Relevant bibliographies by topics / Air conditioning – Design and construction

Academic literature on the topic 'Air conditioning – Design and construction'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Air conditioning – Design and construction"

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Levermore, Geoffrey, Stefan Vandaele, and John Parkinson. "Temperature adjustments for design data for urban air conditioning design." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417748246.

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The urban heat island, where the urban area air temperature is higher than the nearby rural or semi-rural air temperature reference site, is now hopefully well known. The urban heat island intensity is the actual urban air temperature minus the rural air temperature. However, the “air conditioned urban heat island intensity” is measured by the air temperature sensor in an air conditioning condenser unit minus the rural air temperature. This is often different to the standard urban heat island intensity. Designers need to appreciate this difference, as it determines how the air conditioning system performs. It is most likely affected by the radiant temperature. This can also vary significantly from the rural, semi-rural radiant temperature due to the variation in solar absorptance of the urban buildings and the shading effects. Measurements have shown significant variations in the infrared temperatures over the urban areas. Calculations of the radiant absorption and long wave radiation loss also show significant differences to the rural counterparts in frequency and magnitude. This “surface urban heat island” is important for air conditioning plant situated often in areas exposed to solar irradiation. The exhaust air from the air conditioning units itself is also briefly considered. This paper examines these effects and proposes how the engineer can include for them in design. Practical application:The results of this paper will be useful for designers of buildings with air conditioning and air conditioning plant itself to assess the effect of the micro urban heat island. This micro urban heat island surrounds the air conditioning plant. The example is for London.
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Hung, Tsung Hsin, Cheng Ho Chen, Jin Shyong Lin, Chien Wen Chung, and Win Jet Luo. "Construction and Analysis of Personalized Air-Conditioning System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.615.

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This study applied the thermoelectric chip design and the establishment of the personalized air-conditioning system in the design of the single duct and double duct structures. According to the actual measurement results when the ambient temperature was 29°C, the air outlet temperature of the two structures was 22°C, 24°C respectively; the power consumption was 133W, 134W respectively. FLUENT was used to simulate the spatial flow field and temperature field for comparison to learn about the spatial temperature distribution status of the air-conditioning system.
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Li, Si Qi, and Rui Li. "Analysis of Air Conditioning Energy Saving Measures." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2526.

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This paper analyzes the significance of air conditioning energy efficient, and analysis from the three aspects of the design, construction, operation and management of the air conditioning system to achieve energy saving measures.
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Li, Kui Ning, and Shuai Chen. "Design of Air Conditioning Unit Performance Test Bench for Rail Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (December 2014): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.666.

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Based on the methods and standards related to both domestic and overseas air conditioning unit performance testing, a new air conditioning unit performance test bench for measuring refrigerating capacity has been developed. The test bench, which includes removable exterior environment simulation room and interior environment simulation room, applies air enthalpy method to measure refrigerating capacity of air conditioning unit. The experiment result shows that exterior environment simulation room can save 50% construction cost by using removable room. Its room temperature has high accuracy and stability by using hot air of air conditioning unit and exterior air, which can save 50%-60% energy consumption. The accuracy of testing Bench is less than 4%, which is better than the national standard GB/T 19842-2005.
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Fung, A. S., F. Hamdullahpur, and V. I. Ugursal. "Design and Construction of a Computer-Controlled Laboratory Air Conditioning Unit." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 19, no. 1 (January 1991): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030641909101900112.

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Shu, Bin, Erbao Li, and Xianji Meng. "Discussion on Electrical Design of Passive Residential Building." Frontiers Research of Architecture and Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/frae.v1i1.6.

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As the national buildings in each climate zone and passive low energy consumption building demonstration projects expand, there has been a wave of innovation across the construction industry. China is also becoming a hot zone for energy-efficient and high-performance passive buildings. Along with the traditional passive building structure, steel structure passive construction, assembled PC structure passive construction such as the emergence of various types of passive construction, as well as a variety of new building materials, doors and Windows, and air conditioning air equipment, put forward a new challenge for building electrical engineering design personnel and requirements.
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Hassanain, Mohammad A., and Edward L. Harkness. "Design Guidelines for Replacement of Air-Conditioning Systems." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 14, no. 3 (August 2000): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(2000)14:3(112).

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Farfán, Ricardo Fabricio Muñoz, Telly Yarita Macías Zambrano, Fausto Roberto Andrade Badillo, and Adrián Adalberto Hernández Solís. "Design and construction of an industrial ship conditioning system." International journal of physical sciences and engineering 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijpse.v4n1.423.

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This project is based on the design and construction of an industrial air conditioning system for the improvement of the working thermal comfort of workers that for various reasons there is the trend of the increase in body temperature are these by machines, equipment or the same work activities, which affects the productive performance and possible health risks. During development, the selection of mechanical equipment such as the fan, water pump, ventilation transport ducts is studied with high rates of energy efficiency. In the light of the above, the environmental economic partner alternative is chosen to implement the evaporative conditioning system, conducive to working in open places to lower the temperature by labor and technology installed in the production areas, as well as the extraction of fumes derived from production processes. The importance of the evaporative conditioning system is to derive the appropriate mechanisms to take advantage of the surface heat transfer of a panel and copper and aluminum coil using water, and thus take advantage of its temperature differential reaching 25oC, with an average humidity of 66% and energy consumption of 0.29 KW/h.
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Liang, Shao Qing. "Ground Source Heat Pump Air Conditioning System of Vertical Geothermal Heat Exchangers Heat Transfer Process and Design Calculation Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 1728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1728.

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Geothermal heat exchanger is an important part of the GSHP air-conditioning system and different from other traditional air-conditioning systems. This article through to the geothermal heat exchanger heat transfer performance analysis and the design, derived from the geothermal heat exchanger length calculation formula, for actual engineering construction to provide a scientific basis.
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Kumar, Mahendra, and I. N. Kar. "Design of Model-Based Optimizing Control Scheme for an Air-Conditioning System." HVAC&R Research 16, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 565–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2010.10390922.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Air conditioning – Design and construction"

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Neale, James Richard Mechanical &amp Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Experimental and numerical investigation of noise generation from the expansion of high velocity HVAC flows on board ocean going fast ferries." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/28371.

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This thesis details a study of strategies used to limit the flow generated noise encountered in the outlet diffusers of high velocity heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) duct systems. The underlying noise rating criterion is drawn from the specifications covering ocean going aluminium fast ferries. Although directed primarily towards the fast ferry industry the results presented herein are applicable to other niche high velocity HVAC applications. Experimental tests have been conducted to prove the viability of a high velocity HVAC duct system in meeting airflow requirements whilst maintaining acceptable passenger cabin noise levels. A 50 mm diameter circular jet of air was expanded using a primary conical diffuser with a variety of secondary outlet configurations. Noise measurements were taken across a velocity range of 15 to 60 m/s. An optimum outlet design has been experimentally identified by varying the diffuser angle, outlet duct length and the termination grill. A 4 to 5 fold reduction in required duct area was achieved with the use of a distribution velocity of 20 to 30 ms-1, without exceeding the prescribed passenger cabin noise criteria. The geometric configuration of the diffuser outlet assembly was found to have a pronounced effect on the noise spectrum radiating from the duct outlet. The development of a numerical model capable of predicting the flow induced noise generated by airflow exiting a ventilation duct is also documented. The model employs a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) CFD model to calculate the turbulent flow field through the duct diffuser section and outlet. The flow-generated noise is then calculated using a far field acoustic postprocessor based on the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings integral based formulation of Lighthill???s acoustic analogy. Time varying flow field variables are used to calculate the fluctuating noise sources located at the duct outlet and the resulting far field sound pressure levels. This result is then used to calculate the corresponding far field sound intensity and sound power levels. The numerical acoustic model has been verified and validated against the measured experimental results for multiple outlet diffuser configurations.
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Tan, Junyi, and 譚軍毅. "Investigation of novel liquid desiccant cooling system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42664251.

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Taylor, Creed. "Measurement of Finned-Tube Heat Exchanger Performance." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4890.

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Finned-tube heat exchangers are predominantly used in space conditioning systems, as well as other applications requiring heat exchange between two fluids. One important widespread use is in residential air conditioning systems. These residential cooling systems influence the peak demand on the U.S. national electrical system, which occurs on the hot summer afternoons, and thereby sets the requirement for the expensive infrastructure requirement of the nations power plant and electrical distribution system. In addition to this peak demand, these residential air conditioners are major energy users that dominate residential electrical costs and environmental impact. The design of finned-tube heat exchangers requires the selection of over a dozen design parameters by the designer. The refrigerant side flow and heat transfer characteristics inside the tubes have been thoroughly studied. However, the air side flow around the tube bundle and through the fin gaps is much more complex and depends on over a dozen design parameters. Therefore, experimental measurement of the air side performance is needed. First this study built an experimental system and developed methodology for measuring the air side heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of fin tube heat exchangers. This capability was then used to continue the goal of expanding and clarifying the present knowledge and understanding of air side performance to enable the air conditioner system designer in verifying an optimum fin tube condenser design. In this study eight fin tube heat exchangers were tested over an air flow face velocity range of 5 ?? ft/s (675-1600cfm). The raw data were reduced to the desired heat transfer and friction data, j and f factors. This reduced heat transfer and friction data was plotted versus Reynolds number and compared. The effect of fin spacing, the number of rows and fin enhancement were all investigated. The heat transfer and friction data were also plotted and compared with various correlations available from open literature. The overall accuracy of each correlation to predict experimental data was calculated. Correlations by C.C. Wang (1998b, 1999) showed the best agreement with the data. Wangs correlations (1998b, 1999) were modified to fit the current studys data.
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Vorster, Jacobus Adriaan. "Sustainable cooling alternatives for buildings." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4114.

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Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis was initiated by a Consulting Engineering Company (KV3) as a research project to investigate various options in which the efficiency and energy utilisation of conventional air conditioning systems may be enhanced by using alternative and renewable energy. Initially, eight options had been identified and through a process of determining the degree of commercialisation the alternative options were reduced to three. These options, referred to as the sustainable cooling alternatives, are active mass cooling, night flushing and roof cooling system. The roof cooling system comprised a roof-pond, roof-spray, pump and storage tank. The roof cooling system was mathematically and experimentally modelled. The roof cooling experiment was performed under a variety of weather conditions with the roof-pond and storage tank temperatures continuously recorded. The experimentally recorded temperatures were compared to the temperatures generated by the theoretical simulation calculations for the same input and weather conditions. Good agreement was found between the mathematical and experimental model. The largest discrepancy found between the simulated temperature and the experimental temperature was in the order of 1 ºC. A one-room building has been assumed to serve as a basis to which the sustainable cooling alternatives could be applied to for theoretical simulation. The one-room building had four façade walls and a flat roof slab. Night flushing, active mass cooling and the roof cooling system were applied to the one-room building such that the room air temperature and space cooling load could theoretically be simulated. The theoretical simulations were also repeated for the case where the roof-pond and roof-spray were applied as standalone systems to the one-room building. The theoretical simulation calculations were performed for typical summer weather conditions of Stellenbosch, South Africa. Under base case conditions and for a room thermostat setting of 22 ºC the peak cooling load of the one-room building was 74.73 W/m². With the application of night flushing between the hours of 24:00 and 07:00, the room cooling load was reduced by 5.2% by providing 3.9 W/m² of cooling and reducing the peak room temperature by 1.4 ºC. The active mass cooling system was modelled by supplying water at a constant supply temperature of 15 ºC to a pipe network embedded in the roof slab of the one-room building. The sea may typically be considered as a cold water source for buildings situated at the coast. The active mass cooling system reduced the peak cooling load of the one-room building by 50% by providing 37.2 W/m² of cooling and reducing the peak room temperature by 6.7 ºC. When the roof-spray and roof-pond systems were applied as standalone systems to the oneroom building, the peak cooling load of the one-room building could be reduced by 30% and 51% respectively. This is equivalent to 22.3 W/m² of peak cooling by the roof-spray and 38 W/m² of peak cooling by the roof-pond. The roof-spray reduced the peak room temperature by 3.71 ºC while the roof-pond reduced the peak room temperature by 5.9 ºC. Applying the roof cooling system to the one-room building produced 46 W/m² of peak cooling which resulted in a 61.1% reduction in peak cooling load. The roof cooling system reduced the peak temperature by 8 ºC. By comparing the sustainable cooling alternatives, the roof cooling system showed to be the most effective in reducing the one-room building peak cooling load. Over a 24 hour period the roof cooling system reduced the net heat entry to the one-room building by 57.3%. In a further attempt to reduce the peak cooling load, the sustainable cooling alternatives were applied in combinations to the one-room building. The combination of night flushing and roof-spray reduced the peak cooling load by 36% while a combination of night flushing and active mass cooling reduced the peak cooling load by 55%. Combining night flushing with the roof-pond also yielded a 55% peak cooling load reduction. The combination of roofpond, active mass cooling and night flushing provided 51 W/m² of cooling which corresponded to a 68% reduction in peak cooling load. Utilising the sustainable cooling alternatives in a combination in the one-room building gave improved results when compared to the case where the sustainable cooling alternatives were employed as standalone systems. It is illustrated by means of a sensitivity analysis that the ability of the roof cooling system to produce cool water is largely influenced by ambient conditions, droplet diameter and roofspray rate. Under clear sky conditions, an ambient temperature of 15 ºC, relative humidity of 80%, a roof-spray rate of 0.02 kg/sm² and a roof-pond water level of 100mm, water could be cooled at a rate of 113 W/m². The roof-spray energy contributed to 28 W/m² whilst the night sky radiation was responsible for 85 W/m² of the water cooling. It must however be noted that the water of the roof cooling system can never be reduced to a temperature that is lower than the ambient dew point temperature.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tesis is geïnisieer deur ‘n Raadgewende Ingenieurs Maatskappy (KV3) as a navorsingsprojek om verskeie opsies te ondersoek waarmee die effektiwiteit en energie verbruik van konvensionele lugversorgingstelsels verbeter kan word deur middel van alternatiewe en hernubare energie. Agt opsies is oorspronglik geïdentifiseer en deur middel van ‘n proses waarby die graad van kommersialisering van hierdie alternatiewe maniere bepaal is, kon die opsies verminder word tot drie. Hierdie opsies, ook verwys na as die volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe, sluit in aktiewe massa verkoeling, dakverkoeling en nagventilasie. Die dakverkoelingstelsel bestaan uit dakwater, ‘n dakspuit, ‘n pomp en ‘n stoortenk. Die dakverkoelingstelsel is wiskundig en eksperimenteel gemodelleer. Die dakverkoelingseksperiment is uitgevoer onder ‘n verskeidenheid van weersomstandighede. Die dakwater asook die stoortenk se water temperatuur is voortdurend aangeteken. Dieselfde weer- en insetkondisies is gebruik vir die simulasie berekening en die temperature van die stoortenk se water en die dakwater is vergelyk met die temperatuurlesings van die eksperimentele werk. Die temperature van die eksperimentele lesings het goed vergelyk met die temperatuur simulasie berekeninge. Die grootste verskil tussen die simulasie en eksperimentele temperatuur was in die orde grootte van 1 ºC. ‘n Een-kamer gebou is aangeneem om as basis te dien waarop die volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe aangewend kon word vir teoretiese simulasie. Die een-kamer gebou het uit vier buite mure en ‘n horisontale beton dak bestaan. Nag ventilasie, aktiewe massa verkoeling en die dakverkoelingstelsel is toegepas op die een-kamer gebou en die kamer se verkoelingslas asook die kamer se lugtempertuur is teoreties gesimuleer. Die teoretiese simulasies is ook herhaal vir die geval waar die dakwater and dakspuitstelsel apart aangewend is op die een-kamer gebou. Die teoretiese simulasie berekeninge is uitgevoer vir tipiese somer weersomstandighede vir Stellenbosch, Suid Afrika. Onder basisgeval omstandighede, waar die een-kamer gebou gesimuleer is, sonder enige volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe en ‘n termostaat verstelling van 22 ºC, is die piek verkoelingslas bereken as 74.73 W/m². Met die toepassing van nagventilasie tussen die ure 24:00 en 07:00 was die piekverkoelingslas van die kamer verminder met 5.2% deur 3.9 W/m² se verkoeling te verskaf en die piekkamer temperatuur te verminder met 1.4 ºC. Aktiewe massa verkoeling is gesimuleer deur water teen ‘n konstante temperatuur van 15 ºC te verskaf aan ‘n pypnetwerk, geïnstalleer in the beton dak, van die een-kamer gebou. Geboue geleë aan die kus kan tipies seewater oorweeg as ‘n bron van koue water. Aktiewe massa verkoeling het die piekverkoelingslas van die een-kamer gebou verminder met 50% deur 37.2 W/m² se verkoeling te verskaf en die piekkamer temperatuur te verminder met 6.7 ºC. Wanneer die dakspuit- en dakwaterstelsel aangewend is op die een-kamer gebou as enkel staande stelsels, is die piekverkoelingslas verminder met 30% en 51% onderskeidelik. Dit is ekwivalent aan 22.3 W/m² se verkoeling vir die dakspuitstelsel en 38 W/m² se verkoeling vir die dakwaterstelsel. Die dakspuitstelsel het die piekkamer temperatuur verminder met 3.71 ºC terwyl die dakwaterstelsel ‘n 5.9 ºC verlaging in piekkamer temperatuur tot gevolg gehad het. Die dakverkoelingstelsel het 46 W/m² se piekverkoeling verskaf wat ‘n 61.1% vermindering in piekverkoelingslas tot gevolg gehad het. Die ooreenstemmende piek temperatuur vermindering is 8 ºC. Deur die verskeie volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe met mekaar te vergelyk, word getoon dat die dakverkoelingstelsel die mees effektiefste manier is om die een- kamer se piekverkoelingslas te verminder. Oor ‘n tydperk van 24 uur het die dakverkoelingstelsel die totale energievloei na die een-kamer gebou met 57.3% verminder. In ‘n verdere poging om die piekverkoelingslas te verminder, is die volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe toegepas in kombinasies op die een-kamer gebou. Die kombinasie van nagventilasie met die dakspuitstelsel het die piekverkoelingslas met 36% verminder, terwyl ‘n kombinasie van nagventilasie en aktiewe massa verkoeling ‘n 55% vermindering in piekverkoelingslas tot gevolg gehad het. Die kombinasie van dakwater en nagventilasie het ook ‘n piekverkoelingslas vermindering van 55% teweeggebring. Die kombinasie van dakwater, aktiewe massa verkoeling en nagventilasie het 51 W/m² se verkoeling veskaf, wat ooreenstem met ‘n 68% vermindering in piekverkoelingslas. Deur die volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe in kombinasies toe te pas op die een-kamer gebou, kon beter resultate verkry word toe dit vergelyk is met die geval waar die volhoubare verkoelingsalternatiewe as enkelstaande stelsels toegepas is. Dit is geïllustreer deur middel van ‘n sensitiwiteitsanalise dat die vermoë van die dakverkoelingstelsel om koue water te produseer, beïnvloed word deur buitelug kondisies, waterdruppel deursnee en dakspuit massa vloeitempo. Onder die oop hemelruimteomstandighede, ‘n buitelug temperatuur van 15 ºC, ‘n relatiewe humiditeit van 80%, ‘n dakspuit massa vloeitempo van 0.02 kg/sm² en dakwatervlak van 100 mm, kon water verkoel word teen ‘n tempo van 113 W/m². Die dakspuit gedeelte het 28 W/m² bygedra terwyl die nagruim radiasie sowat 85 W/m² se verkoeling verskaf het. Daar moet egter kennis geneem word dat die water temperatuur van die dakverkoelingstelsel nooit verminder kan word tot onder die buitelug doupunttemperatuur nie.
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Frink, Brandon S. "Modeling and construction of a computer controlled air conditioning system." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/362.

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Kuegler, Kurt W. "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning engineering and design /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10982.

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Shao, Jingjing. "Development of a novel energy efficient phase change emulsion for air conditioning systems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30426/.

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Buildings represent more than 40% of final global energy consumption, among which 50%-60% of energy consumption is attributed to Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. The application of phase change material emulsions (PCMEs) in air conditioning systems is considered to be a potential way of saving energy because with their relatively higher energy storage capacity, they are able to reduce flow rate whilst delivering the same amount of cooling energy. PCMEs can also simultaneously act as cold energy storage to shift peak-load to off-peak time and improve coefficient of performance of systems. However, one of the main barriers affecting the application of PCME is the difficulty in maintaining stability in the emulsions without experiencing any temperature stratification during phase change process. To this end, an innovative energy efficient phase change emulsion has been developed and evaluated. The emulsion (PCE-10) which consists of an organic PCM (RT10) and water has a phase change temperature range of 4-12°C with heat capacity of twice as much as that of water thus making it a good candidate for cooling applications. Particular attention was also paid to the selection of the surfactant blends of Tween60 and Brij52 since they are capable of minimizing the effect of sub-cooling as well as ensuring stability of the emulsion. For the purpose of testing the performance of developed PCE-10 in fin-and-tube heat exchangers, series of theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out to understand the rheological behaviour and heat transfer characteristics of the developed PCE-10 in a fin-and-tube heat exchanger. Both experimental and theoretical results were fairly close and showed that the PCE-10 did enhance the overall heat transfer rate of the heat exchanger. In order to evaluate the potential of the integrated system, whole building energy simulation was carried out with a building simulation code TRNSYS. It was found out that the required volumetric flow rate of PCE-10 was 50% less than that of water which is equivalent to 7% reduction in total energy consumption when providing the same amount of cooling power. Despite its potential in cooling systems, the viscosity of the developed sample was found to be much higher than water which could contribute to high pressure drop in a pumping system. Its thermal conductivity was also found to be about 30% lower than the value for water which could influence heat transfer process. There is therefore the need to enhance these thermophysical properties in any future investigations.
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O'Loughlin, R. L. "Optimal design of organic refrigerant reverse cycle absorption air conditioning systems /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09enso52.pdf.

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Karlsson, Ejwertz Viktor. "Design of user interface for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34806.

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The project was carried out at Karlstad University during the spring of 2014 as a degree project for a Degree of Bachelor of Science in Innovation and Design Engineering and consists of 22.5 ECTS. The supervisor was lecturer Lennart Wihk from Karlstad University. The examiner was professor Leo de Vin. The project was conducted for Swegon AB and dealt with developing a user interface for systems regulating climate parameters in indoor environments, such as hotel rooms or office environments. The area of focus has been on developing the user interface with regard to end users, giving it the right functions and making it easy to understand. Suggestions about how user interfaces of this type could look was to be delivered to Swegon. The project started with creating a foundation. This was done through literature studies, benchmarking and interviews. The information gained here was used to put together a list of requirements which was later used as a guide when developing and evaluating concepts. Idea generation-methods were used to generate concepts and the concepts were developed further to later be voted on by employees at Swegon. The votes were evaluated and two concepts were developed, based on the the voting outcome. The concepts are inspired by wishes from the end users (expressed in the interviews) and are developed with regard to principles of design. The concepts were made into prototypes, in the form of 3D-printed models. The results of the project, in short: • Two image boards. One with thoughts about functions of existing climate related user interfaces written on it, and one with thoughts of different ways of illustrating air-temperature written on it. • Explanations of and reflections about functions of four different types of user interfaces for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. • Four product semantic analyses (PSA). Three of existing user interfaces for Swegon HVAC systems and one of a concept for a user interface for HVAC systems. • Interviews with six potential end users, written down to a large extent. • A compilation of the six interviews, written down in English. • An interview with an employee at Swegon service, regarding installation of user interfaces for HVAC systems, written down to a large extent. • A functional analysis, which in this project works as a requirements specification. • 10 ideas of concepts. • Two voting-systems which are developed for use when voting for several elements which can be combined to make up a holistic concept. The voting-systems are inspired by the "morphological analysis" described by Johannesson et al. (2009). • Two final concepts of user interfaces for HVAC systems with thorough descriptions in a table in this report. The concepts are developed with respect to end users and design principles. • Simplified versions of each of the two final concepts as CAD-models and as 3D-prints.
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Ho, Wai Fuk. "Air-conditioning system design for optimum control performance in Hong Kong." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7242.

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Studies on design for control optimization of air-conditioning (a/c) system for better performance in Hong Kong are reported in this thesis. Typical plant configuration data was collected from an in-depth survey of a/c systems and control used in Hong Kong. Control performance has been used for the first time as an objective for optimizing a/c system designs. The study investigates and illustrates that optimization of a/c systems for application in the Hong Kong by simulation is promising and flexible. The accuracy of simulation is enhanced by using the survey data. The survey shows that some a/c control systems and their control strategies are not well considered in the design stage and their operation and set-up are not properly addressed. Hence, there exists optimization opportunities in the a/c system design and control strategies for a/c systems used in Hong Kong. Parameters affecting the control performance of a/c systems were investigated by carrying out experiments. Identified parameters are the objective function of optimization, controller settings, control valve and drive and, in case of direct digital control, sampling rate. The influence of these factors on the control performance is an essential consideration for the entire optimization process. Strategies in applying the findings in optimizing an a/c system for control performance by simulation were developed and suggested. This study provides platform for further simulation study of optimization in both methodologies and control strategies for a/c system design and operation.
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Books on the topic "Air conditioning – Design and construction"

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Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning: Design for building construction. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1987.

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Residential heating, ventilating, and air conditioning: Design and application. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1990.

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Mackie, E. I. Design of off-peak cooling systems: ASHRAE professional development seminar. [Atlanta, GA]: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1989.

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Stanford, Herbert W. Analysis and design of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1988.

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Dixon, John. Modern diesel technology: Heating, ventilation, air conditioning, & refrigeration. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2007.

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S, Elleson James, and American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers., eds. Cold air distribution: System design guide. Atlanta, Ga: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1996.

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Seisakujo, Maekawa. "Taiyōnetsu de reidanbōsuru kyūchaku reitō sōchi no jisshō kenkyū" seika hōkokusho: Heisei 23-nendo Kankyōshō chikyū ondanka taisaku gijutsu kaihatsu tō jigyō. [Tokyo]: Maekawa Seisakujo, 2012.

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HVAC design sourcebook. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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Haines, Roger W. HVAC systems design handbook. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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Haines, Roger W. HVAC systems design handbook. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Air conditioning – Design and construction"

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Tymkow, Paul, Savvas Tassou, Maria Kolokotroni, and Hussam Jouhara. "Air conditioning systems." In Building Services Design for Energy-Efficient Buildings, 158–84. Second edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351261166-8.

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Levy, Sidney M. "Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC)." In The Construction Superintendent’s Handbook, 284–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8494-6_22.

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Merritt, Frederick S., and James Ambrose. "Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning." In Building Engineering and Systems Design, 379–445. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0304-7_10.

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Quarini, G. L. "Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning." In Handbook of Food Factory Design, 403–26. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7450-0_16.

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Kaleem Khan, Mohd. "Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Cold Storage." In Handbook of Food Process Design, 381–429. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444398274.ch15.

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Luna, Yuridiana Rocio Galindo, Rosenberg Javier Romero Domínguez, Jonathan Ibarra Bahena, Moises Montiel González, Jesús Cerezo Román, José Eduardo Jasso Almazán, Antonio Rodríguez Martínez, et al. "Design and Construction for Hydroxides Based Air Conditioning System with Solar Collectors for Confined Roofs." In Sustainable Air Conditioning Systems. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72188.

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Stanford, Herbert W., and Adam F. Spach. "Construction Contract Administration." In Analysis and Design of Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Systems, 439–56. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429469473-17.

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Fung, Wing. "Control narratives for heating ventilation and air conditioning system for stations shafts and portals." In Crossrail Project: Infrastructure design and construction, 229–45. ICE Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/cpid.63594.229.

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"Psychrometric design." In Air Conditioning, 133–65. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315794068-15.

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"System design." In Air Conditioning, 166–203. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315794068-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Air conditioning – Design and construction"

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Khalil, Essam E. "Holistic Approach to Green Buildings From Construction Material to Services." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70283.

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Attempts to adequately design an optimum HVAC airside system that furnishes comfort and air quality in the air-conditioned spaces with efficient energy consumption represent a great challenge. Air conditioning identifies the conditioning of air for maintaining specific conditions of temperature, humidity, and dust level inside an enclosed space. The conditions to be maintained are dictated by the need for which the conditioned space is intended and comfort of users. So, the air conditioning embraces more than cooling or heating. The comfort air conditioning is defined as “the process of treating air to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and distribution to meet the comfort requirements of the occupants of the conditioned space”. Air conditioning, therefore, includes the entire heat exchange operation as well as the regulation of velocity, thermal radiation and quality of air, as well as the removal of foreign particles and vapors. Achieving occupant comfort and health is the result of a collaborative effort of environmental conditions, such as: Indoor air temperature; relative humidity; airflow velocity; pressure relationship; air movement efficiency; Contaminant concentration; Illumination and visual comfort; and sound and noise; and other factors. In the holistic approach, the totality of the effects of the heat sink and sources in the building and the technical building systems that are recoverable for space conditioning, are typically considered in the calculation of the thermal energy needs. As the technical building thermal systems losses depend on the energy input, which itself depends on the recovered system thermal sources, iteration might be required. The present paper reviews the status quo and critically analyses the appropriate approaches to sustainability.
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Mushi, Simon E., Zongli Lin, and Paul E. Allaire. "Design, Construction and Modeling of a Flexible Rotor Active Magnetic Bearing Test Rig." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23619.

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The successful industrial application of flexible rotors supported on active magnetic bearings (AMBs) requires careful attention not only to rotordynamic design aspects, but also to electromagnetic and feedback control design aspects. This paper describes the design, construction and modeling process for an AMB test rig which contains a 1.23m long flexible steel rotor, with a mass of 44.9 kg and two gyroscopic disks. The rotor typifies a small industrial centrifugal compressor designed to operate above 12,000 rpm and the first bending natural frequency. There are four AMBs — two AMBs at the shaft ends to support the shaft with a combined load capacity of 2600N and two additional AMBs at the mid and quarter spans to allow for the application of simulated destabilizing fluid or electromagnetic forces to the rotor. Simulated aerodynamic cross coupling stiffness values are to be applied to the rotor through these two internal AMBs with the goal of developing stabilizing robust controllers. The unique design allows multiple support and disturbance locations providing the ability to represent a variety of machine configurations, e.g., between bearing and overhung designs. The shaft transfer function in lateral movement has been developed with finite element model and then verified by experimental frequency response measurements. Models for the power amplifiers, position sensors, signal conditioning and data converter hardware were developed, verified experimentally and included in the overall system model. A PID controller was developed and tuned to levitate the rotor and enable further system characterization.
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Cao, Jiacong, and Hong Fang. "Investigation Into Optimal Operation of BCHP Systems in the Air-Conditioning Season." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88081.

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Building cooling, heating and power generation (BCHP) is important for the sustainable energy strategy in China because of its contribution to energy conservation and the reduction of CO2 emissions. The number of BCHP or small-scaled combined cooling, heating and power generation systems that have been put to use or are in the course of construction is steadily increasing in China. However, in many cases the performance of BCHP systems is not good enough, i.e., the average real exergetic efficiency of whole system is much lower than expected and the economic effect is not satisfactory. This is a problem that perplexes designers and plant owners and need be investigated so as to increase the knowledge of optimizing the operation of BCHP systems. In this paper the performance of a typical BCHP system is investigated using thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analyses based on the simulating results of off-design operation and the solution of performance optimization of the system. With the help of a great number of real running data of the system and the master data supplied by manufacturers, a model of the system operation is developed to simulate the whole domain of operation on off-design conditions. In order to shorten computer time the operation domain is described by a set of functions obtained by curve fitting using the numerical data from the simulation. Two models of optimization, of which the objective functions are the exergetic efficiency and gross benefit of the whole BCHP system separately, are established in virtue of these fitted functions. The simulation of off-design operation and the solution of the optimization problems supply a great number of useful data that form various graphs, which are to be the references to energy conservation and economic operation of the systems. The investigation indicates that there are some differences between the optimum working conditions obtained by the two optimization models, whereas it is inevitable that the system runs with some lower efficiency and less gross benefit when working at high cooling or heating load factors. By analyzing the data some significant conclusions are obtained, which will be helpful for the BCHP industry in China.
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Katsuta, Masafumi, Takahiro Oshiro, Akira Kaneko, Sangchul Bae, Shunji Komatsu, and Yohei Ohno. "The Development of Performance Prediction Methods for an Automotive CO2 Air Conditioning Cycle." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22317.

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In previous researches, we have been focusing on the performance of the each element heat transfer and hydraulic performance of refrigeration cycle. Experimental investigations have been repeated several times and, finally, we have substantial data base including the effect of lubricant oil. Moreover, the mal-distribution of two-phase in an evaporator can be also predicted from the experimental data base. Under these circumstances, this study is intended to effectively put the construction of an automotive CO2 air conditioning system into practical design use through the simulation using the above-mentioned data base. This paper describes the refrigeration cycle performance prediction of each element (e.g. an evaporator, a gas-cooler, and so on) by a simulation using substantial data base and various available correlations proposed by us and several other researchers. In the performance prediction model of heat exchangers, local heat transfer and flow characteristics are considered and in addition, the effects of lubricant oil on heat transfer and pressure drop are duly considered. The comparison is also made between simulation results and bench test results using a real automotive air conditioning system. Finally, the developed simulation method can predict the cooling ability successfully within ±5%. By incorporating the lubricant oil effect, the simulation results are improved to ±5% and ±15% for the cooling ability and pressure drop respectively.
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Alva, Luis H., Jorge E. Gonza´lez, and John B. Hertz. "Impact of Construction Materials in the Energy Consumption in Homes in the Caribbean." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76188.

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This investigation presents the thermal analysis of an experimental, low energy consuming home for low-income families, located in Puerto Rico, where the prevailing climate is hot and humid. The objective of this analysis is to aid in the design of energy efficient homes, which in turn will reduce energy consumption in the Island. This investigation compares the analysis of this experimental house, specifically designed for the tropics, to a similarly sized, conventionally built low-cost home. Different construction materials are evaluated in conjunction with the use of either natural ventilation or air conditioning. The impact of natural ventilation is analyzed, with results for the inside temperature and interior heat removal presented and compared. Additional energy saving strategies are evaluated, including solar thermal energy for domestic hot water production, daylighting and the use of energy efficient lights. The annual energy consumption of the proposed experimental home is calculated and compared with the energy consumption of the conventional house. The thermal load of the house is calculated through the use of mathematical simulations of the dynamic annual cooling load using well-known software such as Energy-Plus for a TMY for San Juan, Puerto Rico. Results for the inside temperature of the experimental house, the heat loss due to natural ventilation, the cooling load when air conditioning is used, and energy consumption are presented and compared with the conventional house. Results indicate that the experimental house is 30% more energy efficient when all the energy saving strategies are considered.
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Hwang, Ju Ho, Jae Seok Lee, Young Hyun Kim, and Pan Young Kim. "Evaluation Method of Thermal Comfort in Excavator Cabin." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62887.

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The thermal comfort in the cabin of construction equipment has been becoming one of the important issues of cabin design. In this study, a performance index related to thermal comfort is proposed as a way to evaluate the effect of location of air-conditioning vents. As the first step, cooling performance at the position of operator in the cabin is calculated by using CFD. For more reliable analysis, the results of the simulation are compared with experimental data. The evaluation of the thermal comfort is then carried out considering the change of the location of air-conditioning vent with the same boundary conditions. Cooling performance for initial 1 minute after turn on the air-conditioning is predicted from the results of thermal comfort. All of the results are used to optimize the location of air-conditioning vent in the cabin to improve the thermal conditions for the operator.
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Alpuche, Mari´a G., Irene Marincic, Jose´ M. Ochoa, Hugo C. Moreno, and Paloma Giottonini. "Thermal Analysis of Low-Cost Dwellings in Mexico Using Greenroofs." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54610.

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According to the National Energy Balance (1), the electricity consumption in the residential and commercial sector represents thirty-three percent of the total consumed in the country. Most of the energy is consumed during the summer, when it is necessary to use air conditioning to maintain comfort conditions inside buildings. This aspect takes relevance in warm-dry climates, where a deficient design of building envelope and a wrong location of windows can increase the thermal loads producing an extra load to air conditioning systems and high costs by electricity energy consumption. For this reason, adequate design strategies and thermodynamic concepts have to be applied in order to make dwellings comfortable. Two dwellings are simulated and analyzed, the first one is made of regional materials like traditional concrete block walls, reinforced concrete roofs and economic finishes, the second one is proposed with a green roof and insulation in walls. The heat gains through the different constructive elements have been obtained, to analyze their impact on global thermal comfort and the electricity energy consumption of air cooling systems. Also, an exergy analysis has been applied to analyze exergy efficiency of air cooling systems and the influence that the building envelope can have in them with the proposed changes. The minimum exergy expenditure of air conditioning systems required to achieve comfort conditions inside dwellings could be a useful benchmark for the comparison of various dwelling designs.
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Merlo, Alberto M., Carloandrea Malvicino, Giorgio Carpegna, Walter Ferraris, Maria L. Parodi, Riccardo Seccardini, Helmut Pfu¨tzner, et al. "Application of Magneto-Elastic Sensors to the Measurement of Fluid Flow Rates in the Automotive Domain." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95582.

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The monitoring of several vehicle and engine operation parameters has been a key factor for the successful introduction of electronic control of the most important car performances. Among the several measured quantities, the measurement of fluid mass flow still requires sophisticated and expensive transducers, no convenient and low cost technologies having been available so far. The recent invention of the concept of bi-layer ribbons, has allowed to adjust the sensitivity of magneto-elastic sensing elements to be employed in the construction of bending sensors, in order to match their metrological properties to the wanted application. Due to their low production cost, small size and good reliability, magneto-elastic bi-layer sensors proved to be a promising technology for the large scale production of fluid flowmeters, which can be used in the automotive industry and are operated in a very wide temperature range, with temperatures spanning from −25 to 115 °C. In the present research, two main application domains have been taken into consideration namely the flow metering of the air streaming into engine air intake manifolds and the measurement of the flow rates of refrigerant fluid in the cooling loop of car air conditioning systems (HVAC). The technical feasibility of agglutinated bi-layer flow sensors, has been investigated and evaluated, by means of experimental testing under real like operating conditions. The present paper briefly describes the manufacturing process and the experimental methodologies. Preliminary results are given and future developments are foreseen, while further research guidelines are established.
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Almutairi, Hamad H., Abdulrahman Almutairi, and Jaber H. Almutairi. "Influence of Façade Area on Thermal Performance of Building for Cooling Purposes." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86033.

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Buildings account for significant energy consumption worldwide particularly in regions where energy patterns influenced primarily by weather. Air conditioning system became an essential evaluation factor during building design and construction. The level of curiosity about air conditioning system efficiency in terms of energy usage is increasing quickly. In Kuwait; which is a hot climate country; air conditioners account for 70% of total electrical power. Electricity in Kuwait is produced entirely by the non-renewable energy resources. This work aims to assess the potential electrical savings that could be acquired by reducing building’s façade area towards East-West directional orientation in Kuwait. For this purpose, a detached building model with uniform geometry; was simulated by Energy Plus Thermal Simulation Engine through its interface with DesignBuilder software. Two cases were developed for the analysis; both have the same simulation inputs. The only difference was the orientation of the facades. The results show a reduction of about 900 kWh cooling annually if the largest facades were positioned towards north and south. The obtained saving in annual basis is attributed to about 420 kWh electrical power. Equivalent CO2 emissions associated with the saved electrical energy from power plants in Kuwait were estimated. The resulted savings are promising for early decision making for prospective buildings to be built in future.
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Vélez, Eduardo, Fabián Amaya, Antonio Olmos, Raúl Pérez, Antonio Bula, and Marco Sanjuan. "Characterization of the Thermal Behavior of the Materials Commonly Used in Colombia for the Construction of Building Envelopes." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6312.

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The thermal performance of building materials used in Colombia is not currently characterized, which is essential to obtain the necessary information for an architectural design based on energy efficiency. The determination of materials thermal properties, as well as thermal and energy performance of building materials commonly used in Colombia are the main challenges for this research. The proposed methodology implies the experimental determination of the different materials thermal properties through the design and construction of an experimental device capable to accommodate different materials configurations. This will allow us to obtain relevant information to develop the government’s energy standards for quality building materials and quality policies for private companies. Among others are included: the Environmental Seal for Sustainable Building, which is currently being developed by the Colombian Council of Sustainable Building (CCCS); the Colombian standard for thermal systems applications in buildings (RITE) currently being developed by the Colombian Association of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (ACAIRE); and policies for national sustainable buildings that were included in the National Development Plan 2010–2014 and 2015–2019.
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Reports on the topic "Air conditioning – Design and construction"

1

Woods, J., and E. Kozubal. Desiccant-Enhanced Evaporative Air Conditioning. Parametric Analysis and Design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1220051.

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Kerrigan, P. Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Design Strategy for a Hot-Humid Production Builder. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1126844.

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Kerrigan, P. Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Design Strategy for a Hot-Humid Production Builder. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1221089.

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Anderson, B. Development and Design of a User Interface for a Computer Automated Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1032091.

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Baker, S. K. ,. Westinghouse Hanford. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Act notice of construction for spent nuclear fuel project - hot conditioning system annex, project W-484. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/330731.

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Gavaskar, Arun, Neeraj Gupta, Bruce Sass, Woong-Sang Yoon, and Robert Janosy. Design, Construction, and Monitoring of the Permeable Reactive Barrier in Area 5 at Dover Air Force Base. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada380005.

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Turnbaugh, J. E. State of Washington Department of Health radioactive air emission notice of construction phase 1 for spent nuclear fuel project - hot conditioning system annex, project W-484. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/334157.

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Johnson, Joel. The design and construction of a flashlamp-pumped frequency-doubled dye laser applicable to long path monitoring of air pollutants. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2923.

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Turnbaugh, J. E. State of Washington Department of Ecology criteria pollutants and toxic air pollutants phase 1 notice of construction for the Hanford site spent nuclear fuel project - hot conditioning system annex, project W-484. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/334158.

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Haddock, John E., Reyhaneh Rahbar-Rastegar, M. Reza Pouranian, Miguel Montoya, and Harsh Patel. Implementing the Superpave 5 Asphalt Mixture Design Method in Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317127.

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Recent research developments have indicated that asphalt mixture durability and pavement life can be increased by modifying the Superpave asphalt mixture design method to achieve an in-place density of 95%, approximately 2% higher than the density requirements of conventionally designed Superpave mixtures. Doing so requires increasing the design air voids content to 5% and making changes to the mixture aggregate gradation so that effective binder content is not lowered. After successful laboratory testing of this modified mixture design method, known as Superpave 5, two controlled field trials and one full scale demonstration project, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) let 12 trial projects across the six INDOT districts based on the design method. The Purdue University research team was tasked with observing the implementation of the Superpave 5 mixture design method, documenting the construction and completing an in-depth analysis of the quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) data obtained from the projects. QC and QA data for each construction project were examined using various statistical metrics to determine construction performance with respect to INDOT Superpave 5 specifications. The data indicate that, on average, the contractors achieved 5% laboratory air voids, which coincides with the Superpave 5 recommendation of 5%. However, on average, the as-constructed mat density of 93.8% is roughly 1% less than the INDOT Superpave 5 specification. It is recommended that INDOT monitor performance of the Superpave 5 mixtures and implement some type of additional training for contractor personnel, in order to help them increase their understanding of Superpave 5 concepts and how best to implement the design method in their operation.
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