ozone layer could be taken up by some groups.
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Singh, Jabrinder. "How COVID-19 induced lockdown impacts air quality in Delhi-NCR region of India?" Atmósfera, December 7, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20937/atm.52912.
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Jena, Chinmay, Sachin D. Ghude, Rajesh Kumar, Sreyashi Debnath, Gaurav Govardhan, Vijay K. Soni, Santosh H. Kulkarni, G. Beig, Ravi S. Nanjundiah, and M. Rajeevan. "Performance of high resolution (400 m) PM2.5 forecast over Delhi." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (February 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83467-8.
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AbstractThis study reports a very high-resolution (400 m grid-spacing) operational air quality forecasting system developed to alert residents of Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR) about forthcoming acute air pollution episodes. Such a high-resolution system has been developed for the first time and is evaluated during October 2019-February 2020. The system assimilates near real-time aerosol observations from in situ and space-borne platform in the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) to produce a 72-h forecast daily in a dynamical downscaling framework. The assimilation of aerosol optical depth and surface PM2.5 observations improves the initial condition for surface PM2.5 by about 45 µg/m3 (about 50%).The accuracy of the forecast degrades slightly with lead time as mean bias increase from + 2.5 µg/m3 on the first day to − 17 µg/m3 on the third day of forecast. Our forecast is found to be very skillful both for PM2.5 concentration and unhealthy/ very unhealthy air quality index categories, and has been helping the decision-makers in Delhi make informed decisions.
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KATOCH, ANKITA, and UMESH CHANDRA KULSHRESTHA. "Study of Risk Assessment of Indoor NH3 in Two Urban Households of NCR-Delhi." Current World Environment, May 12, 2020, 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.15.2.03.
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Indoor air pollution is a matter of serious concern in the mega cities which are grappling with poor air quality. There are very few reports available that discuss the indoor air quality of gaseous ammonia (NH3). This study reports the abundance and risk assessment of NH3 in two distinct urban households of Delhi city during July 2017 to June 2018. Results showed that the NH3 concentrations were consistently higher during entire sampling period at the Dwarka household (DH) site which represented the residential sector having an average value of 102.5 µg/m3, as compared to the Mayapuri household (MH) site which represented the industrial sector having an average value of 57.2 µg/m3. The spatio-temporal analysis suggested a characteristic seasonal influence as indoor concentrations were very high during monsoon season following the order, monsoon > summer > post-monsoon ≥ winter, at DH site but indoor NH3 at MH site did not show any remarkable seasonal variation except a sweeping increase during monsoons. Short term and long term health risk characterisation using multiple appropriate toxicological end limits for NH3 in the two households showed that at its present concentrations indoor NH3 cannot be a health hazard to the inmates. However, it does not fail to escape our notice that mushrooming urban areas with their complex problems such as poor sanitation, industrialisation, waste management, high vehicular traffic, high occupant density, etc. have become major hubs of continual rise in indoor ammonia.
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Neenu, Yadav. "Semi-Decadal Spatio-temporal variation of gaseous pollutants over a Part of a National Capital Region, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation, May 31, 2022, 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i03s.073.
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Air pollution occurs when fumes (or smoke) and dust particle gases are introduced into the atmosphere insuch a way that endangers animal and plant. Air pollution harms the health of living beings on our planet.It causes acid rain and smog, which cause respiratory diseases and cancer, depletes the ozone layer, andcontributes to global warming. Current study examines gaseous observations, which is a measure sourceof the air pollution, in an urban National Capital Region of India.The concentration of gases was measuredat air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) located throughout Delhi. The collection is from a five-yearperiod of real-time data observation. Gas variations were interpolated in a geographic information system(GIS) to generate digital elevation models (DEMs). The current study investigated the role of gaseouspollutants in increasing overall pollution levels in Delhi NCR, as well as the variation of gaseous pollutionacross Delhiâs different stations. Temporal interpolation of observations based on the concentration of gasesdepicted on the Z-axis. During the winter and monsoon seasons, distinct clusters of high values are depicted,indicating specific natural and anthropogenic activities. Summer months, on the other hand, indicate lowvalues, indicating steady atmospheric conditions. Such information can play a critical part in enhancingthe governmentâs developmental initiatives and planning to lower the degree of pollution that our countryrequires.
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Agrawal, Vivek, Vikas Tripathi, and Anand Mohan Agrawal. "Methodology for Evaluating Service Quality of Public Transport: Case of Delhi, India." Journal of Supply Chain Management Systems 4, no. 1and2 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.21863/jscms/2015.4.1and2.008.
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The harmful effects of air pollution, noise pollution, traffic congestion, and energy consumption can be minimized by more and more use of public transport system. But the service quality is an obstruction in use of public transport. Managing the service quality is crucial and more important factor for increasing the use of public transport. In this paper researchers used SERVQUAL for measuring service quality of one of the modes of public transport. Service quality is an amalgamation of a variety of criteria, among them some vague criteria are difficult to measure. This attribute introduces the problem for respondent to response to the survey. To conquer this issue, the researchers used Fuzzy TOPSIS for assess the service quality of public transport system. To measure the service quality, the researchers firstly developed a questionnaire based on SERVQUAL for collected the data. The respondents provided the linguistic assessment for rating the criteria of service quality and the various alternatives available. Then linguistic assessments are combined by Fuzzy TOPSIS for measurement of overall performance of each and every alternative. The better criterion is chosen on the basis of overall performance score and ranks them. The potency of the presented move toward is its convenient applicability and skill to endow with quantitative information. The utility of this proposed approach for assessment of service quality of public transport will be applicable in the capital city and neighboring townships i.e. Delhi & NCR.
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Tiwari, Shashi, Alok Kumar, Supriya Mantri, and Sagnik Dey. "Modelling ambient PM2.5 exposure at an ultra-high resolution and associated health burden in megacity Delhi: Exposure reduction target for 2030." Environmental Research Letters, March 8, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acc261.
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Abstract Deriving hyperlocal information about fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is critical for quantifying exposure disparities and managing air quality at neighborhood scales in cities. Delhi is one of the most polluted megacities in the world, where ground-based monitoring was limited before 2017. Here we estimate ambient PM2.5 exposure at 100-m 100-m spatial resolution for the period 2002-2019 using the random forest model. The model-predicted daily and annual PM2.5 show a 10-fold cross-validation R2 of 0.91and 0.95 and root mean square error of 19.3 and 9.7 g m-3, respectively, against coincident ground measurements from the Central Pollution Control Board ground network. Annual mean PM2.5 exposure varied in the range of 90-160 g m-3 in Delhi, with shifts in local hotspots and a reduction in spatial heterogeneity over the years. Mortality burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 in Delhi increased by 49.7% from 9,188 (95% uncertainty interval, UI: 6,241-12,161) in 2002 to 13,752 (10,065-19,899) in 2019, out of which only 16% contribution was due to the rise in PM2.5 exposure. The mortality burden in 2002 and 2019 are found to be higher by 10% and 3.1%, respectively, for exposure assessment at 100-m scale relative to the estimates with 1-km scale. The proportion of diseases in excess mortality attributable to ambient PM2.5 exposure remained similar over the years. Delhi can meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 target of reducing the non-communicable disease burden attributable to PM2.5 by one-third in 2030 relative to 2015 by reducing ambient PM2.5 exposure below the World Health Organization’s first interim target of 35 g m-3. Our results demonstrate that machine learning can be a useful tool in exposure modelling and air quality management at a hyperlocal scale in cities.
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Garg, Anchal, Arvind Kumar, and NC Gupta. "Comprehensive Study on Impact Assessment of Lockdown on Overall Ambient Air Quality amid COVID-19 in Delhi and its NCR, India." Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters, December 2020, 100010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2020.100010.
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Kumar, Pravin, Manoj Kumar Singh, and Saurabh Agrawal. "An analysis of customer’s purchase intention towards the green products and its effect on manufacturing: A statistical approach." Journal of Engineering Research, October 28, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36909/jer.icari.15279.
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The study is based on finding the impact of consumer behavior on green manufacturing. The opinion of the consumer has been taken regarding the production of auto components in Delhi NCR. Most of the consumers are not aware of detailed manufacturing processes of the auto componentswhich leads to difficulties in finding the impact of consumer behaviour on production of the products having no direct application. To know the opinion of the consumer, a questionnaire survey is used to observe the consumer awareness and its impact on production of green product. The PLS-PM (partial Least Square-Path Modeling) is used to formulate the structural equation modelling. It was found that the perceived quality and cost of the product influencing consumer behaviour and purchase intention towards green consumptions. Some more green initiatives, advertising and promotion, and social welfare also influence the consumer significantly towards the use of green products.
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Das, D. B., Akshey Bhargava, R. K. Kushwaha, A. B. Gupta, and M. K. Pandit. "Quarrying induced particulate air pollution in Jaipur City, western India." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 18 (December 1, 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v18i0.32271.
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Jhalana hills, fringing the northern and northeastern periphery of the Jaipur City in Rajasthan, western India, form a part of Aravalli bill Range. Stratigrapbically, they belong to the Middle Proterozoic, Delhi Supergroup of rocks, predominantly comprising of quartzite indicating arenaceous facies sedimentation. Signatures of polypbase deformation are manifested as tight to isoclinal folds and steep dips. On account of its close vicinity to the city and conforming to various structural engineering standards, the Jhalana Quartzite bas been a source of construction material for the last two centuries for all types of civil engineering activities in and around Jaipur.
Rapid and unplanned urbanisation of Jaipur and the hinterland areas bas resulted in urban sprawl and industrialization. Increased demand for construction material has resulted in multifold rise in quarrying operations, without taking into account of the consequent adverse impacts. This has led to alarming increase in suspended particulate matter (SPM) in air as one of the three major air pollutants in Jaipur, besides sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO2). The present work focuses on monitoring and quantitative evaluation of air quality in relation to quarrying activity. The observed values have been compared with the prescribed SPM limits for impact assessment.
The air quality monitoring bas been carried out by establishing three observation sites at different directions from the source of pollution (quarries and stone crusher sites). The prevailing wind direction has been taken into account while synthesising the SPM data. Sampling for twenty-four hour duration with a frequency of twice a week has been done for a period of five months (October, 1996 to February, 1997). For impact assessment modelling, the data were converted into monthly mean concentrations.
The observed exceedence in SPM varies from 118.2 to 278.3%, 13.12 to 163.3% and I 5.87% at different monitoring sites. An inverse relationship of distance from quarrying and crusher sites with SPM exceedence levels in air is also well documented.
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Prof. Y. B. Bhagat and Prof. V. B. Bhagat. "Stubble Burning Industry Contribution to Clean Environment by used of Stubble as a Flame." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, May 13, 2022, 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-3655.
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Stubble burning has been reckoned among the major contributors of air pollution especially in South Asia. It is a significant source of gaseous pollutants such as, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and methane (CH4) as well as particulate matters (PM10 and PM2.5) causing serious damage to human health and the environment. It was reported that the burning of 63 Mt of crop stubble releases 3.4 Mt of CO, 0.1 Mt of NOx , 91 Mt of CO2 , 0.6 Mt of CH4 and 1.2 Mt of PM into the atmosphere. The situation is more austere in India due to the intensive rice-wheat rotation system which generates large amount of stubble. It was estimated that about 352 Mt of stubble is generated each year in India out of which 22% and 34% are contributed by wheat and rice stubble respectively. About 84 Mt (23.86%) of the stubble is burnt on-field each year immediately after harvest. The disastrous haze observed over India during the winter season has been linked to stubble burning as it coincides with the burning periods (OctoberNovember). During this time, most Indian cities, especially within the National Capital Region (NCR) experience harsh pollution often reaching the severe levels of the air quality index (AQI). In November 2019, Delhi recorded a peak AQI of 487, Ghaziabad reported an AQI as high as 493, and Greater Noida recorded 480. The health effects of air pollution ranges from skin and eyes irritation to severe neurological, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, lung capacity loss, emphysema, cancer, etc. It also leads to an increase in mortality rates due to the prolonged exposure to high pollution. The Energy and Resources Institute (2019) reported that in 2012, air pollution had led to about 5 million deaths in South Asia which is around 22% of the total deaths in the region. In addition to its effects on air quality, stubble burning also affects soil fertility (through the destruction of its nutrients), economic development and climate. The crop stubbles (if managed properly) could provide immense economic benefits to the farmers and protect the environment from the severe pollution. Some of the alternative management practices include the incorporation of the stubble into the soil, use of stubble as fuel in power plants, use as raw material for pulp and paper industries, or as biomass for biofuel production. It can also be used to generate compost and biochar, or as blend for the production of cement and bricks. Most of the farmers in North Stubble burning industry contribution to clean environment by used of stubble as a flame India are not aware of the prolific alternatives for managing stubble and, therefore, consider burning as the best option. This necessitates the need for immense awareness programs to enlighten the farmers about the availability of economically feasible options and the composite effects of stubble burning.