Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Air – Pollution – European Union countries'
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Pechberty, Sébastien. "Abuse of a dominant position under Article 82 of the E.C.Treaty, in the air transport sector." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78224.
Full textThe object of the present thesis is to assess how the provisions of Article 82 of the E.C. Treaty have applied to the air transport sector prior and subsequent to deregulation, and how they remain indispensable, in the wake of emerging new factors that tend to keep the market of scheduled air services oligopolistic.
Fan, Yin. "Experiences of European Union Countries in Water Pollution Control System and Their Inspirations to China." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32806.
Full textwww.ima.kth.se
Branin, John A. "The advent of the NATO response force and its potential effect on the United States Air Force." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sept%5FBranin.pdf.
Full textMedková, Kateřina. "Ekologické problémy v Evropě v souvislosti s ekologickou politikou EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-18266.
Full textPolard, Audrey. "Un contrôle efficient des émissions d'azote et de phosphore dans le bassin de l'Escaut: analyse critique de la Directive Cadre sur l'Eau (DCE) et de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209638.
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Although reducing the load of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems is usually looked at through "effects-based" approaches, this is not the context which this paper has chosen to follow. In fact, keeping in line with sustainable development, it seems more relevant to define measures to control pollution which act on cause and effect relations. According to this way of thinking, the methodology proposed by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) to protect aquatic ecosystems presents a number of weaknesses. By the fact that it refers to certain standard economic principles for the environment, the WFD’s economic analysis poses several problems towards acting on the cause of the pollution. Nevertheless, the methodology proposed by the WFD is relevant, as it recommends the combined use of technical measures and of instruments to reduce environmental damage. In accordance with this disposition, an assessment has been made of the effect of technical measures and instruments on the agricultural sector and on the food chain encompassing it, since the food chain is responsible for the majority of diffuse and point emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface waters. The definition of technical measures in terms of efficient use of nutrients (Nutrient Use Efficiency, NUE) in agricultural production has been complemented by a study of economic instruments used in the Common Agricultural Politicy (CAP) to develop a multifunctional type of agriculture. Although the paper deals with the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems in a general way, it concentrates particularly on the increasing pressures in the Scheldt basin and on their impacts as far as the North Sea coastal zone. Technical measures acting on the causes of diffuse emissions in the agricultural sector and on point emissions in the water treatment plants have been proposed for this basin. These technical measures have been categorised in order of priority according to their environmental effectiveness (thanks to the Sénèque-Riverstrahler et MIRO models) and depending on their direct costs.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
ARP, Henning A. "Multiple actors and arenas : European Community regulation in a polycentric system : a case study on car emission policy." Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5208.
Full textExamining board: Adrienne Héritier (EUI) ; Prof. Gerhard Lembruch (Universität Konstanz) ; Prof. Giandomenico Majone (EUI - supervisor) ; Prof. Roger Morgan (EUI - co-supervisor) ; Prof. Jeremy Richardson (University of Essex)
First made available online: 13 September 2016
DEL, DUCA Patrick L. "Legitimating bureaucratic decisionmaking : a comparative investigation of air pollution control policies." Doctoral thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4609.
Full textHÄGGLÖF, Mikael. "Emissions trading and competition law : refusal to supply marketable pollution permits." Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5544.
Full textPatrício, Margarida da Silva. "Determinants of CO2 emissions in European Union countries." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/10868.
Full textO crescimento económico é uma das principais causas da poluição. As alterações climáticas causadas pelo aumento das emissões têm efeitos prejudiciais e irreversíveis nas economias como um todo. Atualmente, as alterações climáticas representam um desafio para os formuladores de políticas. Esta pesquisa pretende contribuir para o debate atual sobre os fatores que contribuem para a redução das emissões, fornecendo evidências empíricas do papel da regulação ambiental nesse processo. Em detalhe, esta pesquisa visa preencher uma lacuna na literatura, dando especial atenção aos efeitos da regulação baseada no mercado, políticas regulatórias de incentivo à implementação de energias renováveis e investimento direto estrangeiro nas emissões de dióxido de carbono. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram utilizados dados anuais de 1995 a 2017 para 17 países da União Europeia (UE). Para controlar alguma possível endogeneidade e estudar os efeitos de curto e longo prazo individualmente, o modelo Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) foi usado com o estimador Driscoll-Kraay. As principais conclusões mostram que a regulação ambiental é eficaz no decréscimo as emissões de CO2 a longo prazo. Além disso, as políticas de apoio às fontes de energia renováveis afetam negativamente as emissões de CO2 no curto e no longo prazo. A eficácia dessas políticas é demonstrada ainda mais, uma vez que o investimento direto estrangeiro reduz as emissões de dióxido de carbono, sugerindo que a UE está a conseguir atrair investimento inovador e de alta qualidade. A hipótese pollution halo foi validada para os países da UE.
HUIJG, Jan-Rutger C. "Regionalism and globalization in international regimes of air transport regulation : a European Union perspective." Doctoral thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5532.
Full textROOSENDAAL, Cecile. "The application of the EEC competition rules (articles 85-86) to the air transport sector : the consequences and legal obligations for the member states." Doctoral thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5611.
Full textORLANDO, Emanuela. "Liability for environmental harm : towards the mutual supportiveness of international law and European Union law." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14526.
Full textExamining Board: Prof. Francesco Francioni, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; Prof. Bruno De Witte, European University Institute; Prof. Ludwig Kramer, University of Bremen ; Prof. Massimiliano Montini, University of Siena
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The present study examines how the question of reparation for environmental damage that occurred during the operation of economic and industrial activities has been dealt with in international law and within the European Union legal system. In particular, the thesis endeavours to provide a comparative analysis of the Directive 35/2004/EC on Environmental Liability with regard to the Prevention and Remedying of Environmental Damage with relevant developments on the international level, and tries to define a conceptual framework with which to examine the relationship between the two legal systems. The need to find concrete and effective responses to the problem of environmental degradation has prompted the recourse to a plethora of legal instruments and determined the emergence of different approaches to the question of environmental liability. More specifically, the integration of environmental concerns into liability systems has determined a revision of the ultimate goals traditionally assigned to liability and an adjustment of its classic structures to new realities. Therefore, the overall legal framework on environmental liability in Europe and on the international level is gradually evolving towards the coexistence of traditional schemes of civil liability with new regulatory models for prevention and reparation of environmental damage. The starting point for the analysis is the recognition that appropriate and effective responses to the problem of environmental harm require a coherent and coordinated application of different legal tools, private and public, international and European. By looking at the interface between international law and EU law in the field of environmental liability, this study identifies different conceptual and regulatory approaches to the question of prevention and reparation for environmental damage. It explores potential synergies and interactions among them with a view to achieving the ultimate goal of providing effective responses to the problem of environmental harm.
CHRONAS, Athanassios D. "Legal constraints in the liberalisation of the European air transport sector : with special reference to the external aviation relations of the Community and the extraterritorial application of EEC competition law to foreign-based airlines." Doctoral thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5495.
Full textARNOLD, Steven Bradley. "Towards resolving the computerised reservation system (CRS) regulation controversy : new insights on improving the EU response based on a comparative legal analysis of US and EU display bias provisions concerning competition and consumer protection in the air transportation market." Doctoral thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5477.
Full textSupervisors: Prof. Amato ; Prof. Ehlermann ; Prof. Sciarra
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Carminé, Carolina Ângelo. "The Relationship between the Economy and Air Transport in the European Union Countries and Southwest Regions." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93516.
Full textAs análises disponíveis sobre a relação entre o nível de atividade económica e o número de passageiros aéreos apontam claramente no sentido deste número crescer em resposta a aumentos do Produto Interno Bruto, enquanto que no caso da carga acontece o contrário, ou seja, o aumento do volume (e valor) da carga antecipa aumentos do PIB. As conclusões anteriores são válidas quando se considera a economia mundial como um todo ou as economias continentais, mas não é claro que o mesmo aconteça quando se consideram economias nacionais ou regionais. Assim, a presente dissertação tem por objeto o estudo da relação entre economia e transporte aéreo, de passageiros e de carga, nos países da União Europeia, com especial ênfase em Portugal, e nas regiões NUTS 2 do Sudoeste Europeu (Espanha, França e Itália, para além de Portugal). Um aspeto que torna este tema especialmente interessante decorre do facto da evolução do número de passageiros aéreos ou do volume de carga aérea de um país ou região ter em princípio a ver, não apenas com a economia do país e da região, mas também com a economia dos países e regiões vizinhos – sobretudo a daqueles com que o comércio (de bens e serviços) é mais intenso. Em particular, pretende-se analisar se as relações são semelhantes para todos os países e regiões ou se existem padrões em função das respetivas características. Para realizar este estudo, recorrer-se-á a técnicas de análise de correlação e regressão e a técnicas de análise de clusters, e aos dados disponíveis na base de dados do Eurostat. Os resultados mostraram que a relação entre a economia e transporte aéreo existe embora seu o nível de significância varie entre países e regiões sem um padrão geográfico.
The analysis available about the relationship between economic activity and the number of air passengers clearly indicates that this number will grow in response to the increases on GDP, whereas in the case of cargo, happens the opposite, which means that the increase in volume (and value) of cargo anticipates the increases on GDP. The conclusions above are valid when one considers the world economy as a whole or the continental economies, but it is not clear that the same is true when considering national or regional economies. The purpose of this dissertation is to study the relationship between economy and air transport, passenger and cargo, in the European Union countries, with particular emphasis on Portugal, and in the NUTS 2 Europe Southwest regions (Spain, France and Italy, in addition to Portugal). One aspect that makes this topic especially interesting is that the evolution of the number of air passengers or the volume of air cargo in a country or region is supposed to be noticed, not only by the economy of the country and the region, but also by the economies of neighboring countries and regions - especially those with which the trade (of goods and services) is most intense. In particular, it is proposed to analyze whether the relationships are similar for all countries and regions or whether there are patterns depending on their characteristics. In order to carry out this study, we will use correlation and regression analysis techniques and clusters analysis techniques, and the data available in the Eurostat database. The results showed that the relationship between the economy and GDP exists, although the level of significance variates in each country and region without a geographic pattern.
YOUNG, Lorna. "Building blocs? or 'cathedrals' in the air... : a legal analysis of title VII TEU, including historical overview, with a view to 'operationalising' the provisions." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5617.
Full textWang, Tian Pin, and 王瑱嬪. "The research of Interaction of Environmental Policy between European Union and Germany: the Analysis of ‘Air Pollution Policy’." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92515673864934116622.
Full text東海大學
政治學系
97
In recent years, the environmental policy was extremely in vogue, in which avoided global warming related policy also like mushroom growth appearance. Regarding to the global warming, most direct influence except massive agricultural production, but also the air pollution cause by many industrial countries. The massive industry waste gas and the deleterious substance exhaust in atmosphere, cause ozone layer crack and greenhouse effect, deleterious substance scattering over and deposits can damage human health and the soil. I try to focus on the ‘air pollution policy’ of German and the European Union, to analysis the adjustment of the environmental policy of EU after receiving the “Germanization” , and the transition of well-contracted environment policy of German after effect by “Europeanization”, using “Europeanization” which developed during EU integration and “Germanization” which German reveal. In short, this paper discusses the process of environmental policy of German and European Union interacted, coordinated and final results with each other.