Relevant bibliographies by topics / Air pollution burden

Academic literature on the topic 'Air pollution burden'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Air pollution burden"

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Tong, Shilu. "Air pollution and disease burden." Lancet Planetary Health 3, no. 2 (February 2019): e49-e50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2542-5196(18)30288-2.

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Dhimal, Meghnath, Francesco Chirico, Bihungum Bista, Sitasma Sharma, Binaya Chalise, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Paolo Trucillo, and Daniele Sofia. "Impact of Air Pollution on Global Burden of Disease in 2019." Processes 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9101719.

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Air pollution consisting of ambient air pollution and household air pollution (HAP) threatens health globally. Air pollution aggravates the health of vulnerable people such as infants, children, women, and the elderly as well as people with chronic diseases such as cardiorespiratory illnesses, little social support, and poor access to medical services. This study is aimed to estimate the impact of air pollution on global burden of disease (GBD). We extracted data about mortality and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to air pollution from 1990 to 2019. The extracted data were then organized and edited into a usable format using STATA version 15. Furthermore, we also estimated the impacts for three categories based on their socio-demographic index (SDI) as calculated by GBD study. The impacts of air pollution on overall burden of disease by SDI, gender, type of pollution, and type of disease is estimated and their trends over the period of 1990 to 2019 are presented. The attributable burden of ambient air pollution is increasing over the years while attributable burden of HAP is declining over the years, globally. The findings of this study will be useful for evidence-based planning for prevention and control of air pollution and reduction of burden of disease from air pollution at global, regional, and national levels.
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Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J., D. Diaz-Jimenez, L. Hilarión-Gaitán, S. Valencia, J. Gutierrez-Clavijo, and C. Castañeda-Orjuela. "PMU35 ECONOMIC BURDEN OF AIR POLLUTION IN COLOMBIA." Value in Health 22 (May 2019): S255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2019.04.1198.

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Franchini, Massimo, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, Sergio Harari, Federico Pontoni, and Edoardo Croci. "The Health and Economic Burden of Air Pollution." American Journal of Medicine 128, no. 9 (September 2015): 931–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.03.021.

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Gwynn, R. Charon, and George D. Thurston. "The Burden of Air Pollution: Impacts among Racial Minorities." Environmental Health Perspectives 109 (August 2001): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3454660.

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Brauer, Michael, and x. x. "Global perspectives in outdoor air pollution: Burden and prospects." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, no. 1 (September 19, 2013): 5712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.s-3-19-02.

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K, Causey. "Assessing the Global Burden of Disease from Air Pollution." Environmental Epidemiology 3 (October 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ee9.0000606248.28000.89.

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Gwynn, R. C., and G. D. Thurston. "The burden of air pollution: impacts among racial minorities." Environmental Health Perspectives 109, suppl 4 (August 2001): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.01109s4501.

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Siddiqui, Shafayet Ahmed, Md Jakaria, Mohammad Nurul Amin, Abdullah Al Mahmud, and David Gozal. "Chronic air pollution and health burden in Dhaka city." European Respiratory Journal 56, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 2000689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00689-2020.

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Dhimal, M., and R. Shrestha. "Global Burden of Disease, Air Pollution and COVID-19." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 18, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v18i3.49193.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Air pollution burden"

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Matus, Kira J. (Kira Jen). "Health impacts from urban air pollution in China : the burden to the economy and the benefits of policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32282.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-92).
In China, elevated levels of urban air pollution result in significant adverse health impacts for its large and rapidly growing urban population. An expanded version of the Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA), EPPA Health Effects China (EPPA-HEC), was used to evaluate air pollution-related health impacts on the Chinese economy. EPPA-HEC, a computable general equilibrium model, was expanded to endogenously estimate the economy- wide impacts of air pollution. The effects of particulate matter (PM 10), sulfur dioxide (S02) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were evaluated for 1970 to 2000, based on a set of epidemiological estimates of the effects of exposure to these pollutants. The estimated GDP impact to the Chinese economy of pollution levels above the WHO's recommended thresholds (ambient levels) increased from $15 ($23) billion in 1970 to $50 ($79) billion in 2000 (1997 $USD), despite improvements in overall air quality. This increase was caused by the growing urban population and rising wages that thus increased the value of lost labor and leisure. The benefit Damages as a percent of GDP decreased from a peak of 16% (10%) in 1975 to 7% (4%) in 2000 because the total size of the economy grew much more rapidly than the absolute air pollution damages. Forward simulations considered a cap on pollution, a greenhouse gas policy, and the two policies combined. The ancillary benefits from air pollution control resulting from the climate policy resulted in an increase in China's GDP of $2.4 billion in 2010. A scenario that caps air pollutant emissions at 2005 levels results in a $3.9 billion benefit to China's GDP in 2010, and the implementation of both policies results in a $5.8 billion benefit to China's GDP in 2010.
(cont.) The simulations extended to 2025, and the beneficial effects of these policies increased over the period to $17.1 billion, $37.4 billion and $43.8 billion respectively. Taking both the future and the historical analyses together, it is clear that the size of the urban population, as well as the increasing value of time due to rising wages are two of the major drivers of the increasing absolute costs of pollution-related health impacts to the Chinese economy. Thus, urbanization and rising incomes and wage rates over time imply a rising marginal benefit to pollution control.
by Kira J. Matus.
S.M.
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Li, Ying, Daven K. Henze, Darby Jack, Barron H. Henderson, and Patrick L. Kinney. "Assessing Public Health Burden Associated with Exposure to Ambient Black Carbon in the United States." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7.

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Black carbon (BC) is a significant component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution, which has been linked to a series of adverse health effects, in particular premature mortality. Recent scientific research indicates that BC also plays an important role in climate change. Therefore, controlling black carbon emissions provides an opportunity for a double dividend. This study quantifies the national burden of mortality and morbidity attributable to exposure to ambient BC in the United States (US). We use GEOS–Chem, a global 3-D model of atmospheric composition to estimate the 2010 annual average BC levels at 0.5 x 0.667° resolution, and then re-grid to 12-km grid resolution across the continental US. Using PM2.5 mortality risk coefficient drawn from the American Cancer Society cohort study, the numbers of deaths due to BC exposure were estimated for each 12-km grid, and then aggregated to the county, state and national level. Given evidence that BC particles may pose a greater risk on human health than other components of PM2.5, we also conducted sensitivity analysis using BC-specific risk coefficients drawn from recent literature. We estimated approximately 14,000 deaths to result from the 2010 BC levels, and hundreds of thousands of illness cases, ranging from hospitalizations and emergency department visits to minor respiratory symptoms. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the total BC-related mortality could be even significantly larger than the above mortality estimate. Our findings indicate that controlling BC emissions would have substantial benefits for public health in the US.
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Honold, Jasmin. "Umweltstress und Erholung in Wohngebieten." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16833.

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Stadtbewohner sind häufig mit multiplen Umweltbelastungen konfrontiert, die Stress erzeugen und zu einem Gesundheitsrisiko werden können. Dennoch ist wenig über das Zusammenwirken multipler Umweltstressoren und über das gesundheitliche Potential natürlicher Ressourcen bekannt. Diese Arbeit untersucht daher das Zusammenwirken multipler Stressoren und das Potential natürlicher Ressourcen hinsichtlich der psychischen Gesundheit. Auf Basis eines theoretischen Rahmenmodells erfolgten drei Studien in Berlin. Mittels Online-Studie wurden die für die Berliner Bevölkerung subjektiv kritischsten Umweltfaktoren identifiziert. Daran schloss sich eine Raumanalyse von Umweltdaten an, um Straßenblocks mit hohem versus geringen multiplen Belastungsgrad als Untersuchungsstandorte auszuwählen. In diesen Wohnblocks erfolgte eine Fragebogen-Studie. An einer Teilstichprobe wurden ergänzend qualitative Daten und Haar-Cortisol als objektiver Indikator für chronischen Stress gewonnen. Es zeigte sich, dass multiple Stressoren oder Ressourcen räumlich und zeitlich kovariieren. Die Bewohner hoch belasteter Blocks verhalten sich gesundheitsschädlicher als die Bewohner gering belasteter Blocks, unterscheiden sich jedoch nicht in ihrer Gesundheit. Allerdings besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen der wahrgenommenen Luftverschmutzung und der subjektiven Gesundheit. Zudem weisen Personen, die sich durch Luftverschmutzung beeinträchtigter, belästigter oder gefährdeter fühlen, höhere Cortisol-Niveaus auf. Dieser Zusammenhang besteht nur bei objektiv hoher, nicht aber bei geringer Luftbelastung, was chronischen Umweltstress mit gesundheitlichen Folgen nahelegt. Schließlich sind der Blick auf eine hohe Quantität unterschiedlicher Vegetationsarten von der Wohnung aus, und die regelmäßige Nutzung spezifischer Grünflächen mit geringerem Cortisol-Niveau und teilweise mit höherer Lebenszufriedenheit assoziiert. Es werden mögliche Implikationen für eine nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung diskutiert.
City residents are often exposed to multiple environmental burdens that may cause stress and thereby pose a health risk. However, little is known about the co-occurrence of stressors, and on the health potential of natural resources. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the co-occurrence of multiple environmental burdens and the potential of natural resources with respect to the mental health of city residents. Based on a comprehensive theoretical model three consecutive studies were conducted in Berlin. An online survey facilitated the identification of critical local environmental factors. Subsequently a spatial analysis was conducted using a Geographic Information System in order to select neighborhood street blocks with high versus low multiple burden levels. A household survey was conducted in the selected study sites that additionally assessed the perceived level of other locally relevant burdens. Qualitative data and hair cortisol level as an objective indicator of chronic stress, were supplemented in a subsample. Results showed that either multiple stressors co-occurr or multiple resources are co-present. Residents from high-burden blocks behave in a less healthy manner than residents from low-burden blocks, but they do not differ in regard to health. However, perceived air pollution is related to perceived health. Moreover, individuals who feel more impaired, annoyed, or at risk by air pollution have higher cortisol levels. This relation exists with a high level of objective air pollution only, while no such relation exists when objective air pollution is low. This finding suggests chronic environmental stress with detrimental health consequences. Finally, residents whose homes have views onto high amounts of diverse kinds of vegetation, as well as who regularly use a park or a vegetated way have lower cortisol levels and partly report higher life satisfaction. The results have implications for sustainable urban development.
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Drabo, Alassane. "Health, environment and economic development." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF10376/document.

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Cette thèse étudie théoriquement et empiriquement les interrelations entre la santé de la population, la dégradation de l'environnement et le développement économique, ses conséquences pour les pays en développement, et fournit certaines réponses en termes de politique économique. Elle est subdivisée en deux parties. La première partie s’intéresse à la relation entre l’environnement, la santé, et les inégalités. Elle analyse dans un premier temps l’hypothèse selon laquelle la dégradation de l'environnement pourrait être considérée comme un canal supplémentaire par lequel les inégalités de revenu affectent les taux de mortalité infantile et juvénile (chapitre 2). Nos travaux théoriques et empiriques montrent que les inégalités de revenu affectent négativement la qualité de l'air et de l'eau, et cela à son tour dégrade la santé de la population. Par conséquent, la dégradation de l'environnement peut être considérée comme un canal non négligeable à travers lequel les inégalités de revenu influence l’état de santé. Il est ensuite démontré que les émissions de dioxyde de soufre (SO2) et celles des micro-Particules (PM10) sont en partie responsables des grandes disparités dans la mortalité infantile et juvénile au sein des pays pauvres (chapitre 3) .En outre, nos résultats soutiennent l’idée selon laquelle les institutions démocratiques jouent un rôle de protection sociale en atténuant cet effet pour les classes de revenu les plus pauvres et ainsi réduisent les inégalités de santé provoquées par la pollution. La deuxième partie évalue le lien entre la santé, l'environnement et la croissance économique. Le Chapitre 4 évalue l'effet de la santé (charge globale de la maladie, maladies transmissibles et paludisme) sur la croissance économique. Ce chapitre montre que les indicateurs de santé, lorsqu'ils sont correctement mesurés par l'écart entre l'état de santé actuel et une situation de santé idéal où toute la population vit à un âge avancé, indemne de maladie et d'invalidité, et lorsqu’ils sont convenablement instrumentés, ont un impact négatif significatif sur la performance économique. Les conséquences de ces interactions sur la convergence économique des pays pauvres vers leur état régulier, sont théoriquement et empiriquement analysées dans le dernier chapitre. Il en ressort que la dégradation de l'environnement réduit la capacité des pays pauvres d'atteindre leur état régulier, renforçant ainsi notre argument théorique selon lequel l’amélioration de la qualité de l'environnement joue un rôle considérable dans le processus de convergence économique. En outre, la dégradation de la qualité de l'air et de l'eau affecte négativement la performance économique, et l'état de santé demeure un canal important par lequel la dégradation de l'environnement agit sur la croissance économique même si elle n'est pas le seul. L’hypothèse de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets (EKC) est également vérifiée
This dissertation investigates theoretically and empirically the interrelationships among population’s health,environmental degradation and economic development, its consequences for developing countries, and someeffective policy responses. The first part explores the association between health, environment, and inequalities. Itfirstly analyzes whether environmental degradation could be considered as an additional channel through whichincome inequality affects infant and child mortality (chapter 2). Theoretical and empirical investigations show thatincome inequality affects negatively air and water quality, and this in turn worsens population’s health. Therefore,environmental degradation is an important channel through which income inequality affects population health. Then,it is shown that sulphur dioxide emission (SO2) and particulate matter (PM10) are in part responsible for the largedisparities in infant and child mortalities between and within developing countries (chapter 3). In addition, we foundthat democratic institutions play the role of social protection by mitigating this effect for the poorest income classesand reducing the health inequality it provokes. The second part is devoted to the link among health, environment,and economic growth. The effect of health (global burden of disease, communicable disease, and malaria) oneconomic growth is assessed in Chapter 4. This chapter shows that health indicators, when correctly measured by thegap between current health status and an ideal health situation where the entire population lives to an advanced age,free of disease and disability, and when accurately instrumented have significant impact on economic performance.The consequences of these interrelationships on the convergence of poor countries towards their steady state aretheoretically and empirically investigated in the last Chapter (chapter 5). It is found that environment degradationreduces the ability of poor countries to reach their own steady state, reinforcing our argument according to whichenvironment quality improvement plays a considerable role in economic convergence process. Moreover, thedegradation of air and water quality affects negatively economic performance, and health status remains an importantchannel through which environment degradation affects economic growth even if it is not alone. The EnvironmentalKuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is also verified
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"The global burden of anthropogenic ozone and particulate matter air pollution on premature human mortality." THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1457657.

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Tétreault, Louis-François. "Asthme infantile et polluants du trafic routier." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18584.

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La pollution de l’air extérieur est reconnue comme étant une source importante du fardeau économique, environnemental et sanitaire. Bien que les polluants retrouvés dans l’air ambiant soient émis par de nombreuses sources, le transport routier reste une source majeure de pollution particulièrement, les oxydes d’azote. Les polluants issus du trafic routier comme le dioxyde d’azote (NO2) ont été reliés à des problèmes de santé, notamment respiratoires. Cette thèse vise à quantifier l’impact de l’exposition prolongée à la pollution atmosphérique issue du transport routier, dans un contexte québécois, sur la santé respiratoire des enfants âgés de 0 à 12 ans. Afin d’y parvenir, nous avons développé une cohorte de naissances avec des données médicoadministratives et des modèles statistiques pour estimer les associations entre l’exposition prolongée au NO2 et le développement ainsi que l’exacerbation de l’asthme infantile. Nous avons également utilisé des données issues de modèles de transport, d’émissions et de dispersions afin de quantifier les cas d’asthmes incidents attribuables au NO2 issus du transport en 2008 et 2031. L’exposition annuelle ainsi que de l’exposition à la naissance au NO2 a été associée de façon positive au développement de l’asthme. L’exposition annuelle au NO2 a aussi été reliée à l’exacerbation de l’asthme infantile. En plus d’être important, le fardeau de l’asthme infantile attribuable au NO2 issu du transport routier présente une importante variation spatiale dans la région de Montréal. En 2031, on estime que le fardeau absolu ainsi que le fardeau par personne de la pollution issue du trafic routier seront réduits pour l’ensemble de la région. Dans l’ensemble, cette thèse a permis de quantifier l’impact du fardeau du NO2 issu du trafic routier sur la santé respiratoire des enfants. Les résultats de cette recherche suggèrent que des mesures devraient être encouragées pour réduire le fardeau attribuable au transport routier.
Outdoor air pollution is recognized as an important economic, environmental and sanitary burden. Even though air pollutants are emitted by numerous sources, transportation remains an important source of pollutants, particularly nitrous dioxide (NO2). Road traffic pollutants were linked to health issues, chiefly respiratory problems. This thesis aims to quantify the impact of prolonged exposure to road traffic pollutants on respiratory health for children age between 0 to 12 years old, in Québec. We developed a birth cohort using medico administrative data and statistical models in order to estimate the association between prolonged exposure to NO2 and onset or exacerbation of childhood asthma. We also used data obtained from transportation, emission and dispersion models to quantified the burden of asthma attributed to road traffic both in 2008 and 2031. Birth and annual exposure to NO2 are positively linked to childhood asthma onset. Annual NO2 exposure is also associated with the exacerbation of childhood asthma in asthmatic children. In addition of being important the burden associated with transport related air pollution showed important spatial variation in the Montreal region. However the burden associated with road traffic pollution will be reduced in 2031 compared to 2008. Overall this thesis enables us to quantify the burden associated to NO2 generated by road traffic on respiratory health in children. The results of this research suggest that measures should be taken to reduce the burden of road traffic.
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Books on the topic "Air pollution burden"

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Organization, World Health, ed. Indoor air pollution: National burden of disease estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, ed. Air pollution: EPA data gathering efforts would have imposed a burden on states : report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): The Office, 1995.

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Bafadhel, Mona. Prevention of respiratory disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0344.

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The prevention of disease at a population health level rather than an individual health level is aimed at reducing causes of ‘preventable’ death and, under the auspices of public health and epidemiology, is an integral part of primary, secondary, and tertiary care. Classification of death is usually according to the type of primary disease or injury. However, there are a number of recognized risk factors for death, and modifications in behaviour or risk factors can substantially reduce preventable causes of death and the associated healthcare and economic burden of chronic disease management. According to the WHO, hundreds of millions of people from infancy to old age suffer from preventable chronic respiratory diseases, there are over four million deaths annually from preventable respiratory diseases, and common respiratory disorders (e.g. lower respiratory tract infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and tuberculosis) account for approximately 20% of all deaths worldwide. This chapter discusses the prevention of respiratory disease, covering diseases associated with smoking (one of the biggest risk factors associated with preventable deaths), air pollution, and other lifestyle factors associated with respiratory disease; changes in legislation concerning smoking and work-related respiratory disease; and, finally, the prevention of respiratory diseases through the use of immunization and screening tools.
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Book chapters on the topic "Air pollution burden"

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Hänninen, Otto, Corinne Mandin, Wei Liu, Ningrui Liu, Zhuohui Zhao, and Yinping Zhang. "Disease Burden of Indoor Air Pollution." In Handbook of Indoor Air Quality, 1–44. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5155-5_48-1.

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Hänninen, Otto, Corinne Mandin, Wei Liu, Ningrui Liu, Zhuohui Zhao, and Yinping Zhang. "Disease Burden of Indoor Air Pollution." In Handbook of Indoor Air Quality, 1–43. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5155-5_48-2.

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Hänninen, Otto, Corinne Mandin, Wei Liu, Ningrui Liu, Zhuohui Zhao, and Yinping Zhang. "Disease Burden of Indoor Air Pollution." In Handbook of Indoor Air Quality, 1325–67. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7680-2_48.

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Lelieveld, Jos. "Reducing Air Pollution: Avoidable Health Burden." In Health of People, Health of Planet and Our Responsibility, 105–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31125-4_9.

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Samet, Jonathan M. "Air Pollution: Adverse Effects and Disease Burden." In Health of People, Health of Planet and Our Responsibility, 63–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31125-4_6.

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Gibson, Jacqueline MacDonald, Angela S. Brammer, Christopher A. Davidson, Tiina Folley, Frederic J. P. Launay, and Jens T. W. Thomsen. "Burden of Disease from Outdoor Air Pollution." In Environmental Science and Technology Library, 73–108. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5925-1_4.

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Gibson, Jacqueline MacDonald, Angela S. Brammer, Christopher A. Davidson, Tiina Folley, Frederic J. P. Launay, and Jens T. W. Thomsen. "Burden of Disease from Indoor Air Pollution." In Environmental Science and Technology Library, 109–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5925-1_5.

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Hänninen, Otto, Corinne Mandin, Wei Liu, Ningrui Liu, Zhuohui Zhao, and Yinping Zhang. "Correction to: Disease Burden of Indoor Air Pollution." In Handbook of Indoor Air Quality, C1. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7680-2_82.

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Butler, Colin D., and James Whelan. "Air Pollution and Climate Change in Australia: A Triple Burden." In Climate Change and Air Pollution, 131–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61346-8_9.

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Niu, Yue, Renjie Chen, and Haidong Kan. "Air Pollution, Disease Burden, and Health Economic Loss in China." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 233–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5657-4_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Air pollution burden"

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Kowalska, M., and M. Kowalski. "Environmental burden of disease associated with PM2.5exposure in Poland and selected neighboring countries." In AIR POLLUTION 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air140171.

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Kohli, Charu, Bratati Banerjee, and Suneela Garg. "Severity of air pollution in New Delhi and burden of paediatric respiratory illnesses - An Ecological Study." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1352.

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Khreis, Haneen, Natalie Mueller, David Rojas-Rueda, Kees de Hoogh, and Mark Nieuwenhuijsen. "OP IX – 5 Traffic-related air pollution and the local burden of childhood asthma in bradford, uk." In ISEE Young 2018, Early Career Researchers Conference on Environmental Epidemiology – Together for a Healthy Environment, 19–20 March 2018, Freising, Germany. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-iseeabstracts.43.

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Neo, En Xin, Khairunnisa Hasikin, Khin Wee Lai, Mohd Istajib Mokhtar, Muhammad Mokhzaini Azizan, Sarah Abdul Razak, and Hanee Farzana Hizaddin. "Leveraging Big Data for PM2.5 Prediction: A Case Study in Selangor, Malaysia." In International Technical Postgraduate Conference 2022. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.141.16.

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Air pollution has become a serious issue and has continually increased since the half-decade ago due to globalization. Activities such as urbanization, industrialization, power plants, agricultural open burning and natural disaster such as wildfires are the key factors in air pollution. The air pollutants produced include particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide(SO2), nitrogen dioxides (NO2) and heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). According to the most recent revision of the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), PM10 and PM2.5 were listed as the fourth most common killer out of 85 risk factors. Hence, it is important to assess air pollution, especially the particulate matter concentration in the air. In this study, we emphasize the development of PM2.5 prediction models using machine learning for air pollution evaluation in Selangor, Malaysia. This is because Selangor contributed most pollutants due to its highest population distribution in the country. The machine learning models involved are Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, KNN, SVM, and Gradient Boosting. Gradient boosting and Random Forest contributed comparable prediction results. However, gradient boosting was chosen as the best model for the prediction in this study due to the accuracy and precision in predicting the Classes of PM2.5 without misclassification. The accuracy, precision, and recall of the model are 99.9% and 99.94% for F1 score respectively.
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Junior, E. Godoy, J. R. Camargo, M. A. Marcelino, and J. L. Silveira. "Development of a burner to measure biogas generation." In AIR POLLUTION 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air120441.

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Corporan, Edwin, Matthew J. DeWitt, Christopher D. Klingshirn, Shannon M. Mahurin, and Meng-Dawn Cheng. "Emissions Characteristics of a Legacy Military Aircraft." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59255.

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Emissions from aircraft and associated ground equipment are major sources of local pollution at airports and military bases. These pollutant emissions, especially particulate matter (PM), have been receiving significant attention lately due to their proven harmful health and environmental effects. As the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tightens environmental standards, it is likely that military operations, including the basing of advanced and legacy aircraft, will be impacted. Accurate determination of emission indices from aircraft is necessary to properly assess their environmental burden. As such, the gaseous and PM emissions of a B-52 Stratofortress aircraft were characterized in this effort. This emissions study supports the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project WP-1401 to determine emissions factors from military aircraft. The main purpose of the project is to develop a comprehensive emissions measurement program using both conventional and advanced techniques to determine emissions factors for pollutants of fixed and rotating wing military aircraft. Standard practices for the measurement of gaseous emissions from aircraft have been well established; however, there is no certified methodology for the measurement of aircraft PM emissions. In this study, several conventional aerosol instruments were employed to physically characterize the PM emissions from two of the aircraft’s TF33 turbofan engines. Exit plane pollutant emissions were extracted via probes and transported through heated lines to the analytical instruments. Particle concentrations, size distributions and mass emissions, as well as engine smoke numbers (SN), soot volatile fraction and total hydrocarbon emissions were measured. The engines were tested at four power settings, from idle to 75% normal rated thrust (NRT) (95% N2 – turbine speed). Test results show relatively consistent PM and gaseous emissions between the two engines for most conditions tested. The measured TF33 PM mass emission indices (EI), including estimated sampling line losses, were in the range of 1.0–3.0 g/kg-fuel and the particle number (PN) EI were between 4.0–10.0E+15 particles/kg-fuel. The particle size data followed a single mode lognormal distribution for all power settings with particle geometric mean diameters ranging from 52 to 85 nm. In general, the aerosol instrumentation provided consistent and reliable measurements throughout the test campaign, therefore increasing confidence on their use for turbine engine PM emissions measurements.
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Dai, T., A. S. Fleischer, A. P. Wemhoff, and R. Lee. "Environmental Impact of an Industrial Kitchen: A Case Study." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70545.

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The large number of industrial kitchens and their energy-intense characteristics provides opportunities for pollution prevention. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a proper tool not only for unitizing the environmental impact of the complex system of an industrial kitchen, but also for making environmental food labels for the foods produced in the same industrial kitchen. In this study, a gate-to-gate LCA of 11 types of food was conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of a typical industrial kitchen, Villanova University’s Donahue Hall. First, material and energy flow data, including cold storage, food preparation, food display, lighting, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), and dish washing were collected. This data, along with standard data on energy generation and transmission, were used in the LCA. The results show that global warming, fossil fuel depletion and ecotoxicity are the main environmental impact categories. Furthermore, HVAC, cold storage and cooking are the three largest contributors of environmental burden. Using the metrics developed, tuna salad, tomato soup and pasta are the most environmental friendly foods of the 11 sampled food types, while pizza and cheese quesadillas have the worst environmental performance. Energy saving measures for HVAC, cold storage and cooking are proposed.
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Yoshida, Yusaku, Kenshun Oyakawa, Yukio Aizawa, and Hiroshi Kaya. "A High-Temperature Catalytic Combustor With Starting Burner." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0087.

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A catalytic combustion system has high potential to achieve low NOx emission level. When this combustion system is applied to a gas turbine, the required combustor performance must be maintained over a wide range of operating conditions. These conditions range from cold starting to steady-state operation. Particularly during the initial stage of cold starting when the catalyst is not yet activated, the catalyst must be heated by some means. This study proposes a new concept of a catalytic combustor with a direct heating system using vaporizing tube for starting burner in order to downsize the combustor and reduce the warm-up time during cold starts. The effectiveness of this concept is experimentally verified. Furthermore, NOx, CO, and HC emissions during startup can be reduced to a low level so as to achieve ultra-low pollution of the catalytic combustion over a wide range of operating conditions from cold start to steady-state operation. This paper outlines the operation concept covering cold start, verification of the concept through the experiments with flame visualization in the combustor, spray characteristics, construction of the combustor, and combustion characteristics that show low pollution in various operating conditions of the catalytic combustor.
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Baukal, Charles E., and Wesley R. Bussman. "Process Heater Air Infiltration." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39988.

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Process heaters are among the largest energy consumers in industry. Many of them were built years ago and often are not well sealed which leads to excessive air infiltration. Air leaks may be caused by cracks in the wall, by sight ports that are not properly sealed or may even be left open, failure to close air registers for burners that are out of service, improper sealing of penetrations through the heater walls, and by excessive draft levels in the heater. These leaks reduce energy efficiency and indirectly increase pollution emissions as more fuel must be consumed for a given production rate. Leaks may also directly cause NOx emissions to increase due to increased excess oxygen. Excessive air leakage can indirectly cause process burners to operate improperly. The excess oxygen level in a heater is normally controlled to a certain target value, typically about 2–3% by volume for gaseous fuels. Process burners are designed assuming that all of the air for combustion goes through the burner. However, if a significant amount of air is leaking into a heater, the measured excess oxygen level may be on target but not enough of the air is coming through the burner which can adversely affect performance. The flame length may be dramatically increased as the flame searches for air to complete combustion which often causes flame impingement on process tubes. The heat flux distribution may be shifted as the flame length increases. The flames may even become unstable if they are sufficiently starved for air. The draft level in a heater varies with elevation which means that air infiltration depends not only on the size of the leak opening, but also on its location. This paper will include an analysis of how excess air infiltration affects thermal efficiency and how the location of the leak and the heater draft level affect the amount of air infiltration. The impact of air infiltration on burner performance will be discussed. Techniques will be recommended for detecting air leaks and how to correct them.
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Ramadan, Omar B., J. E. Donald Gauthier, Patrick M. Hughes, and Robert Brandon. "Design Procedure of a Novel Micro-Turbine Low NOx Conical Wire-Mesh Duct Burner." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50948.

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Nowadays, air pollution and climate change have become a global environmental problem. As a result, government regulations worldwide are becoming increasingly stringent. This has led to an urgent need to develop new designs and methods for improving combustion systems to minimize the production of toxic emissions, such as nitrogen oxides. Micro-turbine based cogeneration units are one of the interesting alternatives for combined electrical power and heat generation (CHP). Micro-turbine CHP technology still needs to be developed to increase efficiency, heat-to-power ratio and improve operating flexibility. This can all be obtained by adding a duct burner to the CHP unit. This paper documents the design process for a novel low NOx conical wire-mesh duct burner for the development of a more efficient micro-cogeneration unit. This burner provides the thermal energy necessary to raise the micro-turbine exhaust gases temperature to increase the heat recovery capability. The duct burner implements both lean premixed and surface combustion techniques to achieve low NOx and CO emission levels. The design process includes a set of preliminary design procedures relating the use of empirical and semi-empirical models. The preliminary design procedures were verified and validated for key components, such as the duct burner premixer, using Laser sheet illumination technique (LSI). The LSI was used to study the mixing process inside the premixer fitted with different swirlers. The designed duct burner was successfully operated in a blue flame mode over a wide range of conditions with NOx emissions of less than 5 ppmv and CO emissions of less than 10 ppmv (corrected to 15% O2).
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Reports on the topic "Air pollution burden"

1

Richardson, Jeremy, Eric Dixon, and Ted Boettner. Repairing the damage: cleaning up hazardous coal ash can create jobs and improve the environment. Union of Concerned Scientists, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2021.12306.

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Although coal has powered the nation for generations and today offers well-paying jobs—often the best opportunities in more rural areas—coal negatively affects human health and the environment at every point in its life cycle: when it is mined, processed, transported, burned, and discarded (Freese, Clemmer, and Nogee 2008). Local communities— often low-income communities and/or communities of color—have for decades borne the brunt of these negative impacts, including air pollution, water pollution, and work- place injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.
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2

Richardson, Jeremy, Eric Dixon, and Ted Boettner. Repairing the damage: cleaning up hazardous coal ash can create jobs and improve the environment. Union of Concerned Scientists, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2021.14314.

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Although coal has powered the nation for generations and today offers well-paying jobs—often the best opportunities in more rural areas—coal negatively affects human health and the environment at every point in its life cycle: when it is mined, processed, transported, burned, and discarded (Freese, Clemmer, and Nogee 2008). Local communities— often low-income communities and/or communities of color—have for decades borne the brunt of these negative impacts, including air pollution, water pollution, and work- place injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.
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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Air pollution burden' for particular source types:
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