Relevant bibliographies by topics / Air - Pollution - Toxicology

Academic literature on the topic 'Air - Pollution - Toxicology'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Air - Pollution - Toxicology"

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Costa, Daniel L. "Historical Highlights of Air Pollution Toxicology." Toxicological Sciences 164, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy117.

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Crepat, Guy. "Toxicology & Air Pollution: Risk Assessment." Indoor Environment 4, no. 3-4 (May 1995): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x9500400314.

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Maynard, RL. "Air pollution." Human & Experimental Toxicology 34, no. 12 (November 26, 2015): 1253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327115603585.

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Perceptions of the effects on health of air pollutants have changed dramatically over the past thirty five years. It is now clear that current, historically low, concentrations of air pollutants have significant effects on health and that these effects bear most heavily on deaths and illness caused by cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological studies have provided the evidence for these conclusions; toxicological studies have provided explanations, not yet complete, for these effects. Most emphasis has been placed on the effects of airborne particles and the evidence for their effects is convincing. Less attention has been paid to the effects of gaseous air pollutants: it may be that their effects have been, and are, under-estimated. Recent work has allowed the effects on health of air pollutants to be quantified at both a national and global scale. This work has led to the realization that the effects are large and that air pollutants continue to pose an important threat to health.
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Moriarty, F. "Arctic air pollution." Environmental Pollution 48, no. 2 (1987): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(87)90099-6.

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Ghio, Andrew J., Joleen M. Soukup, and Michael C. Madden. "The toxicology of air pollution predicts its epidemiology." Inhalation Toxicology 30, no. 9-10 (August 24, 2018): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2018.1530316.

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Newman, James R., and R. K. Schreiber. "Air pollution and wildlife toxicology: An overlooked problem." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 7, no. 5 (May 1988): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620070508.

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Mills, Nicholas L., Håkan Törnqvist, Simon D. Robinson, Manuel C. Gonzalez, Stefan Söderberg, Thomas Sandström, Anders Blomberg, David E. Newby, and Ken Donaldson. "Air Pollution and Atherothrombosis." Inhalation Toxicology 19, sup1 (January 2007): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08958370701495170.

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M, Luisetto, and Naseer Al-Mukthar. "Air Pollution COVID-19 and Forensic Implications." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 7 (July 31, 2021): 602–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1284.

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COVID-19 and the new variant are a classic example of viral and environmental toxicology link. Observing literature related spread velocity and diffusion of this respiratory virus it is clear the role played by air pollution. The high rate of this environmental pollutant produced a worsening factors that increased mortality rate also.
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Hoek, G., and K. de Hoogh. "European air pollution models." Toxicology Letters 295 (October 2018): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1147.

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Skeffington, Richard. "Air pollution engineering manual." Environmental Pollution 86, no. 3 (1994): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90179-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Air - Pollution - Toxicology"

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Gorr, Matthew W. "Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Dysfunction." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1428674045.

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Billah, Md Baki. "Chemical and toxicological characterization of chemical contaminants in air pollution particulate matter." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/155.

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In wintertime hazy episodes, the air pollution in northern China has always reached to an alarming level. In the winter of 2012-13, the trans-boundary air pollution from China has attracted national and global attention. An elevated public awareness to the unprecedented pollution levels has prompted much investigation on the health effects of fine particulate matter (PM), in particular PM2.5. Since PM-elicited harmful effects primarily depends on the composition of chemical contaminants adsorbed, in this study we characterized the chemical compositions of PM2.5 and determined its associated toxicity. Samples of PM2.5 were collected using high-volume samplers installed in five northern and southern cities in China. One typical (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) and one emerging (perfluorinated compounds, PFCs) family of organic pollutants were analyzed using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-MS-MS (LC-MS-MS), followed by in-vitro or/and in vivo studies. In Chapters 2 and 3, sixteen PAH congeners in PM2.5 samples collected from five different cities (Hong Kong (HK), Guangzhou (GZ), Xiamen (XM), Xi’an (XA) and Beijing (BJ)) in the winter and summer time 2012-13 was analyzed. The biological effects of the sample extracts were determined using the human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 3.35 to 80.45 ng/m3 air, leading by BJ, followed by XA, XM, GZ and HK. In a comparison of the physical and chemical data of the samples obtained during the winter and summer sampling periods, the amount of PM collected per unit time and the concentrations of PAHs adsorbed were found to be remarkably greater in the winter time. In the cell culture study, the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-6, IL-6) and detoxifying enzymes (i.e. cytochrome p450 enzymes, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1) were found to be stimulated in the treatment. The cells exposed to sample extracts prepared from XA and BJ demonstrated significant migratory activities, indicating a sign of increase of tumorigenicity. These data highlighted the risk of getting lung cancer in local population. In chapters 4 and 5, we focused on the emerging pollutants PFCs, in particular PFOS. Chemical characterization was implemented using the winter samples. Biological effects of PFOS were conducted using omics approach in a maternal-fetal model. Therefore, in the first part of chapter 4, we measured the concentrations of nine PFC congeners in PM2.5 samples using LC-MS-MS. Generally, the eight PFCs, namely PFOS, PFDoA, PFUdA, PFDA, PFNA, PFOA, PFHxA and PFBA were detected in all the sampling cities, with the exception PFHxS which was below the limit of detection. The total PFC concentrations ranged from 121.2 to 192.2pg/m3, leading by GZ, followed by XA, BJ, XM and HK. The data denoted the risk of inhalation exposure to PFCs through PM2.5, which enter into blood circulations via lung alveoli, presumably penetrates through placenta in affecting fetal health. Therefore, in the latter part of chapter 4, the potential adverse effect of prenatal exposure to the prototypical PFC congener PFOS was used in the maternal-fetal mouse model to determine its effects on fetal liver and pancreas. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that the in-utero exposure to PFOS affect the expression of genes associated with fatty acid metabolism, lipid transport, and steroid synthesis in fetal livers. KEGG pathway analysis showed these changes were primarily associated with modulations of arachidonic, linoleic acid, retinol metabolism and PPAR signaling pathways in fetal liver. To identify additional target fetal tissue of PFOS, in chapter 5, we investigated the effects of PFOS on the protein expression in fetal pancreas using the technique of “Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). We identified changes in the protein expressions involved in pancreatic secretion, protein digestion and absorption, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, fat digestion and absorption, glycerolipid metabolism and steroid biosynthesis. The perturbations to these targets may increase the risk of pancreatitis in mouse offspring. Collectively, this study provided a comprehensive chemical and biological analysis of PM2.5 collected in China and demonstrated the toxicities, in vitro and in vivo of the adsorbed chemical contaminants.
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Kim, Dasom. "PPAR-gamma Regulates T Cell Responses in Air Pollutant-associated Inflammation." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522414820700163.

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Demer, Frank Robert 1961. "The impact of various cure parameters on the release of 4-phenylcyclohexene from carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber latex." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277075.

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Research was initiated to examine the feasibility of removing the majority of 4-PCH from the XSBR latex employed in carpet manufacturing. The reduction of 4-PCH from such latices would lend insight into the control of certain carpet related illnesses.
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Bakand, Shahnaz Safety Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "Development of in vitro methods for toxicity assessment of workplace air contaminants." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Safety Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24246.

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Exposure to air contaminants is significantly associated with both short-term and long-term health effects. However, the precise mechanisms that derive such effects are not always understood. While an extensive background database from in vivo toxicological studies have been developed, most toxicity data is from oral and dermal chemical exposures rather than inhalation exposure. There is a need to explore new alternative approaches to provide toxicity information particularly on this technically demanding area. This research explores the potential of in vitro methods for toxicity assessment of workplace air contaminants. A tiered approach for in vitro toxicity testing of workplace contaminants was designed in which appropriate air sampling and exposure techniques were developed. A diversified battery of in vitro assays including the MTS (tetrazolium salt, Promega), NRU (neutral red uptake, Sigma) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate, Promega) and a multiple human cell system including: A549- lung derived cells; HepG2-liver derived cells, and skin fibroblasts were used. Primarily the application and merits of in vitro methods for prediction of toxicity of selected workplace contaminants including Ammonium hydroxide, Cadmium chloride, Cobalt chloride, Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde, Manganese chloride, Mercuric chloride, Sodium dichromate, Sulphureous acid and Zinc chloride was confirmed. To study the toxicity of airborne contaminants an indirect exposure method was established using air sampling techniques followed by static and dynamic direct exposure methods by culturing cells on porous membranes to reveal representative data relating to human airborne exposures. The static method enabled the measurement of an airborne IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) value for selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including: Xylene (IC50 = 5,350-8,200 ppm) and Toluene (IC50 = 10,500- 16,600 ppm) after 1 hr exposure. By implementing the dynamic method, airborne IC50 values were calculated for gaseous contaminants including: NO2 (IC50 = 11 ?? 3.54 ppm; NRU), SO2 (IC50 = 48 ?? 2.83 ppm; ATP) and NH3 (IC50 = 199 ?? 1.41 ppm; MTS). A higher sensitivity of in vitro methods was observed compared to in vivo published data. A range of in vitro bioassays in conjunction with exposure techniques developed in this thesis may provide an advanced technology for a comprehensive risk assessment of workplace air contaminants.
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Norris, Mary Jo. "A Study of Radon in Air and Water in Maine Schools." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/NorrisMJ2002.pdf.

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Almeida, Daniela Sanches de. "Estudo da exposição pessoal ao material particulado atmosférico em Londrina." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1900.

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CNPq; CAPES
A exposição humana a poluentes atmosféricos causam efeitos adversos à saúde. As áreas urbanas com alta densidade populacional e fluxos de veículos elevados são regiões críticas. Os poluentes do ar são onipresentes, e certo nível de exposição é inevitável, variável e dependente de uma série de fatores ambientais e individuais de cada um. O presente trabalho visou medir e avaliar a exposição pessoal ao material particulado atmosférico por indivíduos da cidade de Londrina em um estudo com 30 voluntários de 6 classes de ocupação. Utilizando monitores pessoais de concentração de material particulado atmosférico foram medidas as concentrações em massa e número de partículas no ar inalado. Células bucais dos voluntários foram coletadas antes e após a exposição para a determinação da genotoxicidade pelo teste do cometa. Foram realizadas campanhas de amostragem no inverno, em rotas georreferenciadas que variaram de acordo com a rotina de cada indivíduo. A partir das concentrações medidas, tempo de exposição e massa corporal foram calculadas as doses recebidas individualmente. As concentrações em massa (média de 8 h) encontradas para os voluntários variaram de 2,41 a 34,07 µg m-3 para MP1,0 e de 23,11 a 11060,54 µg m-3 para o MP10. As concentrações em número de partículas encontradas variaram de 14 a 183 partículas cm-3 para o MP0,3; para o MP2,5 elas variaram de 0,20 a 27 partículas cm-3. A categoria Construção e Indústria apresentou as doses recebidas mais elevadas, enquanto o setor Administrativo apresentou as menores. Através do teste de Kruskal-Wallis foi verificado que há diferença significativa de danos no DNA nas classes Comércio, Construção e Indústria e Transporte, quando comparadas ao controle (classe Administrativo). O modelo que melhor se adequou aos dados foi o Binomial Negativo, indicando associação positiva, principalmente das classes de ocupação e número de partículas com os danos ao DNA das células bucais. Os resultados da simulação de deposição pulmonar a partir das concentrações obtidas na amostragem indicaram que nos voluntários onde o diâmetro predominante das partículas era menor, a fração depositada no pulmão foi maior, embora a concentração em massa fosse maior. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a relevância do tamanho das partículas e composição química nos efeitos à saúde, a importância de medidas de exposição pessoal para estudos epidemiológicos em saúde e a viabilidade deste tipo de amostragem pessoal, porém para resultados mais significativos é recomendável a ampliação deste estudo.
The exposure to air pollutants in humans causes damage effects on health. Urban areas with high population density and high vehicular flows are critical regions. Air pollutants are omnipresent, and some level of exposure is inevitable, variable and dependent on a number of environmental and individual factors of each. This work aimed to measure and assess personal exposure to airborne particulate matter by individuals in Londrina with 30 voluntaries from 6 occupation classes. Using personal monitors the concentration of airborne particulate matter concentrations were measured in mass and number of particles in the inhaled air. Buccal cells of the volunteers were collected before and after exposure to the determination of genotoxicity by Comet assay. Sampling campaigns were carried out in winter with georeferenced routes that varied according to the routine of each individual. From concentrations measured, time of exposure and body weight the received doses were calculated individually. The mass concentrations (average of 8 hours) found in the volunteers ranged from 2.41 to 34.07 µg m-3 for MP1,0 and 23.11 to 11060.54 µg m-3 for PM10. The concentrations in number of particles found varied from 14 to 183 particles cm-3 to MP0,3; for PM2.5 they varied from 0.20 to 27 particles cm-3. Construction and Industry category showed the highest doses, while the administrative sector had the lowest. Using the Kruskal Wallis test was found a significant difference of DNA damage in classes Trade, Construction and Industry and Transportation, when these were compared with the control group (Administrative class). The model best suited to the data was the Negative Binomial, indicating positive association, mainly of the occupation class, number of particles with damage to DNA from buccal cells. The results of the lung deposition simulation from the concentrations obtained in the sample show that in volunteers where the predominant particle diameter was smaller, the fraction deposited in the lungs was higher, although the bulk concentration was higher. The results show the importance of particle size and chemical composition on the health effects, the importance of personal exposure measurements for epidemiological studies on health and the feasibility of this type of personal sampling, but for more significant results it is recommended the magnification of this study.
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Ardiles, Leda Gabriela. "Risco à saúde atribuído à poluição do ar e variáveis meteorológicas na região metropolitana de Curitiba." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1907.

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Capes; Fundação Araucária
Este trabalho visou determinar o risco atribuído à saúde da população pela exposição à poluição do ar e variáveis meteorológicas na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba (RMC) e com maior ênfase nas cidades de Araucária e Curitiba, no período de 2010 a 2014, nas faixas etárias de 0 a 9 anos, 10 a 19, 20 a 64, maiores de 64 anos e para todas as faixas etárias incluídas. Curitiba e Araucária são os maiores polos populacional e industrial do estado, respectivamente, com predominância de distintas fontes de emissão de poluentes. Neste estudo foi investigada as associações da qualidade do ar e variáveis meteorológicas com doenças circulatórias e respiratórias, calculado o Risco Relativo (RR) e o risco atribuído a saúde pelas concentrações de MP10 e O3. Os resultados indicaram que o modelo com distribuição Binomial Negativa foi o mais adequado aos dados e utilizado diferentemente da maioria dos estudos que usam Poisson. A partir dos coeficientes obtidos no modelo de regressão, foram calculados o risco relativo e o risco atribuído causados pelos poluentes do ar. O melhor ajuste de modelo (resíduo de Pearson mais próximo a um), se encontrou para o grupo de idosos com mais de 64 anos, em Araucária, para doenças circulatórias devido às concentrações de CO, e para internações respiratórias devido aos poluentes O3, SO2 e T-Tm, que é a temperatura diária menos a temperatura média de 2010 a 2014. Em Curitiba, o melhor ajuste ocorreu para o grupo com todas as faixas etárias para internações circulatórias devido ao MP10, e o grupo de 20 a 64 anos para internações respiratórias, para CO, O3 e T-Tm. As defasagens mais importantes ocorreram entre 3 a 7 dias após a exposição aos poluentes atmosféricos. Em Araucária, o RR mais significativo estatisticamente para internações circulatórias foi de 1,44635 em maiores de 64 anos para CO, e nas internações respiratórias foi de 2,4128 encontrado na faixa etária de 10 a 19 anos, também para o CO. Em Curitiba o RR mais significativo ocorreu para internações por doenças respiratórias com valor de 1,00315 na faixa de 0 a 9 anos para o MP10, de 1,14881 na faixa de 20 a 64 anos para CO, de 1,00329 entre 20 a 64 anos para O3, e de 1,13886 para maiores de 64 anos devido ao CO. Foram associadas 112 e 97 internações devido ao MP10, por doenças circulatórias e respiratórias na RMC no período de 2010 a 2014. Foram associadas 67 internações respiratórias, devido ao O3. Com a estimação destes valores, é possível avaliar o impacto que a poluição do ar na RMC representa para a saúde pública e que poderiam ser evitados e direcionados na prevenção dos efeitos adversos à saúde da população, na implantação de políticas e normas reguladoras para diminuição da emissão e concentração dos poluentes atmosféricos.
This study aimed to determine the risk attributed to human health by exposure to air pollution and meteorological variables in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba (MRC). The greater emphasis is on the cities of Araucária and Curitiba, in the period from 2010 to 2014, for age groups of 0-9 years old, 10-19, 20-64, over 64 years, and another including all ages. Curitiba has the major populations and Araucaria has the major industrial centers of the state, with a predominance of different pollutant emission sources. This study investigated the associations of air quality and meteorological variables with circulatory and respiratory diseases, the relative risk (RR) and the risk assigned to health by concentrations of PM10 and O3. The results indicate that the model with Negative Binomial distribution is the most suitable, differently of most of the studies presented until now. The relative risk and attributable risk by air pollutants were calculated from the coefficients obtained in the regression model. The best adjustment was found for the group of people over 64 years in Araucaria, both for circulatory diseases due to CO, as for respiratory hospitalizations due to O3, SO2 and T-Tm. In Curitiba, the best adjustment of the model was for the group containing all ages for circulatory hospitalizations due to PM10, and the group of 20-64 years for respiratory hospitalizations for CO, O3 and T-Tm. The most significant lags were from 3 to 7 days after the exposure to air pollution. In Araucária the most statistically significant RR was 1.44635 for circulatory hospitalizations among people over 64 years due to CO. For respiratory hospitalizations, the RR was 2.4128, found in the age group 10 to 19 years, corresponding to the pollutant CO. The RR was also important in the group of 20-64 years for NO2, which was 1.00758. At Curitiba the most significant RR was by hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in the amount of 1.00315 to the group of 0-9 years due to PM10, of 1.14881 in the range of 20-64 years old for CO, of 1.00329 for 20-64 to O3, and 1.13886 for over 64 years old due to CO. 112 circulatory hospitalizations in the MRC were associated to PM10 and 97 respiratory hospitalization were associated with the PM10. 67 respiratory hospitalizations in the MRC were associated to O3. With the estimation of these values, it is possible to evaluate the impact in public health and how these costs could be avoided and focused on the prevention of adverse effects of public health, the implementation of regulatory policies and regulations to reduce the emission and concentration of air pollutants.
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Méausoone, Clémence. "Etude en Interface Air-Liquide de la toxicité des Composés Organiques Volatils lors d’expositions répétées : Cas du toluène, de ses homologues et des émissions issues de son traitement catalytique." Thesis, Littoral, 2019. https://documents.univ-littoral.fr/access/content/group/50b76a52-4e4b-4ade-a198-f84bc4e1bc3c/BULCO/Th%C3%A8ses/Toxicologie/these_Meausoone_Clemence.pdf.

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Le toluène est un solvant fréquemment utilisé par l’industrie manufacturière. Il appartient à la catégorie des composés organiques volatils (COV), dont nombre d’entre eux présentent des impacts néfastes sur la santé humaine et sont aujourd’hui classés cancérogènes, mutagènes et/ou reprotoxiques. Afin de diminuer la présence dans l’air de composés nocifs comme le toluène, il apparait essentiel d’envisager leur substitution dans les procédés industriels par des composés moins toxiques et/ou de réduire au maximum leurs émissions à la source. Dans ce contexte, le premier objectif du travail de recherche est d’étudier la toxicité aiguë et répétée du toluène, de ses homologues supérieurs, pouvant être utilisés comme composés de substitution, ainsi que de son homologue inférieur sur des cellules épithéliales bronchiques humaines à l’aide d’un dispositif d’exposition en interface air/liquide. Le deuxième objectif vise à évaluer le caractère toxique d’effluents gazeux issus de la dégradation du toluène par oxydation catalytique. Pour cela, les cellules BEAS-2B ont été exposées 1 heure par jour pendant 1, 3 et 5 jours au benzène, au toluène, au xylène ou au mésitylène, ainsi qu’aux effluents gazeux obtenus après traitement catalytique du toluène. Les effets toxiques ont été évalués au travers des paramètres de cytotoxicité, de réponse inflammatoire et d’expression génique des enzymes de métabolisation des xénobiotiques (EMX). L’exposition des cellules BEAS-2B au toluène et à ses homologues a révélé l’implication de voies métaboliques spécifiques à chaque composé. Une augmentation significative des marqueurs de l’inflammation a également été observée, avec une concentration plus importante pour le benzène et le xylène par rapport aux autres molécules. Concernant l’exposition aux effluents gazeux issus de l’oxydation catalytique du toluène, l’expression tardive de gènes impliqués dans le métabolisme des xénobiotiques organiques aromatiques, est compatible avec la présence de sous-produits, tels que le benzène ou les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques. En conclusion, les résultats obtenus dans ce projet montrent l’intérêt de mener des expositions in vitro en condition répétée permettant de déceler de potentiels effets tardifs et la pertinence de la validation toxicologique des systèmes catalytiques avant leur formulation en pilote industriel
Toluene is a solvent widely used in manufacturing industries. It belongs to a family of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), many of which have adverse impacts on human health and are classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic for reproduction. Different measures have been implemented to reduce the emissions of toxic compounds, such as their replacement in the industry by less harmful compounds and/or reducing gas emissions at the source. In this context, the first objective of the research was to investigate the acute toxicity and the one after repeated exposure to toluene and its superior homologous solvents, which can be used as its substitution compounds, as well as its lower homologous on human bronchial epithelial cells using an air/liquid interface exposure device. The second objective was to assess the toxicity of gaseous effluents from the degradation of toluene by catalytic oxidation. For this purpose, BEAS-2B cells were exposed during 1 hour for 1, 3 or 5 days to benzene, toluene, xylene or mesitylene, and to the exhausts of catalytic oxidation of toluene. Toxic effects were evaluated through cytotoxicity, inflammatory response and gene expression of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes (XME). Exposure of BEAS-2B cells to toluene and its homologous compounds revealed the involvement of metabolic pathways specific to each compound. A significant increase in inflammatory marker response was also observed, with a higher concentration after cell exposure to benzene and to xylene compared to the other molecules. With regard to exposure to gaseous effluents from the catalytic oxidation of toluene, the late expression of genes involved in the metabolism of aromatic organic xenobiotics has made possible to highlight the presence of by-products, such as benzene or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In conclusion, the results obtained in this project show the interest of conducting repeated in vitro exposures to detect potential late effects, and the importance of toxicological validation of catalytic systems before scaling-up in industrial pilots
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André, Paulo Afonso de. "Câmara de Topo Aberto, CTA: construção e uso para observação de potencial tóxico da poluição atmosférica urbana com bioensaios em plantas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-24102007-134900/.

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A Câmara de Topo Aberto, CTA, foi adaptada para gerar um gradiente da concentração da poluição atmosférica ambiente por material particulado fino, capaz de ser utilizado em experimentos toxicológicos. Uma vez que os aerossóis urbanos são composições quimicamente complexas, com comprovada toxicidade na saúde e mecanismos de ação sobre o homem ainda pouco conhecidos, a utilização conjunta da CTA com sistemas sentinela simples e de baixo custo, capazes de detectar efeitos tóxicos agudos, constituem alternativa para avaliação desse ambiente. A Câmara de Topo Aberto, CTA, foi documentada em termos de dimensões, especificações e características operacionais, e avaliada durante 60 dias. A concentração ambiental média diária de material particulado fino no período foi de 28,6 ug/m3 e a redução média dessa concentração obtida no interior da CTA foi de 75%. Tradescantia clone 4430, KU20 e pallida cv. Purpurea foram colocadas dentro e fora da CTA para avaliar a resposta de bioensaios nesse gradiente de exposição. O protocolo de mutação em inflorescência (Trad-MCN) foi aplicado nos três espécimes vegetais, e detectou uma menor quantidade de micronúcleos no interior da CTA (p=0,002). Nos clones foram aplicados os protocolos de mutação em pêlo estaminal (Trad-SHM) e aborto em grão de pólen, tendo sido detectada menor resposta para as plantas colocadas no interior da CTA (p=0,007 para pêlo estaminal e p= 0,041 para grão de pólen). Folhas dos três espécimes foram coletadas e submetidas à análise por fluorescência de raio-X. Foi detectada redução na concentração de titânio nas folhas coletadas dentro da CTA (p=0,049). A análise fatorial identificou a presença de fontes de solo e automotiva, com menor concentração observada nas folhas colhidas dentro da CTA. A utilização da CTA com bioensaios no ambiente urbano mostrou ser capaz de detectar efeitos agudos em plantas frente ao gradiente de exposição obtido.
Open Top Chamber was modified to obtain a differential concentration on environmental pollution capable to be used on toxicological studies. Since urban aerosol constitutes a very complex chemical composition, with well known toxic action on health but requesting clarification about their biological mechanisms, the use of Open Top Chamber with low cost sentinel systems seems to be an alternative to detect acute toxic effects on such environment. Open Top Chamber was described on its dimensional and operational characteristics, and operated on a 60 days campaign. During this campaign the daily average concentration of fine particles was 28,6 ug/m3 and inside the Open Top Chamber it was obtained a reduction about 75% on such concentration. Tradescantia clone 4430, KU20 and pallida cv. Purpurea were placed inside and outside the chamber to evaluate bioassay response on each pollution concentration. The Trad-MCN bioassay detected a lower micronuclei count on plants inside the chamber (p=0,002). Clones were submitted to stamen hair mutation (Trad-SHM) and pollen mother cell abortion protocols, detecting also a lower effect on plants inside the chamber (p=0,007 for stamen hair mutation and p=0,041 for pollen mother cells abortion). Leaves of all spices were collected and submitted to X-ray fluorescence analysis. The titanium concentration was lower on samplers collected inside the chamber (p=0,049). The factorial analysis identified the presence of elements from soil and automotive sources with a lower concentration on samples collected inside the chamber. The combined use of Open Top Chamber with bioassay on urban environment is capable to detect acute effects on plants when submitted to the obtained particulate concentration reduction.
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Books on the topic "Air - Pollution - Toxicology"

1

Frank, R., JJ O'Neil, MJ Utell, JD Hackney, J. Van Ryzin, and PE Brubaker, eds. Inhalation Toxicology of Air Pollution: Clinical Research Considerations. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp872-eb.

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Pope, Anne A. Preliminary compilation of air pollutant emission factors for selected air toxic compounds. Research Triangle Park NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1987.

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Ein Land erstickt: Kranke Umwelt, kranke Menschen. München: Kösel-Verlag, 1985.

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Moody, Theresa K. Ongoing research and regulatory development projects: Final report. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1990.

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Symon, Karel. Znečištění ovzduší a zdraví. Praha: Avicenum, 1988.

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Smith, Kirk R. Biofuels, Air Pollution, and Health: A Global Review. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988.

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Hayes, John M. An isotopic study of the inhalation toxicology of oxidants. Research Triangle Park, NC: Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986.

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Dhillon, Sukhraj S. Industrial leaks and air pollution: Causes, cures and health concerns. Dayton, OH: Pamphlet Publications, 1987.

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Owen, Carol A. Bibliography of selected reports and Federal Register notices related to air toxics.: Final report. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1990.

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Owen, Carol A. Bibliography of selected reports and Federal Register notices related to air toxics.: Final report. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Air - Pollution - Toxicology"

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Peden, David B. "Air Pollution and Asthma." In Molecular and Integrative Toxicology, 93–117. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6_4.

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Edwards, Sharon, Pamela Maxson, Nicole Sandberg, and Marie Lynn Miranda. "Air Pollution and Pregnancy Outcomes." In Molecular and Integrative Toxicology, 51–91. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6_3.

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Araujo, Jesus A., and Michael E. Rosenfeld. "Air Pollution, Lipids and Atherosclerosis." In Molecular and Integrative Toxicology, 241–67. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6_9.

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Tighe, Robert M., Jennifer Wheeler, and John W. Hollingsworth. "Air Pollution and Immune Function." In Molecular and Integrative Toxicology, 289–321. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6_11.

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Elder, Alison, Joel Schwartz, and Günter Oberdörster. "Particulate Air Pollution and CNS Health." In Molecular and Integrative Toxicology, 269–88. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6_10.

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Steerenberg, P. A., P. H. Fischer, L. van Bree, and H. van Loveren. "Nasal Lavage Biomarkers in Air Pollution Epidemiology." In Archives of Toxicology, 207–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60682-3_19.

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Veras, Mariana Matera, Natália de Souza Xavier Costa, Laís Fajersztajn, and Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva. "Impacts of Air Pollution on Reproductive Health." In Molecular and Integrative Toxicology, 25–50. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6_2.

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Redai, Imre, and Angela Haczku. "Air Pollution and Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease." In Molecular and Integrative Toxicology, 119–49. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6_5.

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Zhang, Junfeng, and Drew Day. "Urban Air Pollution and Health in Developing Countries." In Molecular and Integrative Toxicology, 355–80. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6_13.

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Uhlmann, W., H. Altner, E. D. Schulze, and O. L. Lange. "Introduction: The Problem of Forest Decline and the Bavarian Forest Toxicology Research Group." In Forest Decline and Air Pollution, 1–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61332-6_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Air - Pollution - Toxicology"

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Kamilova, E., and B. Tsarev. "Mortality of silkworms due to air pollution: environmental indicators induced by ecological stress." In ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/etox080261.

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