Relevant bibliographies by topics / Air pollution level

Academic literature on the topic 'Air pollution level'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Air pollution level"

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M, Strak, Rodopolou S, Wolf K, Hvidtfeldt U, Stafoggia M, Atkinson R, de Hoogh K, Katsouyanni K, Hoek G, and Brunekreef B. "Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution." Environmental Epidemiology 3 (October 2019): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ee9.0000610272.18231.4e.

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Zhang, Junfeng. "Low-Level Air Pollution Associated With Death." JAMA 318, no. 24 (December 26, 2017): 2431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.18948.

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Kedarisetty, Suraj, Evan Jones, Derrick Tint, and Ahmed M. S. Soliman. "Air Pollution and Angioedema." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 161, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599819846446.

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Objective To identify environmental factors that may precipitate angioedema. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting An urban tertiary care medical center. Subjects and Methods After institutional review board approval was obtained, a chart review of all patients who presented to Temple University Hospital with angioedema from January 2012 to December 2014 was performed. Patient demographics and hospital course were gathered. Environmental data on the dates of presentation, including precipitation, humidity, and air pollution, were obtained from regional Environmental Protection Agency online data banks and used for statistical analysis. Results In total, 408 patients, representing 450 episodes of angioedema, met the inclusion criteria for the study. Most patients were female (58%), African American (74%), and on an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) upon presentation (61%). Days with unhealthy levels of air pollution were associated with an increased likelihood of angioedema presentation (odds ratio [OR], 1.82; confidence interval [CI], 1.01-3.30; P = .046). Subgroup analysis revealed that elevated ground-level ozone was the primary air pollutant significantly associated with angioedema presentations (OR, 4.95; CI 1.92-12.76; P = .0009). Higher ground-level ozone was also associated with ACE-I angioedema presentations ( P = .017) but not with non-ACE-I angioedema presentations ( P = .86). Air quality was not predictive of angioedema severity or need for intubation. Conclusion Angioedema is a complex, multifactorial disease resulting in potentially life-threatening complications. This is the first study to demonstrate that higher levels of air pollution, specifically ground-level ozone, are associated with significantly increased rates of angioedema episodes, although not severity.
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Lazareva, Е. О., I. N. Lipovitskaya, Е. S. Аndreeva, and Y. V. Yefimova. "Forecast of urban air pollution level by expertise." Vestnik of Don State Technical University 17, no. 4 (2017): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/1992-5980-2017-17-4-144-150.

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Pönkä, Antti. "Asthma and Low Level Air Pollution in Helsinki." Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 46, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1991.9934386.

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Stein, Ariel F., and Beatriz M. Toselli. "Street level air pollution in Córdoba City, Argentina." Atmospheric Environment 30, no. 20 (October 1996): 3491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(96)00097-0.

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Gibson, Matthew. "Regulation-Induced Pollution Substitution." Review of Economics and Statistics 101, no. 5 (December 2019): 827–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00797.

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Environmental regulations may cause firms to reoptimize over pollution inputs. By regulating air emissions in particular counties, the Clean Air Act (CAA) gives firms incentives to substitute toward polluting other media, like waterways, and toward pollution from plants in other counties. I test these hypotheses using the EPA Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). Regulated plants increase their ratio of water-to-air emissions by 177% (102 log points) and their level of water emissions by 105% (72 log points). Regulation of an average plant increases air emissions at unregulated plants within the same firm by 11%.
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Hua, Shuoyan. "The Correlation Between Temperature Inversion and Atmosphere Pollution in Beijing." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 25 (December 13, 2022): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v25i.3422.

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This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between temperature inversion and air pollution in Beijing, China in year 2020. The study first analyzed the monthly trend of temperature inversion levels in 2020, finding that it has two peaks in April and October and has the lowest value in August. The writer used line charts and linear regression method to study the correlation between temperature inversion level and the daily AQI level in Beijing in 2020. The study also focused on the relationship between concentration of polluting air particles: PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2 and temperature inversion level, finding that temperature inversion level is positively correlated with the concentration of most polluting particles. The study provided comments for governments and citizens on how to reduce the effect of the air pollution caused by temperature inversion.
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Šmelcerović, Miodrag. "VALORIZATION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH SERBIA FROM THE AIR QUALITY ASPECT." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 1329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28041329m.

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The protection of the environment and people’s health from negative influences of the pollution of air as a medium of the environment requires constant observing of the air quality in accordance with international standards, the analysis of emission and imission of polluting matters in the air, and their connection with the sources of pollution. Having in mind the series of laws and delegated legislations which define the field of air pollution, it is necessary to closely observe these long-term processes, discovering cause-and-effect relationships between the activities of anthropogenic sources of emission of polluting matters and the level of air degradation. The relevant evaluation of the air quality of a certain area can be conducted if the level of concentration of polluting matters characteristic for the pollution sources of this area is observed in a longer period of time. The data obtained by the observation of the air pollution are the basis for creation of the recovery program of a certain area. Vranje is a town in South Serbia where there is a bigger number of anthropogenic pollution sources that can significantly diminish the air quality. The cause-and-effect relationship of the anthropogenic sources of pollution is conducted related to the analysis of systematized data which are in the relevant data base of the authorized institution The Institute of Public Health Vranje, for the time period between the year of 2012. and 2017. By the analysis of data of imission concentrations of typical polluting matters, the dominant polluting matters were determined on the territory of the town of Vranje, the ones that are the causers of the biggest air pollution and the risk for people’s health. Analysis of the concentration of soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides indicates their presence in the air of Vranje town area in concentrations that do not exceed the permitted limit values annually. The greatest pollution is caused by the soot content in the air, especially in the winter period when the highest number of days with the values above the limit was registered. By perceiving the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, it is clear that the concentration of polluting matters can be decreased only by establishing control over anthropogenic sources of pollution, and thus it can be contributed to the improvement of the air quality of this urban environment.
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Šmelcerović, Miodrag. "AIR QUALITY AT THE TERRITORY OF THE CITY OF LESKOVAC." Knowledge International Journal 29, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2901077m.

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The protection of the environment and people’s health from negative influences of the pollution of air as a medium of the environment requires constant observing of the air quality in accordance with international standards, the analysis of emission and imission of polluting matters in the air, and their connection with the sources of pollution. Having in mind the series of laws and delegated legislations which define the field of air pollution, it is necessary to closely observe these long-term processes, discovering cause-and-effect relationships between the activities of anthropogenic sources of emission of polluting matters and the level of air degradation. The relevant evaluation of the air quality of a certain area can be conducted if the level of concentration of polluting matters characteristic for the pollution sources of this area is observed in a longer period of time. The data obtained by the observation of the air pollution are the basis for creation of the recovery program of a certain area. Leskovac is a town in South Serbia where there is a bigger number of anthropogenic pollution sources that can significantly diminish the air quality. The cause-and-effect relationship of the anthropogenic sources of pollution is conducted related to the analysis of systematized data which are in the relevant data base of the authorized institution The Institute of Public Health, for the time period between the year of 2012. and 2017. By the analysis of data of imission concentrations of typical polluting matters, the dominant polluting matters were determined on the territory of the town of Leskovac, the ones that are the causers of the biggest air pollution and the risk for people’s health. Analysis of the concentration of soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides indicates their presence in the air of Leskovac town area in concentrations that do not exceed the permitted limit values annually. The greatest pollution is caused by the soot content in the air, especially in the winter period when the highest number of days with the values above the limit was registered. By perceiving the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, it is clear that the concentration of polluting matters can be decreased only by establishing control over anthropogenic sources of pollution, and thus it can be contributed to the improvement of the air quality of this urban environment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Air pollution level"

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Michalaki, Maria. "Air Pollution in Gothenburg : Children's exposure to NO2 on a neighborhood level." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172742.

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Air pollution is a global problem and concern that affects every nation around the world.One of the chemical elements that is part of bad air quality is Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2).Children are a vulnerable group to air pollution due to their immature health system, thusplanning for safe and healthy neighborhoods is essential for their future development.Sweden is a one of the international leaders of sustainable development, with Gothenburgone of the main cities in the country that has an impressive ecological concern. The purposeof this study is to measure the exposure of children, ages 0 – 15 years old, to NO2 on aneighborhood level in Gothenburg.With the use of the software ArcGIS 10.6.1 and the spreadsheet Microsoft Excel, it waspossible to analyze the neighborhoods where children live and are exposed to bad air qualityas well as identify family neighborhoods that might also be high pollution areas. The resultsshow different conclusions between the age groups of children while the mean levels of airpollution are mostly concentrated in the city center.
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Bhave, Prakash Viththal Seinfeld John H. "Air pollution at the single-particle level : integrating atmospheric measurements with mathematical models /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2003. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05252003-091827.

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Szeto, Gin Nam. "Estimation of exposure level and infection risk of airborne virus in indoor environment /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202007%20SZETO.

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Edussuriya, Priyantha S. "Urban morphology and air quality: a study of street level air pollution in dense residential environments of HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37672241.

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Milionis, Alexandros Epaminondas. "Climatology of temperature inversions over Eastern England; some implications for ground level air pollution." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304848.

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Edussuriya, Priyantha S. "Urban morphology and air quality a study of street level air pollution in dense residential environments of Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37672241.

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Chapman, Peter Stuart. "Exposure to street level particulate pollution in urban Hong Kong and the associated health application of trams as a mobile monitor /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42980021.

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Mainolfi, Maria B. "Low Level Exposure to Air Pollution and Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes in Hillsborough County, Florida." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4140.

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In this retrospective cohort from 2002 through 2007, 104,003 singleton live births in Hillsborough County, Florida were analyzed to elucidate the relationship between feto-infant morbidity outcomes and prenatal exposure to six criteria air pollutants. This study is based on three linked databases: The Florida Hospital Discharge database; The vital statistics records of singleton live births; Air Pollution meteorological data from the Environmental Protection Agency. There are six common air pollutants, particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), particulate matter 10 (PM10), ground-level ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen (NOx), and lead (Pb). These pollutants are harmful to human health and the environment. The primary outcomes of interest were low birth weight (LBW), preterm births, and small for gestational age (SGA). The intent of this project is to address these issues of air pollution effects and the methodology surrounding the study of air pollution. Using modeling, exposure values of the six criteria air pollutants were assigned to mothers over their period of pregnancy. To address these methodological concerns, this study utilizes the structural equation modeling, quartile groupings with dose response, and trimester groupings to evaluate the relationship between air pollution and birth outcomes of pregnant residents. Using structural equation modeling a significant B value of 0.35 indicated that exposure to the six criteria pollutant in pregnancy may have a significant relationship to all five birth outcomes if they are broken down into latent variables. Quartile data demonstrated that NOx seemed to have most significant associations with all outcomes with a dose response for SGA. PM10 and PM2.5 had some association to LBW and VLBW at high levels. PM10 demonstrated significance in the higher doses for SGA. However, the only dose response relationship that was demonstrated for PM10 and PM2.5 was in VLBW. PM10 also demonstrated a dose response with very preterm. If sub-divided into trimester data, PM10 demonstrated a significant relationship between exposures in all trimesters and LBW, VLBW, and SGA. PM2.5 demonstrated a significant relationship between exposures in all trimesters and VLBW. CO demonstrated a significant relationship in the 2nd trimester for LBW as well as for SGA. Mothers and their babies are a vulnerable population who are more susceptible to lower levels of pollution. These air pollutants can possibly have long-term effect on their children. Implantation of laws and regulations, warning system, or more strict EPA standards may be needed to adequately control the cost to our society.
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Radford, Michael. "A Study of Central Florida Nonroad VOC and NOs Emissions and Potential Actions to Reduce Emissions." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2472.

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Ground-level ozone is harmful to the human respiratory system, as well as the environment. The national EPA 8-hour ozone standard for ground-level ozone was reduced from 85 parts per billion (ppb) to 75 ppb in 2008, and trends from previous years show that some of the counties in Central Florida could be in danger of violation. Violation means "non attainment" status; in which the county is ordered by EPA to develop specific implementation plans to reduce its emissions. The objective of this study was to compile an emissions inventory of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from nonroad equipment in Osceola, Seminole, and Orange Counties (OSO) in Central Florida, and to develop possible action steps to reduce those emissions. This is important because VOC and NOx emissions are precursors to ground-level ozone. Thus, compiling emissions inventories is important to identify high VOC and NOx emitters. Mobile and point sources have long been the highest emitters of VOC and NOx and have therefore been targeted and monitored since the Clean Air Act of 1970, but the nonroad sources (such as construction and lawn equipment) have only been regulated since the 1990s. Using the NONROAD and NMIM modeling programs, the highest nonroad emitters of VOC for Central Florida were found to be lawn/garden equipment, and boating equipment, emitting a combined percentage of 77% of the total nonroad mobile source VOC. Construction equipment contributed 67% of the total nonroad mobile source emissions of NOx in Central Florida. The components of these categories were also analyzed to find the largest individual sources of VOC and NOx. Of the individual sources, lawn mowers and outboard boat engines were found to be the largest sources of VOCs. Of the NOx sources, all the construction equipment components had a relatively similar level of NOx emissions. Next, action steps were developed to reduce emissions, focusing on the high emitters, along with an estimated cost and feasibility for each measure. Of these steps, implementing a ban on leafblowers, and reducing use of lawn mowers, edgers, trimmers, etc. seemed to be the most effective for reducing VOCs. Although these are effective measures, the cost and feasibility of both pose challenges. The best action step for reducing NOx emissions in construction equipment seemed to be by simply reducing idling of equipment on job sites. This also poses challenges in feasibility and enforcement by management. Further, constant on/off cycles could result in decreasing the useful life of the older construction equipment. Finally, a survey was conducted with various construction managers and companies to find out the typical equipment and quantity needed for land clearing/grubbing, as well as the typical use, idling time, and total project time for each piece of equipment on a 10-acre site, under various conditions. The purpose of the study was to develop a rough estimate for the average amount of VOC and NOx emissions that will be produced per acre of land clearing activities, and to estimate the emissions reductions and cost savings if idling of the equipment was reduced.
M.S.Env.E.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engr MSEnvE
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Chapman, Peter Stuart. "Exposure to street level particulate pollution in urban Hong Kong and the associated health: application of tramsas a mobile monitor." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42980021.

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Books on the topic "Air pollution level"

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S, Sandhu H. Ground-level ozone in Alberta. Edmonton: The Branch, 1999.

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Chaikowsky, C. L. A. Overview of ground-level ozone observations in Alberta, 1986-1998. Edmonton: Alberta Environment, 2001.

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Guo, Charles C. How relative prices affect fuel use patterns in manufacturing: Plant-level evidence from Chile. Washington, D.C: The World Bank, Policy Research Dept., Public Economics Division, 1994.

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Milionis, Alexandros Epaminondas. Climatology of temperature inversions over Eastern England: Some implications for ground-level air pollution. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1991.

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Panel, Michigan Environmental Science Board Hydrogen Sulfide Investigation. Health effects of low-level hydrogen sulfide in ambient air (a science report to Governor John Engler). Lansing, Mich: The Board, 2000.

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Michaelowa, Axel. Critical issues in current climate policy: "hot air", multi-level emission trading registries and changes in emission commitments due to international conflicts. Hamburg: HWWA-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung-Hamburg, 1999.

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Federal-Provincial Working Group on Air Quality Objectives and Guidelines. A protocol for the development of national ambient air quality objectives: Part 1 : science assessment document and derivation of the reference level(s). Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada, 1996.

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Parliament, Great Britain. Protocol to the 1979 Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution to abate acidification, eutrophication and ground-level ozone. London: Stationery Office, 2002.

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Murray, Louis C. Hydrogeologic, water-level, and water-quality data from monitoring wells at the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina. Raleigh, N.C: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

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Murray, Louis C. Hydrogeologic, water-level, and water-quality data from monitoring wells at the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina. Raleigh, N.C: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Air pollution level"

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Tonsor, Stephen J., and Susan Kalisz. "Population-Level Techniques for Measuring Microevolutionary Change in Response to Air Pollution." In Ecological Genetics and Air Pollution, 289–311. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3060-1_17.

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Scholz, Florian. "Population-Level Processes and Their Relevance to the Evolution in Plants Under Gaseous Air Pollutants." In Ecological Genetics and Air Pollution, 167–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3060-1_9.

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Didon-Lescot, J. F., R. Dejean, P. Durand, and F. Lelong. "Les Bassins Versants du Mont Lozere : Un Observatoire du Bruit de Fond de la Pollution Atmospherique/The Mont Lozere Catchments : An Observatory of the Atmospheric Pollution Background Level." In Air Pollution and Ecosystems, 499–507. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4003-1_50.

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Cox, William M., and Joseph A. Tikvart. "Assessing the Performance Level of Air Quality Models." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application V, 425–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9125-9_28.

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Gryning, Sven-Erik, Ekaterina Batchvarova, Mathias W. Rotach, Andreas Christen, and Roland Vogt. "Roof Level Urban Tracer Experiment: Measurements and Modelling." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XVI, 471–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8867-6_43.

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Sadiq, Muhammad, and John C. McCain. "Air pollution from the Kuwait oil fires: ground level." In The Gulf War Aftermath, 109–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1685-5_4.

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Venkatram, Akula, Sam Pournazeri, Marko Princevac, David Pankratz, and Qiguo Jing. "Dispersion of Buoyant Emissions from Low Level Sources in Urban Areas." In Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXI, 33–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1359-8_6.

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Ramsay, Stephen R., and Keith W. Ayotte. "One-Level and Two-Dimensional Mesoscale Models for Emergency Management Applications." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application IX, 333–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3052-7_33.

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Solazzo, Efisio, Stefano Galmarini, Roberto Bianconi, and S. Trivikrama Rao. "Ensemble Modelling of Surface-Level Ozone in Europe and North America for AQMEII." In Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXII, 351–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5577-2_59.

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Ulke, Ana G., and Nicolás A. Mazzeo. "A Dispersion Model for Ground-Level and Elevated Releases from Continuous Point Sources." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XII, 729–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9128-0_87.

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Conference papers on the topic "Air pollution level"

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TROZZI, CARLO, ENZO PISCITELLO, and RITA VACCARO. "AIR POLLUTANTS, EMISSIONS AND CARBON FOOTPRINT AT CITY LEVEL: THE CLAIRCITY PROJECT." In AIR POLLUTION 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air180251.

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Tirabassi, T., M. T. Vilhena, and D. Buske. "A simple operative formula for ground level concentration from a point source." In AIR POLLUTION 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air120031.

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EUPHRASIE-CLOTILDE, LOVELY, JACK MOLINIÉ, TONY FEUILLARD, and FRANCENOR BRUTE. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COASTAL WEST AFRICAN DUST LEVEL AND CARIBBEAN ISLAND DUST." In AIR POLLUTION 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air170121.

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André, M., S. Hausberger, and H. Steven. "Approach and driving data for assessing the pollutant emissions at a street level." In AIR POLLUTION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air06067.

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Smit, R. "Errors in model predictions of NOxtraffic emissions at road level – impacts of input data quality." In AIR POLLUTION 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air080271.

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BASU, BIDROHA, FRANCESO PILLA, and AONGHUS MCNABOLA. "ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ROOF-LEVEL BUILDING FEATURES ON AIR POLLUTION INSIDE URBAN STREET CANYONS." In AIR POLLUTION 2020. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air200021.

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Subrahmanyam, B. Ravi, Avanish Gautam Singh, and Prabhakar Tiwari. "Air Purification System for Street Level Air Pollution and Roadside Air Pollution." In 2018 International Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies (GUCON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gucon.2018.8674934.

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Rainho, C. R., S. M. Corrêa, J. L. Mazzei, C. A. F. Aiub, and I. Felzenszwalb. "Seasonal variations in the level of mutagenicity: an assessment of respirable particulate matter in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." In AIR POLLUTION 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air140081.

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Munir, S., H. Chen, and K. Ropkins. "Non-parametric nature of ground-level ozone and its dependence on nitrogen oxides (NOx): a view point of vehicular emissions." In AIR POLLUTION 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air110091.

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Liu, X., Y. Hwang, K. Yeo, J. Hosking, A. Barut, J. Singh, and Y. Amemiya. "A statistical model for 1-hour- to 24-hour-ahead prediction of hourly ozone concentrations at ground level in Singapore." In AIR POLLUTION 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air140321.

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Reports on the topic "Air pollution level"

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Marks, Guy B. There's no safe level of air pollution. Edited by Sarah Bailey. Monash University, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/7c33-0f15.

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Hoffmann, Bridget, and Juan Pablo Rud. Exposure and Income: Preliminary Findings on Labor Supply on High Pollution Days. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003760.

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We study labor supply decisions on days with high levels of air pollution in Mexico City's metropolitan area using hourly levels of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) air pollution at the locality level. We document a negative, non-linear relationship between PM 2.5 levels and daily labor supply, with strong effects on days with extremely high pollution levels. On these days, the average worker experiences a reduction of around 7.5% of working hours. Workers partially compensate for lost hours by increasing their labor supply on days that follow high pollution days. We provide evidence that income constraints may play an important role in workers labor supply decisions, as we find more moderate responses among informal and low-income workers.
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Hoffmann, Bridget, and Juan Pablo Rud. Open configuration options Exposure or Income? The Unequal Effects of Pollution on Daily Labor Supply. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004003.

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We use high-frequency data on fine particulate matter air pollution (PM 2.5) at the locality level to study the effects of high pollution on labor supply decisions and hospitalizations for respiratory disease in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. We document a negative, non-linear relationship between PM 2.5 and same-day labor supply, with strong effects on days with extremely high pollution levels. On these days, the average worker experiences a reduction of around 7.5% of working hours. Workers partially compensate for lost hours by increasing their labor supply on days that follow high-pollution days. Informal workers reduce their labor supply less than formal workers on high-pollution days and also compensate less on the following days. This suggests that informal workers may experience greater exposure to high pollution and greater reductions in labor supply and income. We provide evidence that reductions in labor supply due to high pollution are consistent with avoidance behavior and that income constraints may play an important role in workers' labor supply decisions.
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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn, and Steve Chung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Roadside Transportation-Related Air Quality (StarTraq 2021): A Characterization of Bike Trails and Highways in the Fresno/Clovis Area. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2128.

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The San Joaquin Valley is identified as an area with a high level of particulate matter (PM) in the air, reaching above the federal and state clean air standards (EPA 2019). Many of the cities in the valley are classified as the most polluted cities in the United States for both particulate matter and ozone pollution (American Lung Association, 2021). To resolve this issue, alternative forms of transportation have been considered in transportation planning. In this study, active transportation mode air quality was monitored on selected Woodward Park and Old Clovis trails and urban bike lanes. Real-time aerosol monitors, and low-cost sensors were carried in a backpack on bicycles during the sampling. Researchers collected GPS data via a portable GPS technology called Tracksticks. Driving transportation mode air quality data was acquired from the roadways within the Fresno/Clovis area, spanning six sampling routes, and during intercity trips between Fresno, Berkeley, and Los Angeles, for a total of five sampling routes. ‘On-Road' (outside vehicle) monitors were installed on the roof of a vehicle while ‘In-Vehicle’ monitors were installed inside the vehicle for comparison with the particulate pollution levels in the two contrasting microenvironments. The results showed the following three main outcomes: (1) clear relationships exist among PMs of different sizes; (2) there were greater variations in air quality of bike trails and On-Road samples than backyard and In-Vehicle samples; (3) we observed significant differences in air quality inside and outside the vehicle while driving local and intercity roadways; and (4) the road trip to the Bay area revealed that San Joaquin Valley has increased ambient PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) levels compared to those in the Bay Area on every trip, regardless of the daily change of the air quality.
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Avis, Rupert. Causes and Consequences of Air Pollution in North Macedonia. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.139.

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This rapid literature review collates available evidence on the causes and consequences of air pollution in the Republic of North Macedonia (here after North Macedonia). It draws on a diverse range of sources from multiple academic disciplines and grey literature. The literature highlights that North Macedonia is considered to have some of the worst air quality in the West Balkans, and consequently some of the worst globally. Air pollution is a significant problem in North Macedonian cities and urban centres with exposure to high levels of particulate matter (PM) a particular issue. The PM2.5 size fraction is the focus of many air pollution studies because it is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes, it is also the focus of this review. This review identifies a limited but expanding evidence base discussing air pollution in North Macedonia. Studies are principally focussed on the capital city (Skopje) and ambient (outdoor) air pollution. There is a limited literature that discusses air quality issues outside of the capital and a dearth of evidence on household (indoor) air pollution.
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Sheldon, Tamara, Rubal Dua, and Omar Al Harbi. Are Electric Vehicle Subsidies Becoming More Impactful Over Time? King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center (KAPSARC), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp04.

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Various subsidies for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have been implemented worldwide at the federal, state and regional levels. These subsidies aim to promote PEV adoption to help reduce both local air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (Hardman 2019). In the United States (U.S.), the federal government began subsidizing PEVs in 2010.
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Akasha, Heba, Omid Ghaffarpasand, and Francis Pope. Climate Change and Air Pollution. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.071.

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This rapid literature review explores the interactions between climate change and air pollution, with a focus on human health impacts. In particular, the report explores potential synergies in tackling climate change and air pollution together. The impacts and implications of the transition from a carbon-intensive economy upon air quality and consequently human health are examined. Discussing climate change without air pollution can lead to risks. For example, strategies that focus on electrification and transition to renewable energy achieve maximum health and air quality benefits compared to strategies that focus mainly on combustible renewable fuels (biofuel and biomass) with some electrification. Addressing climate change necessitates a shift towards a new low carbon era. This involves stringent and innovative changes in behaviour, technology, and policy. There are distinct benefits of considering climate change and air pollution together. Many of the processes that cause climate change also cause air pollution, and hence reductions in these processes will generate cleaner air and less global warming. Politically, the consideration of the two issues in tandem can be beneficial because of the time-inconsistency problems of climate change. Air pollution improvements can offer politicians victories, on a useful timescale, to help in their aims of reversing climate change. By coupling air pollution and air pollution agendas together, it will increase the media and political attention both environmental causes receive. Policies should involve the integration of climate change, air quality, and health benefits to create win-win situations. The success of the strategies requires financial and technical capacity building, commitment, transparency, and multidisciplinary collaboration, including governance stakeholders at multiple levels, in both a top-down and bottom-up manner.
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Coulson, Saskia, Melanie Woods, Drew Hemment, and Michelle Scott. Report and Assessment of Impact and Policy Outcomes Using Community Level Indicators: H2020 Making Sense Report. University of Dundee, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001192.

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Making Sense is a European Commission H2020 funded project which aims at supporting participatory sensing initiatives that address environmental challenges in areas such as noise and air pollution. The development of Making Sense was informed by previous research on a crowdfunded open source platform for environmental sensing, SmartCitizen.me, developed at the Fab Lab Barcelona. Insights from this research identified several deterrents for a wider uptake of participatory sensing initiatives due to social and technical matters. For example, the participants struggled with the lack of social interactions, a lack of consensus and shared purpose amongst the group, and a limited understanding of the relevance the data had in their daily lives (Balestrini et al., 2014; Balestrini et al., 2015). As such, Making Sense seeks to explore if open source hardware, open source software and and open design can be used to enhance data literacy and maker practices in participatory sensing. Further to this, Making Sense tests methodologies aimed at empowering individuals and communities through developing a greater understanding of their environments and by supporting a culture of grassroot initiatives for action and change. To do this, Making Sense identified a need to underpin sensing with community building activities and develop strategies to inform and enable those participating in data collection with appropriate tools and skills. As Fetterman, Kaftarian and Wanderman (1996) state, citizens are empowered when they understand evaluation and connect it in a way that it has relevance to their lives. Therefore, this report examines the role that these activities have in participatory sensing. Specifically, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using the concept of Community Level Indicators (CLIs), which are measurable and objective sources of information gathered to complement sensor data. We describe how CLIs are used to develop a more indepth understanding of the environmental problem at hand, and to record, monitor and evaluate the progress of change during initiatives. We propose that CLIs provide one way to move participatory sensing beyond a primarily technological practice and towards a social and environmental practice. This is achieved through an increased focus in the participants’ interests and concerns, and with an emphasis on collective problem solving and action. We position our claims against the following four challenge areas in participatory sensing: 1) generating and communicating information and understanding (c.f. Loreto, 2017), 2) analysing and finding relevance in data (c.f. Becker et al., 2013), 3) building community around participatory sensing (c.f. Fraser et al., 2005), and 4) achieving or monitoring change and impact (c.f. Cheadle et al., 2000). We discuss how the use of CLIs can tend to these challenges. Furthermore, we report and assess six ways in which CLIs can address these challenges and thereby support participatory sensing initiatives: i. Accountability ii. Community assessment iii. Short-term evaluation iv. Long-term evaluation v. Policy change vi. Capability The report then returns to the challenge areas and reflects on the learnings and recommendations that are gleaned from three Making Sense case studies. Afterwhich, there is an exposition of approaches and tools developed by Making Sense for the purposes of advancing participatory sensing in this way. Lastly, the authors speak to some of the policy outcomes that have been realised as a result of this research.
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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn, and Steve Chung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Roadside Transportation Related Air Quality (STARTRAQ) and Neighborhood Characterization. Mineta Transportation Institute, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2010.

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To promote active transportation modes (such as bike ride and walking), and to create safer communities for easier access to transit, it is essential to provide consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public. The relevant and timely information from data facilitates the improvement of decision-making processes for the establishment of public policy and urban planning for sustainable growth, and for promoting public health in the region. For the characterization of the spatial variation of transportation-emitted air pollution in the Fresno/Clovis neighborhood in California, various species of particulate matters emitted from traffic sources were measured using real-time monitors and GPS loggers at over 100 neighborhood walking routes within 58 census tracts from the previous research, Children’s Health to Air Pollution Study - San Joaquin Valley (CHAPS-SJV). Roadside air pollution data show that PM2.5, black carbon, and PAHs were significantly elevated in the neighborhood walking air samples compared to indoor air or the ambient monitoring station in the Central Fresno area due to the immediate source proximity. The simultaneous parallel measurements in two neighborhoods which are distinctively different areas (High diesel High poverty vs. Low diesel Low poverty) showed that the higher pollution levels were observed when more frequent vehicular activities were occurring around the neighborhoods. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations near the roadways were evident with a high volume of traffic and in regions with more unpaved areas. Neighborhood walking air samples were influenced by immediate roadway traffic conditions, such as encounters with diesel trucks, approaching in close proximity to freeways and/or busy roadways, passing cigarette smokers, and gardening activity. The elevated black carbon concentrations occur near the highway corridors and regions with high diesel traffic and high industry. This project provides consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public including: 1. Transportation-related particle pollution data 2. Spatial analyses of geocoded vehicle emissions 3. Neighborhood characterization for the built environment such as cities, buildings, roads, parks, walkways, etc.
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Bedoya-Maya, Felipe, Agustina Calatayud, and Vileydy Gonzalez-Mejia. Estimating the effect of urban road congestion on air quality in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004512.

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Road congestion and air pollution are key challenges for quality of life in urban settings. This research leverages highly disaggregated crowdsourced data from Latin America to study the effect of road congestion on levels of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter in four of the most congested cities in developing countries: Bogota, Buenos Aires, Mexico City, and Santiago. Based on a panel data econometric approach with over 4.4 billion records from Waze and hourly data from 54 air monitoring stations for 2019, our two-stage least square model shows a cumulative increase of 0.6% in response to a 1% of road congestion on the three air pollutants. Moreover, we find a nonlinear relationship between road congestion and air quality and estimate the threshold above which the effect decays. This study provides evidence that supports public policies designed to make urban mobility more sustainable by implementing measures to reduce road congestion in developing contexts.
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