Journal articles: 'Air conditioning – Design and construction'

1

Levermore, Geoffrey, Stefan Vandaele, and John Parkinson. "Temperature adjustments for design data for urban air conditioning design." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417748246.

Full text

Abstract:

The urban heat island, where the urban area air temperature is higher than the nearby rural or semi-rural air temperature reference site, is now hopefully well known. The urban heat island intensity is the actual urban air temperature minus the rural air temperature. However, the “air conditioned urban heat island intensity” is measured by the air temperature sensor in an air conditioning condenser unit minus the rural air temperature. This is often different to the standard urban heat island intensity. Designers need to appreciate this difference, as it determines how the air conditioning system performs. It is most likely affected by the radiant temperature. This can also vary significantly from the rural, semi-rural radiant temperature due to the variation in solar absorptance of the urban buildings and the shading effects. Measurements have shown significant variations in the infrared temperatures over the urban areas. Calculations of the radiant absorption and long wave radiation loss also show significant differences to the rural counterparts in frequency and magnitude. This “surface urban heat island” is important for air conditioning plant situated often in areas exposed to solar irradiation. The exhaust air from the air conditioning units itself is also briefly considered. This paper examines these effects and proposes how the engineer can include for them in design. Practical application:The results of this paper will be useful for designers of buildings with air conditioning and air conditioning plant itself to assess the effect of the micro urban heat island. This micro urban heat island surrounds the air conditioning plant. The example is for London.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Hung, Tsung Hsin, Cheng Ho Chen, Jin Shyong Lin, Chien Wen Chung, and Win Jet Luo. "Construction and Analysis of Personalized Air-Conditioning System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.615.

Full text

Abstract:

This study applied the thermoelectric chip design and the establishment of the personalized air-conditioning system in the design of the single duct and double duct structures. According to the actual measurement results when the ambient temperature was 29°C, the air outlet temperature of the two structures was 22°C, 24°C respectively; the power consumption was 133W, 134W respectively. FLUENT was used to simulate the spatial flow field and temperature field for comparison to learn about the spatial temperature distribution status of the air-conditioning system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Li, Si Qi, and Rui Li. "Analysis of Air Conditioning Energy Saving Measures." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2526.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper analyzes the significance of air conditioning energy efficient, and analysis from the three aspects of the design, construction, operation and management of the air conditioning system to achieve energy saving measures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Li, Kui Ning, and Shuai Chen. "Design of Air Conditioning Unit Performance Test Bench for Rail Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (December 2014): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.666.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on the methods and standards related to both domestic and overseas air conditioning unit performance testing, a new air conditioning unit performance test bench for measuring refrigerating capacity has been developed. The test bench, which includes removable exterior environment simulation room and interior environment simulation room, applies air enthalpy method to measure refrigerating capacity of air conditioning unit. The experiment result shows that exterior environment simulation room can save 50% construction cost by using removable room. Its room temperature has high accuracy and stability by using hot air of air conditioning unit and exterior air, which can save 50%-60% energy consumption. The accuracy of testing Bench is less than 4%, which is better than the national standard GB/T 19842-2005.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Fung, A. S., F. Hamdullahpur, and V. I. Ugursal. "Design and Construction of a Computer-Controlled Laboratory Air Conditioning Unit." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 19, no. 1 (January 1991): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030641909101900112.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Shu, Bin, Erbao Li, and Xianji Meng. "Discussion on Electrical Design of Passive Residential Building." Frontiers Research of Architecture and Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/frae.v1i1.6.

Full text

Abstract:

As the national buildings in each climate zone and passive low energy consumption building demonstration projects expand, there has been a wave of innovation across the construction industry. China is also becoming a hot zone for energy-efficient and high-performance passive buildings. Along with the traditional passive building structure, steel structure passive construction, assembled PC structure passive construction such as the emergence of various types of passive construction, as well as a variety of new building materials, doors and Windows, and air conditioning air equipment, put forward a new challenge for building electrical engineering design personnel and requirements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Hassanain, Mohammad A., and Edward L. Harkness. "Design Guidelines for Replacement of Air-Conditioning Systems." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 14, no. 3 (August 2000): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(2000)14:3(112).

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Farfán, Ricardo Fabricio Muñoz, Telly Yarita Macías Zambrano, Fausto Roberto Andrade Badillo, and Adrián Adalberto Hernández Solís. "Design and construction of an industrial ship conditioning system." International journal of physical sciences and engineering 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijpse.v4n1.423.

Full text

Abstract:

This project is based on the design and construction of an industrial air conditioning system for the improvement of the working thermal comfort of workers that for various reasons there is the trend of the increase in body temperature are these by machines, equipment or the same work activities, which affects the productive performance and possible health risks. During development, the selection of mechanical equipment such as the fan, water pump, ventilation transport ducts is studied with high rates of energy efficiency. In the light of the above, the environmental economic partner alternative is chosen to implement the evaporative conditioning system, conducive to working in open places to lower the temperature by labor and technology installed in the production areas, as well as the extraction of fumes derived from production processes. The importance of the evaporative conditioning system is to derive the appropriate mechanisms to take advantage of the surface heat transfer of a panel and copper and aluminum coil using water, and thus take advantage of its temperature differential reaching 25oC, with an average humidity of 66% and energy consumption of 0.29 KW/h.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Liang, Shao Qing. "Ground Source Heat Pump Air Conditioning System of Vertical Geothermal Heat Exchangers Heat Transfer Process and Design Calculation Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 1728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1728.

Full text

Abstract:

Geothermal heat exchanger is an important part of the GSHP air-conditioning system and different from other traditional air-conditioning systems. This article through to the geothermal heat exchanger heat transfer performance analysis and the design, derived from the geothermal heat exchanger length calculation formula, for actual engineering construction to provide a scientific basis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kumar, Mahendra, and I. N. Kar. "Design of Model-Based Optimizing Control Scheme for an Air-Conditioning System." HVAC&R Research 16, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 565–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2010.10390922.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Huang, Gongsheng, and Tin-Tai Chow. "Uncertainty shift in robust predictive control design for application in CAV air-conditioning systems." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 32, no. 4 (March 29, 2011): 329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624411399686.

Full text

Abstract:

Constant-air-volume (CAV) air-conditioning systems consist mainly of two local processes: an air-handling process and a room temperature process. A robust model predictive control (RMPC) strategy was developed for CAV air-conditioning systems, which adopted two uncertain first-order plus time-delay models to describe the dynamics of the local processes and used a linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based optimisation technique to optimise the control law. This paper develops a new control design, which reformulates the prediction models by shifting the uncertainties of the first model into the second one, and then uses the reformulated prediction models in the RMPC strategy. This paper will show that compared with the original design, the new control design can enhance the feasibility of the optimisation of control law, reduce the computational burden of the optimisation and also remove the requirement of a sensor for supply air temperature in the original design. Practical applications: The new design method is a further development of a RMPC strategy presented in Xu et al.13 It inherits the benefits of the original control design for practical application, i.e. uncertainties and constraints can be dealt with simultaneously in the design and the robustness of the controlled system can be enhanced. The new design improves the optimisation feasibility, reduces the computational complexity and does not need to measure the supply air temperature. When the new design is adopted to replace the traditional PI control, there is no necessity to change the existent input structure of the PI control. Hence, the new design can be realised in practice easier than the original design.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Sadeghi, H., R. Amrollahi, and S. Fazelpour. "Design, simulation, and construction an air-conditioning system to eliminate any pathogenic microorganisms in the air." Physics of Plasmas 28, no. 7 (July 2021): 073509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0022110.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Hicks, W., and S. B. Riffat. "Design, construction and modelling of an absorption heat pump system for air conditioning." International Journal of Ambient Energy 19, no. 3 (July 1998): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.1998.9675703.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Prasartkaew, Boonrit, and S. Kumar. "Design of a renewable energy based air-conditioning system." Energy and Buildings 68 (January 2014): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.09.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Zharov, Anton A., and Alexey V. Kasatkin. "Energy Efficient Air Conditioning System of the Temple Complex." MATEC Web of Conferences 324 (2020): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032403006.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this work is to develop a year-round energy-efficient air conditioning system for the temple complex, that meets modern engineering requirements and standards. And it should not violate the traditional appearance of an Orthodox church. In this article there are considered the requirements and standards for the construction of the temple complex together with the architectural solution and the geographical location of the construction entity. The proposed air conditioning system (ACS) with a pneumohydraulic diagram and design modes is described. This system is valid for the summer and winter seasons. The main element of the ACS of the temple complex is an array of heat pipes. The efficiency of the installation is achieved, first of all, due to the recovery of soil heat in the annual cycle. In addition, efficiency is increased by utilizing the heat of the waste air stream and indoor recirculation systems. The article represents a constructive solution for the proposed heat pipe and its design modes of operation in the summer and winter periods together with the expected technical characteristics in different modes of operation, as well as design options for the upper heat exchanger. There is given the concept of the arrangement of the elements of the pneumohydraulic diagram on the cartographic plan of the building and their mutual correlation with the intensity of the operating mode for the soil. And the last, but not least, the article represents a simulation of the annual soil regime, calculated by the finite element method, performed in the ANSYS computational environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Kong, Kok Haw, and Wen Tong Chong. "Static balance duct design method and temperature dependent variable air volume systems." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 6 (March 12, 2019): 698–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419836672.

Full text

Abstract:

In hot and humid tropical countries, the air-conditioning system has a high energy usage in commercial buildings. This study introduces a static balance duct design method for a temperature dependent variable air volume system. Ducts are looped together, which cause the air to self-balance and minimize the pressure loss across the duct network. The static balance duct network can easily identify the critical zone of highest pressure loss. This zone appears at the longest duct length from the air source and is always consistent for different load conditions. The air supplied to this critical zone is controlled by the zone temperature sensor, which directs feedback to the variable frequency drive fan of the air-handling unit. The rest of the variable air volume terminal units are zone temperature controlled. The duct looping design mitigates the problems in pressure variations and complements the temperature dependent control strategy. An open office case study is carried out to demonstrate the merit of the static balance duct design method. An actual installation was completed in a shopping mall. The recorded temperature readings verified that the static balance duct network and temperature dependent variable air volume air-conditioning system is operational and functional. Approximately 27% energy savings is achieved compared to the constant air volume system. Practical application: The static balance duct design method is a combination of equal friction duct design method and a loop duct network. This static balance duct network can identify the critical zone of highest pressure loss and this zone is always consistent. In this temperature-dependent variable air volume (TDVAV), the variable air volume (VAV) terminal unit at the critical zone is eliminated. The zone temperature sensor at the critical zone provides direct feedback to the variable frequency drive fan. All other terminal units are temperature dependent. The static balance TDVAV system enhances energy savings, improves the performance of VAV system and reduces the faults for VAV systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Günel, Gökçe. "Air Conditioning the Arabian Peninsula." International Journal of Middle East Studies 50, no. 3 (August 2018): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743818000570.

Full text

Abstract:

With much of the Arabian Peninsula characterized by hot and arid weather conditions during long summer seasons, residents are forced to rely on air conditioning to cool their surroundings. Before the construction of air conditioning infrastructures, many would leave the coast during the summer months to head to oases, such as Al Ain near Abu Dhabi, or live in tents in the desert to find relief from the heat. From the 1950s, European and American building practices shaped the region with little consideration of vernacular design elements or energy conservation. These building practices introduced air conditioning as a cooling method. For instance, the 1951 Report of Operations to the Saudi Arab Government by the Arabian American Oil Company explained how “automobiles, air conditioning units, sewing machines, washing machines, refrigerators, and many other modern conveniences are now readily available” in Al Hasa, a significant region for Aramco's operations on the east of Saudi Arabia. By 1952, workers residing in Aramco's camps could have air conditioning units installed in their rooms on a rental basis. Air conditioning technology reconfigured urban environments, altering the relationship between indoors and outdoors, and ultimately constituting what Jiat-Hwee Chang and Tim Winter term a “thermal modernity” that transforms how built forms are imagined and inhabited. The current widespread use of air conditioning in the region is therefore connected not only to high temperatures, but also to how air conditioning is singled out as the ultimate technical fix in confronting the climate. Other solutions to managing heat, such as improving insulation mechanisms for residences and office buildings, have been less pervasive.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

He, Shun Jun, Hai Lun Xu, Xing Can Zhong, and Ling Wang. "Subway Ventilation and Air Conditioning System Operating Mode of Study." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 2234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.2234.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, a regional standard practice in the construction of the subway stations and tunnels for the study, with the SES software, a mathematical model of the closed system, platform screen door (PSD) systems, hybrid air conditioning system (adjustable ventilated platform doors [1]) to run the program properly simulate the conditions. Analysis of annual energy consumption of each system to be; while the traditional mode of operation of the system to explore and optimization; ventilation and air conditioning system for the new subway rational design and operation and management of scientific data to provide valuable information..

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Nawaz, Hamid, and Yan Sheng Yuan. "Thermal Comfort Analysis of a Ship Air-Conditioning System Using Solidworks Flow Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 773 (September 2013): 883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.773.883.

Full text

Abstract:

The focus of this work is to simulate and optimize thermal comfort in a ship air-conditioning system by evaluating the performance of different types of air supply outlets. Thermal comfort analyses were performed in Solidworks Flow Simulation software by changing the number, type and position of air supply outlets and the comfort was optimized by evaluating the values of temperature, velocity, PMV (Predicted mean vote) & PPD (Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied). It was concluded from the results obtained from different analyses that air supply outlet is a vital part in any type of HVAC (Heating ventilation & air conditioning) system design, as its number, type and position has significant effect on the air distribution and thermal comfort in a subject space. It was also deduced that improper selection of air supply outlet can result in room air stagnation, unacceptable temperature gradients, and undesirable velocities in the occupied zone that may lead to occupant discomfort. Through this work the importance and effectiveness of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) design tools, in the design & optimization of HVAC systems has been evaluated and it was concluded that CFD design software like Solidworks flow simulation provide an excellent provision to validate different aspects of HVAC design before actual construction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Liu, Xiaochen, Xiaohua Liu, Tao Zhang, and Ying Xie. "Experimental analysis and performance optimization of a counter-flow enthalpy recovery device using liquid desiccant." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 6 (May 30, 2018): 679–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418780852.

Full text

Abstract:

The liquid desiccant enthalpy recovery is an efficient way to save energy in air-conditioning systems. In this study, a counter-flow liquid desiccant enthalpy recovery device was proposed and experimentally analyzed. Enthalpy transfer capacity, enthalpy efficiency and pressure drop per height of packing were used as indices to describe its performances. Based on the experiment results, the heat and mass transfer model of a packed tower was used to simulate and optimize the performance of this device. The maximum enthalpy efficiency and enthalpy transfer capacity were achieved when the optimal air velocity (1.9–2.1 m/s in this study) maintained to be slightly below the air velocity at the loading point and the thermal capacity ratio of air to desiccant ( m*) equaled to 1. These conclusions are valuable to both design and operation of such an enthalpy recovery device. Practical application: A counter-flow enthalpy recovery device with liquid desiccant was proposed and experimentally investigated. Based on the experiment results, a numerical model for this device was built and validated. The optimal air and desiccant mass fluxes were analyzed to maximize the enthalpy efficiency of this device, which could be higher than the conventional device with cross-flow pattern. These results could provide guidelines for both design and operation management of counter-flow enthalpy recovery devices in liquid desiccant-based air-conditioning systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Goldsworthy, M. J. "Building thermal design for solar photovoltaic air-conditioning in Australian climates." Energy and Buildings 135 (January 2017): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.11.046.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Xu, Xin, Zhe Tian, Kuixing Liu, Mingcai Li, Jun Guo, and Fengzhen Liang. "The optimal period of record for air-conditioning outdoor design conditions." Energy and Buildings 72 (April 2014): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.12.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Beran, Tobias, Johannes Hübel, Robert Maertens, Steffen Reuter, Jan Gärtner, Jürgen Köhler, and Thomas Koch. "Study of a polymer ejector design and manufacturing approach for a mobile air conditioning." International Journal of Refrigeration 126 (June 2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.01.023.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Kozák, Pavol, and Danica Košičanová. "Investigation of the use of various materials for the construction of an enthalpy exchanger." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2020-0021.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractConsidering the current gradual depletion of non-renewable primary sources, it is necessary to address the reduction of energy consumption in ventilation and air conditioning systems. Although heat recovery alone reduces the energy intensity of these systems, if moisture recovery is considered as well, the contribution in reducing energy consumption is significant. These are mainly the devices designed primarily for spaces where people stay permanently, which do not allow large fluctuations in temperature and humidity. In cooperation with the manufacturer of heat recovery exchangers, we determined our own method of comparing different types of materials that could be used to design an exchanger which would also allow moisture recovery. These results in a significant reduction in energy consumption used to humidify the air in ventilation and air conditioning systems. It is one of the possible ways how to compare individual samples that are being measured. This article primarily deals with the comparison of three different types of materials, out of the total number of twelve measured samples.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Castaño-Rosa, Raúl, Carlos Rodríguez-Jiménez, and Carlos Rubio-Bellido. "Adaptive Thermal Comfort Potential in Mediterranean Office Buildings: A Case Study of Torre Sevilla." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2018): 3091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093091.

Full text

Abstract:

The design and construction of buildings is currently subject to a growing set of requirements concerning sustainability and energy efficiency. This paper shows a case study of the Torre Sevilla skyscraper, located in the city of Seville (in the south of Spain), which has high-tech energy-efficient features and which uses air-conditioning systems during most of its operating hours. The analysis carried out starts from a simulation in which occupants’ thermal comfort are obtained, based on the adaptive comfort model defined in the standard EN 15251:2007. With this approach, it is possible to determine the number of hours during operation in which the building has adequate comfort conditions only with the help of the envelope and natural ventilation. Consequently, the remaining useful hours require the use of air-conditioning systems. The results show that it is possible to improve the thermal performance of the building due to its location in the Mediterranean climate. To do this, advanced mixed mode (through manual-opening or mechanically-controlled opening windows) and active air-conditioning are suggested. This experimental proposal provides a reduction of the occupation hours which require the use of air-conditioning equipment by 28.57%, reducing the air-conditioning demand and, consequently, the energy consumption of the building.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Yau, YH, and M. Ahmadzadehtalatapeh. "The empirical study of a four-row heat pipe heat exchanger to predict the year-round energy recovery in the tropics." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 32, no. 4 (February 23, 2011): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624410397919.

Full text

Abstract:

The effect of heat pipe heat exchanger on the heat recovery was studied in the tropics. The performance of the heat exchanger was monitored during the one week of operation (168 h) to find out the performance characteristic curves. Three coil face velocities namely, 2, 2.2 and 2.5 m/s were tested and the temperature of return air was controlled at 24°C. The relevant empirical equations were then employed for the hour-by-hour prediction of the energy recovery by the heat pipe heat exchanger for the whole year. The impact of inside design temperature on the heat recovery by the heat exchanger was also studied. The thermal performance of the heat pipe heat exchanger was simulated based on the effectiveness-NTU method and the theoretical values were compared with the experimental data. Practical application: Performance improvement of the heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems is a challenge to the designers. The results obtained from this research work could serve as a practical guide for engineers who are intending to use heat pipe heat exchangers in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems operating in tropical climates. Engineers and researchers have the potential to use the recommended empirical performance equations to examine the impact of heat pipe heat exchangers on the performance of the current air conditioning systems. Moreover, these empirical performance equations enable the year-round operating effect of heat pipe heat exchangers on energy savings to be predicted realistically.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Busakhin, Alexey. "Principles of selection and optimization of cooling systems in public buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 09013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124409013.

Full text

Abstract:

Aspects of selecting the most effective refrigerating machine for air conditioning systems, taking into account the comparative analysis of the energy efficiency of the refrigerating machine are considered. The purpose of the work is to improve the regulatory framework governing the design, construction and operation of buildings and structures, to obtain sufficient theoretical and reliable calculated data to determine the standardized parameters and clarify the requirements for the design, construction and operation of buildings and structures. The requirements should be focused on ensuring safe for human health conditions of residence and stay in buildings and structures and the energy efficiency of buildings and structures in order to implement the requirements of the Federal Law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ “Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures”. The aim of the study is to ensure the protection of the life and health of citizens, property of individuals and legal entities, state or municipal property, to bring methods for determining operational characteristics and assessment methods to the uniformity, to ensure mutual consistency of existing regulatory technical documents in the construction industry. The object of the study is the refrigeration and air conditioning systems of public buildings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Zhang, Jiawen. "Design and Technical Analysis of HVAC Ventilation System in Green Building." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 03039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126103039.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years, the construction industry has developed rapidly, and there are more and more urban construction projects. The corresponding design requirements for HVAC systems are also getting higher and higher. HVAC has been widely used in all kinds of buildings. While providing convenience for people, environmental pollution has gradually become a topic of concern for people. Therefore, when designing the HVAC system, HVAC not only meets the needs of customers, but also uses green energy saving technology to reduce energy consumption as far as possible. Reduce environmental pollution, so that the HVAC ventilation system of tall buildings can be in a stable and efficient operation state. Improve the operation effect of air conditioning, while reducing energy consumption.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Abdel-Salam, Ahmed H., and Carey J. Simonson. "Optimal design, sizing and operation of heat-pump liquid desiccant air conditioning systems." Science and Technology for the Built Environment 26, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744731.2019.1653625.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Mihai, Victor, and Liliana Rusu. "An Overview of the Ship Ventilation Systems and Measures to Avoid the Spread of Diseases." Inventions 6, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions6030055.

Full text

Abstract:

This article presents a review of the main aspects regarding the current rules of classification societies, standards, and practice regarding the design and construction of ventilation and air conditioning systems for different compartments in different types of ships. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper also presents the usual practice of the actual heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems used on large ships, which recirculate the air between living compartments, in comparison with the new requirements to avoid the risk of spreading diseases. According to the rules, the technical compartments are provided with independent ventilation systems that ensure high air flow rates; therefore, the spread of diseases through this system is not an issue. The living spaces are provided with common ventilation and air conditioning systems that recirculate the air in all compartments served. The current practice of air recirculation in various living rooms leads to the spread of diseases, which should therefore be analyzed and improved by adding high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters and UV disinfection or be replaced with individual systems that provide local heating or cooling without air recirculation between different rooms and fresh air supply with complete evacuation. For existing ships, different solutions should be analyzed such as reducing or cancelling recirculation and increasing filtration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kolosov, Michail A., Kirill S. Egorov, Bronislav B. Novitskiy, Nikolay S. Malastowski, and Larisa V. Stepanova. "Numerical modeling of ventilation and air conditions systems of large sport and culture centres." MATEC Web of Conferences 324 (2020): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032403008.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the most promising applications of highly effective computer technology (supercomputers) is numerical simulation of complex physical and thermophysical proccesses occuring in vast areas of concert halls and sport arenas while heating, ventilating and air conditioning. According to Russian technical standarts for building construction, numerical modeling of these systems should be carried out on the stage of their design. The variety of problems and demands, lack of understanding of the physical process involved and the necessity to make genuine decisions are encountered while conducting such a work. The experience in modeling of ventilation and air conditioning systems of Bolshoi Krenlevskyi Palace concert halls and the Moscow Conservatory named after P.I. Chaikovskyi, Zaryadie Park Philarmony concert hall and a covered ice rink arena is described.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Guo, Hai Qing. "Research and Simulation of Energy-Saving Hierarchical Design Model for Differentiate Architecture." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 1026–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1026.

Full text

Abstract:

Energy-saving hierarchical design model is established for differentiate architecture. From current status of China's construction, exploration research is established on energy-saving hierarchical design model of differentiate architecture to evaluate indicator system of energy-saving building. Availability of evaluation information in index system is low, so it is difficult to play the role of evaluation of building energy-efficiency. EHTV difference method is used to calculate and evaluate energy-saving design of hierarchical building, including: heat transfer indicator of building envelope targets, air conditioning and heating consumption, basis of EHTV indicators.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Wang, Yong, Kelvin K. L. Wong, Hongmei Du, Jing Qing, and Jiyuan Tu. "Design configuration for a higher efficiency air conditioning system in large space building." Energy and Buildings 72 (April 2014): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.12.041.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Berlitz, T., and G. Matschke. "Interior air flow simulation in railway rolling stock." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 216, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440902321029181.

Full text

Abstract:

For the thermal comfort of passengers in modern trains thermodynamic parameters such as pressure, temperature and relative humidity are important, but also technical features such as location, velocity and direction of the air supplied to the compartment must not be neglected. By applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to the simulation of the interior air flow, time- and cost effectiveness can be increased significantly: in an early development phase, where influencing the design and the concept is still possible with low additional effort, air conditioning can be optimized in a very cost- and time-effective way. Thus, by exceeding the normative requirements the passenger's needs are met more closely and more easily. After validation of the method and numerical model by full-scale measurements, a powerful and sound tool for parameter variations and the design and construction of air-conditioning facilities is obtained. The interior air flow in the first-class compartment of a regional train was simulated numerically. Thermodynamic and aerodynamic parameters were measured in a full-scale test train for the validation. The results show the ability of CFD to deal with parameter variations and the prediction of thermal comfort. Benefits and drawbacks and the limits of the application of CFD have been worked out.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Ahmad Gondal, Irfan. "Design and experimental analysis of a solar thermoelectric heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system as an integral element of a building envelope." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 2 (November 19, 2018): 220–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418814067.

Full text

Abstract:

This study presents an innovative concept of a compact integrated solar-thermoelectric module that can form part of the building envelope. The heating/cooling modes use the photovoltaic electrical current to power the heat pump. The experimental analysis was carried out and the results of coefficient of performance were in the range 0.5–1 and 2.6–5 for cooling and heating functions, respectively. The study demonstrates that thermoelectric cooler can effectively be used for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning applications by integrating with solar panels especially in cooling applications. The system is environmentally friendly and can contribute in the implementation of zero energy buildings concept. Practical application: In order to help address the challenge of climate change and associated environmental effects, there is continuous demand for new technologies and applications that can be readily integrated into day-to-day life as a means of reducing anthropogenic impact. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, as one of the largest energy consumers in buildings, is the focus of many researchers seeking to reduce building energy use and environmental impact. This article proposes using facades and windows that have an integrated modules of solar photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric devices that are able to work together to achieve heating and cooling effects as required by the building without requiring any external operational power.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Farfán, Ricardo Fabricio Muñoz, Telly Yarita Macías Zambrano, Vicente Paúl Zambrano Valencia, and Victor Manuel Delgado Sosa. "Design and construction of a cold production simulator system: chiller." International journal of physical sciences and engineering 3, no. 3 (November 25, 2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijpse.v3n3.367.

Full text

Abstract:

The design and construction of a cold production system from the ice water submitted by a mechanical direct expansion system contributing to the development of knowledge in the area of air conditioning were carried out. Among the technical design parameters, a direct expansion system with cooling capacity of 9000 BTU/Hrs, R134 refrigerant gas to a turbine for the work of the Fan Coil of ½ Hp of force 220 V was selected, as was the fan motor of the cooling tower as fundamental means for heat transfer. The recirculation pumping system is carried out by pumps of 0.37 kW of power and a maximum flow of 40 l/min. For both the evaporator sump (cold) and the condenser sump (hot). The work stage is given in two independent circuits, the Fan Coil system is connected to the evaporator sump and the cooling tower, in turn, is connected to the condensation system for proper operation and achieve condensation temperatures of 35 ° C and in case of having water requirements in the cold sump, the tower is connected by means of an electromagnetic valve for its supply.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Liying, Sun, Tan Shuang, and Zhen Lujie. "Working parameter selection and analysis of radiant floor cooling combined with desk-based task/ambient conditioning (TAC) system." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, no. 1 (September 28, 2016): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624416669831.

Full text

Abstract:

As a form of task/ambient conditioning (TAC) system, task ventilation is an effective way to control the micro environment of workplace. In response, we have proposed and investigated a radiant floor cooling combined with desk-based TAC system in order to accomplish complementary advantages of radiant floor system and TAC system. Up to now, very few studies on this system have been found in existing literatures. In this paper, appropriate working parameters of the system are examined by numerical simulation method. To improve simulation accuracy, experiments were simulated in reference by applying three turbulence models and two radiation models. It turned out that the standard k–ɛ model combined with Discrete Ordinates (DO) model boasts the best accuracy as is revealed by the comparison between simulated results with the experimental. On this basis, a simulation of an office adopting the system was performed. According to analysis of the influence of different radiant panel temperatures and air supply parameters of TAC system on the thermal environment based on calculated results, the appropriate working parameters that meet the thermal comfort requirements are obtained, which can be used as a reference for the design of the system. The TRNSYS software was employed to simulate the operation energy consumption of the composite system in the office building, and the design parameters of the comprehensive consideration of comfort and energy saving are put forward in the present study. Practical application: For the conference room applied a radiant floor cooling combined with TAC system, this paper analyzed the impact of floor surface temperatures, task air supply temperature and task air supply temperature to the occupants workplace’s thermal environment and energy consumption of the system, and obtained the design parameters which comprehensive considered comfort and energy consumption. The research results of this paper can provide guideline for the design and selection of the working parameters for the conference room applied a radiant floor cooling combined with TAC system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Chang, Yu Sheng, Yuan Liang Cheng, Wen Sheng Ou, and Chi Chang Liao. "Evaluation the Feasibility of Zero-Carbon Green Building in Taiwan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 145 (December 2011): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.145.395.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to accommodate the global climate change, the idea of constructing zero-carbon green buildings has become the main stream and highest standard in building design in many countries. Located in subtropical zone, Taiwan features hot and humid weather in summer. The high usage of air conditioning is the main challenge to design zero-carbon green buildings in Taiwan. However, the temperature in the middle and high mountain areas decreases as altitude increases and makes it possible to create a living environment without using air conditioning in the summer. This project analyzed weather data in the middle and high mountain areas of Taiwan. The degree hour method and weather research and forecast model were used to evaluate the demand of air conditioning in the summer based on outside air temperature. The results showed that the low air conditioning load areas are above 1000 m elevation. This project then simulated energy consumption of a two-floor building near the Sun Moon Lake, an area of low air conditioning load, to explore the feasibility of zero-carbon green buildings in Taiwan. Based on the life style of a four-member family, a simulation process was conducted to estimate energy consumption of various appliances and different life habits. This study showed that the energy consumption in the buildings can be reduced up to 70% by using three major design strategies. These strategies include selection of a low air conditioning load location, using high energy efficient appliances, and application of energy conserving habits. Followed by renewable energy evaluation, it is possible to put zero-carbon green building into practice in Taiwan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Farfán, Ricardo Fabricio Muñoz, Telly Yarita Macías Zambrano, Victor Manuel Delgado Sosa, Jorge Daniel Menéndez López, and Germán Temístocles Ramos León. "Design and construction of a cold room with photovoltaic support for lighting." International journal of chemical & material sciences 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31295/ijcms.v3n1.600.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the problems encountered today is the inefficiency of refrigeration systems and electrical equipment. The present study proposes the manufacture of a refrigeration chamber that responds to a great variety of needs both in industrial processes, medicine, and domestic service, becoming an indispensable process within the socio-productive sector. The proposed system has an investigative scope, as a contribution to the agricultural food sector for the derivation of variables and the behavior of products (plants-food) and its method of conservation for quality towards the consumer. The type of investigation responds to the experimentation supported by an observation card with variable rate testing tests. Given the aforementioned, a freezing and refrigeration system is elaborated, taking advantage and optimizing an air conditioning system that works up to 24°C in the room and under the modification obtain temperatures of -15°C, starting from an average temperature of 29°C and a 65% relative humidity of the outside.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

TAKASE, Kozo, and Norihisa KAWASHIMA. "THERMAL ENVIRONMENT AND ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN A PASSIVE DESIGN HOUSE INSTALLING AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM UNDER THE FLOOR." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 25, no. 60 (June 20, 2019): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.25.741.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Nasirpour, Naeimeh, and Saeed Balochian. "Optimal design of fractional-order PID controllers for multi-input multi-output (variable air volume) air-conditioning system using particle swarm optimization." Intelligent Buildings International 9, no. 2 (April 12, 2016): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17508975.2016.1170659.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Huang, Pei, Yu Wang, Yongjun Sun, and Gongshend Huang. "Review of uncertainty-based design methods of central air-conditioning systems and future research trends." Science and Technology for the Built Environment 25, no. 7 (March 26, 2019): 819–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744731.2019.1570783.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Cui, Yan, Xiaogang Liu, Jintu Fan, and Dahua Shou. "Soft robotic fabric design, fabrication, and thermoregulation evaluation." Textile Research Journal 91, no. 15-16 (January 27, 2021): 1763–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520985900.

Full text

Abstract:

Usually, traditional insulation materials have a constant thermal resistance value that cannot change within the ambient temperature and will decrease as ambient humidity or external stress increases. Humans heavily rely on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to meet the thermal comfort requirements of their bodies, giving rise to energy waste and global warming. As an infinitely available natural resource, air is one of the most efficient thermal retaining substances known to science. Inspired by soft pneumatic robotics, we propose an architecture for air-driven thermoregulation fabrics called soft robotic fabrics (SRF). By changing the thickness of trapped air layer in fabric system through SRF, wearers could modify garments’ thermal insulation performance. A fabrication method is introduced to rapidly manufacture low-cost pneumatic structures using various types of construction and dimensions. With excellent ductility, elasticity, and compression resistance, the thickness of SRF increases by 12 times or more after inflation, and the fabric even can lift an object 270 times heavier than its weight. The excellent deformability can effectively increase stable air layer between clothing and skin. Based on the Predicted Mean Vote–Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied model, the thermoregulation capability of SRF helps HVAC expand the temperature setpoint range by 3–8 times when compared with traditional fabrics, and has far-reaching significance in saving energy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Sakakibara, Hikari, Takashi Akimoto, Hitomi Igarashi, Shunsuke Nakamura, and Madoka Kimura. "The Examination of Air Blowing Method and Thermal Comfort of Variable Air Conditioning System using Coanda Effect." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101079.

Full text

Abstract:

The “Strategic Energy Plan” implemented by the Cabinet of Japan in 2014 strives for zero energy building design for typical new construction by 2030. The present study focuses on a ductless and variable air conditioning system, using the Coanda effect, with the aim of reducing fan power, and saving of resources by reducing the space between the ceiling. In this study, we examined the air blowing method and evaluated thermal comfort using computational fluid dynamics as well as subjective perception of coolness in a midsize office. A draft zone was reduced by extending the interval between conditioned air outlets. However, if the extension of throw length was excessive, hot space would be formed near the air outlets, and there would be a risk of impacting thermal comfort. Moreover, we confirmed that the thermal comfort was generally favourable. In particular, perceived thermal comfort was better at the position in the office where the air flow landed on the upper body of the subjects. On the other hand, it decreased when the influence of the air flow was small, and at the point where air flow landed on the lower body of the subjects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Gola, Marco, Gaetano Settimo, and Stefano Capolongo. "Indoor air in healing environments." Facilities 37, no. 9/10 (July 1, 2019): 600–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-01-2018-0008.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose Several countries have carried out air quality monitoring in professional workplaces where chemicals are used. Health-care spaces have been less investigated. This paper aims to define a protocol, as developed by a research group, for inpatient rooms to understand the state of the art and to suggest design and management strategies for improving process quality. Design/methodology/approach Starting from the ISO-16000 standard and guidelines for monitoring activities, a protocol is defined for a one year investigation, with passive samplers. Through data analysis of the investigations and analysis of the cleaning and finishing products, heating, ventilation and air conditioning and maintenance activities, etc., it is possible to highlight the potential influences of chemical pollution. Findings A methodology is defined for understanding the chemical pollution and the possible factors related to construction materials, cleaning products and maintenance activities. Research limitations/implications The paper analyzes only a limited number of case studies because the monitoring activity is still in progress. Practical implications The investigation offers a starting point for a wide tool for the definition of design, maintenance and management strategies in health-care facilities. Social implications The research project, aimed at improving the knowledge of indoor air quality (IAQ) in inpatient rooms, is a starting point for a supporting tool for future regulations concerning health-care facilities. Originality/value IAQ is an issue on which many governments are focusing. Several health-care researchers have reported studies that aim at improving users’ health. Most investigations are about biological and physical risks, but chemical risks have been less studied. The paper suggests some design and management strategies for inpatient room.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Niu, Xiaofeng, Yue Zhang, Xing Li, Yan Tong, and Guangli Zhang. "Performance analysis of a liquid desiccant system with an adjustable reflux ratio of regeneration solution." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, no. 1 (September 28, 2016): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624416669830.

Full text

Abstract:

In the liquid desiccant system, the amount of the diluted solution sent to the regenerator has a great influence on the system performance. The liquid desiccant system with an adjustable reflux ratio of regeneration solution was proposed in the paper, and the effect of the solution regeneration reflux ratio on the system performance was analysed by simulation. The energy consumption, the electric coefficient of performance and the thermal coefficient of performance under different water condensation rates and varied solution regeneration reflux ratio were obtained. The results show that, the overall performance of the liquid desiccant system can be improved by reducing the solution regeneration reflux ratio; a 1% decrease in the reflux ratio leads to a 0.56–1.02% average growth rate of electric coefficient of performance and a 0.51–0.95% average growth rate of thermal coefficient of performance. Moreover, when the regeneration temperature is high and the water condensation rate of the process air is low, the improvement from decreasing the solution regeneration reflux ratio is more significant. However, the reflux ratio cannot be reduced to an unlimited extent. There is a rational optimum range of the reflux ratio to achieve high thermal coefficient of performance, the optimum range under low dehumidifying load is different from that under high load. Practical application: The performance of a liquid desiccant system can be improved by the proposed system configuration with an adjustable reflux ratio of regeneration solution, such novel system configuration could be applied for the design of air conditioning system, which is beneficial for the energy saving in building. Moreover, the rational optimum ranges of the reflux ratio to achieve high coefficient of performance under different dehumidifying loads are obtained, which could provide guidelines for the design and operation management of the liquid desiccant based building air conditioning system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Zhuang, Chaoqun, Shengwei Wang, and Kui Shan. "Probabilistic optimal design of cleanroom air-conditioning systems facilitating optimal ventilation control under uncertainties." Applied Energy 253 (November 2019): 113576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113576.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Du, Zheng, and Yong Sheng Zhang. "Paying Attention to the Application of Ecological Strategy to Construction Design." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 860–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.860.

Full text

Abstract:

Construction affects ecological environment as well as mankind. It continuously influences the surroundings, user’s life and especially highly developed cities in our country. Ecological construction will become the main stream in the 21st century. Construction is closely related to the sustainable development which is composed of three important aspects, namely, environment protection, economic development and social progress. Ecological construction should be a part of sustainable development. Facing the main problems in ecological environment and construction design in China, this paper suggests that in the construction design the application of ecological strategy should be paid attention to, and that to promote the ecological construction design should rely on the enhancing of the ecological consciousness of whole society, the strengthening of the communication between man and the natural environment, and the perfecting of laws on the ecological building design.Building in the people, nature and social - economic compound ecological system, not only affects the earth's ecological system, and directly related to the survival and development of the human being. The rapid development of construction industry in our country, the neglect building, and the natural ecological environment, the coordination between the various technical equipment in use, the improvement of people's living environment, give people bring convenient and comfortable at the same time, also produced many negative effect and harm, such as the construction of environmental pollution, building materials the harmful elements, noise, "air conditioning syndrome" trapped around the people's life and health. Therefore, we must pay attention to ecological strategy application in architectural design.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Sigalingging, Roy Candra, David Chow, and Steve Sharples. "Applying the Passivhaus standard to a terraced house in a hot and humid tropical climate – Evaluation of comfort and energy performance." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 41, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624420912511.

Full text

Abstract:

In a hot and humid tropical climate, natural ventilation brings high levels of moisture into dwellings that, together with occupant activity, can result in very elevated internal relative humidity levels. Coupling these high relative humidities with high internal air temperatures creates occupant thermal discomfort, which is typically ameliorated in the tropics using energy-intensive air conditioning systems. This paper has investigated the potential benefits for thermal comfort and energy usage of applying the German Passivhaus standard to tropical dwellings. By creating a super insulated and air-tight envelope, the Passivhaus standard reduces fabric heat transfer, controls air infiltration and provides low-energy comfort. Applying this approach to a tropical terraced house might be effective but could, potentially, have an adverse impact on mechanical cooling demand. This study took an actual terraced property in Jakarta, Indonesia and thermally modelled its performance as insulation and airtightness levels were incrementally improved up to the Passivhaus standard. Field measurements in the dwelling of air temperature and relative humidity were used to validate the thermal model of the existing house. The validated model then tested the feasibility of meeting the Passivhaus energy standard for cooling in the modified tropical house. Simulation allowed the effects of air conditioning (AC) and dehumidifiers on thermal comfort and cooling loads to be investigated. The research develop the Passivhaus building model that had the floor insulation removed to let the ground floor act as a thermal sink and potentially provide radiant cooling. Analysis revealed that the building’s predicted air temperatures were affected in a beneficial way by having the Passivhaus without floor insulation. Practical application: Cooling in hot and humid tropical region is an energy-intensive approach. Design approaches that can bring comfort and save energy for the occupant are essential. The success of Passivhaus standard in mild climate might be transferable to bring comfort in tropical housing. Best practice can be developed by analysing the Passivhaus building performance in hot and humid tropical region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Olorunmaiye, J. A., K. R. Ajao, and I. S. Omolehin. "Effect of Climate Change on Outside Air Design Temperature for Air Conditioning Cooling Load Calculations For Ikeja and Ilorin, Nigeria." Energy Engineering 109, no. 2 (February 2012): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01998595.2012.10483747.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Air conditioning – Design and construction'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles