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Academic literature on the topic 'AIR DBT'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 October 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "AIR DBT"

1

Göritz, Stefan, Helmut Schelkle, Joachim-Gerd Rein, and Simon Urbanek. "Dynamic bubble trap can replace an arterial filter during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery." Perfusion 21, no. 6 (November 2006): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659106070564.

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Objective: The arterial filter (AF) and the dynamic bubble trap (DBT) reduce the number of air microbubbles passing through these devices. The aim of the study was to confirm that the DBT diminishes microbubbles in the arterial line similar to, or better than, the AF, and can replace it. Methods: In a clinical study, we evaluated 60 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, divided into two groups (30 patients each). In the first group, we used an open extracorporeal system, and in the second group, a closed system. For 15 patients in each group, the AF was incorporated, the other 15 patients received the DBT. The microbubbles were counted before and after the AF or DBT, using two-channel-ultrasonic Doppler devices. Results: The exposure of patients to small bubbles (<45μm) is significantly higher in the AF than in the DBT group. The DBT reduces large bubbles (<45μm) better than the AF, with a rate exceeding 16%. Conclusion: The use of the DBT instead of the AF yields higher air micro-bubble removal efficacy, allowing replacement of the AF, assuming the AF is used for air removal purpose only.

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2

Scho¨nburg, Markus, Petr Urbanek, Gunther Erhardt, Uwe Taborski, Hans Plechinger, Stefan Hein, Michael Roth, and Wolf-Peter Klo¨vekorn. "A Dynamic Bubble Trap Reduces Microbubbles During Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Case Study." Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology 32, no. 3 (September 2000): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ject/2000323165.

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Microemboli passing to the cerebral circulation during cardiopulmonary bypass can contribute to postoperative neurologic dysfunction. Many studies conclude that air microbubbles predominantly are responsible for this problem. A dynamic bubble trap (DBT) was developed to diminish the number of microbubbles in the arterial line of extracorporeal circulation. The DBT is able to substantially reduce the number of air microbubbles, as shown in two patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, where a high number of microbubbles was assessed. Although a 40-µm arterial filter was used, many bubbles larger than 40 µm occurred in the arterial line. The DBT reduced the number of large microbubbles from 2,267 to 67 in patient 1 and from 897 to 61 in patient 2.

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3

Gunam, Ida Bagus Wayan, Teruo Sone, and Kozo Asano. "Biodesulfurization of the mixture of dibenzothiophene and its alkylated derivatives by Sphingomonas subarctica T7b." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.62584.

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Organosulfur compounds classified as dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) and their derivatives are contained in petroleum. When used as fuel, these substances release SOx emissions, thus contributing to air pollution, acid rain, and climate change. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the content of these organic sulfur compounds in fuels and one way to achieve this is through bacterial desulfurization. This study reports the biodesulfurization process of a mixture of DBT, 4-hexyl DBT, 4,6-dibutyl DBT, and various organosulfur compounds in light gas oil (LGO). The experiment was conducted by treating 1 mL of aromatic organosulfur compounds with 100 mg/L in \textit{n}-tetradecane or 1 mL LGO with 5 mL mineral salts in sulfur-free medium, incubated at 27 °C for 5 days with shaking at 273 rpm. Gas chromatography analyses revealed that the growing Sphingomonas subarctica T7b cells desulfurized and converted 88.29% of DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl as a metabolite while a mixture of DBT and 4,6-dibutyl DBT was desulfurized at 86.40\% and 7.00%, respectively. Furthermore, the mixture of DBT, 4-hexyl DBT, and 4,6-dibutyl DBT had a desulfurization percentage of 84.40%, 41.00%, and 6.66%, respectively, after five days of incubation. The compounds were observed to desulfurize slightly better as single compounds compared to when mixed with other aromatic sulfur compounds.

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4

Ghubayra, Reem, Rachel Hindle, Rana Yahya, Elena F. Kozhevnikova, and Ivan V. Kozhevnikov. "Aerobic Oxidative Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel Catalyzed by P–Mo–V Heteropoly Acids in the Presence of Aldehyde." Catalysts 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11080988.

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Aerobic oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of model liquid fuel (dodecane spiked with dibenzothiophene (DBT)) was carried out in the presence of bulk and supported Keggin-type heteropoly acids H3+nPMo12-nVnO40 (HPA-n, n = 0–3) as heterogeneous catalysts and benzaldehyde as a sacrificial reductant. In the presence of bulk H4PMo11VO40 (HPA-1), 100% of DBT was removed from fuel (converted to DBT sulfone) at 60 °C and ambient air pressure. Multiple catalyst reuse without loss of activity was demonstrated. The ODS reaction was strongly inhibited by radical scavengers. An unbranched radical chain mechanism was proposed.

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5

Taleb, Abbas Magid, and Mohammed Abdulraouf Nima. "Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of Aluminum Foil Coated with Polyester in a Direct Evaporative Cooling System." Journal of Engineering 27, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2021.04.01.

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An experimental study was carried out for an evaporative cooling system in order to investigate the effect of using an aluminum pad coated with fabric polyester. In the present work, it was considered to use a new different type of cooling medium and test its performance during the change in the wet-bulb temperature and dry-bulb temperature of the supply air outside of the pad, the relative humidity of the supply air, the amount of air supplied (300-600) CFM and also the change of the amount of circulated water (1.75, 2.5, 4.5) liter per minute. A decrease in the WBT of the air was obtained, whereas the WBT of the air entering the pad was 26.5 . In contrast, the WBT of the outside air had reached 23 even though evaporative cooling is an adiabatic process which makes the WBT of the air that comes out of the pad is equal to the entering air WBT. The decrease in DBT is by changing the amount of air and water passing through the aluminum pad, whereas the DBT of the air entering the pad was 45 , while the DBT of the outside air had reached 29 . Also, an essential thing was obtained as this rise in the relative humidity of the air is very small 57%RH compared to the conventional pads, and this gives a positive impression as the air supplied from this pad has less moisture and its ability to carry moisture is much higher than that of air supplied from other pads. This gives a positive impression because the air supplied from this pad has lower humidity and its ability to hold moisture much higher than the air supplied from other traditional pads.

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Esparza-López, Carlos J., Carlos Escobar-del Pozo, Karam M. Al-Obaidi, and Marcos Eduardo González-Trevizo. "Improving the Thermal Performance of Indirect Evaporative Cooling by Using a Wet Fabric Device on a Concrete Roof in Hot and Humid Climates." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 2213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062213.

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This study investigated an indirect evaporative cooling system (IECS) to control latent heat loss on roof ponds by increasing the evaporation rates on wet fabric membranes. The cooling potential of the proposed system was experimentally tested in a real environment and it was compared against a roof pond and a floating fiber (gunny bags) to provide an efficient model for buildings in hot and humid climates. Dry bulb temperatures (DBT) are presented for four experimental models. Solar irradiance, ambient and indoor dry bulb temperatures, and relative humidity (RH) were measured for seven days in each of the following climate conditions: hot sub-humid (mean DBT 27.3 °C and mean RH 72%), hot humid (mean DBT 27.1 °C and mean RH 81%), and warm sub-humid (mean DBT 25.2 °C and mean RH 68%). There were no significant variations in thermal performance between the examined devices under hot humid conditions; however, the wet fabric device had superior thermal performance under sub-humid conditions when compared to the other IECSs. In the three climatic scenarios where the proposed system was tested, the wet fabric managed to reduce the indoor air temperature by 6.6 °C, 5.3 °C, and 5.1 °C, respectively, as compared to the outdoor air temperatures.

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7

Cicilia, Siska, Eko Basuki, Agustono Prarudiyanto, Ahmad Alamsyah, and Dody Handito. "PENGARUH TEPUNG KENTANG HITAM SEBAGAI PENSUBSTITUSI TERIGU TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK DONAT." Pro Food 8, no. 1 (July 8, 2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/profood.v8i1.231.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik donat berbahan terigu yang disubstitusi dengan kentang hitam. Kentang hitam memiliki kandungan gizi yang cukup lengkap berupa karbohidrat, vitamin C, dan mineral. Penelitian menggunakan RAL satu faktor dan metode eksperimental. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah substitusi tepung terigu dengan tepung kentang hitam (D) yaitu DB1 (100%:0%), DB2(90%:10%), DB3 (80%:20%), DB4 (70%:30%), DB5 (60%:40%), dan DB6 (50%:50%). Parameter yang diamati berupa kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak, dan sifat sensoris. Data dianalisis dengan Anova pada taraf 5% dan diuji lanjut menggunakan Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin banyak substitusi terigu dengan kentang hitam menurunkan kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, dan tingkat kesukaan donat tetapi meningkatkan kadar lemak. Susbtitusi kentang hitam sebanyak 20% merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan karakteristik berupa kadar air 24,7%; kadar abu 1,9%; kadar protein 6,4%; kadar lemak 26,2% dan sifat sensoris yang dapat diterima oleh panelis.

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Varcoe, Joshua G., and Peter Barnes. "SCATTER RADIATION INTENSITIES IN HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL PLANES ABOUT DIGITAL BREAST TOMOSYNTHESIS SYSTEM." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 198, no. 1-2 (January 2022): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncab197.

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Abstract Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a main imaging modality for breast imaging. However, shielding calculations for DBT are commonly based on previous technology with softer beam spectra. In addition, shielding calculations often assume some patient attenuation is provided in locations to the posterior of the patient but without quantification of this attenuation. In this work, recent research in DBT shielding is validated by measuring scatter radiation in the vertical plane. It is also extended upon by measuring the scatter radiation in the horizontal plane and the effect of patient attenuation. These measurements are weighted by our local patient compressed breast thickness distribution to provide a simple scattering factor. Air kerma distributions are provided demonstrating the distribution of scatter radiation around the DBT system in the presence of patient body attenuation. The highest air kerma measured in any direction from a 4-view per patient screening tomosynthesis exam based on the local patient workload is 55 μGy at 1 m. This value can be used to conservatively treat the scatter radiation as an isotropic distribution for shielding assessments. This work is consistent with many recent publications, with the notable exception of the forward scattered peak which is smaller than previous studies. Under our locally encountered breast thickness distribution, the increased scatter radiation and consequent increased minimum shielding requirements is small in most cases. With 400 patients per week, the air kerma at 1 m is 22 mGy and, for a fully occupied public area 2 m away, this requires a gypsum plasterboard thickness of 18.0 mm which is 3.6 mm more than previous data suggests. Although the increase is minimal, standard manufacturing thicknesses of shielding material may not be automatically assumed to be sufficient and careful consideration of the scatter radiation is warranted.

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Cai, Yingjie, Hongyan Song, Zhe An, Xu Xiang, Xin Shu, and Jing He. "The confined space electron transfer in phosphotungstate intercalated ZnAl-LDHs enhances its photocatalytic performance for oxidation/extraction desulfurization of model oil in air." Green Chemistry 20, no. 24 (2018): 5509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc02284d.

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10

Barufaldi, Bruno, Jordy Gomes, Thais G. do Rego, Yuri Malheiros, Telmo M. Silva Filho, Lucas R. Borges, Raymond J. Acciavatti, Suleman Surti, and Andrew D. A. Maidment. "Impact of Tomosynthesis Acquisition on 3D Segmentations of Breast Outline and Adipose/Dense Tissue with AI: A Simulation-Based Study." Tomography 9, no. 4 (July 3, 2023): 1303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tomography9040103.

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Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) reconstructions introduce out-of-plane artifacts and false-tissue boundaries impacting the dense/adipose and breast outline (convex hull) segmentations. A virtual clinical trial method was proposed to segment both the breast tissues and the breast outline in DBT reconstructions. The DBT images of a representative population were simulated using three acquisition geometries: a left–right scan (conventional, I), a two-directional scan in the shape of a “T” (II), and an extra-wide range (XWR, III) left–right scan at a six-times higher dose than I. The nnU-Net was modified including two losses for segmentation: (1) tissues and (2) breast outline. The impact of loss (1) and the combination of loss (1) and (2) was evaluated using models trained with data simulating geometry I. The impact of the geometry was evaluated using the combined loss (1&2). The loss (1&2) improved the convex hull estimates, resolving 22.2% of the false classification of air voxels. Geometry II was superior to I and III, resolving 99.1% and 96.8% of the false classification of air voxels. Geometry III (Dice = (0.98, 0.94)) was superior to I (0.92, 0.78) and II (0.93, 0.74) for the tissue segmentation (adipose, dense, respectively). Thus, the loss (1&2) provided better segmentation, and geometries T and XWR improved the dense/adipose and breast outline segmentations relative to the conventional scan.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AIR DBT"

1

Marsik, Tomas. "Developing computer models to study the effect of outdoor air quality on indoor air for the purpose of enhancing indoor air quality." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3286622.

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Yuan, Zibing. "Analyses of atmospheric pollutants in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta by observation-based methods." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3245376.

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Howanitz, Jason Edward. "Evaluation of commuter air quality." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010r/howanitz.pdf.

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4

Ma, Yiqiu. "Investigation of chemical components, sources, and dithiothreitol (DTT) based oxidative potential of PM2.5 and its humic-like substances (HULIS) fraction." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/810.

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Air pollution caused by ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is a significant global environmental problem. Pollutants that adhere to PM 2.5 may be transported into human respiratory system and perturb the redox equilibrium through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus leading to myriad health effects. This mechanism has been proposed to be related with the high redox-active components in PM 2.5, such as transition metals, quinones, and humic-like substances (HULIS). This thesis aims to improve the scientific understanding on the sources and health impacts of PM 2.5 especially its HULIS fraction. Thus, both chemical characterization and redox activity measurement of ambient PM 2.5 samples were conducted. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was then performed to apportion the source-specific contributions to PM 2.5 and its oxidative potential. The HULIS fraction of PM 2.5 was also quantified and source apportioned regarding their mass concentration and oxidative potential. The main findings are summarized below: (1) In Chapter 2, 66 PM 2.5 samples collected in Hong Kong during 2016-2017 were analyzed, including carbonaceous components, major ions, metals, and some source markers. The oxidative potential of PM 2.5 were measured using dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Results showed clear temporal trends for both PM 2.5 mass concentration and its major fraction, with higher levels observed on days under regional pollution than on days under long range transport (LRT) pollution and local emissions. The DTT consumption of PM 2.5 on the contrary, only showed slightly higher activity on regional and LRT days than on local days, possibly due to the comprehensive effects of different sources and species concentrations under different sampling days. We then conducted source apportionment using PMF model. Five primary sources (i.e. marine vessels, Cu-related source, Fe-Mn-Zn-related source, vehicle emissions, biomass burning) and one secondary source were resolved for both PM 2.5 mass concentration and DTT activity. Secondary formation was found to be the most significant source responsible for PM 2.5 mass concentration (30.3%), followed by Cu- related source (24.8%), marine vessels (17.9%) and vehicle emissions (14.5%). Biomass burning (6.8%) and Fe-Mn-Zn-related source (5.8%) were two minor sources contributing to PM 2.5 mass concentration. For oxidative potential of PM 2.5, Cu- related source was the predominant contributor (39.1%). Secondary formation (23.7%) and marine vessels (20.1%) were also two significant sources responsible for the DTT consumption of PM 2.5 . For intrinsic oxidative potential, PM 2.5 emitted from marine vessels and Cu-related source showed highest value, indicating more toxic feature of PM 2.5 derived from those sources regarding DTT activity. (2) In Chapter 3 and 4, the mass concentration, optical properties, and ROS- generation potential of HULIS were investigated in PM 2.5 samples collected in Hong Kong during 2011-2012. They all showed higher levels on regional days than on LRT days and local days. PMF analysis was conducted regarding the mass concentration and ROS activity of HUILS. Six sources were determined, including four primary sources (i.e. marine vessels, vehicle emissions, industrial exhaust, and biomass burning) and two secondary sources (i.e. secondary organic aerosol formation and secondary sulfate). Most sources showed higher contributions to both mass concentrations and DTT activity of HULIS on regional days than on LRT and local days, except that marine vessels had a higher contribution on local days than the other two synoptic conditions. Secondary processes were the major contributor to HULIS (54.9%) throughout the year, followed by biomass burning (27.4%) and industrial exhaust (14.7%). As or the DTT activity of HULIS, biomass burning (62.9%) and secondary processes (25.4%) were found to be the top two contributors. Intrinsic ROS-generation potential of HULIS was also investigated by normalizing the DTT activity by HULIS mass in each source. HULIS from biomass burning were the most DTT-active, followed by marine vessels; while HULIS formed through secondary processes were the least DTT-active. For the optical properties of HULIS, multiple linear regression model was adopted to evaluate the contributions of various sources to the light absorbing ability of HULIS. Biomass burning was found to be the only source significantly associated with the light absorbing property of HULIS. In Chapter 5 and 6, the predominant species of water-soluble fraction of PM 2.5, HULIS, were measured in samples collected in Beijing from 2011 to 2012. Various HULIS species, and the redox activity of HULIS were quantified together with certain source markers of PM 2.5. HULIS and their redox activity showed similar temporal trend, with higher levels measured during the heating season (November to March) than during the non-heating season (April to October). Source apportionment of both HULIS and their redox activity was performed using PMF. Four combustion-related primary sources, namely coal combustion, biomass burning, waste incineration, and vehicle exhaust, and one secondary factor were resolved. In particular, waste incineration was identified as a source of HULIS for the first time. Biomass burning and secondary aerosol formation were the major contributors (>59%) to both HULIS and associated DTT activity throughout the year. During the non-heating season, secondary aerosol formation was the most important source, whereas during the heating season, the predominant contributor was biomass burning. The four combustion-related sources accounted for about 70% of HULIS and their ROS activity, implying that future reduction in PM 2.5 emissions from combustion activities can substantially reduce the HULIS burden and their potential health impact in Beijing.

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5

Huang, Pong-Lai. "Modelling of air quality in street canyons /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202003%20HUANG.

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6

Leone, Andrea D. "Enantiomeric composition of Chiral pesticides in soil and air from the U.S. cornbelt region." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu997192215.

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7

Zusman, Eric Gregory. "The limits to access an institutional explanation for why air pollution regulations vary in East Asia's rapidly industrializing states /." Diss., online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3257247.

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Chan, Ka Fai. "Different statistical methods to predict sulfur dioxide concentration and ozone concentration at Tung Chung /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202005%20CHAN.

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Wan, Man Pun. "Comparison of underfloor ventilation systems and ceiling based ventilation system in thermal comfort and indoor air quality aspects /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202002%20WAN.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-63). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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Lo, Chi On. "Time-based source apportionment of air pollutants for Hong Kong /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202007%20LO.

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Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2007.
M.Phil. in Atmospheric Environmental Science. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-83). Also available in electronic version.

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Books on the topic "AIR DBT"

1

Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Lake magic. New York: Berkley Sensation, 2010.

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United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Civil Rights and United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Highway Operations, eds. Disadvantaged Business Enterprise, DBE program administration manual. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1990.

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Kasseb, Paulo Fernando. Mirage III, EBR/DBR na Força Aérea Brasileira-F.A.B.: Antecedentes e legados = Mirage III, EBR/DBR in the Brazilian Air Force : background and legacy. Guarulhos, São Paulo: ZLC, 2008.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Executive Air Charter, Inc., dba American Eagle, Flight 5452, CASA C-212, N432CA, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, May 8, 1987. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1988.

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Powell, Robert. Debt relief, additionality, and aid allocation in low-income countries. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, African Department, 2003.

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Arslanalp, Serkan. Helping the poor to help themselves: Debt relief or aid. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Arslanalp, Serkan. Helping the poor to help themselves: Debt relief or aid. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Corporation, Decision Resources. Debt burden facing college graduates. Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Planning, Budget & Evaluation, 1991.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Fischer Bros. Aviation, Inc., dba Northwest Airlink, Flight 2268, Construcciones Aeronauticas, S.A. (CASA), C-212-CC, N160FB, Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, Romulus, Michigan, March 4, 1987. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1988.

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1959-, Klein R., and Rehm Werner, eds. Models and criteria for prediction of deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) in hydrogen-air-steam systems under severe accident conditions. Jülich: ForsForschungszentrum Jülich, Zentralbibliothek, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "AIR DBT"

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Michalopoulos, Constantine. "Debt and Adjustment: Muddling Through." In Aid, Trade and Development, 53–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65861-2_4.

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Michalopoulos, Constantine. "Debt and Adjustment: Muddling Through." In Aid, Trade and Development, 55–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96036-0_4.

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Singer, H. W. "Food Aid and Structural Adjustment Lending." In Economic Development and World Debt, 239–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20044-3_19.

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Kanbur, Ravi. "Aid and Debt Conditionality as Restraints." In Investment and Risk in Africa, 308–22. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15068-7_12.

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Thirlwall, A. P. "Foreign Assistance, Aid, Debt and Development." In Economics of Development, 437–97. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34440-2_14.

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Watkins, Kevin. "6. Aid, debt, and development finance." In The Oxfam Poverty Report, 171–215. UK and Ireland: Oxfam Publishing, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9780855988128.006.

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Lockwood, Matthew. "4 Aid, debt relief and conditionality." In The State They’re In, 47–64. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440385.004.

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Thirlwall, A. P., and Penélope Pacheco-López. "Foreign Assistance, Aid, Debt and Development." In Economics of Development, 415–70. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57795-5_14.

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Khan, Shahrukh Rafi. "Structural Adjustment, Aid, Debt and Growth." In Do World Bank and IMF Policies Work?, 15–31. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230373259_2.

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Onyeiwu, Steve. "Aid, Debt, and Foreign Direct Investment." In Emerging Issues in Contemporary African Economies, 173–98. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137400802_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "AIR DBT"

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Lucarelli, Caio de Carvalho, Matheus Menezes Oliveira, and Joyce Correna Carlo. "Thermal calibration of an existing institutional building." In XIX ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA DO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO. UFRGS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/entac.v19i1.1961.

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Building performance simulation (BPS) exhibits an interplay of various physical parameters, only portraying limited building fundamental characteristics. Therefore, BPS calibration can increase simulation accuracy and better depict the physical space. We aimed to calibrate/validate an institutional building model in Viçosa-MG, testing parallel and serial uncertainty procedures. We conducted a manual/statistic hygrothermal calibration using surveyed indoor/outdoor air dry-bulb temperature (DBT) and relative humidity (RH). We evaluated site-specific weather files and compared simulation outputs and measured data using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). As a result, the validated model presented 0.56°C to 0.85°C DBT discrepancies and 3.10% to 5.90% RH differences.

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Goswami, D. Y., G. D. Mathur, S. Gupta, and W. Kuo. "Performance Evaluation of a Heat Pump System With Near Azeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures of R-32, R-125, and R-134a." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0262.

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Abstract Tests were conducted at the University of Florida’s Solar Energy and Energy Conversion Laboratory (SEECL) for evaluation of the performance of a residential 3 ton split unitary heat pump system with near azeotropic refrigerant mixture. The performance of the heat pump system was tested in accordance with the ARI Standard 210/240 (ARI 1989) and ANSI/ASHRAE-37-1988 for testing unitary equipment. ASHRAE’s “Air Enthalpy Method” was used to determine the performance of heat pump system and ASHRAE’s condition “A” [Outside 95°F DBT/75°F WBT; Inside 80°F DBT/67°F WBT1 was maintained for the tests. Initial base line tests were conducted on the system with R-22 with an orifice for expansion. The system was then tested with near azeotropic refrigerant mixture of R-32 (30%)/R-125(10%)/R-134a(60%). The subcooling and superheat at ASHRAE condition “A” were matched with the base case with R-22. The performance of the system with the refrigerant mixtures of R-32/R-125/R-134a was lower by approximately 4–5% in comparison to the base case with R-22.

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Hu, Hongbin, Gang Xu, Aibing Fang, and Weiguang Huang. "Non-Equilibrium Plasma Assisted Combustion of Low BTU Fuels." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22053.

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This paper presents preliminary experimental results of non-equilibrium plasma assisted combustion of low BTU fuels. The air flow and the fuel flow are separated by two co-axial tubes in which the air flow is excited by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. A non-premixed simple jet flame is observed immediately when the DBD plasma-excited air flow mixed with the fuel flow. The measurements of the flame indicate that addition of a very small amount of energy in the form of DBD plasma can provide self-ignition in harsher conditions in contrast to usual spark ignition, and significantly improve the flame stability and combustion efficiency. The results also show that the effect of DBD plasma on the flame is most efficient in combustion at low equivalence ratios, and the chemical reactions can even occur at the equivalence ratios well below the lean flammability limit.

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Yamasaki, Nobuhiko, Masaaki Hamabe, and Masanobu Namba. "Unsteady Aerodynamic Forces on Vibrating Annular Cascade Blades: Cross-Validation of the Linear Unsteady CFD Calculations Using the TVD Scheme and the Double Linearization Theory." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30307.

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The paper presents the formulation to compute numerically the unsteady aerodynamic forces on the vibrating annular cascade blades. The formulation is based on the finite volume method, the type, and the TVD scheme, following the UPACS code developed by NAL, Japan. By applying the TVD scheme to the linear unsteady calculations, the precise calculation of the peak of unsteady aerodynamic forces at the shock wave location like the delta function singularity becomes possible without empirical constants. As a further feature of the present paper, results of the present numerical calculation are compared with those of the double linearization theory (DLT), which assumes small unsteady and steady disturbances but the unsteady disturbances are much smaller than the steady disturbances. Since DLT requires far less computational resources than the present numerical calculation, the validation of DLT is quite important from the engineering point of view. Under the conditions of small steady disturbances, a good agreement between these two results is observed, so that the two codes are cross-validated. The comparison also reveals the limitation on the applicability of DLT.

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Zhang, Cheng, Tao Shao, Kaihua Long, Dongjue Wang, Da Xing, Dongdong Zhang, Jue Wang, and Ping Yan. "Repetitive unipolar nanosecond-pulse DBD in atmospheric air." In 2009 IEEE 9th International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (ICPADM). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpadm.2009.5252349.

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Shiyou, Xu, and Chen Zengping. "Feasibility of DBS Signal for Air/Space Surveillance." In 2006 CIE International Conference on Radar. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icr.2006.343401.

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Durkt, George. "Reducing the Noise Generated During Air-Arc Gouging Can Be as Simple as Flipping a Switch." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12830.

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The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) has been evaluating the job/task of air-arc gouging performed by mine shop welders. Air-arc gouging is the process of melting an old weld with a carbon based electrode (rod) and blowing the molten metal away with compressed air. Noise levels of 115 dBA or higher can be generated in this process. Three acoustical field evaluations were conducted at mine shops comparing both Constant Current (CC) and Constant Voltage (CV) techniques for air-arc gouging. The results indicate that by using the CV technique, the average overall A-Weighted Sound Pressure Level (SPLA) was reduced by as much as 8 dBA from an average of 117.6 dBA to 109.3 dBA. As might be expected, dosimeter results indicated that the rate of noise accumulation was also reduced utilizing the CV technique. The average accumulation rate decreased from 4.5 percent Dose per minute for CC at varying air pressures to 2.0 percent Dose per minute for CV at 80 psig.

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Tesoi, D., D.-E. Cretu, O. Beniuga, R. Burlica, D. Astanei, and M. Olariu. "DBD Plasma in Air Reactor for Polymeric Surfaces Treatment." In 2020 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical And Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe50722.2020.9305586.

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Zaidi, Sohail, Matthew Edwards, Dmitry Opatis, and Richard Miles. "DBD Surface Charge Measurements and Mitigation in Moving Air." In 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-156.

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Howell, James, Niranjan G. Humbad, Jeff Hargrove, and Robert A. Porada. "Flow Noise Predictions for Automotive Air Rush Noise." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1615.

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Abstract Noise from automotive air handling systems is an important issue for driver comfort. This study was undertaken to quantify the noise from the air handling system and to develop a predictive model for the noise level and spectrum at the drivers right ear location. Tests were conducted on six vehicles to develop the predictive model and then four more vehicles were tested and used to verify the prediction model. All vehicles tested were production level designs ranging from small economy cars to large luxury trucks. The study shows that the noise generated by the air handling system can be modeled with the parameters of static pressure across the blower (ΔP) and system air flow rate (Q). When the measured noise levels were compared to the predicted noise levels, there was a mean error of −0.03 dBA with a standard deviation of 1.31 dBA for all vehicles and for various modes of operation. This model can be used in the early stages of design using CFD/CAE analysis, or in evaluating the effects of design changes on the sound pressure level and spectrum.

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Reports on the topic "AIR DBT"

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Seery, Emma. 50 years of Broken Promises: The $5.7 trillion debt owed to the poorest people. Oxfam, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6737.

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This year marks an historic chapter in the story of international aid. On 24 October 2020, it will be 50 years since high-income countries committed to spending 0.7% of their gross national income (GNI) on aid to low- and middle-income countries. This paper examines how aid has helped to improve the wellbeing of people in low- and middle-income countries. It discusses how donors’ broken promises on the 0.7% target have limited the potential of aid to reduce poverty and inequality. Oxfam has calculated that in the 50 years since the 0.7% promise was made, high-income countries have failed to deliver a total of $5.7 trillion in aid. Finally, this paper reflects on the future of aid.

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Scott-Clayton, Judith, and Basit Zafar. Financial Aid, Debt Management, and Socioeconomic Outcomes: Post-College Effects of Merit-Based Aid. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22574.

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Dobrynin, Danil, and Alexander Fridman. Experimental Investigation of Nanosecond and Subnanosecond Pulsed DBD in Atmospheric Air: Fast Imaging and Spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1691468.

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Arslanalp, Serkan, and Peter Blair Henry. Helping the Poor to Help Themselves: Debt Relief or Aid. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10230.

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Islam, Wajid, and Junaid Ahmed. To Borrow or Not to Borrow: Empirical Evidence from the Public Debt Sustainability of Pakistan. Asian Development Bank Institute, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/mowj8135.

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We aim to evaluate the public debt sustainability of Pakistan using the debt sustainability analysis (DSA) framework and fiscal reaction function (FRF). For the empirical analysis, we use relevant important macroeconomic variables, such as public debt, external debt, primary balance, output growth, current account balance, and oil prices, over the period 1976–2021. The results of the DSA suggest that, at the 10% growth rate with a real interest rate lower than 10%, the public debt level can be brought under the 60% standard sustainable limit from the current 80% by the year 2030. Furthermore, the estimates of the FRF reveal no evidence of debt sustainability. Besides this, the COVID-19 pandemic is positively associated with the primary balance mainly due to the decrease in the primary balance from –3.5% in 2019 to –0.9% in 2020. This is expected as a large amount of debt relief was provided to Pakistan during this period. Overall, our findings indicate that, if the rapid debt accumulation trend continues, the country will be unable to bear such a hefty load of ballooning debt. Therefore, a strategy of continuing coordination of fiscal and monetary policy is crucial for robust growth momentum to keep the debt sustainable.

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Andrian, Leandro Gaston, Oscar Valencia, Jorge Hirs, and Ivan Leonardo Urrea Rios. Fiscal Rules and Economic Cycles: Quality (Always) Matters. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004570.

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Governments can issue public debt for both good and bad reasons. The former include intertemporal tax smoothing, fiscal stimulus, and asset management. In contrast, the bad reasons, which generate higher indebtedness, are mainly associated with political cycles, rent capture, intergenerational transfers, and common pool problems. Fiscal rules aim to eliminate the problem of time inconsistency of public finances and minimize debt accumulation by setting debt limits. Despite the theoretical relevance of fiscal rules and institutions to the proper management of fiscal processes in different countries, the evidence indicates mixed results regarding the effectiveness of this type of mechanism for fiscal performance. To understand the effect that fiscal rules have on public debt, this paper studies the effect of different types of rules on debt behavior and their differential effects with respect to the economic cycle. Using a dynamic panel, which enables us to control for endogeneity problems, and the use of a fiscal rule quality index (Schaechter et. al., 2012), this paper finds that fiscal rules only have a significant effect on the reduction of public debt during the positive side of the economic cycle if adequate institutional arrangements accompany them. Furthermore, only some types of fiscal rules (expenditure rules) show a significant effect during the negative part of the cycle. These results have relevant policy implications, as they underscore the importance of (1) developing institutional arrangements that promote the proper functioning of fiscal rules and (2) considering economic cycle asymmetries in order to ensure the appropriate operation of fiscal rules and the fulfillment of policy objectives.

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Turner, C. NZ8 SS Source Ar-Fill B-Dot Post-Simulations Z2751 Scaled Spectrum. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762949.

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Field, Erica. Educational Debt Burden and Career Choice: Evidence from a Financial Aid Experiment at NYU Law School. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12282.

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Maeresera, Eleanor, and Adrian Chikowore. Will the Cure Bankrupt Us? Official Development Assistance and the COVID-19 Response in Southern African Countries. Oxfam, AFRODAD, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.7130.

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Confirmed coronavirus cases in Africa in early November 2020 exceeded 1.8 million, with 45% occurring in Southern Africa (SAF). Most SAF countries lack the capacity to adequately protect lives and livelihoods. High indebtedness means underfunded essential services, and most countries had just emerged from a severe food crisis and the effects of Cyclone Idai. Donors must go beyond temporary debt service suspension and provide new aid grants. SAF governments must not use the pandemic to restrict civil society advocacy on behalf of the most vulnerable people.

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Moran, Traci L., Kayte M. Denslow, Michael R. Larche, and Samuel W. Glass. NDE Technology Development Program for Hanford DST Non-Visual Volumetric Inspection Technology – Phase II; Technical Letter Report on Air-slot NDE Sensor Maturation Testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1605746.

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