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Journal articles on the topic 'Air – Pollution – Mexico'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Silva Rodríguez de San Miguel, Jorge Alejandro. "Management of air pollution in Mexico." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 30, no. 3 (April 8, 2019): 578–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2018-0099.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the management of air pollution in Mexico and strategies that have been considered to correct the issues, including potential future directions to further improve air quality for Mexico’s environment and people.Design/methodology/approachDifferent serious academic databases were searched for material regarding the issue of air pollution in Mexico, such as Scopus and Social Science Citation Index. Regional concern was an important factor that was considered in this review. Material was considered based on its recency, academic importance and veracity. The studies selected mainly ranged from the mid-1990s to 2018.FindingsAir pollution in Mexico has been a primary issue for the country’s administration and that of Mexico’s North American neighbour, the USA. It has contributed significantly to climate change and has had detrimental effects on both the environment and on the health of Mexican citizens in various ways. While efforts to ameliorate the situation have been relatively strong, it is hoped that ongoing cooperation between Mexico, the USA and Canada will influence the development of stricter emissions standards.Originality/valueThis paper considers current circumstances and whether enough has been done to mitigate Mexico’s significant air pollution problem. It also considers several recommendations made by commentators as to potential future directions to rectify the issues, as no similar review has been made for a developing Country.

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2

Garza, Gustavo. "Uncontrolled air pollution in Mexico City." Cities 13, no. 5 (October 1996): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(96)00019-4.

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3

Rodríguez-Caballero, C. Vladimir, and J. Eduardo Vera-Valdés. "Air Pollution and Mobility, What Carries COVID-19?" Econometrics 9, no. 4 (October 11, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics9040037.

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This paper tests if air pollution serves as a carrier for SARS-CoV-2 by measuring the effect of daily exposure to air pollution on its spread by panel data models that incorporates a possible commonality between municipalities. We show that the contemporary exposure to particle matter is not the main driver behind the increasing number of cases and deaths in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Remarkably, we also find that the cross-dependence between municipalities in the Mexican region is highly correlated to public mobility, which plays the leading role behind the rhythm of contagion. Our findings are particularly revealing given that the Mexico City Metropolitan Area did not experience a decrease in air pollution during COVID-19 induced lockdowns.

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4

Saenz, Joseph L., Rebeca Wong, and Jennifer A. Ailshire. "Indoor air pollution and cognitive function among older Mexican adults." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 1 (November 3, 2017): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209704.

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BackgroundA growing body of research suggests exposure to high levels of outdoor air pollution may negatively affect cognitive functioning in older adults, but less is known about the link between indoor sources of air pollution and cognitive functioning. We examine the association between exposure to indoor air pollution and cognitive function among older adults in Mexico, a developing country where combustion of biomass for domestic energy remains common.MethodData come from the 2012 Wave of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. The analytic sample consists of 13 023 Mexican adults over age 50. Indoor air pollution is assessed by the reported use of wood or coal as the household’s primary cooking fuel. Cognitive function is measured with assessments of verbal learning, verbal recall, attention, orientation and verbal fluency. Ordinary least squares regression is used to examine cross-sectional differences in cognitive function according to indoor air pollution exposure while accounting for demographic, household, health and economic characteristics.ResultsApproximately 16% of the sample reported using wood or coal as their primary cooking fuel, but this was far more common among those residing in the most rural areas (53%). Exposure to indoor air pollution was associated with poorer cognitive performance across all assessments, with the exception of verbal recall, even in fully adjusted models.ConclusionsIndoor air pollution may be an important factor for the cognitive health of older Mexican adults. Public health efforts should continue to develop interventions to reduce exposure to indoor air pollution in rural Mexico.

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Muriel-García, Manuel, Rosa María Cerón-Bretón, and Julia G. Cerón-Bretón. "Air Pollution in the Gulf of Mexico." Open Journal of Ecology 06, no. 01 (2016): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2016.61004.

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6

Collins, Charles O., and Steven L. Scott. "Air Pollution in the Valley of Mexico." Geographical Review 83, no. 2 (April 1993): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215250.

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7

OʼNeill, M., M. Bell, N. Ranjit, V. Borja, L. Cifuentes, N. Gouveia, and D. Loomis. "Air Pollution, Mortality and Education in Mexico." Epidemiology 17, Suppl (November 2006): S339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200611001-00898.

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8

Salcido, Alejandro, Susana Carreón-Sierra, and Ana-Teresa Celada-Murillo. "Air Pollution Flow Patterns in the Mexico City Region." Climate 7, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7110128.

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According to the Mexico City Emissions Inventory, mobile sources are responsible for approximately 86% of nitrogen oxide emissions in this region, and correspond to a NOx emission of 51 and 58 kilotons per year in Mexico City and the State of Mexico, respectively. Ozone levels in this region are often high and persist as one of the main problems of air pollution. Identifying the main scenarios for the transport and dispersion of air pollutants requires the knowledge of their flow patterns. This work examines the surface flow patterns of air pollutants (NO2, O3, SO2, and PM10) in the area of Mexico City (a region with strong orographic influences) over the period 2001–2010. The flow condition of a pollutant depends on the spatial distribution of its concentration and the mode of wind circulation in the region. We achieved the identification and characterization of the pollutant flow patterns through the exploitation of the 1-hour average values of the pollutant concentrations and wind data provided by the atmospheric monitoring network of Mexico City and the application of the k-means method of cluster analysis. The data objects for the cluster analysis were obtained by modeling Mexico City as a 4-cell spatial domain and describing, for each pollutant, the flow state in a cell by the spatial averages of the horizontal pollutant flow vector and its gradients (the divergence and curl of the flow vector). We identified seven patterns for wind circulation and nine patterns for each of NO2, O3, PM10, and SO2 pollutant flows. Their seasonal and annual average intensities and probabilities of occurrence were estimated.

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Hern??ndez-Gardu??o, Eduardo, Jos?? P??rez-Neria, Ana Mar??a Paccagnella, Mar??a Ang??lica Pi??a-Garc??a, Martha Mungu??a-Castro, Minerva Catal??n-V??zquez, and Margarita Rojas-Ramos. "Air Pollution and Respiratory Health in Mexico City." Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 39, no. 4 (April 1997): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199704000-00006.

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10

Loomis, Dana, Margarita Castillejos, Diane R. Gold, William McDonnell, and Victor Hugo Borja-Aburto. "Air Pollution and Infant Mortality in Mexico City." Epidemiology 10, no. 2 (March 1999): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199903000-00006.

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11

Soto-Coloballes, Natalia. "The Development of Air Pollution in Mexico City." SAGE Open 10, no. 2 (April 2020): 215824402093107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020931072.

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The present essay documents changes to both objects of inquiry and the meaning of the epistemological concept of air pollution and it explains the processes that produced them. Smog as a result of production processes and the use of the automobile was not a concern for researchers and government managers in Mexico City, who were used to the dust storms resulting from the desiccation of the great Texcoco Lake during much of the 20th century, until the most industrialized nations of the West and the World Health Organization (WHO), alongside other international bodies such as the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), reframed what was understood as air pollution, between the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s. Concerns about dust storms were displaced by concerns about factory and automotive emissions that contained new dangers—invisible hazards, just then being estimated, which altered what was understood or considered air pollution and gave rise to the quantification of particulate matter (which was then known as suspended dust particles) and new practices such as atmospheric monitoring. This essay concludes that what is understood as air pollution is situated; its meaning is not finite but simply evolves with time and with the rise of new global risks and concerns.

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12

Tovar, David Cibri�n. "Air pollution and forest decline near Mexico City." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 12, no. 1 (April 1989): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00396728.

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13

Bohren, Lenora. "Environmental Education for Automotive Personnel in Mexico." Practicing Anthropology 17, no. 4 (September 1, 1995): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.17.4.wxm5767l02777614.

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As an environmental anthropologist and coordinator of a variety of international projects, I have dealt with many cross-cultural issues concerning environmental problems. In my work for the National Center for Vehicle Emissions Control and Safety, I have been particularly concerned with the problem of mobile source air pollution—air pollution generated by automobiles. Both the training and expertise of local automotive personnel and cultural attitudes toward the automobile and regulations regarding its use must be understood and addressed in any program designed to alleviate air pollution. Assessments of local technical expertise and cultural attitudes and the design and implementation of culturally relevant programs require the skills of a competent ethnographer.

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Rojas-Rueda, David. "Health Impacts of Urban Bicycling in Mexico." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052300.

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Background: Bicycling has been associated with health benefits. Local and national authorities have been promoting bicycling as a tool to improve public health and the environment. Mexico is one of the largest Latin American countries, with high levels of sedentarism and non-communicable diseases. No previous studies have estimated the health impacts of Mexico’s national bicycling scenarios. Aim: Quantify the health impacts of Mexico urban bicycling scenarios. Methodology: Quantitative Health Impact Assessment, estimating health risks and benefits of bicycling scenarios in 51,718,756 adult urban inhabitants in Mexico (between 20 and 64 years old). Five bike scenarios were created based on current bike trends in Mexico. The number of premature deaths (increased or reduced) was estimated in relation to physical activity, road traffic fatalities, and air pollution. Input data were collected from national publicly available data sources from transport, environment, health and population reports, and surveys, in addition to scientific literature. Results: We estimated that nine premature deaths are prevented each year among urban populations in Mexico on the current car-bike substitution and trip levels (1% of bike trips), with an annual health economic benefit of US $1,897,920. If Mexico achieves similar trip levels to those reported in The Netherlands (27% of bike trips), 217 premature deaths could be saved annually, with an economic impact of US $45,760,960. In all bicycling scenarios assessed in Mexico, physical activity’s health benefits outweighed the health risks related to traffic fatalities and air pollution exposure. Conclusion: The study found that bicycling promotion in Mexico would provide important health benefits. The benefits of physical activity outweigh the risk from traffic fatalities and air pollution exposure in bicyclists. At the national level, Mexico could consider using sustainable transport policies as a tool to promote public health. Specifically, the support of active transportation through bicycling and urban design improvements could encourage physical activity and its health co-benefits.

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Vega, Elizabeth, Silvia Eidels, Hugo Ruiz, Diego López-Veneroni, Gustavo Sosa, Eugenio Gonzalez, John G. Watson, et al. "Particulate Air Pollution in Mexico City: A Detailed View." Aerosol and Air Quality Research 10, no. 3 (2010): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2009.06.0042.

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16

Apparicio, Philippe, Jérémy Gelb, Paula Negro-Poblete, Mathieu Carrier, Stéphanie Potvin, and Elaine Lesage-Mann. "Cyclists’ exposure to air pollution and noise in Mexico City." Revue Internationale de Géomatique 30, no. 3-4 (July 2020): 155–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rig.2021.00110.

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Air pollution and road traffic noise are two important environmental nuisances that could be harmful to the health and well-being of urban populations. In Mexico City, as in many North American cities, there has been an upsurge in bicycle ridership. However, Mexico City is also well known for having high levels of noise and air pollution. The purpose of this study is threefold: 1) evaluate cyclists’ exposure to air pollution (nitrogen dioxide) and road traffic noise; 2) identify local factors that increase or reduce cyclists’ exposure, in paying particular attention to the type of road and bicycle path or lane used; and 3) evaluate the influence of real-time traffic density on cyclists’ exposure. A total of 19 bicycle trips made in central Mexico City neighbourhoods were analyzed, representing nearly 11 hours and 137 km. The results of the Bayesian models show that type of road and bicycle infrastructure taken by the cyclist, and proximity to a main artery all have significant impacts on exposure levels. Finally, the variables introduced to control for the traffic encountered by cyclists had a significant positive effect on noise exposure, and a positive but not significant effect on nitrogen dioxide exposure.

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17

García-Burgos, Jimena, Yosune Miquelajauregui, Elizabeth Vega, Anil Namdeo, Alejandro Ruíz-Olivares, Juan Manuel Mejía-Arangure, Cinthia Gabriela Resendiz-Martinez, et al. "Exploring the Spatial Distribution of Air Pollution and Its Association with Socioeconomic Status Indicators in Mexico City." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 15320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215320.

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Air pollution is one of the most challenging global sustainability problems in the world. Roughly 90% of global citizens live in areas that exceed the acceptable air pollution levels according to the World Health Organization air quality guidelines. However, socially disadvantaged groups are disproportionately located in areas exposed to higher levels of air pollution. Understanding the association between risk exposure to air pollutants and the underlying socio-economic factors determining risk is central for sustainable urban planning. The purpose of this study was to explore environmental inequalities in Mexico City, specifically the spatial association between air pollutants and socioeconomic status (SES) indicators. We propose that SES indicators will be expected to spatially cluster vulnerable individuals and groups into heavily polluted areas. To test this hypothesis, we used 2017–2019 data from governmental records to perform spatial interpolations to explore the spatial distribution of criteria pollutants. We carried out spatial autocorrelations of air pollutants and SES indicators using the bivariate Moran’s I index. Our findings provide strong evidence of spatial heterogeneity in air pollution exposure in Mexico City. We found that socially deprived areas located in the southern periphery of Mexico City were exposed to higher ozone concentrations. On the contrary, wealthiest areas concentrated in the city center were exposed to greater concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. Our findings highlight the need for policy-driven approaches that take into consideration not only the geographic variability and meteorological dynamics associated with air pollution exposure, but also the management of socioeconomic risk factors aimed at reducing disparate exposure to air pollution and potential health impacts.

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Edgerton, S. A., X. Bian, J. C. Doran, J. D. Fast, J. M. Hubbe, E. L. Malone, W. J. Shaw, et al. "Particulate Air Pollution in Mexico City: A Collaborative Research Project." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 49, no. 10 (October 1999): 1221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1999.10463915.

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19

Riveros, Héctor G., Enrique Cabrera, and Pilar Ovalle. "Vehicle inspection and maintenance, and air pollution in Mexico City." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 7, no. 1 (January 2002): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-9209(01)00010-4.

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20

Romieu, Isabelle, Marlene Cortes Lugo, Silvia Ruiz Velasco, Sergio Sanchez, Fermando Meneses, and Mauricio Hemandez. "Air Pollution and School Absenteeism among Children in Mexico City." American Journal of Epidemiology 136, no. 12 (December 15, 1992): 1524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116474.

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21

Corona-Vázquez, Teresa, Jose De Jesus Flores Rivera, Mayela RodríguezViolante, and Amin Cervantes-Arriaga. "Air Pollution, Multiple Sclerosis and its Relevance to Mexico City." Archives of Medical Research 50, no. 3 (April 2019): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.07.003.

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22

Cromar, Kevin, Laura Gladson, Mónica Jaimes Palomera, and Lars Perlmutt. "Development of a Health-Based Index to Identify the Association between Air Pollution and Health Effects in Mexico City." Atmosphere 12, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030372.

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Health risks from air pollution continue to be a major concern for residents in Mexico City. These health burdens could be partially alleviated through individual avoidance behavior if accurate information regarding the daily health risks of multiple pollutants became available. A split sample approach was used in this study to create and validate a multi-pollutant, health-based air quality index. Poisson generalized linear models were used to assess the impacts of ambient air pollution (i.e., fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ground-level ozone (O3)) on a total of 610,982 daily emergency department (ED) visits for respiratory disease obtained from 40 facilities in the metropolitan area of Mexico City from 2010 to 2015. Increased risk of respiratory ED visits was observed for interquartile increases in the 4-day average concentrations of PM2.5 (Risk Ratio (RR) 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.04), O3 (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05), and to a lesser extent NO2 (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.02). An additive, multi-pollutant index was created using coefficients for these three pollutants. Positive associations of index values with daily respiratory ED visits was observed among children (ages 2–17) and adults (ages 18+). The use of previously unavailable daily health records enabled an assessment of short-term ambient air pollution concentrations on respiratory morbidity in Mexico City and the creation of a health-based air quality index, which is now currently in use in Mexico City.

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Cerón Breton, Rosa Maria, Julia Céron Breton, María de la Luz Espinosa Fuentes, Jonathan Kahl, Alberto Antonio Espinosa Guzman, Rocío García Martínez, Claudio Guarnaccia, Reyna del Carmen Lara Severino, Evangelina Ramirez Lara, and Antonella Bianca Francavilla. "Short-Term Associations between Morbidity and Air Pollution in Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Mexico." Atmosphere 12, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101352.

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Short-term effects of air pollution on the number of hospital admissions in eight municipalities of the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Mexico, were assessed from 2016 to 2019 using a time-series approach. Air quality data were obtained from the Atmospheric Monitoring System of Nuevo Leon State (SIMA) which belongs to SINAICA (National System of Air Quality Information), providing validated data for this study. Epidemiological data were provided by SINAIS (National System of Health Information), considering admission by all causes and specific causes, gender and different age groups. Guadalupe had the highest mean concentrations for SO2, CO and O3; whereas Santa Catarina showed the highest NO2 concentrations. Escobedo and Garcia registered the highest levels for PM10. Only PM10 and O3 exceeded the permissible maximum values established in Mexican official standards. A basal Poisson model was constructed to assess the association between daily morbidity and air pollutants, from this, a second scenario in which daily mean concentrations of air pollutant criteria increase by 10% was considered. Most of pollutants and municipalities studied showed a great number of associations between an increase of 10% in their current concentrations and morbidity, especially for the age group between 5 and 59 years during cold months, excepting ozone which showed a strongest correlation during summer. Results were comparable to those reported by other authors around the world, however, in spite of relative risk index (RRI) values being low, they are of public concern. This study demonstrated that considering the nature of their activities, economically active population and students, they could be more vulnerable to air pollution effects. Results found in this study can be used by decision makers to develop public policies focused on protecting this specific group of the population in metropolitan areas in Mexico.

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Gonzalez, Fidel, Mark Leipnik, and Diya Mazumder. "How much are urban residents in Mexico willing to pay for cleaner air?" Environment and Development Economics 18, no. 3 (February 18, 2013): 354–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x13000077.

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AbstractWe estimate the marginal willingness-to-pay for PM10 abatement in the three largest Mexican cities. We use a unique data set with actual market transactions at the household level from January 2003 to May 2004 and observed PM10 concentrations. We follow an instrumental variable approach to mitigate bias from omitted variables. We exploit the seasonality in PM10 concentrations due to rainfall patterns in those cities to construct a valid instrument for PM10. We find the house price–pollution elasticity to be around − 0.07 for Mexico City, − 0.05 for Guadalajara, and − 0.07 for Monterrey, implying that one unit reduction in PM10 levels is valued at US$41.73, 36.34 and 43.47, respectively. Our results indicate that urban residents of Mexico are willing to pay for cleaner air.

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Jang, Yu Woon, Sang Sub Ha, Il Soo Park, Gang Woong Lee, and Kyung Won Chung. "A Study of Reducing Policy of Air Pollution and Characteristics of Air Pollutants Using an Air Pollution monitoring Network in Mexico city." Journal of international area studies 17, no. 4 (January 31, 2014): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18327/jias.2014.01.17.4.121.

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Sánchez-Carrillo, Constanza I., Prudencia Cerón-Mireles, María Rosalba Rojas-Martínez, Laura Mendoza-Alvarado, Gustavo Olaiz-Fernández, and Víctor H. Borja-Aburto. "Surveillance of Acute Health Effects of Air Pollution in Mexico City." Epidemiology 14, no. 5 (September 2003): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000081801.90352.bf.

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Diaz, Magali Hurtado, Karla Cervantes Martínez, José Luis Texcalac Sangrador, Luis A. Arias Medellín, Leonora Rojas Bracho, and Horacio Riojas Rodríguez. "Assessment Of Respiratory Morbidity Attributable To Particulate Air Pollution In Mexico." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2015, no. 1 (August 20, 2015): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2015.2015-2651.

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28

Singh, H. B., W. H. Brune, J. H. Crawford, F. Flocke, and D. J. Jacob. "Chemistry and transport of pollution over the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific: Spring 2006 INTEX-B Campaign overview and first results." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 7, 2009): 363–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-363-2009.

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Abstract. Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-B (INTEX-B) was a major NASA1 led multi-partner atmospheric field campaign completed in the spring of 2006 (http://cloud1.arc.nasa.gov/intex-b/). Its major objectives aimed at (i) investigating the extent and persistence of the outflow of pollution from Mexico; (ii) understanding transport and evolution of Asian pollution and implications for air quality and climate across western North America; and (iii) validating space-borne observations of tropospheric composition. INTEX-B was performed in two phases. In its first phase (1–21 March), INTEX-B operated as part of the MILAGRO campaign with a focus on observations over Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico. In the second phase (17 April–15 May), the main INTEX-B focus was on the trans-Pacific Asian pollution transport. Multiple airborne platforms carrying state of the art chemistry and radiation payloads were flown in concert with satellites and ground stations during the two phases of INTEX-B. Validation of Aura satellite instruments (TES, OMI, MLS, HIRDLS) was a key objective within INTEX-B. Satellite products along with meteorological and 3-D chemical transport model forecasts were integrated into the flight planning process to allow targeted sampling of air parcels. Inter-comparisons were performed among and between aircraft payloads to quantify the accuracy of data and to create a unified data set. Pollution plumes were sampled over the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific several days after downwind transport from source regions. Signatures of Asian pollution were routinely detected by INTEX-B aircraft, providing a comprehensive data set on gas and aerosol composition to test models and evaluate pathways of pollution transport and their impact on air quality and climate. This overview provides details about campaign implementation and a context within which the present and future INTEX-B/MILAGRO publications can be understood. 1 Acronyms are provided in Appendix A.

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Singh, H. B., W. H. Brune, J. H. Crawford, F. Flocke, and D. J. Jacob. "Chemistry and transport of pollution over the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific: spring 2006 INTEX-B campaign overview and first results." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 7 (April 1, 2009): 2301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2301-2009.

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Abstract. Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-B (INTEX-B) was a major NASA (Acronyms are provided in Appendix A.) led multi-partner atmospheric field campaign completed in the spring of 2006 (http://cloud1.arc.nasa.gov/intex-b/). Its major objectives aimed at (i) investigating the extent and persistence of the outflow of pollution from Mexico; (ii) understanding transport and evolution of Asian pollution and implications for air quality and climate across western North America; and (iii) validating space-borne observations of tropospheric composition. INTEX-B was performed in two phases. In its first phase (1–21 March), INTEX-B operated as part of the MILAGRO campaign with a focus on observations over Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico. In the second phase (17 April–15 May), the main INTEX-B focus was on trans-Pacific Asian pollution transport. Multiple airborne platforms carrying state of the art chemistry and radiation payloads were flown in concert with satellites and ground stations during the two phases of INTEX-B. Validation of Aura satellite instruments (TES, OMI, MLS, HIRDLS) was a key objective within INTEX-B. Satellite products along with meteorological and 3-D chemical transport model forecasts were integrated into the flight planning process to allow targeted sampling of air parcels. Inter-comparisons were performed among and between aircraft payloads to quantify the accuracy of data and to create a unified data set. Pollution plumes were sampled over the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific several days after downwind transport from source regions. Signatures of Asian pollution were routinely detected by INTEX-B aircraft, providing a valuable data set on gas and aerosol composition to test models and evaluate pathways of pollution transport and their impact on air quality and climate. This overview provides details about campaign implementation and a context within which the present and future INTEX-B/MILAGRO publications can be understood.

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Zagal Flores, Roberto, Christophe Claramunt, Miguel Felix Mata Rivera, Laura Ivoone Garay Jiménez, Hugo Jiménez Hernández, Ana Marcela Herrera Navarro, and Amadeo José Argüelles Cruz. "A Geo-Social Characterization of Health Impact from Air Pollution in Mexico Valley." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (August 29, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5562317.

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The impact of the air pollution phenomenon has been long studied, but most often with a fragmented approach, without closely looking at the relationship between different components that characterize it, such as sensor-based data, health data from institutional databases, and data on how it is perceived by human beings in social media. The research developed in this study introduces an integrated methodological framework that analyses sensor data on air pollution distributed in space and time, combined with health data and social data narratives that reflect how different communities perceive this phenomenon in space and time; exploring how these different heterogeneous sources can be combined to better understand the impact of air pollution phenomena at the large-city level in the Valley of Mexico. We introduce a Spatio-temporal data integration and mining framework that aims to discover trends and insights regarding the distribution of the impact of an air pollution phenomenon in terms of human health and perception. The main peculiarity of our methodological framework is the integration of different large data sources by combining a series of methods: NLP (topic modeling), data mining (data cubes, unsupervised learning, and clustering), and GIS capabilities (spatial interpolation, choropleth maps) that together provide a better understanding of the quantitative and qualitative patterns emerging at a different spatial scale and temporal granularity. Overall, this shows how social data, when combined with quantitative data, can provide a better understanding of the impact of a given phenomenon, such as air pollution.

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Mukerjee, Shaibal. "Selected air quality trends and recent air pollution investigations in the US–Mexico border region." Science of The Total Environment 276, no. 1-3 (August 2001): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00782-3.

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Avilés-Polanco, Gerzaín, Marco Antonio Almendarez-Hernández, Luis Felipe Beltrán-Morales, and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio. "Spatial Effects of Urban Transport on Air Pollution in Metropolitan Municipalities of Mexico." Atmosphere 13, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081191.

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The objective of this work was to estimate the local effects and spatial spillover effects of the number of vehicles, use of urban public transport, and population density on nitrogen oxide emissions for 405 metropolitan municipalities in Mexico in 2016. To this end, a Spatial Durbin Model was estimated. We found positive direct effects of the number of vehicles and population density and negative direct effects of the use of urban public transport. The number of vehicles in circulation had negative spillover effects on the nitrogen oxide emissions of neighboring municipalities. These results indicate that the design of public policy programs aimed at reducing air pollution in Mexico should be based on coordination across metropolitan municipalities.

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Báez, A. P., R. D. Belmont, O. G. González, and I. P. Rosas. "Formaldehyde levels in air and wet precipitation at Mexico City, Mexico." Environmental Pollution 62, no. 2-3 (1989): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(89)90184-x.

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34

Astudillo-García, Claudia Iveth, Laura Andrea Rodríguez-Villamizar, Marlene Cortez-Lugo, Julio César Cruz-De la Cruz, and Julián Alfredo Fernández-Niño. "Air Pollution and Suicide in Mexico City: A Time Series Analysis, 2000–2016." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16 (August 18, 2019): 2971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162971.

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The association between air pollution and suicide has recently been under examination, and the findings continue to be contradictory. In order to contribute evidence to this still unresolved question, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between air quality and daily suicides registered in Mexico City (MC) between 2000 and 2016. Air quality was measured based on exposure to particulate matter under 2.5 and 10 micrometers (µm) (PM2.5 and PM10, respectively), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), adjusting for weather variables (air temperature and relative humidity), and holidays. To this end, an ecologic time series analysis was performed using a Poisson regression model conditioned by time and stratified by gender and age groups. Models were also generated to explore the lagged and accumulative effects of air pollutants, adjusted by weather variables. The effects of the pollutants were very close to the null value in the majority of the models, and no accumulative effects were identified. We believe these results, in this case, no evidence of a statistical association, contribute to the current debate about whether the association between air pollution and suicide reported in the scientific literature reflects an actual effect or an uncontrolled confounding effect.

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Wong, Michelle, Alexa Wilkie, Catalina Garzón-Galvis, Galatea King, Luis Olmedo, Esther Bejarano, Humberto Lugo, et al. "Community-Engaged Air Monitoring to Build Resilience Near the US-Mexico Border." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 9, 2020): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031092.

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Initiated in response to community concerns about high levels of air pollution and asthma, the Imperial County Community Air Monitoring Project was conducted as a collaboration between a community-based organization, a non-governmental environmental health program, and academic researchers. This community-engaged research project aimed to produce real-time, community-level air quality information through the establishment of a community air monitoring network (CAMN) of 40 low-cost particulate matter (PM) monitors in Imperial County, California. Methods used to involve the community partner organization and residents in the development, operation, and use of the CAMN included the following: (1) establishing equitable partnerships among the project collaborators; (2) forming a community steering committee to guide project activities; (3) engaging residents in data collection to determine monitor sites; (4) providing hands-on training to assemble and operate the air monitors; (5) conducting focus groups to guide display and dissemination of monitoring data; and (6) conducting trainings on community action planning. This robust community engagement in the project resulted in increased awareness, knowledge, capacity, infrastructure, and influence for the community partner organization and among community participants. Even after the conclusion of the original research grant funding for this project, the CAMN continues to be operated and sustained by the community partner, serving as a community resource used by residents, schools, researchers, and others to better understand and address air pollution and its impacts on community health, while strengthening the ability of the community to prepare for, respond to, and recover from harmful air pollution.

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Villarreal-Calderon, Rafael, Ricardo Torres-Jardón, Juan Palacios-Moreno, Norma Osnaya, Beatriz Pérez-Guillé, Robert R. Maronpot, William Reed, Hongtu Zhu, and Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas. "Urban Air Pollution Targets the Dorsal Vagal Complex and Dark Chocolate Offers Neuroprotection." International Journal of Toxicology 29, no. 6 (October 28, 2010): 604–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581810383587.

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Mexico City (MC) residents exposed to fine particulate matter and endotoxin exhibit inflammation of the olfactory bulb, substantia nigra, and vagus nerve. The goal of this study was to model these endpoints in mice and examine the neuroprotective effects of chocolate. Mice exposed to MC air received no treatment or oral dark chocolate and were compared to clean-air mice either untreated or treated intraperitoneally with endotoxin. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and CD14 messenger RNA (mRNA) were quantified after 4, 8, and 16 months of exposure in target brain regions. After 16 months of exposure, the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) exhibited significant inflammation in endotoxin-treated and MC mice (COX-2 and IL-1β P < .001). Mexico City mice had olfactory bulb upregulation of CD14 ( P = .002) and significant DVC imbalance in genes for antioxidant defenses, apoptosis, and neurodegeneration. These findings demonstrate sustained DVC inflammation in mice exposed to MC air, which is mitigated by chocolate administration.

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37

Delgadillo-Moya, Claudio. "Fifty years of Bryology in Mexico." Botanical Sciences 100, no. 2 (December 14, 2021): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2887.

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Background: Mexican botanists were not involved in bryophyte research fifty years ago; only four small floristic contributions were published between 1942-1958. Questions: What has been learned in the last fifty years? How many bryophytes are there in Mexico? What are the contributions by Mexican scientists? Studied species: Bryophyte flora. Study site and dates: Mexico, between 1942-2021. Methods: Bibliographic compilations were used to revise the status of bryophyte research in Mexico. Data for the last fifty years cited there and in an updated version of Latmoss served to determine the current knowledge of Mexican bryophytes as contributed by Mexican scientists. No thesis research was considered unless published in a scientific journal. Results: There are 16 species of Anthocerotophyta, ca. 600 of Marchantiophyta, and 997 Bryophyta in Mexico. At least seven phytogeographic elements are represented: Northern, Meso-American, Caribbean, Southern, Wide distribution, and Endemic. Highlights of Mexican research include the discovery of Hypnodontopsis sp., a Miocene amber fossil from Chiapas, identification of heavy metals deposits in urban mosses in Mexico City and Toluca, determination of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of Pseudocrossidium replicatum, and the potential use of recombinant proteins from Physcomitrella patens. Conclusions: Taxonomic and floristic studies should be continued along with the bryological exploration of the country. Conservation is urgent, but studies of drought tolerance, air pollution, climate change, and potential uses in medicine require support and collaboration from other scientists.

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Lozano-Sabido, E. D., E. A. Berrios-Barcenas, A. C. Cazares-Diazleal, E. Viveros-Renterìa, J. B. Àlvarez-Mosquera, J. M. Portos-Silva, and C. R. Kiamco-Castillo. "“ST-elevation myocardial infarction associated with air pollution levels in Mexico City”." IJC Heart & Vasculature 35 (August 2021): 100846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100846.

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Holguín, Fernando, Marta M. Téllez-Rojo, Mauricio Hernández, Marlene Cortez, Judith C. Chow, John G. Watson, David Mannino, and Isabelle Romieu. "Air Pollution and Heart Rate Variability Among the Elderly in Mexico City." Epidemiology 14, no. 5 (September 2003): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000081999.15060.ae.

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40

Hudson, Robyn, Aline Arriola, Margarita Martínez-Gómez, and Hans Distel. "Effect of Air Pollution on Olfactory Function in Residents of Mexico City." Chemical Senses 31, no. 1 (December 14, 2005): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjj019.

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Guarneros, M., T. Hummel, M. Martinez-Gomez, and R. Hudson. "Mexico City Air Pollution Adversely Affects Olfactory Function and Intranasal Trigeminal Sensitivity." Chemical Senses 34, no. 9 (October 9, 2009): 819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjp071.

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Vasquez, S. Martinez. "Estimation of Cost of Asthma Associated With Air Pollution in Mexico City." Epidemiology 18, Suppl (September 2007): S170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000276855.31018.b2.

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43

Barraza-Villarreal, A., L. Hernandez-Cadenza, C. Escamilla, B. Del Río, D. Díaz-Sánchez, and I. Romieu. "Air Pollution and Inflammatory Response in Asthmatic Children Residing in Mexico City." Epidemiology 18, Suppl (September 2007): S203—S204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000289041.74728.c1.

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44

Barraza-Villarreal, A., L. Hernandez-Cadena, C. Escamilla, B. E. Del Rio-Navarro, J. J. Siemra-Monge, and I. Romieu. "Lung Function and Air Pollution Exposure in Asthmatic Children From Mexico City." Epidemiology 17, Suppl (November 2006): S232—S233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200611001-00597.

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45

Ochoa-Covarrubias, Gabriela, Carlos González-Figueredo, Hugo DeAlba-Martínez, and Alejandro L. Grindlay. "Air Quality and Active Transportation Modes: A Spatiotemporal Concurrence Analysis in Guadalajara, Mexico." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 16, 2021): 13904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413904.

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The protection of pedestrians, cyclists, and public transportation passengers from environmental pollution is a global concern. This study fills the gap in the existing knowledge of temporal exposure to air pollution in Latin American metropolises. The paper proposes a methodology addressing the relationship between two objects of study, i.e., the users of active modes of transport and air quality. This new methodology assesses the spatiotemporal concurrence of both objects with statistical analysis of large open-access databases, to promote healthy and sustainable urban mobility. The application of the empirical methodology estimated the number of users of active transportation modes exposed to poor air quality episodes in the Guadalajara metropolitan area (Mexico) in 2019. The study considered two pollutants, ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM10), and two active modes, cycling and bus rapid transit (BRT). Spatiotemporal analyses were carried out with geographic information systems, as well as with numeric computing platforms. First, big data were used to count the number of users for each mode within the area of influence of the air quality monitoring stations. Second, the number of air pollution episodes was obtained using the air quality index proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency (USA) on an hourly basis. Third, the spatiotemporal concurrence between air quality episodes and active mode users was calculated. In particular, the air quality monitoring data from the Jalisco Atmospheric Monitoring System were compared to users of the public bicycle share system, known as MiBici, and of a bus rapid transit line, known as Mi Macro Calzada. The results showed that the number of cyclists and BRT passengers exposed to poor air quality episodes was considerable in absolute terms, that is, 208,660 users, while it was marginal when compared to the total number of users exposed to better air quality categories in the study area, who represented only 10%. To apply the results at the metropolitan scale, the spatial distribution of the air quality monitoring system should be improved, as well as the availability of data on pedestrians and conventional bus passengers.

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Bonilla, Jorge A., Alejandro Lopez-Feldman, Paula C. Pereda, Nathaly M. Rivera, and J. Cristobal Ruiz-Tagle. "Association between long-term air pollution exposure and COVID-19 mortality in Latin America." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): e0280355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280355.

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Recent studies have shown a relationship between air pollution and increased vulnerability and mortality due to COVID-19. Most of these studies have looked at developed countries. This study examines the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19-related deaths in four countries of Latin America that have been highly affected by the pandemic: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. Our results suggest that an increase in long-term exposure of 1 μg/m3 of fine particles is associated with a 2.7 percent increase in the COVID-19 mortality rate. This relationship is found primarily in municipalities of metropolitan areas, where urban air pollution sources dominate, and air quality guidelines are usually exceeded. By focusing the analysis on Latin America, we provide a first glimpse on the role of air pollution as a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality within a context characterized by weak environmental institutions, limited health care capacity and high levels of inequality.

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Crounse, J. D., P. F. DeCarlo, D. R. Blake, L. K. Emmons, T. L. Campos, E. C. Apel, A. D. Clarke, et al. "Biomass burning and urban air pollution over the Central Mexican Plateau." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 28, 2009): 2699–734. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-2699-2009.

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Abstract. Observations during the 2006 dry season of highly elevated concentrations of cyanides in the atmosphere above Mexico City (MC) and the surrounding plains, demonstrate that biomass burning (BB) significantly impacted air quality in the region. We find that during the period of our measurements, fires contribute more than half of the organic aerosol mass and submicron aerosol scattering, and one third of the enhancement in benzene, reactive nitrogen, and carbon monoxide in the outflow from the plateau. The combination of biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions will affect ozone chemistry in the MC outflow.

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Crounse, J. D., P. F. DeCarlo, D. R. Blake, L. K. Emmons, T. L. Campos, E. C. Apel, A. D. Clarke, et al. "Biomass burning and urban air pollution over the Central Mexican Plateau." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 14 (July 24, 2009): 4929–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4929-2009.

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Abstract. Observations during the 2006 dry season of highly elevated concentrations of cyanides in the atmosphere above Mexico City (MC) and the surrounding plains demonstrate that biomass burning (BB) significantly impacted air quality in the region. We find that during the period of our measurements, fires contribute more than half of the organic aerosol mass and submicron aerosol scattering, and one third of the enhancement in benzene, reactive nitrogen, and carbon monoxide in the outflow from the plateau. The combination of biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions will affect ozone chemistry in the MC outflow.

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ALEXANDRA, Christina, Tiffany TANTRI, and Fergyanto E. GUNAWAN. "Analyzing the Performance Criteria of ARMA Model for Air Quality Forecasting in Jakarta." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 10, no. 7 (January 27, 2020): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.10.7(39).16.

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Air pollution has been receiving global attention because of its effects on human health and the environment. The ability to predict the level of a pollutant concentration is important for various purposes such as for prevention and mitigation. Some papers had implemented various forecasting techniques to predict air pollution in Mexico, Spain, Malaysia. This research intends to investigate the forecasting accuracy of some air pollutants (PM10, SO2, CO, O3, and NO2) in Jakarta, Indonesia. The data are acquired daily for five measurement sites across the city, namely, Bundaran HI, Kelapa Gading, Jagakarsa, Lubang Buaya, and Kebon Jeruk during January-October of 2018. The data are fitted with Auto-Regressive Moving-Average (ARMA) models. The best model is obtained by comparing the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) with the relative error. The best and the most accurate model is the model with the lowest value of AIC or BIC.

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Baumgardner, D., M. Grutter, J. Allan, C. Ochoa, B. Rappenglueck, L. M. Russell, and P. Arnott. "Evolution of anthropogenic pollution at the top of the regional mixed layer in the central Mexico plateau." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2009): 3265–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-3265-2009.

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Abstract. The concentrations of gases and properties of aerosol particles have been measured at the mountain site of Altzomoni approximately equidistant from Mexico City, Puebla and Cuernavaca, at an altitude of 4010 m. At this location there is a diurnal transition from local to regional mixed layer air whose properties depend on prevailing winds and larger scale circulation. Three days during March 2006 have been evaluated during which time the synoptic scale air flow was from the east, southeast and southwest. In general the properties of gases and particles were similar when the regional mixed layer (RML) was below the research site, regardless of the direction of flow. When the RML reached the site, the highest concentrations of CO, O3 and aerosol particles were from the east, decreasing as the flow shifted to the southeast then to the southwest. The maximum concentration of condensation nuclei (CN) was greater than 25×10−3 when winds were from the east. The highest mass concentrations of organic matter (OM), sulfate (SO4−), and Nitrate (NO3+ were 80, 4 and 8 μg m−3, at standard temperature and pressure in air from the east. The mass concentration of OM in the RML was greater than 70% of the total mass, regardless of the air mass origin. This compares to less than the 60% that has been reported for Mexico City. At night, the mass fraction of sulfate went up by a factor of ten from the daytime value when air arrived from the east. The relationship between the CO and OM suggests that the majority of the daytime OM is from biomass burning and at night it is from wood burning. Whereas the maximum CO at Altzomoni, 0.35 ppm, was approximately one tenth of the CO measured at the same time in the center of Mexico City, the maximum O3 of 120 ppb was approximately the same as in the city. The maximum nighttime values of O3 was 60 ppb, indicating the presence of residual pollution. From these results we conclude that even though Mexico City is the second most populated city in the world, with an associated high level of pollution, there are other significant sources of pollution in Mexico that contribute to the mixture of emissions that are dispersed throughout the region. This mixture rapidly erases the signature of a unique Mexico City "plume" and suggests that the environmental impact of this region should be considered as one that stems from a large area source rather than a single megacity.

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