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Academic literature on the topic 'Air masses Mathematical models'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Air masses Mathematical models"

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Gomes, Francileni Pompeu, Osvaldo Resende, Elisabete Piancó de Sousa, Juliana Aparecida Célia, and Kênia Borges de Oliveira. "Application of Mathematical Models and Thermodynamic Properties in the Drying of Jambu Leaves." Agriculture 12, no. 8 (August 18, 2022): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081252.

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Jambu is a vegetable originally from the northern region of Brazil, has bioactive properties, being little explored by other regions, due to its high peresivity. And one of the methods to increase the shelf life of plant products is the removal of water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the drying kinetics of jambu leaf mass. Two treatments were carried out: The mass of fresh jambu leaves and the mass of fresh jambu leaves with the addition of drying foam, both submitted in an oven with forced air circulation at temperatures (50, 60 and 70 °C and thickness of 1.0 cm). The proximate composition of the materials was performed before and after drying. Twelve mathematical models were tested on drying kinetics data and thermodynamic properties were calculated. The parameters of the proximate composition for the mass of leaves and foam after drying were: Moisture content of (2 to 7%), ash content of (13 to 17%), protein content of (22 to 30%), lipids of (0.6 to 4%) and total titratable acidity (0.20 to 0.28%) of tartaric acid. The models that best fit the experimental data to describe the drying kinetics of jambu masses were: Wang & Singh. The use of foam mat presented higher values of effective diffusion coefficient and activation energy and lower values of enthalpy and entropy, reducing the drying time.
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Koval, Oleksandr. "SEASON DYNAMICS OF THE TEMPERATURE MODE OF BILOOZERSKYI MASSIVE OF RIVNE NATURAL RESERVE." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 54 (2019): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2019.54.83-92.

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Purpose. The purpose of the research is to analyze the temperature regime of the Biloozerskyi massive of Rivne Nature Reserve according to the data of the three nearest meteorological stations and to identify its dynamics and patterns. Methods. In the work are used the results of observations of the air temperature of the meteorological stations in Sarny, Lyubeshiv and Manevychi for the period of 2006-2018, which are freely available on the Internet: http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru. Climatological information was analyzed during the research. Mathematical statistics calculations have been applied to determine the decade air temperatures. Techniques for building graphical models (Excel software) for the annual course of air temperature were used. Graphic models set the date of transition of air temperature across thresholds, the length of periods with different temperatures and the length of periods with winter thaw and high summer temperatures. The work is based on statistical, analytical, comparative, graphic and descriptive research methods. Results. The daily, ten-day, monthly, annual, and long-term values of air temperature were analyzed and the date of steady transition of average daily air temperature across thresholds was established. The dynamics of starting and ending dates of different seasons and their duration are investigated. It is established that the duration of different seasons varies and varies significantly over the years. The cold season covers the winter and is characterized by alternation of cold and warm periods: the flow of cold air masses is accompanied by a decrease in air temperature, and the flow of warm air masses is accompanied by short or long thaws. In general, most of the winter is thawed days. The warm season covers spring, summer and autumn. Spring is the least longest and most dynamic period of the year. According to the peculiarities of the development of circulation processes and the rate of change of air temperature, spring and autumn are divided into several periods. The division of the transitional seasons into periods is conditioned by the beginning and the end of the warm period and the periods of vegetation and active vegetation. Summer is the longest period of the year. The summer is characterized by periods with high temperatures, when maximum temperatures are recorded in different grades. Scientific novelty. The research of the temperature regime of the protected area under the conditions of modern climate change is carried out. The dates of beginning and ending of different seasons, their duration and dynamics are established and regularities are formed. The practical significance. The materials of the research can be used for further meteorological research of nature reserves, for the needs of recreation, agrometeorology and in the educational process in the study of regional disciplines.
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Тиняков, Дмитрий Васильевич, and Виктор Иванович Рябков. "МЕТОД ПОПЕРЕДНЬОГО ФОРМУВАННЯ ОСНОВНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ПІД ЧАС ГЛИБОКИХ МОДІФІКАЦІЙНИХ ЗМІН У ЛІТАКАХ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ КАТЕГОРІЇ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 7 (November 10, 2018): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.7.09.

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The method of a preliminary development of main performances during deep variation in variants of a transport category aircraft, that is, when changing a wing area and a powerplant output, has been proposed. The main performance of any aircraft on the stage of its modifying is takeoff mass to, its value depends on structural members’ masses, in which modifications changes are present. The method is based on the com-parative evaluation of take-off mass increments of a basic aircraft and it’s variant. That allows qualitatively and quantitatively to evaluate the specific value of the take-off mass increment of an airplane variant depending on engineering and economical requirements changes. Also, it is obvious that changes in the combination of performances their changes in the process of an aircraft variant creation, move the solution of an existence equation at new point, which corresponds to a new takeoff mass. The analysis of the method was implemented on the example of the regional passenger aircraft variant with two turboprop engines. The method of a preliminary development of main performances of a transport category aircraft subject to deep modification, i.e. when changing a wing area or a powerplant output, is proposed. The mathematical model for the estimation of the takeoff mass increment, depending on requirement groups realized in modifications, is developed by using the models of calculation of required mass (due to change of modification) and available mass (constant for a base variant). Statistical equations for the preliminary estimation of a takeoff mass increment, that create the relationship between the constituent masses and the takeoff mass for a regional aircraft, are used. For middle-range and long-range airplanes an adjustment is needed. The proposed method and the mathematical models allow at a preliminary designing stage of an airplane variant not only typical required quantitative change in structure, but the necessary changes of a wing area and a powerplant output to satisfy the required engineering and economical requirements, which aircraft and air-lines’ markets dictate.
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Mehrotra, Utkarsh, Arthur Brazzle, Michael McKeown, and Douglas C. Hopkins. "Lithium Battery Cell Level Fusing with Aluminum Heavy Wire Bonds." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2020, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 000009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2020.1.000009.

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Abstract Aluminum heavy wire bonds interconnects are a potential alternative to laser or resistance welded bus bars due to its ease of manufacturability, long term reliability and low cost for battery banks. They can also be utilized as a fault protection solution in case of a surge current, dead short, etc, and to isolate a bad cell preventing synchronous failure. Typically, the current-carrying capability of a wire is estimated using standard data generated by testing in free air. However, a deviation in the capacity limits can occur due to the proximity of interconnect to larger thermal masses and different heat extraction techniques found in present day lithium battery packs; e.g., fluid channel cooling, encapsulated wires, etc. The cylindrical cell cathode, anode, and the busbar material constitute a large thermal mass to increase the fusing current in wire bonds above conventional levels. To better predict and design the interconnects advanced and system-specific models should be developed. This paper presents a new mathematical approach which includes the effect of convective cooling inside the battery pack to do an early step estimation of the current handling capacity and fusing time of different diameter wires. The paper also presents a finite element model that includes the impact of boundary conditions, wire length and wire diameter on steady-state current handling capacity of 99.99 % Al wire. Both steady-state and transient simulations were performed to estimate fusing times at different time rated conditions. The paper concludes by providing new curve-fit patterns to give future battery pack designers further insight aiding new designs.
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Dudakova, Dina, Vladimir Anokhin, Mikhail Dudakov, and Andrey Ronzhin. "On Theoretical Foundations of Aerolimnology: Study of Fresh Water Bodies and Coastal Territories Using Air Robot Equipment." Informatics and Automation 21, no. 6 (November 24, 2022): 1359–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/ia.21.6.10.

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The integration of the methodological basis of several different sciences in interdisciplinary research is a characteristic feature of new mechanisms for solving modern applied problems. The emerging theoretical foundations of aerolimnology, as a new scientific direction, are considered from the point of view of the contribution of three key sciences to it: limnology, informatics and robotics. Classifications of methods and approaches of limnological research, airborne robotic means, and information technologies that are promising for solving problems in the field of aerolimnology are given. The task of the scientific direction of aerolimnology is formulated as the study of the possibilities and limitations of combined methods of remote sensory measurement, robotic sampling and analytical study of the parameters of freshwater ecosystems to monitor and predict the dynamics of their development. Among the main areas of aerolimnological research, the following are distinguished: the construction of orthophotomaps and photogrammetric spatial models of the bottom topography and individual elements of the bottom landscape and coastal zone of various scales; geological and geophysical mapping of the underwater part of the coastal zone; the study of phytoplankton, in particular, the "bloom" of water caused by cyanobacteria; study of distribution and migration of large representatives of hydrofauna; study of temperature fields and processes of redistribution of water masses. The limitations imposed on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in sampling and monitoring coastal water areas are discussed, primarily weather-climatic, temporal, spatial, and technical. The advantage of using unmanned aerial vehicles in aerolimnology is justified by an increase in the speed of data acquisition, the possibility of approaching hard-to-reach and territorially remote objects, and a decrease in the influence of the human factor. The scientific novelty of the presented research consists in an attempt to integrate interdisciplinary knowledge when using unmanned aerial vehicles and processing the obtained data based on artificial intelligence technologies in the study of limnological objects and processes. The important role of geoinformation systems is noted and examples of maps of shore typification and geomorphology of Lake Ladoga are given, posted on the website of the Center for the Collective Use of Scientific Equipment "North-Western Center for Monitoring and Forecasting the Development of Territories" of the St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The main stages of the methodology for conducting aerolimnological studies using interdisciplinary approaches based on limnology, informatics and robotic tools operating in different environments are considered.
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Yokota, Shuichiro. "Mathematical models of weathering process in jointed rock masses." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 98, no. 2 (1992): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.98.155.

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Gorobtsov, A. S., M. V. Lyashenko, N. S. Sokolov-Dobrev, V. V. Shekhovtsov, P. V. Potapov, E. V. Klementyev, and A. A. Dolotov. "Mathematical model of test bench." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66903.

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The description of multifunctional test bench construction to determine the basic operational characteristics of transmissions of automobiles and trucks designed in Volgograd State Technical University is provided. The description of its mathematical model created on the basis of the spatial dynamic schema is given and the results of calculation of test bench mass and inertia parameters are provided. The models of moving masses are the masses of transmission rotating elements, which transmit torque, transmission housing, test bench frame, that consists of two subframes, two hubs, DinaPack loading device, including a hydraulic machine. The values of parts inertia moments and stiffness of its joints are obtained by DASP software package and SolidWorks 3D CAD system. On the first stage to carry out the simulation capabilities at various loading conditions and forecast their results without a long-term field tests, on the basis of the structural scheme of test bench the flat dynamic model was created, which besides the data on composition and communication of the masses, contains data on elastic, inertial and dissipative parameters of its elements. On the next stage the spatial structural test bench scheme was created, on the basis of which in “Universal mechanism” program the spatial dynamic model was made. The dynamic model of test bench includes 31 inertial masses influenced by linear, contact, bipolar and special forces. To check the adequacy of the created model at the initial stage the calculation of fundamental frequencies of its masses in the range from 0 to 10000 Hz was made. The comparison of its values with the results of processing of experimental digital oscillograms of test bench masses oscillations showed sufficient for the solution of engineering problems convergence of results.
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Louie, A. H., and R. C. Pierce. "Mathematical models of human exposure to air pollutants." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 10, no. 1 (1988): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(88)90121-5.

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Purwanto, Burhan Eko, Icha Jusmalisa, Indah Permata Sari, Agus Jatmiko, and Andika Eko Pasetiyo. "Learning Models to Improved Mathematical Communication Skills." Desimal: Jurnal Matematika 3, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/djm.v3i1.5650.

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The problem faced by students in slow learning is in terms of communication. The use of Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) and Cooperative Think Pair Share (TPS) types is needed to help students communicate mathematically in expressing mathematical ideas. This study aims to determine whether or not there are differences in mathematical communication skills of students using the Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) learning model with students who use Think Pair Share (TPS) Cooperative learning models. This research uses a quantitative approach using the Quasi Experiment method. The research design is in the form of posttest only, non-equivalent group design. Testing data using the T test with Independent Samples T-Test. Based on the results of hypothesis testing obtained p-value> α 0.05. So it was concluded that there were indications of differences between Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) learning models with (TPS) Cooperative learning models and superior (AIR) learning models compared to Cooperative learning models of (TPS) Type in influencing students' mathematical communication skills.
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Zadhesh, Jamal, and Abbas Majdi. "MATHEMATICAL DETERMINATION OF ROCK JOINTS MORPHOLOGICAL PROFILE." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 37, no. 5 (2022): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.5.10.

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Determining the geometric or morphology and mechanical properties of joints and geomechanics of intact rock is a vitally important issue in predicting the behaviour of structures built inside or on rock masses. The joint morphology is significant because it affects the strength of the rock mass and controls the stability of the structures related to the rock masses. Until recently, joint morphology was introduced in a simple form which brought about models that are far from the inherent state of a rock joint. The work presented in this research introduces a new model to represent rock joint morphology which is very close to reality. For this research, Sarchawa marble mine joint systems are studied. According to this research, the morphology of each rock joint can be expressed as a mathematical equation. Using the output of this research, we can see a more realistic view of the rock masses. As a result, we can have better designs for structures correlated to rock masses, making the result better and more reliable.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Air masses Mathematical models"

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Liu, Chi-hong, and 廖志航. "Base friction modelling of discontinuous rock masses." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577123.

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Santoso, Agus Mathematics &amp Statistics Faculty of Science UNSW. "Evolution of climate anomalies and variability of Southern Ocean water masses on interannual to centennial time scales." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mathematics and Statistics, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/33355.

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In this study the natural variability of Southern Ocean water masses on interannual to centennial time scales is investigated using a long-term integration of the Commonwealth Scientic and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) coupled climate model. We focus our attention on analysing the variability of Antarctic IntermediateWater (AAIW), Circumpolar DeepWater (CDW), and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). We present an analysis of the dominant modes of temperature and salinity (T - S) variability within these water masses. Climate signals are detected and analysed as they get transmitted into the interior from the water mass formation regions. Eastward propagating wavenumber-1, -2, and -3 signals are identied using a complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis along the core of the AAIW layer. Variability in air-sea heat uxes and ice meltwater rates are shown by heat and salt budget analyses to control variability of Antarctic Surface Water where density surfaces associated with AAIW outcrop. The dominant mode in the CDW layer is found to exhibit an interbasin-scale of variability originating from the North Atlantic, and propagating southward into the Southern Ocean. Salinity dipole anomalies appear to propagate around the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation with the strengthening and weakening of North Atlantic Deep Water formation. In the AABW layer, T - S anomalies are shown to originate from the southwestern Weddell Sea, driven by salinity variations and convective overturning in the region. It is also demonstrated that the model exhibits spatial patterns of T - S variability for the most part consistent with limited observational record in the Southern Hemisphere. However, some observations of decadal T - S changes are found to be beyond that seen in the model in its unperturbed state. We further assess sea surface temperature (SST) variability modes in the Indian Ocean on interannual time scales in the CSIRO model and in reanalysis data. The emergence of a meridional SST dipole during years of southwest Western Australian rainfall extremes is shown to be connected to a large-scale mode of Indian Ocean climate variability. The evolution of the dipole is controlled by variations in atmospheric circulation driving anomalous latent heat uxes with wind-driven ocean transport moderating the impact of evaporation and setting the conditions favourable for the next generation phase of an opposite dipole.
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Hakami, Amir. "Direct sensitivity analysis in air quality models." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180202/unrestricted/hakami%5Famir%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.

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Khan, Maudood Naeem. "Development and application of an adaptive grid air quality model." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20824.

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夏激揚 and Jiyang Xia. "Numerical study on wind field and air pollutant dispersion in urban street canopies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242509.

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Tsui, Ka-cheung, and 徐家祥. "Neighborhood ventilation of a building cluster by combined forces." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182128.

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Chung, Nga-hang, and 鍾雅行. "Large-eddy simulation of transport of inert and chemically reactive pollutants over 2D idealized street canyons." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849903.

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In view of the worsening air quality in the world, more concerns are focused on the environment. This thesis uses the technique of CFD and develops the computer model to investigate the wind and pollutant transport, as well as the chemistry of reactive pollutants in idealized two-dimensional (2D) street canyons. Three scientific questions are raised in this thesis. The first task is to find out the po- sition with the most favorable pollutant removal along the ground level over 2D idealized street canyon of different building-height-to-street-width (aspect) ratios (ARs). The di- mensionless parameter, C, represents the pollutant removal performance. In the isolated roughness regime, the two local maximum C locate at the reattachment point and the windward corner. In the wake interference regime, C is peaked on the windward side. The number of vertically aligned recirculations depends on the street depth in the skimming flow regime. The sizes of the secondary recirculation upstream and downstream deter- mine how the maximum C shifts from the street centre. After identifying the position of peaked pollutant removal rate at the ground level, the emission source should be placed with the highest constant C in order to remove the pollutants upward more quickly to safeguard the street-level air quality. After understanding the best pollutant removal in the street canyon of different ARs, the second task is to find out what AR is the most favorable for the ventilation and pollutant removal across the roof level. The three parameters, namely friction factor, air exchange rate (ACH) and pollutant exchange rate (PCH), are introduced to quantify the pressure difference to sustain the mean flow, the ventilation and pollutant removal, respectively. The turbulence contributes more than 70% to the total ACH and PCH in all the three flow regimes. By increasing the atmospheric turbulence in building geometry as well as the surface roughness, the ventilation and pollutant removal performance can be improved. The linear relation between the friction factor and ACH demonstrates the larger resistance that in turn promotes the air exchange over the roof level. The physical dispersion is studied; however atmospheric pollutants are seldom in- ert but chemically reactive instead. The last task is to include the three common air pollutants, NO, NO2 and O3, in the simple NOx ?O3 mechanism in terms of the photo- stationary state and reaction rates. The Damkohler numbers of NO and O3, DaNO and DaO3, are parameterized by the concentrations of the sources NO and O3. The normalized mean and fluctuation NO, NO2 and O3 are separately considered. The integrated pho- tostationary state (PSS) in the first canyon increases with DaO3 under the same DaNO. The integrated PSS of the second to the twelveth street canyons are compared with each case, the monotonic increase in the PSS from the second to twelveth canyon is perceived in DaNO/DaO3 1, 0.03, 0.02, 0.001 and 0.000333. Further decreases the DaNO/DaO3 to 0.000143, 0.000125, 0.000118, 0.000111 and 0.0001, the PSS is found to be non-linear and the trough appears in the fourth and fifth canyons.
published_or_final_version
Mechanical Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Leung, Ka-kit Pieta, and 梁家杰. "On the study of ventilation and pollutant removal over idealized two-dimensional urban street canyons." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48521863.

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In the last century, there has been a rapid growth and development in economy and modern technology around the world. This phenomenon helped improving wealth and living standard but also brought pollutions to the society and the environment. Among various kinds of pollution, air pollution takes a larger proportion. Therefore, there is increasing concern about the ventilation and pollution removal behavior in the urban environment. Among different academic studies performed, the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) had become more popular. Since wind tunnel experiments serve as validations for CFD results, this thesis developed the technique required for wind tunnels experiments and to investigate the pollutant removal related to urban geometry, as well as the technique for gas sampling to examine the distribution of pollutants in urban boundary layer over idealized two-dimensional (2D) street canyons. Three specific tasks are archived to accomplish the above objectives. The first task was to extend the wind tunnel in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Hong Kong. An extension duct was designed to increase the length of the test section in which the reduced-scale model could be installed. The dimensions of the test section were specified according to the required length for fully developed flow inside the test section, the environment in the laboratory and the original wind tunnel conditions. The extension duct was then constructed and mounted, with the wind profile inside the test section obtained afterwards. After construction of the extended test section for experimental purposes, the second task was to examine the pollutant transport behaviors from the ground level of idealized 2D urban street canyons to the urban atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) using both laboratory wind tunnel measurements and CFD. Movable rectangular aluminum blocks were placed in the wind tunnel in cross-flow to construct street canyons of different building-height-to-street-width (aspect) ratios. Wetted filter papers were applied on the surface of the blocks inside the street region, modeling the source of pollutant emission inside the street canyons. The wind tunnel and CFD results complemented each other to elucidate the pollutant removal mechanism that is in line with other results available in literature. From the experimental results obtained, scaling effect was observed in the mass transfer behaviors even the flows had fulfilled kinematic similarity. A new indicator, the scaled overall pollutant removal coefficient, was formulated for the comparison of pollutant removal performance. The improved agreement in the comparison with the CFD results showed that the scaled overall pollutant removal coefficient could be used to account for the scaling effects occurred in laboratory experiments at finite Reynolds number (〖10〗^(3 ) to 〖10〗^(5 ) in this study) for comparison of pollutant removal performance. The behavior of pollutants inside the street canyons was studied; however, the pollutant concentration inside a street could be affected by the pollutant source in another street, even there were several streets away from it. The pollutant escaped from the source street could act as air entrainment into other streets, affecting the air quality. The concentration profile correlated to the street geometry was thus studied. The last task of this dissertation was to study the effect of urban geometry on the concentration profile of the urban ABL by means of gas dispersion experiments. Experiments were carried out in the wind tunnels of the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Civil Engineering with different sets of experimental models used. A special gas emission source was constructed in order to simulate the linear source due to busy traffic in the street regions. The required gas sampling techniques were also studied throughout the measurement. Trial experiments were carried out and preliminary results had been obtained. Furthermore, the pollutant concentration profiles downstream from a linear pollutant source in an idealized 2D street canyon were also measured. Throughout the experiments, different designs of line source were tested and factors affecting the experimental results were considered. One of the line source designs was adopted and the pollutant concentrations in street canyons of different aspect ratios were observed. The concentration decreases rapidly with increasing distance from the roof but then increases to steady value. The average pollutant concentration over the concentration profile was different at different aspect ratios. It is believed that its performance depends on the pollutant removal behavior from street regions.
published_or_final_version
Mechanical Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
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9

Wong, Ching-chi, and 黃精治. "Flow and pollutant dispersion over idealized urban street canyons using large-eddy simulation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206698.

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Flows and pollutant dispersion over flat rural terrain have been investigated for decades. However, our understanding of their behaviours over urban areas is rather limited. Most cases have either focused on street level or in the roughness sub-layer (RSL) of urban boundary layer (UBL). Whereas, only a handful of studies have looked into the coupling between street-level and UBL-core dynamics, and their effects on pollutant dispersion. In this thesis, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to examine the flows and pollutant transport in and over urban roughness. Idealised two-dimensional (2D) street canyons are used as the basic units fabricating hypothetical urban surfaces. A ground-level passive and chemically inert pollutant source is applied to simulate the flows and pollutant dispersion over rough surfaces in isothermal condition. Large-eddy simulation (LES) with the one-equation subgrid-scale model is used to solve explicitly the broad range of scales in turbulent flows. Arrays of idealized street canyons of both uniform and non-uniform building height are used to formulate a unified theory for the flows and pollutant dispersion over urban areas of different morphology. The geometry of roughness elements is controlled by the building-height-to-street-width (aspect) ratio (0.083 ≤ AR ≤ 2) and/or the building height variability (BHV = 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6), in which the characteristic regimes of skimming flow, wake-interference and isolated roughness are covered. A detailed analysis on the roof-level turbulence structure reveals parcels of low-speed air masses in the streamwise flows and narrow high-speed down-drafts in the urban canopy layer, signifying the momentum entrainment into the street canyons. The decelerating streamwise flows in turn initiate up-drafts carrying pollutants away from the street canyons, illustrating the basic pollutant removal mechanism in 2D street canyons. Turbulent transport processes, in the form of ejection and sweep, are the key events governing the exchanges of air and pollutant of street canyon. Air exchange rate (ACH) along the roof level is dominated by turbulent transport, in particular over narrow street canyons. The LES results show that both the turbulence level and ACH increase with increasing aerodynamic resistance defined in term of the Fanning friction factor. At the same AR, BHV greatly increases the friction factor and the ACH in dense built areas (AR ≤ 0.25). The turbulence intensity is peaked on the windward side of street canyons that does not overlap with the maximum velocity gradient near the leeward building corners, suggesting the importance of background turbulence in street-level ventilation. Over the building roughness, pollutant plume dispersion after the ground-level area source in cross flows resumes the self-similar Gaussian shape in the vertical direction in which the vertical plume coverage is proportional to the square root of downwind distance in the streamwise direction. Moreover, the vertical dispersion coefficient is proportional to the one-fourth power of friction factor over idealised street canyons. Conclusively, friction factor can be used to parametrise ventilation and pollutant dispersion over urban areas.
published_or_final_version
Mechanical Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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10

Yan, Tsz-leung, and 甄子良. "Spatio-temporal modeling and forecasting of air quality data." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197498.

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Respirable Suspended Particulate (RSP) time series data sampled in an air quality monitoring network are found strongly correlated and they are varying in highly similar patterns. This study provides a methodology for spatio-temporal modeling and forecasting of multiple RSP time series, in which the dynamic spatial correlations amongst the series can be effectively utilized. 　　The efficacy of the Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Harmonic Regression (STDHR) model is demonstrated. Based on the decomposition of the observed time series into the trend and periodic components, the model is capable of making forecast of RSP data series that exhibit variation patterns during air pollution episodes and typhoons with dynamic weather conditions. It is also capable to produce spatial predictions of RSP time series up to three unobserved sites. 　　The Noise-variance-ratio (NVR) form of the multivariate recursive algorithm ((M2) algorithm) that derived by the author can greatly facilitate its practical application in both multivariate and univariate time series analysis. The (M2) algorithm allows the spatial correlations to be specified at parametric levels. The state-space (SS) model formulation can flexibly accommodate the existing inter or intra (auto) correlations amongst the parameters of the data series. 　　Applications of the variance intervention (VI) are exploited and illustrated with a real life case study which involves forecasting of RSP data series during an air pollution episode. This illustrates that time series with abrupt changes can be predicted by automatic implementation of the VI approach. 　　The present study also extended the anisotropic Matern model to estimate the dynamic spatial correlation structure of the air quality data by using mean wind speed and prevailing wind direction in defining the spatial anisotropy. The Anisotropic Matern model by Mean Wind Speed and Prevailing Wind Direction (AMMP) model that devised by the author can avoid huge computational burden in estimating variogram at every variation of the underlying spatial structure. 　　Finally, the findings of this dissertation have laid the foundation for further research on multiple time series analysis and estimation of dynamic spatial structure.
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Geography
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Books on the topic "Air masses Mathematical models"

1

Shirvaikar, V. V. Air pollution meteorology. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2002.

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Stochastic models of air pollutant concentration. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985.

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A, Brebbia C., Ratto Corrado F, Power H, and International Conference on Air Pollution (6th : 1998 : Genoa, Italy), eds. Air pollution VI. Southampton, U.K: WIT Press/Computational Mechanics Publications, 1998.

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Dezső, Szepesi. Compendium of regulatory air quality simulation models. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1989.

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Keil, Charles B. Mathematical models for estimating occupational exposure to chemicals. 2nd ed. Fairfax, VA: American Industrial Hygiene Association, 2009.

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Wackter, David. Evaluation of mobile source air quality simulation models. Research Triangle Park, NC: The Office, 1986.

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1936-, Zilitinkevich S. S., and Fedorovich E. E, eds. Modeling air-lake interaction: Physical background. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Lipska, Barbara. Kontrola jakości numerycznego modelowania przepływu powietrza w pomieszczeniach wentylowanych. Gliwice: Wydawn. Politechniki Śląskiej, 2006.

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Rao, K. Shankar. User's guide for PEM-2: Pollution episodic model (version 2). Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Ku, Jia-Yeong. Evaluation of the PEM-2 using the 1982 Philadelphia aerosol field study base. Silver Spring, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Air masses Mathematical models"

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Hritonenko, Natali, and Yuri Yatsenko. "Models of Air Pollution Propagation." In Mathematical Modeling in Economics, Ecology and the Environment, 179–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9311-2_8.

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Hachikyan, Pavel Pavlovich. "Mathematical Models of Increase in System Effectiveness of Anti-terrorist Safety of Airline." In Countering Air Terrorism, 43–68. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6172-4_3.

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Zlatev, Zahari. "Mathematical Models for Studying the Long-Range Transport of Air Pollutants." In Computer Treatment of Large Air Pollution Models, 21–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0311-4_2.

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Klimova, E. G. "Estimation of a State of an Environment by the Use of the Observations and Mathematical Models." In Air Pollution Processes in Regional Scale, 185–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1071-9_20.

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Pop, Traian, and Livia-Mihaela Pop. "Researches on Dispersion of the Pollutants Emitted into the Atmosphere from a Nuclear Power Plant Under Rugged Conditions in View of Validating Varied Mathematical Models." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application X, 639–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1817-4_83.

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Larin, Oleg, Alexander Bokov, and Nikolay Goryaev. "Mathematical Models of the Process of Air Removal from the Airtight Transport Pipeline During Vehicle Movement." In VIII International Scientific Siberian Transport Forum, 747–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37916-2_73.

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Tirabassi, Tiziano. "Mathematical Air Pollution Models." In Air Pollution and Turbulence, 131–55. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439847121-c5.

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Tirabassi, Tiziano. "Mathematical Air Pollution Models: Eulerian Models." In Air Pollution and Turbulence, 131–56. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439847121-5.

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Goyal, P., and Anikender Kumar. "Mathematical Modeling of Air Pollutants: An Application to Indian Urban City." In Air Quality-Models and Applications. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/16840.

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Suthar, Ankush H., and Purvi M. Pandya. "Controlling Asthma Due to Air Pollution." In Mathematical Models of Infectious Diseases and Social Issues, 1–22. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3741-1.ch001.

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The health of our respiratory systems is directly affected by the atmosphere. Nowadays, eruption of respiratory disease and malfunctioning of lung due to the presence of harmful particles in the air is one of the most sever challenge. In this chapter, association between air pollution-related respiratory diseases, namely dyspnea, cough, and asthma, is analysed by constructing a mathematical model. Local and global stability of the equilibrium points is proved. Optimal control theory is applied in the model to optimize stability of the model. Applied optimal control theory contains four control variables, among which first control helps to reduce number of individuals who are exposed to air pollutants and the remaining three controls help to reduce the spread and exacerbation of asthma. The positive impact of controls on the model and intensity of asthma under the influence of dyspnea and cough is observed graphically by simulating the model.
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Conference papers on the topic "Air masses Mathematical models"

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Fa¨lt, Martin, and Ron Zevenhoven. "Radiative Cooling in Northern Europe Using a Roof Window." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90192.

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The design and performance of a triple glass window used as a roof component was analyzed in this paper. A mathematical model was set up for the component and weather data for the Finnish city Helsinki was used to assess its performance. This roof component would act as a passive radiative cooler during the summer and as a thermal insulator during the rest of the year. This versatile usage of the window component would thus decrease the need for traditional air-conditioning during summer and hence save electricity. The triple glass window would consist of one normal silica window and of two High Density Polyethylene (HPDE) windows. The space between the three windows would contain a (pressurized) greenhouse gas that would act as the heat carrier in this system. The heat would be transferred in to the system to the gas by heat radiation, conduction and natural convection through the window facing the room. This heated gas would then rise to the upper vacant space due to a decrease in the gases density caused by the heating. In the upper vacant part, the gas would then be cooled by radiative cooling through the HDPE, and the atmospheric window with colder air masses in the upper atmosphere. When, the greenhouse gas would have cooled down its density would increase and the gas would drop to the lower part of the window component. During times when no cooling would be needed the connection between the two vacant spaces would be cut, thus changing the roof components’ task from a passive radiative cooler to a thermal insulator. The heating of the space due to sunshine is of course evident and lower temperatures would be achieved if no window at all be used, but for places were roof windows are built this component would offer a viable alternative. This paper is a continuation to the paper by Zevenhoven and Fa¨lt submitted to this conference (1).
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Bracco, S., O. Caligaris, and A. Trucco. "Mathematical models of air-cooled condensers for thermoelectric units." In ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/esu090351.

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Yang, Y. G., W. Zhang, and G. Yang. "Mathematical Models for Controlling Wetted Soil Masses Forming under the Practice of Water Added Corn seeding." In International Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Applications. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cisia-15.2015.204.

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Elmarakbi, Ahmed M. "Development of Mathematical Models for Evaluating Child Occupant Impact Dynamics and Intrusions of the Vehicle Structure." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67169.

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Two mathematical models are developed and analyzed in this paper to predict the dynamic response in vehicle crashes. The first model is developed to capture the front-end intrusion of the vehicle structure in frontal collision. The second model is proposed to define the interaction between the child occupant and vehicle passenger compartment and to predict the acceleration injuries during a sudden impulse load. In these mathematical models, the bumper and vehicle body are defined by lumped masses and longitudinal rails of the front-end structure are defined by plastic springs. Moreover, the child occupants are considered as lumped masses, connected to the child seat and vehicle body masses by means of restraint systems. The occupant restraint characteristics of seat belt are represented by stiffness and damping elements. To obtain the dynamic response of the occupant, the equations of motion of the vehicle impact system in both full and offset scenarios are developed and analytically solved using Incremental Harmonic Balance Method (IHBM). The injury criteria, child’s acceleration and vehicle’s font-end deformation, are used to interpret the results. It is demonstrated from the simulations that the dynamic response and injury criteria are easily captured and analyzed. It is also shown that the mathematical models are flexible, useful in optimization studies and it can be used at initial design stage.
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Guarnaccia, Claudio, Julia Griselda Ceron Breton, Rosa Maria Ceron Breton, Carmine Tepedino, Joseph Quartieri, and Nikos E. Mastorakis. "ARIMA models application to air pollution data in Monterrey, Mexico." In MATHEMATICAL METHODS AND COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING II. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5045447.

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Kolesov, D. A. "Nonlinear Mathematical Models of Metamaterials Defined as “Mass-in-Mass” and “Damper-in-Mass” Chains." In Modern Trends in Manufacturing Technologies and Equipment. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901755-65.

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Abstract. To describe dynamic processes in an acoustic (mechanical) metamaterial, there are proposed models that are a one-dimensional chain containing the same masses connected by linearly elastic (or nonlinearly elastic) elements (springs) with the same stiffness. In this case, it is assumed that each mass contains inside itself a series connection of another mass and an elastic element or viscous element (damper).
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Zgodavova, Zuzana. "APPLICATION OF SPATIAL DATA AND MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS OR THEIR COMPONENTS FOR AIR CARRIERS." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/2.1/s08.099.

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Hills, Nicholas J., John W. Chew, and Alan B. Turner. "Computational and Mathematical Modelling of Turbine Rim Seal Ingestion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0204.

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Understanding and modelling of main annulus gas ingestion through turbine rim seals is considered and advanced in this paper. Unsteady 3-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations and results from a more elementary model are presented and compared with experimental data previously published by Hills et al (1997). The most complete CFD model presented includes both stator and rotor in the main annulus and the inter-disc cavity. The k-ε model of turbulence with standard wall function approximations is assumed in the model which was constructed in a commercial CFD code employing a pressure correction solution algorithm. It is shown that considerable care is needed to ensure convergence of the CFD model to a periodic solution. Compared to previous models, results from the CFD model show encouraging agreement with pressure and gas concentration measurements. The annulus gas ingestion is shown to result from a combination of the stationary and rotating circumferential pressure asymmetries in the annulus. Inertial effects associated with the circumferential velocity component of the flow have an important effect on the degree of ingestion. The elementary model used is an extension of earlier models based on orifice theory applied locally around the rim seal circumference. The new model includes a term accounting for inertial effects. Some good qualitative and fair quantitative agreement with data is shown.
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Stamatis, A., Ph Kamboukos, N. Aretakis, and K. Mathioudakis. "On Board Adaptive Models: A General Framework and Implementation Aspects." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30622.

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The principles on which an adaptive engine performance model is based are first discussed. The mathematical ways of matching given performance data are presented and their implications for practical implementation are discussed. The consequences of using a number of measurements equal or fewer than the number of adapting parameters are analysed. The numerical behaviour of an adaptive model is also discussed. Solution methods based on non-linear system solvers are compared to methods using optimisation techniques. Execution time requirements are also discussed for the different approaches and implications for possible on-line or off-line applications are evaluated.
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Stegou-Sagia, A., and D. V. Fragkou. "Influence of Drying Conditions and Mathematical Models on the Thin-Layer Drying of Mushrooms." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20554.

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In the present research, experimental data from several studies about drying behavior of mushrooms have been selected and used to compare different drying methods and different mathematical thin layer drying models to simulate mushroom drying rates. The white button (Agaricus Bisporus), the oyster (Pleurotus Ostreatus) and the milky mushroom slices have been considered for drying in different dryers such as hot air cabinet dryer and fluidized bed dryer with different slice thicknesses, drying air temperatures (45 °C to 90 °C) and drying air velocities (0.2 m/s to 5 m/s). The entire drying process has taken place in the falling rate period, assuming that internal mass transfer occurred by diffusion in mushroom slices. The study shows that the drying air temperature and the drying air velocity have an effect on the moisture removal from mushrooms and also on the drying time. Mathematical models have been proved to be useful for design and analysis of heat and mass transfer during drying processes. All the drying models considered in this study could adequately represent the thin layer drying behavior of mushrooms. Furthermore, as it is obvious, any type of mushrooms has its own most suitable model.
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Reports on the topic "Air masses Mathematical models"

1

Tanny, Josef, Gabriel Katul, Shabtai Cohen, and Meir Teitel. Micrometeorological methods for inferring whole canopy evapotranspiration in large agricultural structures: measurements and modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594402.bard.

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Original objectives and revisions The original objectives as stated in the approved proposal were: (1) To establish guidelines for the use of micrometeorological techniques as accurate, reliable and low-cost tools for continuous monitoring of whole canopy ET of common crops grown in large agricultural structures. (2) To adapt existing methods for protected cultivation environments. (3) To combine previously derived theoretical models of air flow and scalar fluxes in large agricultural structures (an outcome of our previous BARD project) with ET data derived from application of turbulent transport techniques for different crops and structure types. All the objectives have been successfully addressed. The study was focused on both screenhouses and naturally ventilated greenhouses, and all proposed methods were examined. Background to the topic Our previous BARD project established that the eddy covariance (EC) technique is suitable for whole canopy evapotranspiration measurements in large agricultural screenhouses. Nevertheless, the eddy covariance technique remains difficult to apply in the farm due to costs, operational complexity, and post-processing of data – thereby inviting alternative techniques to be developed. The subject of this project was: 1) the evaluation of four turbulent transport (TT) techniques, namely, Surface Renewal (SR), Flux-Variance (FV), Half-order Time Derivative (HTD) and Bowen Ratio (BR), whose instrumentation needs and operational demands are not as elaborate as the EC, to estimate evapotranspiration within large agricultural structures; and 2) the development of mathematical models able to predict water savings and account for the external environmental conditions, physiological properties of the plant, and structure properties as well as to evaluate the necessary micrometeorological conditions for utilizing the above turbulent transfer methods in such protected environments. Major conclusions and achievements The major conclusions are: (i) the SR and FV techniques were suitable for reliable estimates of ET in shading and insect-proof screenhouses; (ii) The BR technique was reliable in shading screenhouses; (iii) HTD provided reasonable results in the shading and insect proof screenhouses; (iv) Quality control analysis of the EC method showed that conditions in the shading and insect proof screenhouses were reasonable for flux measurements. However, in the plastic covered greenhouse energy balance closure was poor. Therefore, the alternative methods could not be analyzed in the greenhouse; (v) A multi-layered flux footprint model was developed for a ‘generic’ crop canopy situated within a protected environment such as a large screenhouse. The new model accounts for the vertically distributed sources and sinks within the canopy volume as well as for modifications introduced by the screen on the flow field and microenvironment. The effect of the screen on fetch as a function of its relative height above the canopy is then studied for the first time and compared to the case where the screen is absent. The model calculations agreed with field experiments based on EC measurements from two screenhouse experiments. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The study established for the first time, both experimentally and theoretically, the use of four simple TT techniques for ET estimates within large agricultural screenhouses. Such measurements, along with reliable theoretical models, will enable the future development of lowcost ET monitoring system which will be attainable for day-to-day use by growers in improving irrigation management.
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