Relevant bibliographies by topics / Air pollution processes and air quality measurement

Academic literature on the topic 'Air pollution processes and air quality measurement'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Air pollution processes and air quality measurement"

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de Leeuw, Gerrit, Ronald van der A, Jianhui Bai, Yong Xue, Costas Varotsos, Zhengqiang Li, Cheng Fan, et al. "Air Quality over China." Remote Sensing 13, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13173542.

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The strong economic growth in China in recent decades, together with meteorological factors, has resulted in serious air pollution problems, in particular over large industrialized areas with high population density. To reduce the concentrations of pollutants, air pollution control policies have been successfully implemented, resulting in the gradual decrease of air pollution in China during the last decade, as evidenced from both satellite and ground-based measurements. The aims of the Dragon 4 project “Air quality over China” were the determination of trends in the concentrations of aerosols and trace gases, quantification of emissions using a top-down approach and gain a better understanding of the sources, transport and underlying processes contributing to air pollution. This was achieved through (a) satellite observations of trace gases and aerosols to study the temporal and spatial variability of air pollutants; (b) derivation of trace gas emissions from satellite observations to study sources of air pollution and improve air quality modeling; and (c) study effects of haze on air quality. In these studies, the satellite observations are complemented with ground-based observations and modeling.
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Zivkovic, Predrag, Mladen Tomic, Gradimir Ilic, Mica Vukic, and Zana Stevanovic. "Specific approach for continuous air quality monitoring." Chemical Industry 66, no. 1 (2012): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind110525066z.

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Rapid industry development as well as increase of traffic volume across the world resulted in air quality becoming one of the most important factors of everyday life. Air quality monitoring is the necessary factor for proper decision making regarding air pollution. An integral part of such investigations is the measurement of wind characteristics, as the wind is the most influential factor in turbulent pollution diffusion into the atmosphere. The most of the air pollution originates from combustion processes, so it is important to make quantitative, as well as qualitative analysis, as the sources of pollution can be very distant. In this paper, specific methodology for continuous wind, temperature and air quality data acquisition is presented. Comparison of the measured results is given, as well as the detailed presentation of the characteristics of the acquisition software used.
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Toth, Lorand, Angelica Călămar, Alexandru Simion, and Alin Irimia. "Performing comparative determinations on pollutant immissions through reference methods and by means of infrared spectroscopy." MATEC Web of Conferences 305 (2020): 00057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030500057.

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Atmospheric pollutants come from a series of anthropic activities and natural processes. When feeding large amounts of polluting species into the atmospheric layer, the issue of air pollution phenomenology is stated. Atmospheric pollution implies a risk generated by exposure to harmful substances (under different forms of aggregation) for all living organisms in the biosphere. This paper aims to identify the possibility of using an alternative method of determining air quality compared to currently used reference methods. There is the question of checking through statistical tools of the advantage of using a single determination to obtain the pollutant species and the gas concentrations Currently, carbon oxide concentration is determined by non-dispersive IR spectroscopy, nitrogen oxides are determined by chemiluminescence and sulphur dioxide is determined by UV fluorescence, these being the reference methods. For the achievement of highlighting results, the gas concentrations will be determined both by the reference methods and by an alternative method involving Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, imposing on the alternative method quality assurance criteria. By knowing the pollutant levels, can develop various air pollution control technologies and strategies in order to reduce air pollution, also design effective and economically efficient air pollution control strategies for human protection. Expected results involve data processing, obtained from field measurements of polluting species (CO, NOx SO2), through statistical instruments (repeatability / reproducibility limit, bias, accuracy and uncertainty of measurement) and establishing the framing of the results in the performance requirements imposed by the specialized literature in order to use modern methods for quantifying the level of air pollution.
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Shi, Zongbo, Tuan Vu, Simone Kotthaus, Roy M. Harrison, Sue Grimmond, Siyao Yue, Tong Zhu, et al. "Introduction to the special issue “In-depth study of air pollution sources and processes within Beijing and its surrounding region (APHH-Beijing)”." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 11 (June 5, 2019): 7519–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7519-2019.

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Abstract. The Atmospheric Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity (APHH-Beijing) programme is an international collaborative project focusing on understanding the sources, processes and health effects of air pollution in the Beijing megacity. APHH-Beijing brings together leading China and UK research groups, state-of-the-art infrastructure and air quality models to work on four research themes: (1) sources and emissions of air pollutants; (2) atmospheric processes affecting urban air pollution; (3) air pollution exposure and health impacts; and (4) interventions and solutions. Themes 1 and 2 are closely integrated and support Theme 3, while Themes 1–3 provide scientific data for Theme 4 to develop cost-effective air pollution mitigation solutions. This paper provides an introduction to (i) the rationale of the APHH-Beijing programme and (ii) the measurement and modelling activities performed as part of it. In addition, this paper introduces the meteorology and air quality conditions during two joint intensive field campaigns – a core integration activity in APHH-Beijing. The coordinated campaigns provided observations of the atmospheric chemistry and physics at two sites: (i) the Institute of Atmospheric Physics in central Beijing and (ii) Pinggu in rural Beijing during 10 November–10 December 2016 (winter) and 21 May–22 June 2017 (summer). The campaigns were complemented by numerical modelling and automatic air quality and low-cost sensor observations in the Beijing megacity. In summary, the paper provides background information on the APHH-Beijing programme and sets the scene for more focused papers addressing specific aspects, processes and effects of air pollution in Beijing.
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DVORETSKA, I. V., M. V. SAVENETS, L. M. NADTOCHII, M. P. BASHTANNIK, and N. S. ZHEMERA. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM FOR ATMOSPHERIC AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN KYIV ACCORDING TO THE EU REQUIREMENTS." Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, no. 3(65) (2022): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2022.3.8.

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The paper is dedicated to the problems of the current system for atmospheric air quality monitoring which is operated by the national hydrometeorological service of Ukraine in Kyiv. The problems are discussed in the context of implementing the Directives of the European Parliament and the Council on ambient air quality. The improvement of the current monitoring system needs immediate solutions due to the nonconformity to modern requirements not only in Kyiv, but also on the entire Ukrainian territory. The study makes an attempt to define the main steps of network improvement and the optimization of air pollution measurement network using air pollution data from the archives of the Central Geophysical Observatory, pollutants’ emission, land-use/land cover and meteorological data for 2000-2019. We discuss main EU requirements for monitoring sites’ location, atmospheric air pollution and emission data. The analysis showed the necessity for preliminary urban field measurements before the establishment of monitoring sites. Depending on the wind regime, the new measurement network must take into account the prevailing synoptic processes for future understanding how air pollution is transported towards and outwards the urban area. Land-use/ land cover data derived from the Landsat allowed distinguishing residential areas, industrial zones, main roads, water bodies and green areas which is crucial for the selection of suitable places for monitoring sites. Using mentioned principles and requirements, we propose 15 monitoring sites for the improved air quality network in Kyiv. This number of sites are greater than EU Directives claimed because conclusions were made on theoretical estimations without field measurements. The presented list of the monitoring sites needs additional analysis of spatio-temporal pollutants’ distribution in combination with atmospheric modelling. However, the analysis considers actual residential areas and emission sources in the background of the modern wind regime in Kyiv.
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Hertel, Ole, Thomas Ellermann, Finn Palmgren, Ruwim Berkowicz, Per Løfstrøm, Lise Marie Frohn, Camilla Geels, et al. "Integrated air-quality monitoring - combined use of measurements and models in monitoring programmes." Environmental Chemistry 4, no. 2 (2007): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06077.

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Environmental context. Optimisation of allocated resources, improved quality, and better understanding of processes – these are the main advantages of applying integrated monitoring (IM). The paper describes IM as a combination of air pollution measuring and modelling, and describes how it is implemented in air-quality management in Denmark. However, the IM concept may also be applied to follow air-quality levels in other countries that currently do not have a corresponding system. It may also be applied to the environmental monitoring of other compartments. Abstract. Integrated air-quality monitoring (IM) is here defined as monitoring based on the combination of results of atmospheric measurements from usually fixed site stations, and results obtained from calculations with air-quality models. This paper outlines experience from the use of IM at the National Environmental Research Institute (NERI) within the two nationwide air-quality monitoring programmes for the Danish urban and rural environments, respectively. The measurements in these Danish monitoring programmes are used to determine actual levels and trends in pollutant concentrations and depositions of pollutants. The measurements are further used for process understanding, and for the development and validation of air-quality models. The results from the air-quality models are used in the interpretation of measurements, but they are also used to provide information about, for example, source apportionment. The model calculations are used to extend the geographical coverage of the monitoring, and to provide information about pollution loads at locations or regions that are not well covered by the limited number of measurement stations in the monitoring programmes. Finally, the air-quality models are applied to carry out scenario studies of future pollution loads, e.g. assessment of the effects of various emission reduction strategies. NERI operates and holds the overall responsibility for the Danish air-quality monitoring programmes. These monitoring programmes are designed to fulfil the Danish obligations in relation to the EU directives on air quality, as well as the Danish obligations in relation to the reporting of data to international organisations (EMEP, HELCOM, OSPARCOM, and WHO). The obtained results from the use of IM form the basis for the national assessment of the air pollution loads in relation to protection of the aquatic and terrestrial environment; in these assessments the use of IM plays a central role.
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Wu, Guixian, Wenling Tian, Li Zhang, and Haiyan Yang. "The Chinese Spring Festival Impact on Air Quality in China: A Critical Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 9074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159074.

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It is known that the sharp change of air pollutants affects air quality. Chinese Spring Festival is the most important holiday for Chinese people, and the celebration of the holiday with fireworks and the movement of people all around the country results in significant change in multiple air pollutant emissions of various sources. As many cities and rural areas suffer from the air pollution caused by firework displays and more residential fuel consumption, there is an urgency to examine the impact of the Chinese Spring Festival on air quality. Hence, this paper firstly gives an overall insight into the holiday’s impact on ambient and household air quality in China, both in urban and rural areas. The main findings of this study are: (1) The firework displays affect the air quality of urban and rural atmosphere and household air; (2) the reduction in anthropogenic emissions improves the air quality during the Chinese Spring Festival; (3) the household air in urban areas was affected most by firework burning, while the household air in rural homes was affected most by fuel consumption; and (4) the short-term health impact of air pollution during the holidays also need more concern. Although there have been many publications focused on the holiday’s impact on ambient and household air quality, most of them focused on the measurement of pollutant concentration, while studies on the formation mechanism of air pollution, the influence of meteorological conditions, and the health outcome under the effect of the Chinese Spring Festival are rare. In the future, studies focused on these processes are welcomed.
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Kulle, Nasrul, Baharuddin Hamzah, and Rosady Mulyadi. "Air Quality of a Parking Building in Makassar (A Case Study of Bosowa Tower Parking Building)." EPI International Journal of Engineering 4, no. 1 (September 15, 2021): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.022021.11.

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This study aims to determine the level of air quality in the parking building based on the pollution content in it (CO, CO2, HCHO and, VOC), to analyze the effect of the weather, intensity of motorized vehicle traffic, and surface elevation to the air quality. The dependent variable is the level of air pollution. The research sample is the Makassar Bosowa Tower Parking Building, data collection was carried out by direct measurement and observation in 12 days from November 24th till December 17th. The research was done using the comparative method, The data processed using the Mann-Whitney difference test, and the Spearman correlation test using SPSS application. The results showed that the average CO levels had exceeded the limit of good air quality, the average of CO2 levels was still within the limits for good air quality, and the average of HCHO and VOC levels were mostly within the limits for good indoor air quality, according to The Indonesia Minister of Health Regulation Number 1077 in 2011. The result of measurements and tests shows that the changes in the weather do not have a significant effect on the air quality. The amount and the intensity of motorized vehicle traffic affect the air quality, especially during rainy weather.
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Milošević, Teodora, Lado Kranjčević, Stjepan Piličić, Marko Čavrak, Igor Kegalj, and Luka Traven. "Air Pollution Dispersion Modeling in Port Areas." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 3, no. 3 (June 2020): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2020.00.12.

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For the last couple of decades, environmental protection awareness within port areas is gaining ever more importance. Ports can have a tremendous impact on the environment, especially in terms of air pollution. The main pollution sources are various port activities such as road and rail traffic, cargo handling and marine vessel operations. Air quality models can be of great help in estimating the effect on the ambient air quality from one or more sources emitting pollutants to the atmosphere. One of those models is the widely used Gaussian Plume dispersion approach. Based on existing measurements and port activity data, models can simulate the dispersion of air pollutants caused by activities and operations taking place within the port. By using historical data, they can simulate the current state of the air quality in the port and with the help of weather predictions simulate possible future situation. Simulations can assist the port manager/operator in the decision-making process in order to optimize various activities within the port and minimize their impact on the environment. One of the main objectives of the Horizon 2020 Project PIXEL (Port IoT for environmental leverage) is the deployment of environmental pollution models which can aid in the decision-making processes within the port domain. This paper reviews the current advances in the field of air pollution modelling with a special emphasis on port scenarios.
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Biggart, Michael, Jenny Stocker, Ruth M. Doherty, Oliver Wild, Michael Hollaway, David Carruthers, Jie Li, et al. "Street-scale air quality modelling for Beijing during a winter 2016 measurement campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 2755–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2755-2020.

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Abstract. We examine the street-scale variation of NOx, NO2, O3 and PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing during the Atmospheric Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity (APHH-China) winter measurement campaign in November–December 2016. Simulations are performed using the urban air pollution dispersion and chemistry model ADMS-Urban and an explicit network of road source emissions. Two versions of the gridded Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC v1.3) are used: the standard MEIC v1.3 emissions and an optimised version, both at 3 km resolution. We construct a new traffic emissions inventory by apportioning the transport sector onto a detailed spatial road map. Agreement between mean simulated and measured pollutant concentrations from Beijing's air quality monitoring network and the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) field site is improved when using the optimised emissions inventory. The inclusion of fast NOx–O3 chemistry and explicit traffic emissions enables the sharp concentration gradients adjacent to major roads to be resolved with the model. However, NO2 concentrations are overestimated close to roads, likely due to the assumption of uniform traffic activity across the study domain. Differences between measured and simulated diurnal NO2 cycles suggest that an additional evening NOx emission source, likely related to heavy-duty diesel trucks, is not fully accounted for in the emissions inventory. Overestimates in simulated early evening NO2 are reduced by delaying the formation of stable boundary layer conditions in the model to replicate Beijing's urban heat island. The simulated campaign period mean PM2.5 concentration range across the monitoring network (∼15 µg m−3) is much lower than the measured range (∼40 µg m−3). This is likely a consequence of insufficient PM2.5 emissions and spatial variability, neglect of explicit point sources, and assumption of a homogeneous background PM2.5 level. Sensitivity studies highlight that the use of explicit road source emissions, modified diurnal emission profiles, and inclusion of urban heat island effects permit closer agreement between simulated and measured NO2 concentrations. This work lays the foundations for future studies of human exposure to ambient air pollution across complex urban areas, with the APHH-China campaign measurements providing a valuable means of evaluating the impact of key processes on street-scale air quality.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Air pollution processes and air quality measurement"

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Rahmani, Mariam. "Indoor Air Quality Measurements." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2003. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/415.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf
Bachelors
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering
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Van, Greunen Larey-Marié. "Selection of air pollution control technologies for power plants, gasification and refining processes." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04112007-111900.

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Trail, Marcus. "Atlanta PM₂. ₅, 1999-2008: asaca data trends, quality, and application to ion sensitivity analysis." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33853.

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Beginning in March 1999 at Georgia Institute of Technology, the ASACA (Assessment of Spatial Aerosol Composition in Atlanta) program has provided PM₂. ₅ concentration and speciation using particle concentration monitoring in and around metropolitan Atlanta. Since 1999, three of the ASACA sites have collected PM₂. ₅ in an urban setting: Fort McPherson (FT, SW), South Dekalb (SD, SE), and Tucker (TU, NE). In January 2007, TU was retired and Fire Station 8 (FS8, NE) was employed as the new urban site. Starting in 2002, PM₂. ₅ concentrations have also been characterized at a rural site, Fort Yargo (YG). Water-soluble ionic species and carbonaceous species concentrations are collected daily on filters using a three-channel particulate composition monitor (PCM). From 1999 to 2008, average PM₂. ₅ concentrations range from 12.9 µg/m3 at YG to 15.4 µg/m3 at TU. Sulfate and organic matter are the main components of Atlanta PM, contributing around 26% and 31% respectively to PM mass. Overall ASACA data quality increased from around 5 in 1999 to a value of 9 in 2005. Seasonal PM data quality appears to be significantly affected by volatility of secondary aerosol species during warm months because ionic data quality regularly decreases in the summer. PM is more sensitive to total sulfate concentration than nitrate and ammonia year-round.
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何德生 and Tak-sang Eric Ho. "A study of the correlation between perceived indoor air quality and concentrations of selected pollutants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31222651.

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Janse, van Rensburg Francois. "An investigation of indoor air quality assessment in office buildings." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/32.

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Over the last several years studies have shown that the quality of indoor air may be worse than outdoor air. People spend as much as 90% of their time indoors, therefor, the associated health risk due to indoor air pollution may be greater than the risk due to outdoor air pollution. Building designs have altered dramatically over the last two decades resulted in "tighter" buildings that rely on sophisticated mechanical systems to provide for the quantity of air required throughout the building. These changes over the years could result in an increased number of complaints received regarding Sick Building Syndrome symptoms. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that up to 30% of office buildings world-wide may have significant problems regarding poor indoor air quality (IAQ). This study involves a literature study of the major indoor air pollutants regarding the source of the pollutant, the associated health effects, the measuring techniques available and the results of previous studies conducted on the specific pollutant. Measurements will be taken in two sealed buildings, one an old and the other a new building to identify the major pollutants. A questionnaire was compiled specifically for building occupants and completed by the occupants of both buildings. From the results obtained a step-by-step method for solving indoor air quality (IAQ) problems was proposed. The method was applied and evaluated in a case study of a problem building where indoor air quality related problems were experienced. The results of the study revealed that the major indoor air pollutants are present in old as well as new buildings. The study also revealed that some office workers might be more susceptible than others to the medical reactions cause to human beings by these pollutants. Some concentrations are higher in new buildings than in old buildings. The responses from the questionnaire was evaluated against the results obtained from the measurement study. The step-by-step method in the case study provided a more systematic approach at solving IAQ problems at buildings. Solving indoor air quality problems is a very practical issue and does not necessarily require an investment of expensive high technology equipment, but might merely require a practical approach. Environmental Health Officers can play a major role in providing expert advice when scrutinizing building plans. Environmental Health Officers should empower themselves with the knowledge to do inspections or investigations in office buildings by using the step-by-step method for investigating indoor air quality problems. By addressing indoor air quality problems in buildings, the workers in healthy buildings can increase their productivity with lasting effects on a company’s bottom line.
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Wong, Ming-hong Daniel, and 黃明康. "A study of passive sampling and modelling techniques for urban air pollution determination." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30252325.

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Simbi, Joseph. "Levels of selected gaseous pollutants in ambient air in the vicinity of a chemical industry, Kwekwe, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2015.

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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.
The integrity of natural air has been compromised due to the deposition of chemical, biological and particulate substances from natural and anthropogenic sources. Adverse health consequences arising from the exposure of plants, animals and human to elevated atmospheric concentrations have been reported severally. The ambient baseline levels of many air contaminants in urban and industrial layouts of many Africa cities, especially Zimbabwe have not been fully characterized. Information on levels of these contaminants and their real time variability is therefore scarce and scanty. In this study, the ambient air concentration levels of selected gaseous pollutants in the vicinity of a fertilizer production facility in Zimbabwe were investigated. Nine sampling stations were systematically and randomly identified for the measurement of selected air pollutants (SO2, NO2, and NH3) the fertilizer production factory to capture air quality data on all wind directions. The electrochemical Drager Sensors which rely on electrochemical measuring transducer for measuring concentration of gases under atmospheric conditions was used for the measurement of NH3, SO2, and NO2. The ambient air monitored was allowed to diffuse through a membrane into the sensor liquid electrolytes, containing a sensing electrode, a counter electrode, a reference electrode, and an electronic potentiostat-circuit which ensures constant electrical voltage between the sensing electrode and the reference electrode. The flow of electrons, generated by the reaction is proportional to the concentration of the measured gas. The observed concentrations of NH3, SO2, and NO2 measured within and around the study site were very variable. Levels of NH3 ranged between 0.36 - 7.36 ppm; corresponding values for SO2 and NO2 were 0.02 - 84.61 ppm and 0.61 - 34.78 ppm respectively. These concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than measured (NH3; 0.01 - 0.05 ppm: SO2; 0.03 - 0.18 ppm: NO2; 0.17 - 1.30 ppm) at the control sampling station about 5 km from the industry. Isokinetic and dissipation of the measured gases, governed by the processes of molecular diffusion and convection, confirmed a common pattern of distance dissipation. Thus, the cloud concentrations of NH3, SO2, and NO2 within the facility were higher than observed distances away from the fertilizer factory.
Zimbabwe Presidential Scholarship
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Walsh, Dale Warner 1961. "PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATION AND TOXICITY OF 4-PHENYLCYCLOHEXENE: AN EMISSION OF NEW CARPETING (ODOR, HEALTH, INDOOR)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276881.

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Baek, Jaemeen. "Improving aerosol simulations: assessing and improving emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation in air quality modeling." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37249.

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Both long-term and short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been shown to increase the rate of respiratory and cardiovascular illness, premature death, and hospital admissions from respiratory causes. It is important to understand what contributes to ambient PM2.5 level to establish effective regulation, and air quality model can provide guidance based on the best scientific understanding available. However, PM2.5 simulations in air quality models have often found performance less than desirable, particularly for organic carbon levels. Here, some of major shortcomings of current air quality model will be addressed and improved by using CMAQ, receptor models, and regression analysis. Detailed source apportionment of PM2.5 performed using the CMAQ-tracer method suggests that wood combustion and mobile sources are the largest sources of PM2.5, followed by meat cooking and industrial processes. Biases in emission estimates are investigated using tracer species, such as organic molecular markers and trace metals that are used in receptor models. Comparison of simulated and observed tracer species shows some consistent discrepancies, which enables us to quantify biases in emissions and improve CMAQ simulations. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is another topic that is investigated. CMAQ studies on organic aerosol usually underestimate organic carbon with larger than a 50% bias. Formation of aged aerosol from multigenerational semi-volatile organic carbon is added to CMAQ, significantly improving performance of organic aerosol simulations.
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Isiugo, Kelechi I. "Traffic-Related Air Pollutants: Measurement, Modeling and Respiratory Health Effects." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535464094176172.

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Books on the topic "Air pollution processes and air quality measurement"

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Idriss, A. Air quality model guideline. Edmonton: Alberta Environment, 2009.

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Idriss, A. Air quality model guideline. Edmonton: Alberta Environment, Science and Standards Branch, 2003.

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Air quality model guideline. Edmonton: Environmental Sciences Division, Environmental Service, 2000.

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Hess-Kosa, Kathleen. Indoor air quality: Sampling methodologies. Boca Raton, Fla: Lewis, 2002.

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John, Delaney. Air quality monitoring: Annual report. Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency, 2003.

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Division, Alberta Environmental Sciences, ed. Interim air quality model guideline. Edmonton: Alberta Environment, Environmental Sciences Division, 2000.

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Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission. Air quality modeling guidelines. Austin, TX: Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, 1999.

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Indoor air quality engineering. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2005.

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Riebau, Allen R. TAPAS: Topographic Air Pollution Analysis System. Springfield, VA : $b Available from National Technical Information Service: Denver, CO], 1987.

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Riebau, Al. TAPAS: Topographic Air Pollution Analysis System. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Air pollution processes and air quality measurement"

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Tishchikov, G. M., and B. B. Kozeruk. "Urban Air Quality Measurement: Organizational principles and Procedure Aspects." In Urban Air Pollution, 441–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61120-9_35.

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Carruthers, David, Silvana Di Sabatino, and Julian Hunt. "Urban Air Quality: Meteorological Processes." In Air Pollution Sources, Statistics and Health Effects, 163–91. New York, NY: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0596-7_427.

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Bozó, László, and Györgyi Baranka. "Evaluation of the air quality in Budapest based on the data of a monitoring network and measurement campaigns." In Urban Air Pollution, 243–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61120-9_20.

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Brechler, Josef. "Model Assessment of Air-Pollution in Prague." In Urban Air Quality: Measurement, Modelling and Management, 269–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0932-4_29.

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Berkowicz, Ruwim. "OSPM — A Parameterised Street Pollution Model." In Urban Air Quality: Measurement, Modelling and Management, 323–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0932-4_35.

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Berkowicz, Ruwim. "A Simple Model for Urban Background Pollution." In Urban Air Quality: Measurement, Modelling and Management, 259–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0932-4_28.

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Addison, Paul S., John I. Currie, David J. Low, and Joanna M. McCann. "An Integrated Approach to Street Canyon Pollution Modelling." In Urban Air Quality: Measurement, Modelling and Management, 333–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0932-4_36.

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José, R., J. L. Pérez, and R. M. González. "A Tool to Evaluate the Air Quality Impact of Industrial Plants by Using MM5-CMAQ." In Air Pollution Processes in Regional Scale, 257–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1071-9_29.

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Pelliccioni, A., and U. Poli. "Use of Neural Net Models to Forecast Atmospheric Pollution." In Urban Air Quality: Measurement, Modelling and Management, 297–304. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0932-4_32.

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Gobiet, A., D. Baumgartner, T. Krobath, R. Maderbacher, and E. Putz. "Urban Air Pollution Monitoring with DOAS Considering the Local Meteorological Situation." In Urban Air Quality: Measurement, Modelling and Management, 119–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0932-4_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Air pollution processes and air quality measurement"

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PETRAUSKAITĖ, Erika, and Rasa VAIŠKŪNAITĖ. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DROPLET BIOFILTER PACKED WITH GREEN SPHAGNUM TO CLEAN AIR FROM VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS." In Conference for Junior Researchers „Science – Future of Lithuania“. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2017.015.

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Volatile organic compound pollution is one of the problems of outdoor and indoor environment air quality. In order to maintain good air quality, air cleaning technologies are being engaged. One of the recent biological air treatment technology is biofiltration. It is a promising treatment of air from volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Experimental research of droplet biofilter for cleaning VOCs was carried out. Biofilter load of green sphagnum was used with the aim to clean three different concentrations of pollutant toluene. Measurements of biofiltration processes were recorded after 20 and 40 days. The aim of this experimental research is to estimate biofilter efficiency using green sphagnum as a load material.
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Šerevičienė, Vaida, Vaida Vasiliauskienė, Dainius Paliulis, and Jurgita Aleknaitė. "Integrated Evaluation of Road Transport Pollution Impact on the Urban Air." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.048.

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With the number of vehicles increasing, the analysis of urban air pollution becomes expedient. This article deals with the integrated evaluation of road transport realised pollutant impact on the urban air. During research, it was carried out complex measurements of the air quality involving passive diffusive sampling for nitrogen dioxide, active measurement for particle matters, lichen sampling for heavy metals and visual assessment of trees defoliation. Obtained results showed the statistically reliable (p &lt; 0.05) strong correlation (r = 0.83) between the number of passing vehicles and the concentration of particulate matter and there is even stronger correlation (r = 0.94; p &lt; 0.05) between the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and the number of passing vehicles. It was observed during the analysis, that in measuring sites in which was determined 30% more intense defoliation process, also determined a higher NO2 (&gt;10μg/m3) and lead (~10 mg/kg) concentrations. It can be argued that the source of mentioned pollutants is the same – motor transport, and their presence in the environment influences defoliation phenomenon.
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Al-Salem, M. S., A. Al-Haddad, and A. Rehman Khan. "Chemical processes effect on ambient air quality: modelling and primary/secondary pollutants monitoring study." In AIR POLLUTION 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air070281.

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Liang, Zhiyong, Chuck Zhang, Ben Wang, and Chiang Shih. "In-Situ Measurement and Monitoring of Fiber Preform Permeability for Liquid Composite Molding." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1796.

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Abstract In a liquid composite molding (LCM) process such as resin transfer molding (RTM), quality control depends on an in-situ permeability profile of the fibrous preform taken just before resin injection. However, the conventional permeability measurement method, which uses liquid (oil or resin) as its working fluid, only measures the average preform permeability in an off-line mode. It cannot be used to create an in-situ permeability profile because of fiber pollution, and cannot be used to reveal local permeability variations of preform. This study develops a new permeability characterization method that uses gas flow and pressure profiles to measure preform permeability variation in a closed mold assembly. This method is based upon two research findings: (1) that the air permeability of a preform can be obtained through measuring the pressure profile of gas flow, and (2) that resin permeability is highly correlated with air permeability for the same fiber preform. In this paper, the validity of this method is discussed. Experimental results of gas permeability measurement with defective and defect-free preforms are presented, and quantitative models for correlation of gas permeability versus pressure profile and of gas permeability versus resin permeability are also provided. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed method is illustrated through experimental results.
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BAUEROVÁ, PETRA, ZBYNĚK NOVÁK, ŠTĚPÁN RYCHLÍK, and JOSEF KEDER. "SMALL AIR QUALITY SENSORS: IN VIVO TESTING OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CAIRPOL SENSORS IN COMPARISON TO REFERENCE MEASUREMENT." In AIR POLLUTION 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air180321.

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ARROYO, PATRICIA, FÉLIX MELÉNDEZ, SERGIO RODRÍGUEZ, JOSÉ IGNACIO SUÁREZ, EDUARDO PINILLA, SERGIO MASA, ESTHER HONTAÑON, and JESÚS LOZANO. "LOW COST AND PORTABLE ELECTRONIC SYSTEM BASED ON ELECTROCHEMICAL AND PM SENSORS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING." In AIR POLLUTION 2020. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air200031.

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Bel’skaia, E. N., O. V. Taseiko, and A. V. Kotov. "Air pollution assessment in urban environment of Krasnoyarsk city." In Spatial Data Processing for Monitoring of Natural and Anthropogenic Processes 2021. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/sdm.2021.33.41.047.

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In this paper an assessment of air pollution in Krasnoyarsk for 2017–2019 is carried out based on the observations primary data of stationary posts for monitoring the state of air quality; the location of the posts with an indication of the development type is shown.
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Huang, Xindi. "APLICATION OF THE GAUSSIAN MODEL IN RESEARCH SPREADING AIR POLLUTION." In Modern aspects of modeling systems and processes. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mamsp_160-166.

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The article deals with the application of the Gaussian distribution for calculating the concen-tration of pollutants. When using the principle of superposition, we have the opportunity to obtain models for calculating the concentration of impurities from a point source of continuous action, in-stantaneous areal and instantaneous volumetric sources. The obtained standard deviations make it possible to assess the effect of air turbulence on the dispersion of pollutants. The first Gaussian model allows one to obtain a diffusion model of a local small-scale space and make predictions, then, based on the Gaussian model of the study, a modified model is obtained for other reliefs and weather conditions. Therefore, the modeling accuracy and applicable conditions are difficult to cope with the needs of large-scale complex meteorological conditions of air quality models.
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Huang, Xindi, and Nadezhda Yudina. "MODELS DESCRIBING THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS BY ROAD TRANSPORT." In Modern aspects of modeling systems and processes. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mamsp_167-173.

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Air pollution is the most serious environmental problem facing most industrial cities in the world and in China. The World Health Organization measured the concentration of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and total suspended particulate matter in 272 cities in 53 countries around the world, listing the ten most severely polluted cities in the world. The spatial and temporal distribu-tion of air pollutants depends on various factors such as the meteorological field, the source of emissions, the complex bottom surface of the site, the interplay of physical and chemical processes, and has strong non-linear characteristics [5]. Air quality forecasting is commonly used in the field of statistical forecasting methods, according to long-term monitoring data, the creation of a statisti-cal forecasting model, the model is simple, easy to operate business, but no solid physical founda-tion, and another numerical forecasting model based on atmospheric physics and material transfer model although the physical foundation is solid, comprehensive forecast results, but the forecast results are not reliable. Already in the 1950s, the system of meteorology of air pollution was gradu-ally formed, the box model, the Gaussian model, the Lagrange model, the Euler model, the dense gas model and other five types of models appeared. The first Gaussian model allows one to obtain a diffusion model of a local small-scale space and make predictions, then, based on the Gaussian model of the study, a modified model is obtained for other reliefs and weather conditions. There-fore, the modeling accuracy and applicable conditions are difficult to cope with the needs of large-scale complex meteorological conditions of air quality models.
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Sandoval Campos, Sebastian, Fabián A. Ballesteros Higuera, Sebastián Roa Prada, Claudia I. Cáceres Becerra, and Alfredo A. Díaz Claro. "Development of a Low-Cost Sensor Network for Community-Made Measurements of Air Pollution." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23994.

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Abstract The levels of pollution present in the air have been dramatically increasing over the years due to the continuous emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2, CO, NOx and H2S, among others. The main source of these emissions is from burning fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and transportation. This represents a tremendous risk to the populations located near the emission sources where people get exposed to dangerous concentrations of such gases on a daily basis. The lack of open real-time monitoring tools makes people unaware of the damage these pollutants cause to their health. This research proposes the development and implementation of a low-cost independent solution to keep the members of a community informed about concentration levels of air pollution due to local emissions. This tool must be easily accessible to the users so that the data about the number of particulates per million of a specific gas within a zone of interest can be viewed at any time. The proposed solution consists of a sensor network, covering the widest possible area, with respect to the point of interest. The collected data is sent to a cloud server, which operates as storage center and in which the data can be latter accessed for subsequent analysis. The measurements are sent to the server by means of a wireless communication protocol, carried out by a General Packet Radio Service, GPRS, communication module connected to each station. In this way, the coverage of the network is not limited by issues such as the use of local area networks which at the same time facilitates the transportation and installation of the stations at any desired measurement site. Since each station can collect large amounts of data during a given period of time, it was necessary to implement techniques such as Big Data in order to extract important information and to identify patterns from the data such as the areas having the highest concentration of gases and possible correlations with other variables such as local weather conditions. This information could be used to support the making of decisions that benefit the communities impacted by air pollution, for example the early triggering of bad air quality alarms or the development of policies to regulate industry operation that can potentially impact the health of neighboring communities. A pilot case study was implemented in the city of Floridablanca, Colombia, to demonstrate the monitoring of the emissions of hydrogen sulfide of a big wastewater processing plant.
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Reports on the topic "Air pollution processes and air quality measurement"

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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn, and Steve Chung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Roadside Transportation Related Air Quality (STARTRAQ) and Neighborhood Characterization. Mineta Transportation Institute, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2010.

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To promote active transportation modes (such as bike ride and walking), and to create safer communities for easier access to transit, it is essential to provide consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public. The relevant and timely information from data facilitates the improvement of decision-making processes for the establishment of public policy and urban planning for sustainable growth, and for promoting public health in the region. For the characterization of the spatial variation of transportation-emitted air pollution in the Fresno/Clovis neighborhood in California, various species of particulate matters emitted from traffic sources were measured using real-time monitors and GPS loggers at over 100 neighborhood walking routes within 58 census tracts from the previous research, Children’s Health to Air Pollution Study - San Joaquin Valley (CHAPS-SJV). Roadside air pollution data show that PM2.5, black carbon, and PAHs were significantly elevated in the neighborhood walking air samples compared to indoor air or the ambient monitoring station in the Central Fresno area due to the immediate source proximity. The simultaneous parallel measurements in two neighborhoods which are distinctively different areas (High diesel High poverty vs. Low diesel Low poverty) showed that the higher pollution levels were observed when more frequent vehicular activities were occurring around the neighborhoods. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations near the roadways were evident with a high volume of traffic and in regions with more unpaved areas. Neighborhood walking air samples were influenced by immediate roadway traffic conditions, such as encounters with diesel trucks, approaching in close proximity to freeways and/or busy roadways, passing cigarette smokers, and gardening activity. The elevated black carbon concentrations occur near the highway corridors and regions with high diesel traffic and high industry. This project provides consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public including: 1. Transportation-related particle pollution data 2. Spatial analyses of geocoded vehicle emissions 3. Neighborhood characterization for the built environment such as cities, buildings, roads, parks, walkways, etc.
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Akasha, Heba, Omid Ghaffarpasand, and Francis Pope. Climate Change and Air Pollution. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.071.

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This rapid literature review explores the interactions between climate change and air pollution, with a focus on human health impacts. In particular, the report explores potential synergies in tackling climate change and air pollution together. The impacts and implications of the transition from a carbon-intensive economy upon air quality and consequently human health are examined. Discussing climate change without air pollution can lead to risks. For example, strategies that focus on electrification and transition to renewable energy achieve maximum health and air quality benefits compared to strategies that focus mainly on combustible renewable fuels (biofuel and biomass) with some electrification. Addressing climate change necessitates a shift towards a new low carbon era. This involves stringent and innovative changes in behaviour, technology, and policy. There are distinct benefits of considering climate change and air pollution together. Many of the processes that cause climate change also cause air pollution, and hence reductions in these processes will generate cleaner air and less global warming. Politically, the consideration of the two issues in tandem can be beneficial because of the time-inconsistency problems of climate change. Air pollution improvements can offer politicians victories, on a useful timescale, to help in their aims of reversing climate change. By coupling air pollution and air pollution agendas together, it will increase the media and political attention both environmental causes receive. Policies should involve the integration of climate change, air quality, and health benefits to create win-win situations. The success of the strategies requires financial and technical capacity building, commitment, transparency, and multidisciplinary collaboration, including governance stakeholders at multiple levels, in both a top-down and bottom-up manner.
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Castellano, Mike J., Abraham G. Shaviv, Raphael Linker, and Matt Liebman. Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile soil organic matter fractions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597926.bard.

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A major goal in Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems is to maximize nitrogen availability to crops while minimizing nitrogen losses to air and water resources. This goal has presented a significant challenge to global agronomists and scientists because crops require large inputs of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to maximize yield, but N fertilizers are easily lost to surrounding ecosystems where they contribute to water pollution and greenhouse gas concentrations. Determination of the optimum N fertilizer input is complex because the amount of N produced from soil organic matter varies with time, space and management. Indicators of soil N availability may help to guide requirements for N fertilizer inputs and are increasingly viewed as indicators of soil health To address these challenges and improve N availability indicators, project 4550 “Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile organic matter fractions” addressed the following objectives: Link the quantity and quality of labile soil organic matter fractions to indicators of soil fertility and environmental quality including: i) laboratory potential net N mineralization ii) in situ gross N mineralization iii) in situ N accumulation on ion exchange resins iv) crop uptake of N from mineralized soil organic matter sources (non-fertilizer N), and v) soil nitrate pool size. Evaluate and compare the potential for hot water extractable organic matter (HWEOM) and particulate organic matter quantity and quality to characterize soil N dynamics in biophysically variable Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems that are managed with different N fertility sources. Ultimately, we sought to determine if nitrogen availability indicators are the same for i) gross vs. potential net N mineralization processes, ii) diverse agroecosystems (Israel vs. US) and, iii) management strategies (organic vs. inorganic N fertility sources). Nitrogen availability indicators significantly differed for gross vs. potential N mineralization processes. These results highlight that different mechanisms control each process. Although most research on N availability indicators focuses on potential net N mineralization, new research highlights that gross N mineralization may better reflect plant N availability. Results from this project identify the use of ion exchange resin (IERs) beads as a potential technical advance to improve N mineralization assays and predictors of N availability. The IERs mimic the rhizosphere by protecting mineralized N from loss and immobilization. As a result, the IERs may save time and money by providing a measurement of N mineralization that is more similar to the costly and time consuming measurement of gross N mineralization. In further search of more accurate and cost-effective predictors of N dynamics, Excitation- Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis of HWEOM solution has the potential to provide reliable indicators for changes in HWEOM over time. These results demonstrated that conventional methods of labile soil organic matter quantity (HWEOM) coupled with new analyses (EEM) may be used to obtain more detailed information about N dynamics. Across Israeli and US soils with organic and inorganic based N fertility sources, multiple linear regression models were developed to predict gross and potential N mineralization. The use of N availability indicators is increasing as they are incorporated into soil health assessments and agroecosystem models that guide N inputs. Results from this project suggest that some soil variables can universally predict these important ecosystem process across diverse soils, climate and agronomic management. BARD Report - Project4550 Page 2 of 249
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