Academic literature on the topic 'Air conditioning – Efficiency – Simulation methods'
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Journal articles on the topic "Air conditioning – Efficiency – Simulation methods"
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Wang, Jun, and Hai Xia Wang. "Air Flow in Large Space Building with CFD Model and Local Test." Advanced Materials Research 213 (February 2011): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.213.260.
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Simulation with CFD and local test are two main methods in study on air flow in large space building. This paper tests and simulates thermal comfort and air distribution of existing air- conditioning mode of some exhibition center. Through comparison and analysis on existing and simulated air-conditioning pattern, draw a conclusion that it’s feasible to simulate thermal comfort and air distribution of air-conditioning. And the research is important to guide energy efficiency and design optimization of air-conditioning system in large space building.
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Ayaz, Murat, Volkan Aygül, Ferhat Düzenli˙, and Erkutay Tasdemi˙rci˙. "Comparative Study on Control Methods for Air Conditioning of Industrial Paint Booths." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2019.2454.
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It is of great importance that each product in industrial production facilities is to be produced in the same quality and standard. Especially in the automotive industry, the painting process needs to be done under certain environmental conditions according to the paint properties used. Therefore, the temperature, humidity and air quality values of the paint booth are very important for a quality painting operation. In this study, adaptive control has been proposed to control of one-zone heating-ventilation system for the paint booths. The system has been modelled by using the Matlab/Simulink. Performance of the proposed control method has been compared with conventional control methods such as On/Off, PID, fuzzy logic in terms of accuracy, efficiency and response time. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive control is effective in the Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems temperature control applications. In addition, energy efficiency in HVAC systems has been provided with the proposed control model. Furthermore, thermal analysis of the system has been done to corroborate simulation results.
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Kim, Younghyeon, Seokyeon Im, and Jaeyoung Han. "A Study on the Application Possibility of the Vehicle Air Conditioning System Using Vortex Tube." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 5227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195227.
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Since refrigerants applied to vehicle air conditioning systems exacerbate global warming, many studies have been conducted to supplement them. However, most studies have attempted to maximize the efficiency and minimize the environmental impact of the refrigerant, and thus, an air conditioning system without refrigerant is required. The vortex tube is a temperature separation system capable of separating air at low and high temperatures using compressed air. When applied to an air conditioning system, it is possible to construct an eco-friendly system that does not use a refrigerant. In this paper, various temperature changes and characteristics of a vortex tube were identified and applied to an air conditioning system simulation device. Additionally, an air conditioning system simulation device using indirect heat exchange and direct heat exchange methods was constructed to test the low-temperature air flow rate (yc), according to the temperature and pressure. As a result of the experiment, the temperature of the indirect heat exchange method was found to be higher than the direct heat exchange method, but the direct heat exchange method had low flow resistance. As a result, the direct heat exchange method can easily control the temperature according to the pressure and the low-temperature air flow rate (yc). Therefore, it was judged that the direct heat exchange method is more feasible for use in air conditioning systems than the indirect heat exchange method.
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Ni, Jing, Bowen Jin, Shanglei Ning, and Xiaowei Wang. "The Numerical Simulation of the Airflow Distribution and Energy Efficiency in Data Centers with Three Types of Aisle Layout." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 10, 2019): 4937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184937.
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The energy consumption of fast-growing data centers is drawing attentions from not only energy organizations and institutions all over the world, but also charity groups, such as Greenpeace, and research shows that the power consumption of air conditioning makes up a large proportion of the electricity cost in data centers. Therefore, more detailed investigations of air conditioning power consumption are warranted. Three types of airflow distributions with different aisle layouts (the open aisle, the closed cold aisle, and the closed hot aisle) were investigated with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods in a typical data center of four rows of racks in this study. To evaluate the results of thermal and bypass phenomenon, the temperature increase index (β) and the energy utilization index (ηr) were used. The simulations show that there is a better trend of the β index and ηr index both closed cold aisle and closed hot aisle compared with free open aisle. Especially with high air flow rate, the β index decreases and the ηr index increases considerably. Moreover, the results prove the closed aisles (both closed cold aisle and closed hot aisle) can not only significantly improve the airflow distribution, but also reduce the mixture of cold and heat flow, and therefore improve energy efficiency. In addition, it proves the design of the closed aisles can meet the increasing density of installations and our simulation method could evaluate the cooling capacity easily.
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Zhang, Dapeng, and Zhiwei Gao. "Improvement of Refrigeration Efficiency by Combining Reinforcement Learning with a Coarse Model." Processes 7, no. 12 (December 17, 2019): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7120967.
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It is paramount to improve operational conversion efficiency in air-conditioning refrigeration. It is noticed that control efficiency for model-based methods highly relies on the accuracy of the mechanism model, and data-driven methods would face challenges using the limited collected data to identify the information beyond. In this study, a hybrid novel approach is presented, which is to integrate a data-driven method with a coarse model. Specifically, reinforcement learning is used to exploit/explore the conversion efficiency of the refrigeration, and a coarse model is utilized to evaluate the reward, by which the requirement of the model accuracy is reduced and the model information is better used. The proposed approach is implemented based on a hierarchical control strategy which is divided into a process level and a loop level. The simulation of a test bed shows the proposed approach can achieve better conversion efficiency of refrigeration than the conventional methods.
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Zhang, Dongxu, Kailiang Huang, Guohui Feng, Xue Lv, and Jintian Xu. "Study on fresh air load characteristics and energy saving measures of low energy consumption buildings in severe cold area." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 01059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235601059.
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In order to study the fresh air load characteristics of low energy consumption buildings with different envelope structure parameters, combined with the law of fresh air load, energy saving measures were studied. Taking the ultra-low energy consumption building of Shenyang Jianzhu University as an example, the DeST simulation software was used to establish five groups of models with different envelope structure parameters for load simulation. The simulation results show that the fresh air heat load in model 1 to model 5 is 29.89%, 34.66%, 38.60%, 44.68% and 53.36% of the building heat load, respectively. The seasonal fresh air cooling load of air conditioning accounted for 13.78%, 13.85%, 13.88%, 13.99% and 14.05% of the building cooling load respectively. The thermal insulation performance of the envelope has great influence on the thermal load of the building, but little influence on the cooling load of the building. The better the insulation performance of building envelope, the greater the energy saving potential of fresh air load. Fresh air heat load is sensible heat load, and fresh air cooling load is mainly latent cooling load. From the theoretical point of view, the building adopts a heat recovery device with a heat recovery efficiency of 0.6, which can save 5989.91kW • h in the heating season and reduce the building heat load by 32.02%. In the air conditioning season sensible heat recovery device can save energy 131.45kW • h, reduce building cooling load by 1.56%; Total heat recovery device can save energy of 708.73kW • h and reduce cooling load of building by 8.43%.With the development of zero-energy building technology, the requirement of fresh air energy consumption is more strict, and the active all-heat fresh air heat recovery device is more suitable for this building. It also has more space for future development. This paper analyzes the change of energy saving potential of fresh air with the development of building envelope. The methods and ideas of reducing energy consumption of fresh air in low energy consumption buildings are discussed.
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Wang, Shiqiang, Jianchun Xing, Ziyan Jiang, and Juelong Li. "A decentralized sensor fault detection and self-repair method for HVAC systems." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 6 (May 7, 2018): 667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418775881.
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This study proposes a novel decentralized sensor fault detection and self-repair method for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. From the perspective of network structure, sensor fault diagnosis in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems is distributed to the updated smart sensors without the monitoring host, which is necessary in the traditional centralized method. A fully distributed flat sensor network is established based on fundamental physical equations. Similar to the structure, mechanism and characteristics of biological communities, a smart sensor needs only to communicate with adjacent nodes and operate collaboratively to complete sensor fault detection and self-repair tasks. These tasks are formulated as a constrained optimization and are solved by a decentralized algorithm with a penalty function executed in all the sensor nodes in parallel. The diagnosis model introduces an exponential function method to determine the precise location and undertake self-repair of a fault node. Simulation results on a chilled water system illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Practical application: The traditional sensor fault detection and diagnosis methods for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems are based on a centralized structure with several deficiencies, such as high maintenance and labor costs, link congestion and operational lag. This study presents a decentralized sensor network structure and exponential-function-based method that possess the advantages of plug-and-play, rapid deployment, high flexibility and convenience for engineering implementation without having to build a central monitor. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated via a case study.
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Yan, Liangwen, Fengfeng Qian, and Wei Li. "Research on Key Parameters Operation Range of Central Air Conditioning Based on Binary K-Means and Apriori Algorithm." Energies 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010102.
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As the energy-saving control of central air conditioning has been widely applied in modern architecture, research of real-time optimal control based on historical data and identification of its optimal control strategies are of great importance for reducing energy wasting of buildings. However, due to the property of easily falling into local optimum, conventional k-means approach cannot achieve the goal of real-time optimal control, we therefore propose an innovative binary k-means clustering algorithm which is used to adjust the target value of temperature difference (TD) in the control system of chilled water and cooling water of central air conditioning system (CACS). Thanks to the clustering control, among the 304 test data, the coefficient of performance (COP) of 211 sets of data, which accounted for 69.41%, are higher than those of the traditional control method. In the simulation system, the COP of 191 sets of data, which accounted for 62.83%, are higher than those of traditional control methods, achieving better energy efficiency. To achieve the goal of identify potential energy-saving control strategies, the Apriori algorithm is proposed to correlate the key parameters and energy consumption efficiency of the CACS. The results show when the chilled water temperature difference (CWTD) > 2.0 °C and the cooling water temperature difference (COWTD) > 2.4 °C, some rules are discovered as follows: 1. The probability of a larger system COP will increase if the CWTD is set lower than the third quartile value or the COWTD is set lower than the first quartile value. 2. The probability of a larger system COP will also increase if the CTWD is set lower than the first quartile and the COWTD is set between the first and the third quartile. These underlying regularity is useful for technicians to adjust the control parameters of the equipment, to improve energy efficiency and to reduce energy consumption.
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Zhao, Fei, Xiaowei Li, and Jiangli Hou. "Simulation and Multi-Objective Optimization of the Vehicle Thermal Management System of Electric Cars." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 969–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390334.
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The research on the vehicle thermal management (VTM) system is very important for ensuring the driving reliability of electric cars, however, currently there’re few research concerned about this topic, and the existing ones mostly focus on matching and optimizing parameters to improve the management of driving kinetic energy, and the heat dissipation and cooling performance of the cars; however, there isn’t a uniform standard for evaluating these performances, and the research on closed thermal energy management and control based on the evaluation results is pending. This paper studied the simulation and multi-objective optimization of the VTM system of electric cars, and proposed accurate methods and ideas for evaluating the heat dissipation efficiency of the engine cooling system, the cooling efficiency of the air conditioning system, and the thermal management performance of the VTM of electric cars. Based on the model predictive control (MPC) algorithm of vehicle motion control, this paper constructed temperature control optimization objective functions for electric cars under various thermal adaptation working conditions such as low-speed slope climbing, medium-speed gentle slope climbing, high-speed driving, and idling; and it designed several strategies for the coordinated control of the VTM system of electric cars. At last, this paper used test results to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
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Parzinger, Michael, Lucia Hanfstaengl, Ferdinand Sigg, Uli Spindler, Ulrich Wellisch, and Markus Wirnsberger. "Residual Analysis of Predictive Modelling Data for Automated Fault Detection in Building’s Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 6758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176758.
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Faults in Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems affect the energy efficiency of buildings. To date, there rarely exist methods to detect and diagnose faults during the operation of buildings that are both cost-effective and sufficient accurate. This study presents a method that uses artificial intelligence to automate the detection of faults in HVAC systems. The automated fault detection is based on a residual analysis of the predicted total heating power and the actual total heating power using an algorithm that aims to find an optimal decision rule for the determination of faults. The data for this study was provided by a detailed simulation of a residential case study house. A machine learning model and an ARX model predict the building operation. The model for fault detection is trained on a fault-free data set and then tested with a faulty operation. The algorithm for an optimal decision rule uses various statistical tests of residual properties such as the Sign Test, the Turning Point Test, the Box-Pierce Test and the Bartels-Rank Test. The results show that it is possible to predict faults for both known faults and unknown faults. The challenge is to find the optimal algorithm to determine the best decision rules. In the outlook of this study, further methods are presented that aim to solve this challenge.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Air conditioning – Efficiency – Simulation methods"
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Dowrani, Ali Akbar Gharooni. "Efficiency of air cooler coil defrost methods and the effect of these methods on the refrigeration cycle performance." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316876.
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Alshatti, Rashid Ali. "Analyses of Variable Refrigerant Flow and Exergy in Air Conditioning Systems." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2983.
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This thesis consists of two research problems in the air conditioning (A/C) area. For the first problem, the aim is to model and simulate a variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning system. The coefficient of performance (COP) for refrigeration or heat pump system is one of the critical parameters for designing an air conditioning system. The modeling of the system components for a VRF cycle under different cooling conditions using R-134a and R-22 as refrigerants was carried out. Calculations were performed by varying different parameters such as condenser and evaporator temperatures, and refrigerant type. The R-134a refrigerant shows a better performance when multiple evaporators are present. Part load performance evaluation was also done for both refrigerants. The simulation results compared reasonably well with available experimental data.
In the second problem, the objective is to develop a mathematical model that covers the mass, energy, entropy, and exergy balances of a typical air conditioning system. The model examines how the exergy efficiency of an air conditioning system can be used to measure its performance, bypass configuration, and additional significant environmental factors that affect an A/C system's design. The effects of outside air parameters, room parameters, room sensible and latent heat loads, and dead state properties on exergy efficiency were investigated. The range of parameters covered included outside air temperature (To= 25-60oC) and relative humidity (RHo = 50-85%), sensible heat load (Qsen = 11.50-13.25 kW), latent heat load (Qlat = 3.00-4.75 kW), room air temperature (Tr= 18-25oC), and relative humidity (RHr= 30-44%), and outside-mixture air flow rate ratio (qo/qm = 0.21-0.71). Two novel dead state conditions were selected to further analyze their effects on the system. Present exergy results indicate that an A/C system is quite sensitive to air properties, sensible and latent cooling loads, and dead state conditions.
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Wong, Kin-chuen, and 黃健全. "Optimization of building cooling system based on genetic algorithms and thermal energy storage." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45701416.
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Ma, Yunlong. "Investigation of advanced solar assisted cooling for Australian commercial buildings." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/97624/1/Yunlong_Ma_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis investigated the feasibility of different advanced solar assisted air conditioning systems for a typical medium office building in all eight Australian capital cities. The technical, environmental, and economic performances of each system have been analysed in comparison with the referenced conventional vapour compression cooling system using the whole building energy simulation software EnergyPlus. The research has concluded that solar cooling technology is technically and economically applicable in Australian climates which can contribute to reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector.
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Shi, Hongsen. "Building Energy Efficiency Improvement and Thermal Comfort Diagnosis." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555110595177379.
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Buoro, Anarrita Bueno. "Conforto térmico e eficiência energética em hotéis econômicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-21012010-161120/.
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Este trabalho busca avaliar a eficiência energética e o conforto, em ambiente climatizado artificialmente, dos Hotéis Econômicos de redes internacionais em São Paulo. A avaliação levada a cabo concentrou-se nas unidades habitacionais (UH) desses hotéis, principal produto oferecido por eles, possuidoras de sistema de ar condicionado (SAC), apesar das condições climáticas e das características do uso não determinarem essa necessidade. Com base nos levantamentos sobre as características dos Hotéis Econômicos, foi escolhido um hotel de uma rede internacional em São Paulo como estudo de caso. Nele, avaliou-se o desempenho térmico por meio de medições de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar em duas UH, durante cinco dias. As características físicas desse hotel foram utilizadas como modelo-base para as simulações computacionais realizadas no software TAS NG (2005). A partir dos resultados obtidos nas medições, definiram-se os critérios que seriam utilizados nas variações do modelo paramétrico, resultando em um total de sete cenários, com diferentes características como: vidros, cortina interna, taxa de ventilação e período determinado para ventilação. Levando-se em conta as condições climáticas da cidade de São Paulo e as características físicas e ocupacionais dos apartamentos, verificou-se que é possível obter conforto térmico sem o uso de SAC. Nessas condições, utilizou-se como critério de avaliação o modelo adaptativo da Norma ASHRAE 55 (2004). Os dados dos dias mais representativos de verão e inverno forma utilizados na análise dos ganhos de calor. Foi também avaliado, para o período de um ano, o consumo de energia elétrica do SAC, para resfriamento e aquecimento. Os resultados obtidos auxiliaram na proposição de recomendações de projeto para essa tipologia, buscando soluções que aprimoram o aproveitamento das condições naturais favoráveis para a obtenção de conforto térmico, possibilitando a redução do consumo de energia decorrente do SAC nestes ambientes. Para ilustrar algumas recomendações foram feitos estudos preliminares para as UH e para o pavimento tipo, considerando a integração do SAC com soluções de projeto de arquitetura que favoreçam o melhor desempenho energético de Hotéis Econômicos ou de qualquer categoria.This work aims to evaluate the energy efficiency and comfort level, in airconditioned environments of budget hotels, from international chains, in São Paulo, Brazil. The evaluation was directed to the apartments which are the hotels main product featuring air conditioning, even though the climate conditions and usage profile dont determine its need. One hotel from an international chain was chosen as a case study based on research of budget hotels main features. The hotel had its thermal performance evaluated through air temperature and humidity measurements, in two apartments, for five days. Its physical characteristics were inputted into the TAS NG (2005) software as a base model for simulations. The measurements results defined the criteria used in the parametric model, resulting in a total of seven scenarios with different characteristics such as glass, internal shades, ventilating rates and period. Considering São Paulos climatic conditions, the physical and occupational characteristics of the apartments, it was verified that it is possible to reach thermal comfort without the use of air conditioning. The evaluating criterion used in these conditions was an adaptive model from the ASHRAE 55 (2004) Norm. Data from the most representative days of summer and winter were used in the analysis. There was also an evaluation of the energy consumption of the air condition- ing system, used for cooling and heating purposes, for a period of one year. The results favored the proposal for project recommendations for this typology, seeking solutions to improve the capacity to harness the favorable natural conditions to obtain thermal comfort, allowing for energy consumption reduction due to air conditioning. To illustrate the recommendations some preliminary studies were prepared for the apartments and pavement type, considering the integration of the air conditioning system with architectural design solutions that favor a better energy performance of budget hotels or of any other category.
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Arndt, D. C. "Integrated dynamic simulation of large thermal systems." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26065.
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Studies concluded that more that 10% of all energy consumed in the world is expended by building air-conditioning systems. Energy efficiency in building and HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air-conditioning) design is therefore exceptionally important. A cost¬-effective way to improve the energy efficiency of a HV AC system, without compromising indoor comfort, is by implementing better control. System energy cost savings of up to 50% can be realised by optimising the system operating control strategies with direct payback periods of less than a year. However, when changing the operating strategy of a system it is often difficult to predict the resulting changes in system energy consumption and indoor comfort. To achieve these predictions, a dynamic simulation tool, which can efficiently and accurately simulate the building with the HV AC and control system in an integrated fashion, is required. Extensions to the integrated tool QUICKcontrol is therefore proposed to suite the needs of the energy service contractor. QUICKcontrol still has many shortcomings in the availability of component models for certain equipment commonly used in building systems today. New dynamic component models were therefore derived in this study. The accuracy and applicability of integrated building and natural ventilation modelling is illustrated in animal housing facilities. The predicted results obtained during this study were satisfactory to use these models with confidence in this type of building applications. The applicability of building, HV AC system and control simulations was illustrated in conference facilities. The results obtained show the value of integrated building and system simulation in the evaluation of energy cost saving inventions in commercial buildings. The mining and industrial sectors in South Africa consume about 40% of ESKOM's total electrical energy production. Mines alone use nearly 20% of the electricity provided by ESKOM. Ventilation and cooling (VC) systems are responsible for approximately 25% or R750 million of this energy. It will therefore be beneficial if the mines can be more energy clever in order to reduce their VC operating costs. The use of an extended integrated building and system simulation tool was therefore realised to investigate the potential for energy cost savings in mine VC applications. To extend QUICKcontrol for the simulation of other large thermal systems found in mining and industrial applications, new component models and simulations procedures were developed. Two case studies were performed with the extended tool to illustrate its applicability in thermal systems other than building systems. The potential for Demand Side Management (DSM) on a surface cooling plant and an underground clear water-pumping system was investigated. Satisfactory results were obtained during the two investigations to utilise this extended tool with confidence in practice. With more extensions to the tool it should be possible to investigate the potential for energy cost saving on any other thermal industrial applications.Thesis (PhD (Mechanical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
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Botha, C. P. "Simulation of a building heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26002.
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Simulation is one of the oldest and also among the most important tools available to engineers. In the building Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) community the availability and/or functionality of simulation tools is limited and it is difficult to determine whether the simulation models accurately represent reality. The purpose of this study was to accurately verify one such a simulation model and then to extend the study to two unique applications. Comprehensive structural, comfort and energy audits were performed to construct a suitable simulation model with the aid of the control simulation package: QUICK Control. The model was then verified against measured building data to ensure an accurate representation of the actual dynamic building response. For the first application various control retrofits were evaluated and the highest potential for energy saving was found. Thereafter the model was implemented to investigate the change in indoor air conditions due to failure of HVAC equipment. Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning in buildings consume a significant portion of the available electrical energy in South Africa. Of this energy up to 30% can be saved by improving the HVAC systems currently installed in the buildings. This could result in savings of up to R400 million. For the building used in this study it was found that up to 66% of the HVAC system’s electrical energy consumption could be saved with a payback period of only 9 months. These savings could be achieved by implementing a setback control strategy with an improved time management procedure. Predicting the impact of failing equipment is a difficult task because of the integrated dynamic effect every HVAC component has on the next. With the aid of a comprehensive integrated simulation model the implications of failing can be determined and necessary assessments and precautions can be taken. The results of this study showed that the air-conditioning system under investigation was approximately 100% over designed. Failure of up to 50% was allowable in the cooling equipment before any noticeable impact could be observed in the indoor climate. With further failure the required comfort conditions could not be sustained. Dissertation (MSc (Mechanical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
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Lin, Ching-Yu, and 林清裕. "Computer Simulation of Air Conditioning Load in Residential Apartments and Exterior Insulation Efficiency." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33049771526384002927.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
建築及都市設計研究所
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In this study, computer simulation analyses were undertaken, aimed at the yearly heat load of the buildings of apartment residence in Taiwan. The items for simulation analysis included different regions, different external wall insulation values, different positions, and different floors. Also, through the improvement of entire external walls and single wall, the air-conditioning heat load and the effectiveness of air-conditioning energy conservation were analyzed, to explore the rationalization of apartment residence’s external wall insulation value, so as to provide important reference data for the strategies of external wall insulation for future architectural designs or for the existing residences. According to the research results, the differences of the yearly heat load caused by different floors were approximately 20%. The biggest difference of the yearly heat load caused by different floors and different locations was 50%. As the standard residences’ simulation directions changed, the direction with the highest heat load and the direction with the lowest heat load in Taipei, Taichung, and Kaohsiung would differ by 3~4% of yearly heat load; the yearly air-conditioning power consumption would differ by approximately 12~19%. With the changes of external wall’s thermal transmittance rate Ui and the changes of positions, when external wall’s thermal transmittance rates of the middle-tier standard residences in Taipei, Taichung and Kaohsiung were enhanced to be 2.50 [W/(m2.k)], all the yearly heat loads in all directions could be lower than the heat load standard of external wall’s thermal transmittance rate 3.50 [W/(m2.k)], in the direction of North, middle-tier standard residences in all regions. In terms of insulation enhancement for residential buildings’ external walls, no matter in improving single wall or improving entire external walls, the time for material cost recovery would be faster in recovery speed if a region had higher heat load. The suggestions are: When selecting insulation materials, we had better choose the materials that have high thermal resistance and lower costs, ex. the materials such as polyethylene foaming material, plasterboard, mineral-fibered rock-wool, plywood and so on. Or, highly-porous materials should be filled in the reserved intra-layer between an external wall and the insulation material, ex. sawdust, rock-wool, etc., which can exert good insulation effect. The effect will be better if the intra-layer is thicker.
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Marshallsay, P. G. (Patrick George). "A methodology for modelling the steady-state thermal performance of air conditioning systems / submitted by Patrick George Marshallsay." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18712.
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Single leaf in pocket on back end paper.Bibliography: p. 475-488.
xxviii, 488 p. : ill. ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
This study aims to develop a robust set of tools to model the performance of a range of composite coil configurations, to develop an operational model to predict the steady state performance of single and multizone air conditioning systems and to use the computational model as an exploratory tool to examine the performance of a series of candidate design solutions.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1996?
Book chapters on the topic "Air conditioning – Efficiency – Simulation methods"
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Radchenko, Mykola, Dariusz Mikielewicz, Veniamin Tkachenko, Michał Klugmann, and Andrii Andreev. "Enhancement of the Operation Efficiency of the Transport Air Conditioning System." In Advances in Design, Simulation and Manufacturing III, 332–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50491-5_32.
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Trushliakov, Eugeniy, Andrii Radchenko, Mykola Radchenko, Serhiy Kantor, and Oleksii Zielikov. "The Efficiency of Refrigeration Capacity Regulation in the Ambient Air Conditioning Systems." In Advances in Design, Simulation and Manufacturing III, 343–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50491-5_33.
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Wensheng, Cao. "New Development of Simulation Methods on Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipments." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 463–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23214-5_61.
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Omer, Abdeen Mustafa. "Performance, Modelling, Measurement and Simulation of Energy Efficiency for Heat Exchanger, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning." In Innovative Renewable Energy, 157–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76221-6_23.
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Radchenko, Mykola, Roman Radchenko, Veniamin Tkachenko, Serhiy Kantor, and Evgeniy Smolyanoy. "Increasing the Operation Efficiency of Railway Air Conditioning System on the Base of Its Simulation Along the Route Line." In Integrated Computer Technologies in Mechanical Engineering, 461–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37618-5_39.
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Haselsteiner, Edeltraud, Marielle Ferreira Silva, and Željka Kordej-De Villa. "Climatic, Cultural, Behavioural and Technical Influences on the Indoor Environment Quality and Their Relevance for a." In Future City, 201–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_10.
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AbstractResearch about indoor comfort in future years will increasingly be guided by the pressing need for decarbonizing the built environment due to climate change. Health, efficiency, and satisfaction of work and the feeling of comfort are largely determined by the interior criteria. The sustainable indoor environment is a result of complex factors: air conditioning (ventilation), indoor temperature, heating methods, lighting, and acoustic. This chapter explores and analyzes climatic, cultural, and behavioral factors that play an important role and have an influence on technology for an indoor regenerative environment. This chapter is based on an explorative literature review and reflects indoor environmental quality, users’ expectations, and users’ behavior from the perspective of different scientific disciplines. Current standards are based on a rational approach to thermal comfort, and indicators are determined on the measured subjects’ reactions during stabilized conditions in climatic chambers. It is concluded from these results that people in different environmental conditions react similarly to everyday life. Nevertheless, survey results suggest that achieving the optimal level of the indoor environment is possible when climatic, cultural, and social context is taken into account.
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Viba, Janis, Vitaly Beresnevich, and Martins Irbe. "Methods and Devices for Wind Energy Conversion." In Wind Turbines - Advances and Challenges in Design, Manufacture and Operation [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103120.
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The chapter deals with the analysis and optimization of the operational safety and efficiency of wind energy conversion equipment. The newly proposed method of wind energy conversion involves flat blades or space prisms that perform translation motion due to the interaction with air flow. Air flow interactions with 2D moving prisms (convex, concave) are studied by computer simulation. Optimization of prism shape is made using as criteria maximum of generating force and power. Theoretical results obtained are used in the designing of new devices for energy extraction from airflow. Models of wind energy conversion devices equipped with one vibrating blade are developed (quasi translatory blade’s motion model; model with vibrating blade equipped with crank mechanism). The operation of the system due to the action of air flow is simulated with computer programs. Possibilities to obtain energy with generators of different characteristics, using mechatronic control, have been studied. The effect of wind flow with a constant speed and also with a harmonic or polyharmonic component is considered. Partial parametric optimization of the electromechanical system has been performed. The serviceability and main advantages of the proposed methods and devices are confirmed by experiments with physical models in a wind tunnel.
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Pilar de la Cruz, M., Alberto Castro, Alfredo del Caño, Diego Gómez, Manuel Lara, and Guillermo Gradaille. "Comprehensive Methods for Dealing with Uncertainty in Assessing Sustainability Part 2." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 107–40. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6631-3.ch005.
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In the previous chapter, the MIVES and MIVES – Monte Carlo methods were presented. MIVES is based on requirement trees, value functions, and the analytic hierarchy process. It helps integrate environmental, social, and economic sustainability indicators in a global sustainability index. Deterministic models can cause significant problems in terms of adequately managing the sustainability objective of a project. A method not only has to estimate the potential sustainability index at the end of the project. It also has to evaluate the degree of uncertainty that may make it difficult to achieve the sustainability objective. The MIVES – Monte Carlo method employs simulation to solve this problem. This chapter presents an alternative method, based on MIVES and fuzzy arithmetic. Different defuzzification parameters are proposed. An example of potential application related to heating and air conditioning systems in residential buildings is put forward. The advantages and drawbacks of using both methods are summarized.
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Karimipanah, Taghi. "Some Aspects of HVAC Design in Energy Renovation of Buildings." In Urban Transition - Perspectives on Urban Systems and Environments [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98824.
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It is well-known fact that air conditioning systems are responsible for a significant part of all energy systems in building energy usage. In EU buildings, the building HVAC systems account for ca 50% of the energy consumed. In the U.S., air-conditioning accounts on average about 12% of residential energy expenditures. The proper choice of air distribution systems and sustainable energy sources to drive the electrical components have a vital impact to achieve the best requirements for indoor climate including, hygienical, thermal, and reasonable energy-saving goals. The building energy system components that have a considerable impact on the demand for final energy in the building are design, outdoor environment conditions, HVAC systems, water consumption, electrical appliances, indoor thermal comfort, and indoor human activities. For calculation of the energy balance in a building, we need to consider the total energy flows in and out from the building including ventilation heat losses, the perimeters transmission heat loses, solar radiation, internal heat from occupants and appliances, space and domestic water heating, air leakage, and sewage heat losses. However, it is a difficult task to handle the above time-dependent parameters therefore an energy simulation program will always be used. This chapter aims to assess the role of ventilation and air-conditioning of buildings through the sustainability approaches and some of the existing renewable energy-based methods of HVAC systems are presented. This comprehensive review has been shown that using the new air distribution systems in combination with renewable energy sources are key factors to improve the HVAC performance and move toward Nearly Zero Carbon Buildings (NZCB).
Conference papers on the topic "Air conditioning – Efficiency – Simulation methods"
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Concina, Wendell, Suresh Sadineni, and Robert Boehm. "Solar Assisted Desiccant Cooling Simulation for Different Climate Zones." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54296.
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Evaporative cooling is among the most cost effective methods of air conditioning, but is less efficient in humid climates. An evaporative system coupled with a desiccant wheel can operate effectively in broader climatic conditions. These cooling systems can substitute traditional vapor compression air conditioning systems as they involve environmentally friendly cooling processes with reduced electricity demand (which is commonly generated from fossil fuels) along with no harmful CFC based refrigerant usage. Furthermore, direct utilization of low grade energy sources such as solar thermal energy or flue gas heat can drive the desiccant regeneration process, thus providing economic benefits. This study presents the results of simulations of desiccant cooling system performance for different climate zones of the United States. Solar assisted desiccant air conditioning is particularly useful where there are abundant solar resources with high temperature and humidity levels. Building energy simulations determined cooling energy requirements for the building. Simulation of an evacuated solar hot water collector model provided the heat energy available for regeneration of the desiccant. Solid desiccant of common material such as silica gel used in a rotary wheel is simulated using established validated computer models; this is coupled with evaporative cooling. Transients of the overall system for different cooling loads and solar radiation levels are presented. Finally, feasibility studies of the desiccant cooling systems are presented in comparison with traditional cooling system. Further analysis of the data presents optimization opportunities. Energy savings were achieved in all climatic conditions with decreased effectiveness in more humid conditions.
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Fu, Lin, Zhonghai Zheng, Hongfa Di, and Yi Jiang. "Urban Building Energy Planning With Space Distribution and Time Dynamic Simulation." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54221.
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It’s important to deal with building energy-saving in one city level and plan the energy system from one building to one city level. It’s suggested strongly to conduct urban building energy planning in urban planning system in China. There are two main characteristics of urban building energy system. That is, firstly, the terminal building energy demand is dynamic timely, such as the heating, cooling, gas and electricity load of 8760 hours a year with peak and valley load. Secondly, the energy demand, energy sources supply, energy equipments and networks of heating, cooling, gas and electricity are distributed in urban space. It’s meaningful to conduct an innovative urban energy planning with space distribution and time dynamic simulation. In this paper, the energy planning method with space and time characteristics is presented and analyzed briefly. In the meanwhile, to meet the same energy demand in buildings, such as heating, air conditioning, gas and electricity, different energy equipments such as boiler, CHP, CCHP and heat pump based on different energy sources such as coal, gas and electricity can be planned and should be alternative among those energy sources and equipments. Thus, a well alternative urban energy system with high energy efficiency and low environmental emission should be simulated. Therefore, an urban building energy planning (UBEP) simulation tool developed by our research group is introduced. And finally, a case of energy planning in Beijing City in 2010 for heating and air conditioning system is simulated dynamically and analyzed.
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Hasib, Naimee, Junghyon Mun, and Yong X. Tao. "Performance Analysis of Two HVAC Systems for Zero Energy Research Laboratory, Denton, TX." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65660.
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HVAC (Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning) system is the most significant part of a building which directly associated with human comfort. Modern HVAC system optimizes all the parameters like temperature, humidity and indoor air quality to give the occupant the best comfort. Beside human comfort some other crucial factors like installation, maintenance & operational cost, efficiency, availability and controlling method of the system need to be taken into consideration. This paper covers the study and comparison among two different HVAC systems to achieve the goal of finding the better effective HVAC system in terms of human comfort, efficiency considering North Texas climate. In this paper; power consumption, human comfort & efficiency analysis is done for the existing WWHP & WAHP system (in UNT ZØE) using Energy Plus simulation software. Calibration of the simulation data of the existing system is done comparing with the real data. After the baseline model is calibrated, simulation for other HVAC systems like evaporative cooler (EC) is conducted. The comparison analysis of both the HVAC systems shows the better effective HVAC system in North Texas weather considering all the relevant issues and challenges. The result will make UNT Zero Energy lab more energy efficient and a standard model towards a sustainable green future.
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Sylvester, K. Everette, and Jeff Haberl. "An Economic Analysis Method of Energy Saving Strategies in Newly Constructed Buildings." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44065.
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Businesses and institutions in the United States spend an estimated $175 billion per year for energy. Of that, the fraction under performance contracts and energy service agreements is currently growing, aided by cheaper monitoring technology and integration with energy management and conservation systems. To estimate the potential savings as well as to help verify energy savings retrofits, the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers has developed Standard 90.1 to provide guidance when conducting energy simulations of buildings before they are constructed. Although the potential accuracy afforded by today’s energy simulation programs is high, there is little agreement on current methods when developing the base case building. In addition, there are no current standards to guide the analysis of newly constructed, energy efficient buildings. This paper presents an energy simulation of a newly constructed state office building and compares the energy savings a past study the uses ASHRAE Standard 90.1 and a simulation regression method. Overall, while the results show significant differences between the ASHRAE Standard 90.1 and the calibrated simulation regression method.
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Razban, Ali, Arash Edalatnoor, David Goodman, and Jie Chen. "Energy Optimization of Air Handling Unit Using CO2 Data and Coil Performance." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66271.
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Air handling unit systems (AHU) are the series of mechanical systems that regulate and circulate the air through the ducts inside the buildings. In a commercial setting, air handling units accounted for more than 50% of the total energy cost of the building in 2013. To make the system more energy efficient without compromising comfort, it is very important for building energy management personnel to have tools to monitor the system performance and optimize its operation. Models are needed to meet the needs. The objectives of this study were to (1) develop models for the AHU elements and (2) implement control strategies to improve energy efficiency without sacrificing room comfort based on the published American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standard. In this study, algorithms were developed to model the energy usage for heating/cooling coils as well as fans for AHU. Enthalpy based effectiveness and Dry Wet coil methods were identified and compared for accuracy of evaluating the system performance. Two different types of control systems were modeled and the results were shown based on occupancy reflected by the collected the rooms’ CO2 data. Discrete On/Off and fuzzy logic controller techniques were simulated using Simulink Matlab software and compared based on energy reduction and system performance. The models were used on an AHU in one of the campus buildings. The data for model inputs were collected wirelessly from the building using fully function devices (FFD) and a pan coordinator to send/receive the data. Current building management system Metasys software was also used to get additional data. The AHU modeling was done using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) Software for the coils and subsystems. Moving Average technique was utilized to process the data. The models were validated by comparing the calculated results with these measured experimentally. Simulation results showed that in humid regions, where there is more than 45% of relative humidity, the dry wet coil method is the effective way to provide more accurate details of the heat transfer and energy usage of the AHU comparing to the enthalpy based effectiveness. Also results of fuzzy logic controller method show that 62% of the current return fan energy can be reduced weekly using this method without sacrificing the occupant comfort level comparing to the ON/OFF method. Energy consumption can be optimized inside the building using fuzzy logic controller. At the same time system performance can be increased by taking the appropriate steps to prevent the loss of static pressure in the ducts. The implementation of the method developed in this study will improve the energy efficiency of the AHU while the occupants comfort level stay intact.
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Thirunavakkarasu, Gautham, Satyam Saini, Jimil Shah, and Dereje Agonafer. "Air Flow Pattern and Path Flow Simulation of Airborne Particulate Contaminants in a High-Density Data Center Utilizing Airside Economization." In ASME 2018 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2018-8436.
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The percentage of the energy used by data centers for cooling their equipment has been on the rise. With that, there has been a necessity for exploring new and more efficient methods like airside economization, both from an engineering as well as business point of view, to contain this energy demand. Air cooling especially, free air cooling has always been the first choice for IT companies to cool their equipment. But, it has its downside as well. As per ASHRAE standard (2009b), the air which is entering the data center should be continuously filtered with MERV 11 or preferably MERV 13 filters and the air which is inside the data center should be clean as per ISO class 8. The objective of this study is to design a model data center and simulate the flow path with the help of 6sigma room analysis software. A high-density data center was modelled for both hot aisle and cold aisle containment configurations. The particles taken into consideration for modelling were spherical in shape and of diameters 0.05, 0.1 and 1 micron. The physical properties of the submicron particles have been assumed to be same as that of air. For heavier particles of 1 micron in size, the properties of dense carbon particle are chosen for simulating particulate contamination in a data center. The Computer Room Air Conditioning unit is modelled as the source for the particulate contaminants which represents contaminants entering along with free air through an air-side economizer. The data obtained from this analysis can be helpful in predicting which type of particles will be deposited at what location based on its distance from the source and weight of the particles. This can further help in reinforcing the regions with a potential to fail under particulate contamination.
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Koeln, Justin P., and Andrew G. Alleyne. "Optimal Subcooling in Vapor Compression Systems via Extremum Seeking Control." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-3934.
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Building systems constitute a significant portion of the overall energy consumed each year in the U.S., and a large portion of this energy is used by air-conditioning systems. Therefore, the efficiency of these systems is important. This paper presents a method to increase system efficiency using an alternative system architecture for vapor compression systems. This architecture creates an additional degree of freedom which allows for independent control of condenser subcooling. It is found that there exists a non-zero subcooling that maximizes system efficiency; however, this optimal subcooling can change with different operating conditions. Thus, extremum seeking control is applied to find and track the optimal subcooling using only limited information of the system. In a simulation case study, a 10% reduction in energy consumption is reported when using the alternative system architecture and extremum seeking control when compared to a conventional system configuration.
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Wen, Jin, and Theodore F. Smith. "Development and Validation of Online Parameter Estimation for HVAC Systems." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32432.
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Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems of buildings consume nearly 50 percent of the world’s energy. To improve energy efficiency, to increase occupant comfort, and to provide better system operation and control for these systems, online estimation of system parameters, including system thermophysical parameters and thermal loads, is desirable. Several reported studies have presented simulation results and assumed that the thermal loads are known. A difficulty in HVAC system parameter estimation is that most HVAC systems are nonlinear, have multiple and time varying parameters, and require an estimate of the thermal load for a building zone. In this study, the building zone and variable-air-volume unit are modeled. The system parameters including the thermal load are estimated using the recursive-least-squares method with variable forgetting factor. The sensitivity of the estimation results to different factors is examined. Different experiments are used to validate the estimation results. The comparisons between the experiments and the estimation results show good agreement.
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Sultana, Tanzeen, Graham L. Morrison, Siddarth Bhardwaj, and Gary Rosengarten. "Heat Loss Characteristics of a Roof Integrated Solar Micro-Concentrating Collector." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54254.
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Concentrating solar thermal systems offer a promising method for large scale solar energy collection. It is feasible to use concentrating solar thermal systems for rooftop applications such as domestic hot water, industrial process heat and solar air conditioning for commercial, industrial and institutional buildings. This paper describes the thermal performance of a new low-cost solar thermal micro-concentrating collector (MCT), which uses linear Fresnel reflector technology and is designed to operate at temperatures up to 220°C. The modules of this collector system are approximately 3 meters long by 1 meter wide and 0.3 meters high. The objective of the study is to optimize the design to maximise the overall thermal efficiency. The absorber is contained in a sealed enclosure to minimise convective losses. The main heat losses are due to natural convection inside the enclosure and radiation heat transfer from the absorber tube. In this paper we present the results of a computational investigation of radiation and convection heat transfer in order to understand the heat loss mechanisms. A computational model for the prototype collector has been developed using ANSYS-CFX, a commercial computational fluid dynamics software package. Radiation and convection heat loss has been investigated as a function of absorber temperature. Preliminary ray trace simulation has been performed using SolTRACE and optical efficiency has been evaluated. Finally, the MCT collector efficiency is also evaluated.
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Mann, Adrien, and Franck Pérot. "Direct Transmission Loss Calculation of Simplified Muffler Configurations Using a Lattice-Boltzmann Method." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63941.
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Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM) is broadly used for the simulation of aeroacoustics problems. This time-domain CFD/CAA approach is transient, explicit and compressible and offers an accurate and efficient solution to simultaneously resolve turbulent flows and their corresponding flow-induced noise radiation. Some examples of applications are ground transportation wind-noise problems, buffeting, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), fan noise, etc. As shown in previous studies, LBM can also be used to accurately handle linear acoustics problems if the source of noise is not a flow but a simple acoustic source. This set of capabilities makes LBM a suitable candidate for evaluating the acoustics performances of exhaust systems and mufflers. Compared to other traditional acoustics methods, LBM presents the advantage to skip tedious volume meshing operations since the mesh generation is fully automatic. Furthermore, considering that all geometrical details are included in the simulation domain and that LBM is explicit, high frequencies mechanisms up to 10–20 kHz can be captured. The upper frequency limit is indeed solely driven by the spatial resolution used to discretize the system. In this paper, three academic 3-D geometries representative of production muffler systems are studied. Transmission Loss (TL) measurements are performed on three configurations and these experiments are reproduced numerically with LBM. The experimental setup is described in a first part and the numerical details are given in a second part and third part. In particular, the method used to calculate the TL in the simulation and the convergence of the results with respect to the spatial resolution are shown. In a third part, the simulations are compared to the TL measurements and a numerical investigation of the effect of geometry details on the simulated results is proposed. This study highlights the sensitivity of acoustics measurements to geometry details.