Relevant bibliographies by topics / Air Brakes

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Air Brakes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Air Brakes"

1

Listiyono, Listiyono, Nurhadi Nurhadi, and Khambali Khambali. "Compressor Air Pressure and Brake Shield Distance Brake to Braking Accuracy on Brakes Antilock Braking System." Asian Journal Science and Engineering 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51278/ajse.v1i1.419.

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The development of automotive technology to date is very fast. In the city, it is almost rare to find conventional cars. Most are already using modern technology. The hallmark of modern cars is that they are not fully mechanical. Already combined with several electric and pneumatic tools. Until now the development in the field of chassis is endless. Its initial development began with the discovery of ABS (Anti Lock Brake System) brakes. Basically, ABS is followed by supporting components such as EBD, ESP, and so on.All of this is actually inseparable from the main function of braking. Namely so that the car can run well,, deceleration and stop as desired appropriately. The parts of the brakes that are most influential are the brake shoes and discs and the compressed air from the brakes. Also the most influential accuracy is the distance of the brake shroud. Therefore, in this study the aims of 1. To find the effect of pressure and brake shroud distance. 2. What is the minimum air pressure and brake shroud for the brakes to work properly (grip). This research uses experimental design method. The data is processed with the Minitab program. Data processing shows that: 1. The braking speed is influenced by the amount of compressed air pressure. Partially the distance of the brake shroud does not affect the braking speed. But the interaction of pressure and shroud distance has an effect on braking speed. 2. Air pressure that can be used as a fast ABS braking process is 3.75 – 4.25 (bar) with a shroud distance of 5 (mm).
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Scheibe, Robert R., and Per G. Reinhall. "Safety Monitoring of Air Brake Systems on Board Commercial Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1560, no. 1 (January 1996): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156000107.

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Research is leading to development of an on-board, intelligent air brake warning device (IBWD) for commercial vehicles equipped with such brakes. Recent statistics show that a disturbing proportion of commercial vehicles are operating with brakes that are out of adjustment or otherwise improperly maintained. Air brake systems on multiaxle vehicles are particularly sensitive to brake adjustment and provide poor feedback of deteriorating performance to drivers. Currently, the only active warning is for low air pressure; drivers receive no information about the effectiveness of the total system. Recent improvements, including automatic slack adjusters and antilock brake systems, are not sufficient to ensure adequacy of brakes. IBWD performs an on-board, real-time assessment of vehicle brake performance through measurement of a relatively small number of parameters. It gives drivers adequate time for corrective action and provides maintenance personnel and authorities with valuable information for improved servicing and inspection activities. In addition to the safety benefits, IBWD will enhance commercial vehicle productivity by reducing unnecessary delays at inspection points and by boosting overall acceptance of other intelligent transportation system technologies. A discussion of IBWD design philosophy and methodology is presented. The measurable parameters of interest are discussed, along with how they will be monitored. Analysis and modeling of empirical data collected from an extensive full-scale vehicle test program are presented, along with techniques for deriving a brake assessment algorithm.
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Duraisivam, Sivam, and E. Jamuna. "Thermal Analysis and Fabrication of Split Shoe Drum Brake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 867 (July 2017): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.867.239.

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Active control of vehicle dynamics has become one of the top competitive features in today’s automobiles. Vehicle dynamics control systems include effective brakes and the number of life loss has been increased due to the in effective brakes. To reduce the crashing of vehicles caused by the braking disability by overcoming the drawbacks of the conventional braking system.Brakes are employed to stop or slow down the speed of the vehicle depending upon the driving needs. When brake applied, each wheel of the vehicle builds-up a certain braking force. For this reason, greater the number of wheels braked, greater will be the braking effect, and sooner the vehicle comes to halt. With this in mind the existing air brake system of a 6 wheeler is studied and analyzed. Brake shoe assembly is completely modeled using solid works and the analysis of the brake shoe assembly is carried out in Ansys .The results are analyzed . Then redesigned brake shoe assembly is modeled in solid works and analyzed with certain changes as required.
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Zuo, Jianyong, Jingxian Ding, Cheng Liu, and Zhuojun Luo. "A virtual prototype for performance analysis of electropneumatic brake on metro trains." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 6 (June 2020): 168781402092627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020926275.

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In order to facilitate system design and performance analysis, a virtual prototype for metro train electropneumatic brakes is proposed. A virtual braking environment that consists of a three-car train model and six electropneumatic brakes model is elaborated. The virtual braking environment can be used to research the relation between braking response and electropneumatic brake’s parameters and to simulate axle loading transfer. By comparing the simulation results with bench test data, the electropneumatic brake model is proven to be quite accurate. Based on the proposed virtual prototype, a test train brake is designed, and a couple of field tests are carried out. The average deceleration of electropneumatic compound service brake at the initial speed of 45 km/h is 0.83 m/s2, the braking distance is 94 m, and that of pure air service brake at the speed of 43 km/h is 0.64 m/s2, the braking distance is 111 m. The field test results satisfy the test train requirements, which further proves the effectiveness of the proposed virtual prototype.
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Kristyawan, Yudi, and Muchammad Asro Rofi’i. "Early Detection of Overheating in Motorcycle Disc Brakes Based on Arduino." Inform : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/inform.v6i1.3348.

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The braking system is very important on a motorcycle. The primary function of the braking system is to slow down and even stop the motorcycle. The braking system using disc brakes on motorcycles is commonly used today, especially on automatic transmission motorcycles. One of the disadvantages of disc brakes is the heat caused by the disc's friction with the brake pads if you apply continuous braking. This continuous braking is often done by a motor rider when crossing downhill roads in mountainous areas. Excessive heat in the disc brakes causes the brake fluid to boil, resulting in air bubbles resulting in braking failure. The failure of the braking system on a motorcycle is hazardous for the rider and others. The experimental method detects braking system failure by catching the disc brake's temperature with a touchless temperature sensor, MLX90614. Temperature detection is processed with Arduino as a control, and the temperature is displayed on the LCD. If the disc brake temperature is above 200oC, a buzzer is activated as a warning to the driver. The test results show that the system can display a temperature reading on the LCD lower than the thermometer gun, with the most inferior reading difference of 0.2oC and the highest 0.4oC. The system can also display notifications to users on disc brake temperatures above 200oC, namely at temperatures of 211.1oC, 224.3oC, and 237.5oC, which were achieved at 200, 225, and 250 seconds.
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Chi, Zhongzhe, Greg F. Naterer, and Yuping He. "EFFECTS OF BRAKE DISC GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS AND CONFIGURATIONS ON AUTOMOTIVE BRAKING THERMAL PERFORMACE." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 32, no. 2 (June 2008): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2008-0020.

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This paper examines the effects of geometrical parameters of pillar post rotors on the thermal performance of automotive vehicle brakes. The thermal performance of vented disc brakes strongly depends on the aerodynamic characteristics of the air flow through the rotor passages. These air flow passages are determined by the geometrical parameters of the brake rotors. In this study, different pillar post rotor models are considered and the corresponding numerical simulations are performed, in order to investigate the effects of various geometrical parameters on the thermal performance. These geometrical parameters include the shape, size, and distribution of a pillar post. The new insight from these parametric studies provides useful guidelines to optimize the geometry of pillar post rotors of automotive vehicles.
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MARIN, Florin-Bogdan, and Mihaela MARIN. "CFD Modeling of Aerodynamic Car Brake Cooling System." Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science 44, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mms.2021.4.08.

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The objective of this experimental research is to identify solutions for an optimal cooling of the disks. The aerothermal brake cooling calculation is used to determine how the brake cooling process evolves. The techniques for simulating the dynamics of the CFD fluid allow us to simulate the cooling of the brakes in air current and then to compare the results obtained in the wind tunnel.
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Verbitskiy, V. V., and V. M. Pogosyan. "Compressor type engine brake." Traktory i sel'hozmashiny 1, no. 3 (2021): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2021-3-27-30.

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The accident rate in road transport remains unacceptably high, and in order to reduce it, it is nec-essary to take into account all the factors affecting this process. In this regard, the process of long-term braking deserves special attention, which negative processes require the creation of additional braking systems (retarder brakes) for vehicles operating in mountainous areas, primarily in the field of passenger transportation. Transmission retarder brakes that provide sufficient braking performance have a number of dis-advantages that inhibit their use. Existing engine retarder brakes provide insufficient deceleration, and studies were carried out at the Kuban State Agrarian University (KubSAU) to improve their efficiency. After a theoretical analysis, the compressor brake mode was experimentally investigated. The in-creased pressure was created in the intake manifold and at the end of the compression stroke, air from the cylinder was released through a special valve back into the system, due to which the brak-ing effect was created. The carried out experiments confirmed the possibility of a significant increase in the engine braking torque in the compressor brake mode, when both valves are closed - the exhaust after the exhaust manifold and the intake in front of the carburetor, and compressed air is supplied to the in-take manifold at different pressures. Then the braking torque increases in comparison with engine braking by more than 3 times.
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Mullisen, R. S. "Thermal Engineering Design Project: Disk Brake Cooling Simulation." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 25, no. 4 (October 1997): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030641909702500406.

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A thermal engineering design project involving simulated cooling of vented and nonvented disk brakes is described. A heated copper tube was rotated in a manner that replicated the motion of a single vented passageway inside a disk brake rotor. The class assignment required design and construction of equipment, and data reduction using the lumped heat capacity method to obtain heat transfer correlations. The seven student groups plus the author produced 238 data points which were collectively correlated into two Nusselt number curves. The curve for the nonvented brakes simulation was benchmarked against the published literature for a cylinder in crossflow; the deviation was about 31%. The results from the vented brakes simulation which, in addition to the external air flow, had an internal radial flow driven by the rotation produced a 30% cooling augmentation over the nonvented simulation.
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Munisamy, Kannan M., Mohd Zamri Yusoff, and Savithry K. Thangaraju. "Ventilated Brake Disk Air Streamlining Using Curved Vane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.26.

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The past research by the author on the conventional brake disk design i.e. straight blade bi-directional design, a misalignment of flow was identified. The misalignment was quantified using CFD as design tool. In the effort of re-aligning the flow angle helical lines fitted onto the conventional inner and outer diameter disk brakes yielded two different design innovation. The two “curved” designs have highlighted tremendous improvement on flow characteristics. Experimental analysis is carried out on the two curved 1 and curved 2 prototypes. The quantitative mass flow rate result is compared for conventional and the two curve shaped brake disk. Then, the data is fed as input condition to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for disk brake models to analysis the flow characteristics qualitatively. The aerodynamics visualization through CFD supports well the mass flow improvement. The non-dimensional flow number is established and the correlation between flow number and Reynolds number is highlighted.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Air Brakes"

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Coimbatore, Subramanian Shankar Ram. "A diagnostic system for air brakes in commercial vehicles." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5857.

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This dissertation deals with the development of a model-based diagnostic system for air brake systems that are widely used in commercial vehicles, such as trucks, tractor-trailers, buses, etc. The performance of these brake systems is sensitive to maintenance and hence they require frequent inspections. Current inspection techniques require an inspector to go underneath a vehicle to check the brake system for possible faults, such as leaks, worn brake pads, out-of-adjustment of push rods, etc. Such inspections are time consuming, labor intensive and difficult to perform on vehicles with a low ground clearance. In this context, the development of an onboard/ handheld diagnostic tool for air brakes would be of significant value. Such a tool would automate the brake inspection process, thereby reducing the inspection time and improving the safety of operation of commercial vehicles. In this dissertation, diagnostic schemes are developed to automatically detect two important and prevalent faults that can occur in air brake systems – leaks and out-of-adjustment of push rods. These diagnostic schemes are developed based on a nonlinear model for the pneumatic subsystem of the air brake system that correlates the pressure transients in the brake chamber with the supply pressure to the treadle valve and the displacement of the treadle valve plunger. These diagnostic schemes have been corroborated with data obtained from the experimental facility at Texas A&M University and the results are presented. The response of the pneumatic subsystem of the air brake system is such that it can be classified as what is known as a “Sequential Hybrid System”. In this dissertation, the term “hybrid systems” is used to denote those systems whose mathematical representation involves a finite set of governing ordinary differential equations corresponding to a finite set of modes of operation. The problem of estimating the push rod stroke is posed as a parameter estimation problem and a transition detection problem involving the hybrid model of the pneumatic subsystem of the air brake system. Also, parameter estimation schemes for a class of sequential hybrid systems are developed. The efficacy of these schemes is illustrated with some examples.
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Ramaratham, Srivatsan. "A mathematical model for air brake systems in the presence of leaks." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86043.

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This thesis deals with the development of a mathematical model for an air brake system in the presence of leaks. Brake systems in trucks are crucial for ensuring the safety of vehicles and passengers on the roadways. Most trucks in the US are equipped with S-cam drum brake systems and they are sensitive to maintenance. Brake defects such as leaks are a major cause of accidents involving trucks. Leaks in the air brake systems affect braking performance drastically by decreasing the peak braking pressures attained and also increasing the time required to attain the same, thereby resulting in longer stopping distances. Hence there is a need for detecting leaks in an air brake system. In this thesis, a mathematical model for an air brake system in the presence of leaks is developed with a view towards developing an automatic leak detection system in the near future. The model developed here builds on an earlier research at Texas A&M University in which a "fault free" model of an air brake system is developed, i.e., a mathematical model of an air brake system that predicts how the pressure in the brake chamber evolves as a function of the brake pedal input when there are no leaks in the air brake system.In order to develop a model for an air brake system in the presence of leaks, one must characterize a "leak". A leak may be characterized by the location and its size. Since the pipes are short, the location of the leak does not significantly affect the evolution in the brake pressure as much as its size. For this reason, "effective area" of the leak was chosen as a characteristic of the leak. It was estimated by fitting an empirical relation for leak with leak flow measurement data. The supply pressure and effective area of leak comprised the inputs to the model along with the displacement of the foot pedal (treadle valve plunger). The model was corroborated with the experimental data collected using the setup at Texas A&M University.
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Bowlin, Christopher Leland. "A pressure control scheme for air brakes in commercial vehicles." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4934.

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This research is focused on developing a control scheme for regulating the pressure in the brake chamber of an air brake system found in most commercial vehicles like trucks, tractor-trailers and buses. Such a control scheme can be used for providing the ground work for future systems such as forward collision avoidance systems, advanced anti-lock brake systems and differential braking systems. The development of this controller involves two tasks. The first task was the development of a control scheme for achieving the desired pressure in the brake chamber. This scheme was based on a mathematical model of the treadle valve of the air brake system. The second task was the implementation of this control scheme on the experimental facility that was set up at Texas A&M University. The results indicate successful control of a desired brake chamber pressure for a demonstrated range of controller gains.
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Ripley, Ian, and ian ripley@qr com au. "An Investigation of Brake Application Delays in Australian Train Brake Systems." Central Queensland University. Engineering, 2005. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20060720.100110.

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An investigation of brake application delays in Australian train brake systems began with a literature review of pneumatic train braking systems. Data located in the review gave examples of brake application delays of pre 1990 designs from the U.K., India and North America. Information on application delays on later Australian designs was scarce. Reading of literature has shown a difference between the Australian and North American control valves in the way the propagation of the pressure reduction rate in the brake pipe is maintained. Control valves of the North American style allow the brake pipe air to be connected for a short time to a small cavity or quick service volume of each valve. The quick service volume is then released to atmosphere. The action of exhausting a small amount of air from the brake pipe helps to ensure a propagation of an adequate pressure reduction rate as it travels to the next valve. Australian control valves rely on the ratio of the volume of brake pipe between control valves and the size of the quick service volume or ‘bulb’ to ensure the propagation of an adequate pressure reduction as it travels to the next valve. The air in a bulb of an Australian valve is not expelled to atmosphere until a brake release is made. The research explored possible reductions in application delays by utilizing an experimental pipe test rack that included 4 control valves and 120 meters of brake pipe. Experiments with different configurations of exhaust orifices or chokes, valves and branch pipe lengths that supplied the valves gave a record acquired by data acquisition of the timing of each valve and the local pressure drop from a valve or each valve for comparison. Experiments with exhaust chokes that gave a reduction drop rate in the brake pipe that approached the minimum required to operate a control valve resulted in instability of the application operation of the control valve. The quick service volume of different sizes was included in the experiments to give comparisons in the propagation of the pressure reduction toward the end of a long train. Further increases into the size of the bulb of a control valve to enhance the propagation features toward the end of a long train are discussed. The branch pipe with different diameters from 12 mm to 20 mm and lengths from 160 mm to 800 mm when fitted to an adaptor pipe bracket were investigated and results show that larger diameters gave larger gulps in the brake pipe. Other components that were studied included the pipe bracket that is fitted on some control valves. The pipe bracket and isolation cock was found to add 282 mm of additional length to the air path and while not changing the operation of the valve, the results showed a smaller drop in local pressure in the brake pipe to assist the pressure reduction rate than shown in valves without pipe brackets.
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Stonawski, Ondrej. "NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF CARBON/CARBON BRAKES USING AIR-COUPLED ULTRASONIC INSPECTION SYSTEMS." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674101471&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2008.
"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes." Keywords: Air-coupled ultrasonic, Carbon/carbon brakes, Nondestructive evaluation. Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-115). Also available online.
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Schick, Bastian. "A Digital Test Bench for Pneumatic Brakes." Thesis, KTH, Spårfordon, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290043.

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This master’s thesis covers the structuring and implementation of a digital testbench for the air brake system of freight trains. The test bench will serveto further improve the existing brake models at Transrail Sweden AB. Theseare used for the optimised calculation of train speed profiles by the DriverAdvisory System CATO. This work is based on the research of the technicalbackground, as well as the methodical approach to physical modelling anda modular implementation of the test bench. It gives full flexibility for thesimulation of customised train configurations using the European UIC brakesystem. Train length and vehicle arrangement can be adapted to the user’sspecific needs. For example, the test bench could be used for the simulation ofa train with distributed power. The system parameters are stored in a vehiclelibrary for the convenient generation of train configurations. This vehiclelibrary is freely expandable.The simulation is based on an equivalent electric circuit model which iscompleted with nozzle flow modelling. This model involves monitoring themain pipe, brake cylinder and reservoir pressure. Linear approximation is usedto obtain braking forces for the individual wagons and for the whole train. Thedepiction of the brake system behaviour is mostly accurate in the operationalscenarios, which is validated with measurement data. Additional calibrationis required for further reduction of the simulation errors and an extension ofthe model’s domain of validity. The test bench is developed by incrementaland iterative modelling and prepared for further improvements and variations,for example the adaption to the American AAR system variant.The presented work can also be used as a basis for similar implementationssuch as driving simulators. The methods are transferable to other applicationsof modular simulation.
Det här examensarbetet omfattar formgivningen och implementeringen aven digital provbänk för tyckluftsbromssystemet på godståg. Provbänken skaanvändas för att vidareutveckla befintliga bromsmodeller hos Transrail SwedenAB. De används för beräkningen av optimerade hastighetsprofiler förtåg i förarassistanssystemet CATO. Arbetet baserar sig på undersökningenav den tekniska bakgrunden, samt ett metodiskt angreppssätt för fysikaliskmodellering. Verktyget är implementerat på ett modulärt sätt. Provbänkenger full flexibilitet för simuleringen av skräddarsydda tågkonfigurationer somanvänder det europeiska UIC-bromssystemet. Tåglängd och fordonsanordningkan anpassas enligt användarens behov, till exempel för simulering av fördeladtraktion. Systemparametrarna lagras i ett fordonsbiliotek som förenklar inmatningenav tågkonfigurationer. Fordonsbiblioteket kan utvidgas enligt behov.Simuleringen är baserad på en ekvivalent strömkretsmodell, som kompletterasmed modellerad dysströmning. Simuleringen beskriver trycket ihuvudledningen, bromscylindern och förrådsluftsbehållaren. Bromskrafternaapproximeras linjärt efter trycken för de enskilda vagnarna såväl som helatåget. Simuleringen återger beteendet av bromssystemet i alla driftsituationerpå ett verklighetsnära sätt, enligt validering med mätdata från Knorr-Bremse:stestanläggning. Ytterligare kalibrering behövs för att minimera avvikelserna isimuleringen och för att utvidga modellens giltighetsdomän. Provbänken harutvecklats i stegvis modellering och är väl förberedd för vidareutveckling ochanpassning. Ett exempel är anpassningen för att simulera det amerikanskaAAR-bromssystemet.Arbetet som presenteras här är lämplig för användning i liknande applikationer,såsom körsimulatorer. Metoden kan tillämpas allmänt på övrigaanvändningsområden av modulär simulering.
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Lang, Allan M. "An investigation into heavy vehicle drum brake squeal." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1994. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7447.

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Many mechanisms have been suggested for brake squeal over many years. In order to identify the most appropriate of these mechanisms, an experimental investigation has been carried out to define in detail the vibration characteristics of a squealing heavy vehicle air operated drum brake on both a vehicle and a laboratory brake test rig. This required the development of a novel 'scanning' technique for the modal analysis of the rotating drum, which showed the presence of well-defined complex wavelike modes. From these results, the dynamic behaviour of the drum, in particular, is found to be in good qualitative agreement with the predictions of a simple 'binary flutter' mechanism of squeal. Based on the role of rotor symmetry in this mechanism, a means of decoupling, flutter modes is developed involving a reduction in the rotational symmetry of the drum by means of attaching masses in a defined pattern at its periphery. It is shown theoretically that such decoupling would be expected to increase the dynamic stability of the brake, and experimental application of the technique confirms its effectiveness in reducing or eliminating squeal. Practical design aspects of reducing the rotational symmetry of the drum are considered, using finite element modelling, and it is also shown that the technique can be effective in other types of vehicle brake, such as disc brakes and hydraulic drum brakes. The simple lumped parameter models used in the above work are inadequate as brake design tools, however, and so a novel application of finite element modelling is used to extend the principle of the binary flutter mechanism to a more detailed model of a complete brake. This is shown to be capable of predicting known features of squeal and may be used as a brake design tool for both the brake structure and the friction material.
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Oues, Adnan Khalil. "PROTECTION OPTIMIZATION OF CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES AGAINST AIR OXIDATION BY COATING WITH ANTI-OXIDANTS." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1376.

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AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF TITLE: (OPTIMIZATION PROTECTION OF CARBOB-CARBON COMPOSITES DISC-BRAKES MATERIAL BY COATING WITH ANTI-OXIDANTS) Developing glass enhancer mixture solutions (Ki’s), which promote the formation of a stable glass layer, homogenous clear liquid solution, and low viscosity liquid form, are easy to apply, and penetrating. They are compatible with ceramic liquid glass based anti-oxidants for treating surfaces of carbon/carbon composites material, and significantly increase the rate of protection against oxidation. Ki’s’ are comprised of mixing chemical compositions at standard temperature and pressure conditions from group one and two such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, etc. of 5 to 25 wt. %, deionized water from 95 to 75 % by weight, and adding up to 1 % by weight of surfactants such as DF-16, DF-20, and CF-10 with specific proportions, and followed by thorough stirring to produce a homogeneous blend of mixture solution. The glass enhancers, which are aqueous mixture solutions, are applied to the surfaces of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites by dipping, brushing, spraying, or other painting application techniques, followed by annealing, or a heat-treating range of 80 to 110 ℃ for a minimum of 8 hours, and allowing cooling time of the coated C/C composites of a minimum of 12 hours to room temperature. Preferential compatibility of the glass enhancer mixture solutions (Ki's) is with liquid glass former's, anti-oxidants comprised mostly of borate and phosphate glasses. The glass enhancer solution mixtures (Ki’s) are supplemental additions to ceramics’ liquid anti-oxidants coatings used for carbon-carbon composites protection against oxidation, and it will increase the rate of protection against oxidation for low, and moderate temperature’s range from 400 to 900 ℃. The glass enhancer Ki’s mixture solutions should be used with liquid glass former's’ anti-oxidants, such as SiO₂, GeO₂, B₂O₃, and P₂O₅. A series of glass enhancer’s Ki’s, heat treatment cycle (char-cycle) ranged between 700 to 900 ℃, and application methods, were developed and tested experimentally. Two arbitrary isothermal temperatures of 650 ℃, and 871 ℃ were selected for thermal oxidation testing, and a temperature of 650 ℃ was selected, and tested against catalytic thermal oxidation. Additions of glass enhancer Ki’s improved protection of C/C composites disc-brakes against oxidation by double, and triple amount of time in hours versus the use of anti-oxidant coatings alone.
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Mulchandani, Hiten. "An engine air-brake integration study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62880.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-112).
The feasibility of operating an engine air-brake (EAB) integrated with a pylon duct bifurcation in a realistic aircraft engine environment has been analyzed. The EAB uses variable exit guide vanes downstream of a high bypass ratio (BPR) fan rotor to produce drag quietly by swirling flow out of the fan nozzle. The swirling motion yields low pressure in the vortex core from simple radial equilibrium, thereby generating pressure drag. The 4-BB internal plug and 5-BB external plug nozzles of BPR 8 are chosen to provide a realistic environment for model-scale tests at the NASA Aero-Acoustic Propulsion Lab (AAPL). The objectives of this study are to quantify the impact of a pylon on the drag and noise of an EAB, and explore means to mitigate the potential loss of swirling flow and associated drag. Analysis is conducted at approach conditions on the 4-BB nozzle, with fan and core nozzle pressure and temperature ratios obtained from an engine cycle analysis. A pylon is designed to represent engine installations typically encountered in short-range jet aircraft. The pylon is a prismatic NACA 0012 airfoil geometry with swept leading, trailing edges and an extended internal fairing to facilitate compatibility with both nozzles in the AAPL facility. The EAB cases analyzed include three types of pylon/vane configurations: (1) the baseline pylon with un-deflected swirl vanes is used in the calculation of the equivalent drag coefficient (CD); (2) the pylon with the trailing edge (TE) flap deflected full-span by 35 degrees is used to set structural load limits for detailed design of the baseline pylon; and (3) configurations with the pylon TE flap deflected partial-span by 20 degrees and asymmetric swirl vanes are used to generate swirling outflow from the fan nozzle exhaust. The partial-span deflection cases are further categorized by the location of the asymmetric vanes: at the nozzle exhaust (aft) and further upstream. Computational results demonstrate the aft vanes generate CD in the range 0.35-0.61 and the upstream vane cases produce CD between 0.09-0.18. The difference in drag is because the flow avoids the majority of the duct bifurcation in the aft vanes cases to produce stronger swirling outflow. A CD value between 0.7-1.0 is required to achieve a 3-4 degree glidescope change and therefore an overall noise benefit of 2.5 dB for a conventional tube-and-wing aircraft on approach. The aft vane configurations show promise in reaching this target while the upstream vane installation concepts require further investigation.
by Hiten Mulchandani.
S.M.
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Senkal, Doruk. "Haptic surgical aid system with magnetorheological brakes for dental implants." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2009/d_senkal_111509.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in mechanical engineering)--Washington State University, December 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Jan. 4, 2010). "School of Engineering and Computer Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-81).
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Books on the topic "Air Brakes"

1

Air brake technology. 3rd ed. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes, 1991.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, ed. Air disc brakes. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1986.

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Myers, George D. Air brakes & accessories for coach conversions. Alpha, Ohio: Epic Conversion Support, 2006.

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Board, United States National Transportation Safety. Heavy vehicle airbrake performance. [Washington, D.C.]: The Board, 1992.

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(Canada), Great Western Railway Company. Description of and instructions for working the continuous automatic vacuum brake. [Canada?: s.n., 1991.

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Grand Trunk Railway Company of Canada. Regulations for the use and care of the Westinghouse automatic air brakes. Montreal: [s.n.], 1986.

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Leasure, William A. Antilock systems for air-braked vehicles. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1989.

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The Official air brake handbook. Toronto: Ministry of Transportation, 2002.

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Buckman, Leonard C. Commercial vehicle braking systems: Air brakes, ABS and beyond. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 1998.

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Ontario. Ministry of Transportation. Licensing and Control Branch. The official MTO air brake handbook: Get the latest updates! [Downsview]: Road User Safety Division, Ministry of Transportation of Ontario, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Air Brakes"

1

Mitsch, Stefan, Marco Gario, Christof J. Budnik, Michael Golm, and André Platzer. "Formal Verification of Train Control with Air Pressure Brakes." In Reliability, Safety, and Security of Railway Systems. Modelling, Analysis, Verification, and Certification, 173–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68499-4_12.

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Bosioc, Alin Ilie, Trandafir Emanuel Beja, Sebastian Muntean, Istvan Borbáth, and Ladislau Vékás. "Experimental Investigations of MR Fluids in Air and Water Used for Brakes and Clutches." In Advanced Structured Materials, 197–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50784-2_16.

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Passacantando, Mauro, Giorgio Gnecco, Yuval Hadas, and Marcello Sanguineti. "On Braess’ Paradox and Average Quality of Service in Transportation Network Cooperative Games." In AIRO Springer Series, 27–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86841-3_3.

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Hardy, J. S., K. S. Weil, J. Y. Kim, E. C. Thomsen, and J. T. Darsell. "TiO2 -Modified Ag-CuO Reactive Air Brazes for Improved Wettability on Mixed Ionic/Electronic Conductors." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 165–71. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118407141.ch17.

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Singer, Wolf. "Differences Between Natural and Artificial Cognitive Systems." In Robotics, AI, and Humanity, 17–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54173-6_2.

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AbstractThis chapter identifies the differences between natural and artifical cognitive systems. Benchmarking robots against brains may suggest that organisms and robots both need to possess an internal model of the restricted environment in which they act and both need to adjust their actions to the conditions of the respective environment in order to accomplish their tasks. However, computational strategies to cope with these challenges are different for natural and artificial systems. Many of the specific human qualities cannot be deduced from the neuronal functions of individual brains alone but owe their existence to cultural evolution. Social interactions between agents endowed with the cognitive abilities of humans generate immaterial realities, addressed as social or cultural realities. Intentionality, morality, responsibility and certain aspects of consciousness such as the qualia of subjective experience belong to the immaterial dimension of social realities. It is premature to enter discussions as to whether artificial systems can acquire functions that we consider as intentional and conscious or whether artificial agents can be considered as moral agents with responsibility for their actions.
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Litvinov, Artem, Ivan Yaitskov, Pavel Polyakov, Alexey Golikov, Evgeny Fedotov, and Nina Zadayanchuk. "Parametric Analysis of the Boundary Layer of the Air Flow of the Ventilation Duct of the Brake Disc." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 493–504. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85057-9_41.

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Litvinov, Artem, Ivan Yaitskov, Pavel Polyakov, Alexey Golikov, Nina Zadayanchuk, and andMaksim Moscalenko. "Method for Calculating the Criteria of the Boundary Layer of the Air Flow Washing the Working Surfaces of the Disc-Shoe Brake Mechanism." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 703–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11058-0_70.

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Nunney, M. J. "Air brakes and auxiliary retarders." In Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology, 553–71. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-0477-2.50033-9.

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Nunney, M. J. "Air brakes and auxiliary retarders." In Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology, 442–56. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-434-91473-9.50030-4.

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Ciullo, Peter A., and Norman Hewitt. "AIR BRAKE HOSE." In The Rubber Formulary, 250. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-081551434-3.50157-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Air Brakes"

1

Shah, Parthiv, Darius Mobed, and Zoltan Spakovszky. "Engine Air-Brakes for Quiet Air Transport." In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-1033.

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Ovchinnikova, N. A., D. V. Zaykin, and A. D. Kolesnichenko. "ANTI-SLIP SYSTEM." In Aerospace instrumentation and operational technologies. Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/978-5-8088-1554-4-2021-2-228-232.

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The issue of aircraft braking was and is important and relevant. The following devices have found applications as brakes: air brakes (aerodynamic brake pads), brake parachutes, engine reversals, but despite this, the main share of the horizontal component of kinetic energy is consumed by the wheel brakes. When braking the chassis, such a phenomenon as skidding may occur, in which case the linear speed of the wheel surface is lower than the speed of the support surface relative to the vehicle.
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Tanaka, Shinichi, Kazuhiko Kubota, Takeshi Iwasaki, and Hidenobu Hatanaka. "The Compatibility of Air Disc Brakes and S-cam Brakes Installed on Combination Vehicles." In International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/902201.

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Nielsen, K. K., D. W. Childs, and C. M. Myllerup. "Experimental and Theoretical Comparison of Two Swirl Brake Designs." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0399.

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Experimental and theoretical data are presented for two interchangeable swirl brakes designed in connection with the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) Alternate Turbopump Development (ATD) High-Pressure Fuel Turbopump (HPFTP) program. The experimental data includes rotordynamic data for a extensive variation of test variables. Comparison of the swirl brake performance revealed that a non-aerodynamic swirl brake design proved as efficient and at times better than an aerodynamic design. For this reason a theoretical investigation using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was recently carried out. This modeling focused on predicting the seal inlet swirl ratio which is the primary swirl brake performance parameter. The non-aerodynamic swirl brake showed superior performance for a variety of test variable conditions. Strong separation vortices within the swirl vanes are the main reason for this finding.
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Singh, Harmahendar, Paul R. Lang, and John T. Auman. "Centralized Electro-Pneumatic Control System for Truck Air Brakes." In 3rd International Pacific Conference on Automotive Engineering (1985). 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/852354.

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Chen, D., and P. Huang. "Study on Influence of Air Pressure on Braking Condition." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63990.

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In the present paper, air pressure and temperature on the interface of the polymer matrix composite (PMC) brake pads are measured by disc brake under braking condition, and their influences are studied as well. The experimental results show that the air temperature peak is not as high as that on the surface. The air pressure of the interface varies with the applied load. The air pressure is negative under the small applied load, but positive under the large applied load. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the phenomena are caused by the friction heat and the rotate disc. Since the air pressure is very small comparing with applied load, it influences on the friction coefficient slightly. But, the negative air pressure of the interface increases the chance of the drag friction in the non-braking mode for disc brakes.
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Meierkort, Jürgen, and Eric Thoms. "Air disc brakes realization during the development and application introduction." In International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/902205.

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Childs, Dara W., James E. Mclean, Min Zhang, and Stephen P. Arthur. "Rotordynamic Performance of a Negative-Swirl Brake for a Tooth-on-Stator Labyrinth Seal." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25577.

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In the late 1970’s, Benckert and Wachter (Technical University Stuttgart) tested labyrinth seals using air as the test media and measured direct and cross-coupled stiffness coefficients. They reported the following results: (1) Fluid pre-swirl in the direction of shaft rotation creates destabilizing cross-coupled stiffness coefficients, and (2) Effective swirl brakes at the inlet to the seal can markedly reduce the cross-coupled stiffness coefficients, in many cases reducing them to zero. In recent years, “negative-swirl” swirl brakes have been employed that attempt to reverse the circumferential direction of inlet flow, changing the sign of the cross-coupled stiffness coefficients and creating stabilizing stiffness forces. This study presents test results for a 16-tooth labyrinth seal with positive inlet preswirl (in the direction of shaft rotation) for the following inlet conditions: (1) No swirl brakes, (2) Straight, conventional swirl brakes, and (3) Negative-swirl swirl brakes. The negative-swirl swirl-brake designs were developed based on CFD predictions. Tests were conducted at 10.2, 15.35, and 20.2 krpm with 70 bars of inlet pressure for pressure ratios of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5. Test results include leakage and rotordynamic coefficients. In terms of leakage, the negative-swirl brake configuration leaked the least, followed by the conventional brake, followed by the no-brake design. Normalized to the negative-swirl brake configuration, the conventional-brake and no-brake configurations mass flow rate were greater, respectively, by factors of 1.04 and 1.09. The direct stiffness coefficients are negative but small, consistent with past experience. The conventional swirl brake drops the destabilizing cross-coupled stiffness coefficients k by a factor of about 0.8 as compared to the no-brake results. The negative-swirl brake produces a change in sign of k with an appreciable magnitude; hence, the stability of forwardly-precessing modes would be enhanced. In descending order, the direct damping coefficients C are: no-swirl, negative-swirl, conventional-swirl. Normalized in terms of the no-swirl case, C for the negative and conventional brake designs are, respectively, 0.7 and 0.6 smaller. The effective damping Ceff combines the effect of k and C. Ceff is large and positive for the negative-swirl configuration and near zero for the no-brake and conventional-brake designs. The present results for a negative-brake design are very encouraging for both eye-packing seals (where conventional swirl brakes have been previously employed) and division-wall and balance-piston seals where negative shunt injection has been employed.
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Dhar, Sandeep, Swaroop Darbha, and K. R. Rajagopal. "Development of Diagnostic Algorithms for an Air Brake System: Theory and Implementation." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6127.

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In this paper, we consider the problem of designing an algorithm for estimating the stroke of a pushrod of the air brake system. The stroke of pushrod directly relates to the braking force available at the wheels and also affects the response time. The longer the stroke, the volume available for expansion is larger and correspondingly, the response is slower. The stroke depends on the clearance between the brake pad and the drum, which can vary due to variety of factors such as thermal expansion of drum and mechanical wear. Typical safety inspections of air brakes include the measurement of the stroke of the pushrod of each brake chamber. Regulations on trucks such Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 121 require the inspection to be carried out at 90 psi supply pressure and at full brake application. The evolution of the brake pressure depends on the stroke of the pushrod and the area of the treadle valve, which is controlled by the driver. The treadle valve meters compressed air from the supply reservoir to the brake chamber. The proposed scheme requires the measurement of pressure and a model for predicting the evolution of brake chamber pressure in response to full application of the brake (brake pedal is fully depressed). We experimentally corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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Dougherty, Bryan A. "Enabling the Transition to ECP Braking." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2131.

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Abstract This paper addresses the limitations of conventional freight train air brake systems, the stalled adoption of Electronically Controlled Pneumatic (ECP) brakes and a cost-effective industry transition to ECP technology. There are two types of ECP train braking systems (cable and radio) and three types of electronically controlled freight car brake control valves. This paper describes the different types ECP braking systems and their limitations and provides a clear path to enable a fleet wide railcar transition to ECP braking technology.
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Reports on the topic "Air Brakes"

1

Kellett, D. A., S. M. Barr, D. van Rooyen, and C. E. White. Ar/Ar thermochronology of the Aspy and Bras d'Or terranes, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/306415.

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