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Academic literature on the topic 'AIR COOLED BLAST'

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Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "AIR COOLED BLAST"

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Tole, Ilda, Magdalena Rajczakowska, Abeer Humad, Ankit Kothari, and Andrzej Cwirzen. "Geopolymer Based on Mechanically Activated Air-cooled Blast Furnace Slag." Materials 13, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051134.

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An efficient solution to increase the sustainability of building materials is to replace Portland cement with alkali-activated materials (AAM). Precursors for those systems are often based on water-cooled ground granulated blast furnace slags (GGBFS). Quenching of blast furnace slag can be done also by air but in that case, the final product is crystalline and with a very low reactivity. The present study aimed to evaluate the cementitious properties of a mechanically activated (MCA) air-cooled blast furnace slag (ACBFS) used as a precursor in sodium silicate alkali-activated systems. The unreactive ACBFS was processed in a planetary ball mill and its cementing performances were compared with an alkali-activated water-cooled GGBFS. Mixes based on mechanically activated ACBFS reached the 7-days compressive strength of 35 MPa and the 28-days compressive strength 45 MPa. The GGBFS-based samples showed generally higher compressive strength values.
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Ríos, José, Adelardo Vahí, Carlos Leiva, Antonio Martínez-De la Concha, and Héctor Cifuentes. "Analysis of the Utilization of Air-Cooled Blast Furnace Slag as Industrial Waste Aggregates in Self-Compacting Concrete." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 21, 2019): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061702.

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In this work, the effects of replacing the aggregates of self-compacting concrete by air-cooled blast furnace slag have been analysed. Different mixes have been manufactured by substituting the fine and coarse natural aggregates by air-cooled blast furnace slag. The fracture energy and the tensile and compressive strength have been determined for each mix. The self-compacting properties of the mixes, or the absence of them, have been observed. The main goals of this research are the decrease of the price of aggregates, reduction of the industrial waste, and attenuation the rate of consumption of natural resources. The results show that the self-compactability of the concrete is gradually lost as the slag content is increased, thus, when the ratio of replacement is low, the concrete keeps the self-compacting properties. Nevertheless, the loss of self-compaction affects the mechanical properties by increasing its strength. An air-cooled blast furnace slag did not present problems of heavy metals leaching.
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Kováč, Marek, and Alena Sicakova. "Influence of Aggregate and Binder Content on the Properties of Pervious Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 838 (April 2020): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.838.3.

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This study introduces the experiment based on following parameters: kind of aggregate (natural river gravel and air-cooled blast furnace slag), the aggregate gradation and content of binder. Main properties such as compressive strength, void content and hydraulic conductivity of pervious concrete were investigated in the experiment. The experiment showed satisfactory results in the case of pervious concrete made of natural aggregate. Results of pervious concrete made of air-cooled blast furnace slag aggregates are perspective, however needs for some optimizations. Results confirmed the opposite relationship between compressive strength and void content/hydraulic activity. ACBFS performs worse than NA as for compressive strength, while it performs better in the case of hydraulic conductivity and void content.
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Lee, Seung-Heun, Seol-Woo Park, Dong-Woo Yoo, and Dong-Hyun Kim. "Fluidity of Cement Paste with Air-Cooled Blast Furnace Slag." Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 51, no. 6 (November 30, 2014): 584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2014.51.6.584.

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Grubb, Dennis G., and Dusty R. V. Berggren. "Air-Cooled Blast Furnace Slag. I: Characterization and Leaching Context." Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste 22, no. 4 (October 2018): 04018030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hz.2153-5515.0000411.

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Ahn, Byung-Hwan, Su-Jin Lee, and Chan-Gi Park. "Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rural-Road Pavement Concrete in South Korea Containing Air-Cooled Blast-Furnace Slag Aggregates." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 5645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125645.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the physical and mechanical properties of pavement concrete for rural roads of South Korea made with air-cooled slag aggregate, which is an industrial byproduct. This study assessed the physical and chemical properties according to the following performance requirements based on the design criteria of the Korea Ministry of Agriculture’s Agricultural Production Infrastructure Maintenance Business Plan and the Korea Expressway Corporation’s Highway Construction Specialized Specifications: slump of 80 mm or greater, air content of 4.5 ± 1.5%, compressive strength of at least 21 MPa, splitting tensile strength of at least 4.2 MPa, and a chloride penetration resistance of less than 4000 C. The slump, air content, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and chloride ion permeability of the aggregate-containing concretes were measured. The air-cooled slag aggregates provided the necessary physical and chemical properties and presented no environmental issues. Furthermore, the slump and air content of concrete made with the aggregates met the target values. The slump decreased and the air content increased with increasing amounts of air-cooled slag aggregate. Mechanical testing of the concretes containing air-cooled slag aggregate established that they met the performance requirements for rural road pavement.
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Luna-Galiano, Yolanda, Carlos Leiva Fernández, Rosario Villegas Sánchez, and Constantino Fernández-Pereira. "Development of Geopolymer Mortars Using Air-Cooled Blast Furnace Slag and Biomass Bottom Ashes as Fine Aggregates." Processes 11, no. 6 (May 23, 2023): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11061597.

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The aim of this study is to compare the mechanical and physical properties of different geopolymer mortars made with granulated blast furnace slag as a geopolymer source material, NaOH (8 M) as the activating solution, and three different types of fine aggregates (air-cooled blast furnace slag, biomass bottom ashes, and silica sand). The samples were made with an aggregate/geopolymer ratio of 3/1, and physical (density and mercury intrusion porosimetry), mechanical (compressive and flexural strength), and acid attack resistance were determined. When air-cooled blast furnace slag is used, the mechanical and acid attack properties are improved compared with silica sand and biomass bottom ashes because of the existence of amorphous phases in this slag, which increase the geopolymer reaction rate despite the particle size being higher than other aggregates. It can be highlighted that the use of ACBFS as a fine aggregate in geopolymer mortars produces better properties than in cement Portland mortar.
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Nisa, Ambreen u. "Study on Properties of Concrete After Incorporating Waste Materials." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1110, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1110/1/012064.

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Abstract The effects of fly ash, Air Cooled Blast Furnace Slag (ACBFS), and silica fume on cement compressive strength are examined. The compressive strength of cement concrete is studied by the addition of fly ash, air-cooled blast furnace slag (ACBFS), and silica fume. The effect of fly ash, ACBFS, and silica fume on the compressive strength of concrete was investigated. The cement content of the concrete was reduced by 25%, 22.50%, 20%, and 17.50%, respectively; fly ash was used to replace 20%, 40%, and 60% of the coarse aggregate; and fly ash was partially replaced by 2.5%, 5%, and 7.50% of the cement content. Contrarily, fly ash was left out of the mixing process for M30. The compressive strength of concrete cubes and beams aged 7 and 28 days was tested.
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Zhou, Lvshan, Tongjiang Peng, Hongjuan Sun, and Sanyuan Wang. "Thermodynamics analysis and experiments on Ti-bearing blast furnace slag leaching enhanced by sulfuric acid roasting." RSC Advances 12, no. 54 (2022): 34990–5001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra06237b.

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Tripathy, Sunil Kumar, Jayalaxmi Dasu, Y. Rama Murthy, Gajanan Kapure, Atanu Ranajan Pal, and Lev O. Filippov. "Utilisation perspective on water quenched and air-cooled blast furnace slags." Journal of Cleaner Production 262 (July 2020): 121354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121354.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AIR COOLED BLAST"

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Huang, Chi-Fong, and 黃基峰. "Study on Air-cooled Blast Furnace Slag Used for Pervious Concrete." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75562026721968897095.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
土木工程系所
102
This study used China Steel Corporation (CSC) byproduced air-cooled blast furnace slag as aggregate material in the making of pervious concrete. The pervious concrete specimens were built according to respective water-cement ratios W/C ranged from 0.37 to 0.49, whilst aggregate particle size was between 4.8~19.1 mm. Tamping tools were two steel rods, one with 5 cm diameter round bottom, 2 cm thickness and the other with 5×5 cm square bottom, 2 cm thickness, were used to impact cylindrical and beam specimens respectively. The specimens were made by the same degree of impacting, and were performed the compressive strength, flexural strength, permeability coefficient, and porosity tests. Hopefully, the W/C of maximum strength concrete was found, and the requirements of permeability and water retention were satisfied as well. Test results showed that, both the 28 day maximum compressive strength fc and maximum modulus of rupture R occurred at W/C=0.48. The values were fc=171.4kgf/cm2 and R=41.1kgf/cm2. The mix for this specific W/C was 350 kg cement, 160 kg water, 3.5 kg curing agent and 1375 kg slag aggregate. The ratio of the 28 day compressive strength to modulus of rupture R/fc were between 0.18~0.27, averaged at 0.22, higher than that of normal concrete about 0.15. The permeability coefficient k values ranged between 0.66~2.41 cm/sec, larger than the criteria value 0.01 cm/sec proposed by Architecture and Building Research. The n values ranged between 18.5%~32.5%, also larger than the criteria value 15%.
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Lin, Cyun-Syuan, and 林群軒. "Study on Air-cooled Blast Furnace Slag Used for Pervious Concrete of Low Cement Amount." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94544501454923624453.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
土木工程系所
103
The thesis used the air-cooled blast furnace (ABF) slag by China Steel Corporation (CSC) as aggregate and added the inorganic ion curing agent by Johnson Corporation in the making of pervious concrete. The water-cement ratios W/C of pervious concrete specimens ranged from 0.62 to 0.76. Aggregate particle size was between 4.75~19.0 mm. Cement amount C in the mix is 150 kg. Tamping tools were two steel rods, one with 5 cm diameter round bottom, 2 cm thickness, and the other with 5#westeur024#5 cm square bottom, 2 cm thickness, were used to impact cylindrical and beam specimens respectively. The specimens were made by the same degree of impacting, and were performed the compressive strength, flexural strength, permeability coefficient, and porosity tests. The purpose of the tests is to find the W/C of maximum strength for the concrete, which also have to meet the permeability and water retention requirements. Test results showed that, both the W/C of the maximum strength of 28 day concrete were 0.72. The values of the compressive strength fc and modulus of rupture R were 41.3 kgf/cm2 and 16.3 kgf/cm2 respectively. Compared with the values 171 kgf/cm2 and R=41.1 kgf/cm2 of C=350 kg, the strengths were its 0.24 and 0.4 time. The mix for this specific W/C was 167 kg cement, 75.2 kg water, 1.7 kg curing agent and 1484 kg slag aggregate. The ratio of the 7 day to 28 day compressive strength fc7/fc28 were between 0.63~1.09, averaged at 0.87. The ratio of modulus of rupture Rc7/Rc28 were between 0.63~1.23, averaged at 0.99, higher than 0.70 of normal concrete or 0.85 and 0.92 of C=350 kg concrete. The ratio of the 28 day compressive strength to modulus of rupture R/fc were between 0.26~0.40, averaged at 0.31, higher than 0.15 of normal concrete or 0.22 of C=350 kg concrete. All the permeability coefficient k values exceeded 2.3 cm/sec, far beyond the criteria value 0.01 cm/sec proposed by Taiwan Architecture and Building Center. The porosity n values ranged between 37%~45%, were also larger than the criteria value 15%. The strengths fc＝41.3 kgf/cm2 and R＝16.3 kgf/cm2 of the tested C=150kg ABF slag previous concrete can be used in class B pavement proposed by Taiwan Architecture and Building Center for load layer of 6 cm depth, and can be used in class A pavement for load layer of 10 cm depth.
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GUPTA, KARTIC. "EFFECT OF AIR COOLED BLAST FURNANCE SLAG AND METAKAOLIN ON COMPRESSIVE AND FLEXURAL STRENGHTH OF CONCRETE CONTAINING FLY ASH." Thesis, 2018. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/16364.

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Concrete is the most commonly used construction material in the world. Concrete is extensively used in infrastructure projects. The concrete obtained by mixing cement, water and an inert matrix of sand and gravelundergoes a number of operations such as transportation, placing, compacting, finishing and curing. Pozzolanic materials including flyash, metakaolin, slag, Rice Husk Ash and silica fume have been used in recent years as cement replacement material for developing HSC with improved workability, strength and durability with reduced permeability. Metakaolin, which is a relatively new material in the concrete industry is effective in increasing strength, reducing sulphate attack and improving air-void network. Pozzolanic reactions improve the microstructure of concrete and chemistry of hydration products by consuming the released calcium hydroxide (CH) and production of additional calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), resulting in an increased strength and reduced porosity and therefore improved durability. Use of Metakaolin in construction industry as partial replacement of cement started in the 1960’s and the interest in this material has considerably increased in recent years. Metakaolin has pozzolanic properties bringing positive effects on resulting properties concrete. Pozzolanic properties cause chemical reaction of active components with calcium hydroxide (portlandite), which is formed as a product of cement hydration. This reaction leads to formation of binding phases of following types: secondary C-S-H gel, C4AH13, C3AH6, and C2ASH8 thereby increasing strength. The Air cooled blast furnance slag (ACBFS) has also been used as partial replacement of coarse aggregates in the recent past . In the previous studies it has been confirmed that the concrete made with natural aggregates and with ACBFS has comparable compressive.
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Conference papers on the topic "AIR COOLED BLAST"

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Harmaji, Andrie, Aishah Mahyarni Imran, Bambang Sunendar, Muhammad Sofyan Lazuardi, Ikhsan Khairunnasari, and Ahmad Sobandi. "Effect of air-cooled slag and granulated blast furnace slag addition as substitutor on fly ash based geopolymer." In GREEN CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE FUTURE: Proceedings of the Green Construction and Engineering Education (GCEE) Conference 2017. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5003502.

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Valentin, Jan, Pavla Vacková, Nadia Maria Jose Tarifa, and Dimitra Giannaka. "Potential substitutions of traditional hydraulic binders in cold recycled mixtures using blast furnace slag." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1246.

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Cold recycling techniques are known for decades in pavement engineering as a suitable rehabilitation method mainly for existing asphalt pavements. Traditionally the most common solution is to use bituminous emulsion or foamed bitumen as a binder usually in combination with small amount of cement or lime as active fillers. In some countries cement or hydraulic road binders are preferred instead of bitumen based options since it is believed that hydraulic binders can increase the bearing capacity of cold recycled layer especially for pavements with underestimated structures which were designed >40 years ago. Based on that the Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU Prague is for more than 10 years evaluating and developing further alternatives for the cement-based approach of cold recycled mixtures. In the past experience with fly-ashes or activated fly-ash based alternative binders were presented. Presently the focus is concentrating on the potentials of using blast furnace slags which are not generally usable for the cement industry (e.g. because of limited content of glassy compounds which are very typical mainly for granulated blast furnace slags). Air-cooled blast furnace slags were selected and activated by high-speed milling to get a material with latent hydraulic properties. This modified slag was applied in several options to cold recycled mixtures and standard strength and deformation tests were performed, including the determination of resistance to water immersion. Separately pastes based on used treated fine-grained slags were tested and evaluated. Data of the pastes are discussed jointly with the results for experimentally tested cold recycled mixtures.
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Eriksson, Pontus, Steve Walsh, Rolf Gabrielsson, Lars Waldheim, and Fredrik Hermann. "Design and Evaluation of an LCV Combustor for the Volvo VT4400 Industrial Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30088.

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A combustor has been developed to burn a low calorific gas mixture reflecting a composition typically available from a bio-mass gasification plant. This reference composition contained (by volume) 11,7% H2, 15,4% CO, 5,9% CH4, 13,3% CO2, 46,7% N2 and 7% H2O. The combustor was subsequently tested with gas compositions having varying amounts of NH3, H2O and CO/H2 content. It was also tested with three compositions rich in CO, but lacking H2; these are typically available from blast furnace, or other metallurgical processes. The combustor is designed to be stoichiometric/lean and is suitable for up to 2,1 MW thermal input. The flame tube walls are predominantly effusion-cooled. A natural gas pilot is provided for ignition and operation up to 20% load. UHC emissions were only seen when operating on the reference LCV composition below 40% load. CO emissions were less than 20 ppmv between 40% and 100% load regardless of gas composition tested. Combined thermal and prompt NOX, when operating without ammonia addition, was found to be less than 9 ppmv at full load for the reference gas. When ammonia was introduced to the gas composition the molar ammonia conversion to NOX was approximately 60% for 2500 ppmv NH3 fuel concentration. This was seen to increase to 90% as the ammonia concentration was reduced to 500 ppmv. The combustor showed acceptable temperatures while operating on the reference composition. The compositions having higher net calorific value produced excessive flame tube temperatures. The combustor had excellent combustion stability regardless of gas composition and operating condition.
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Bauer, H. J., L. Eigenmann, B. Scherrer, and S. Wittig. "Local Measurements in a Three Dimensional Jet-Stabilized Model Combustor." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-071.

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Measurements of velocity, temperature and species concentration in a three dimensional jet-stabilized combustor are presented. The modular design of the combustor permits the use of either gaseous or liquid fuels. For the investigations presented here, fuel oil has been chosen which is atomized by an air-blast atomizer. Access to the reacting flow field for probes as well as for non intrusive optical measurement techniques is provided by several windows along the combustor axis. Velocity measurements in the mixing zone and even in the primary zone of the combustor are performed by means of a two-component Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDA). Platinum rhodium/platinum thermocouples (PtRh/Pt) specially designed for reduced internal heat losses are used for the investigation of the temperature field. A cranked, water cooled probe is employed in order to detect local species concentrations. The experimental results reveal detailed information about the characteristics of the reacting flow field. The interaction of fuel atomization and flame stabilization in the primary zone is illustrated by a direct comparison with experimental data of the gaseous fuel case investigated earlier [ 1 ]. The results gained here serve as an excellent database to verify numerical models for the description of liquid spray combustion.
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Chockalingam, Prathap, Flavio Cesar Cunha Galeazzo, Plamen Kasabov, Peter Habisreuther, Nikolaos Zarzalis, Christian Beck, Werner Krebs, and Bernhard Wegner. "Analysis of NOX Formation in an Axially Staged Combustion System at Elevated Pressure Conditions." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45239.

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The objective of this investigation was to study the effect of axially staged injection of methane in the vitiated air cross flow in a two stage combustion chamber on the formation of NOX for different momentum flux ratios. The primary cylindrical combustor equipped with a low swirl air blast nozzle operating with Jet-A liquid fuel generates vitiated air in the temperature range of 1473–1673 K at pressures of 5–8 bar. A methane injector was flush mounted to the inner surface of the secondary combustor at an angle of 30°. Oil cooled movable and static gas probes were used to collect the gas samples. The mole fractions of NO, NO2, CO, CO2 and O2 in the collected exhaust gas samples were measured using gas analyzers. For all the investigated operating conditions, the change in the mole fraction of NOX due to the injection of methane (ΔNOX) corrected to 15% O2 and measured in dry mode was less than 15 ppm. The mole fraction of ΔNOX increased with an increase in mass flow rate of methane and it was not affected by a change in the momentum flux ratio. The penetration depth of the methane jet was estimated from the profiles of mole fraction of O2 obtained from the samples collected using the movable gas probe. For the investigated momentum flux ratios, the penetration depth observed was 15 mm at 5 bar and 5 mm at 6.5 and 8 bar. The results obtained from the simulations of the secondary combustor using a RANS turbulence model were also presented. Reaction modeling of the jet flame present in a vitiated air cross flow posed a significant challenge as it was embedded in a high turbulent flow and burns in partial premixed mode. The applicability of two different reaction models has been investigated. The first approach employed a combination of the eddy dissipation and the finite rate chemistry models to determine the reaction rate, while the presumed JPDF model was used in the further investigations. Predictions were in closer agreement to the measurements while employing the presumed JPDF model; this model was also able to predict some key features of the flow as the change of penetration depth with the pressure.
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Rhyner, Daniel J. "Evaluation of Horizontal Recirculatory Air Curtain Efficiencies: Cooler to Conditioned Space." In ASME 2014 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2014-5801.

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Air curtains have long been used to reduce losses from high traffic doorways in cold storage facilities. Different varieties of air curtains have been used including vertical (down blast) non-recirculatory, horizontal non-recirculatory and horizontal recirculatory. The effectiveness of air curtains to provide thermal separation between rooms of differing temperatures has long been a matter of debate. Previous experiments have been done to determine the effectiveness using tracer gas decay methods. This paper will evaluate the thermal effectiveness of the horizontal recirculatory air curtain when applied in a typical cooler application using an environmental chamber. This allowed testing of the air curtain’s ability to reduce infiltration on the actual thermal envelope. A vertical non-recirculatory air curtain was also evaluated for comparison purposes. The air curtains were tested in an environmental chamber that was divided into two rooms of differing temperature. The chamber was instrumented to measure all energy transfer into and out of each room. The cold room was maintained at a temperature of 4°C (39°F) and the warm room was maintained at a temperature of 24°C (75°F) and 60% RH throughout all tests. Three phases of testing were conducted for each air curtain to completely evaluate all energy losses — a completely closed doorway test for calibration, a completely open doorway test with no air curtains and an open doorway test with the air curtains adjusted and running. Completion of the testing revealed the horizontal recirculatory air curtain had a thermal efficiency of 71% while the vertical non-recirculatory air curtain had an efficiency of 38%. The results were slightly lower than theoretical calculations which may be attributable to chamber size. Additional tests were conducted using a smaller doorway for comparison. Applying the results from the smaller doorway yields an effectiveness of 76.2%. Using the theoretical open doorway energy loss yields an effectiveness of 80%. Paper published with permission.
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