Academic literature on the topic 'Air ambiant intérieur – Analyse'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Air ambiant intérieur – Analyse":
Raeppel, Caroline. "Evaluation de la contamination des atmosphères intérieures et extérieures induite par les usages non agricoles de pesticides." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869960.
Laborie, Stéphanie. "Exposition humaine aux perturbateurs endocriniens par inhalation : caractérisation de la contamination de l’air intérieur par analyses chimiques et biologiques in vitro." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE3059/document.
The objective of this project was to develop a bio-analytical approach leading to the assessment of the inherent hazard of the indoor air multi-contamination. Chromatographic methods combined with mass spectrometry were developed and validated for 62 target molecules known or suspected as endocrine-disrupting (ED) compounds. The ED potential was assessed by cellular bioassays measuring perturbations of transcriptional activity. The data showed that the predominant families of compounds in indoor air were in the following descendant order: phthalates > musks > alkylphenols > parabens. The ED contaminants were mainly present in gaseous phase, and the most contaminated locations were the day nursery and the house. An estrogenic, thyroid and anti-androgenic potential was attributed to indoor air. In agreement with its contamination profile, the biological activity of the latter was concentrated predominantly in the gaseous phase, and tended to be higher in the day nursery and the house. An effect-directed analysis (EDA) was carried out to identify the target chemicals responsible for the ED effects of indoor air. The following chemicals were identified as being potentially responsible for the observed ED effects: phthalates, methyl-paraben, alkylphenols, cypermethrin and synthetic musks. This work provides both knowledge about the inherent hazard of the indoor air multi-contamination and exposure data useful in health risk assessment
Micolier, Alice. "Développement d’une méthodologie d’évaluation cohérente et intégrée de l’impact des choix de conception sur la qualité de l’air intérieur et les performances énergétiques et environnementales des bâtiments résidentiels." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0380.
The construction sector is undergoing a profound transformation driven by energy and environmental concerns. The design solutions proposed to meet these objectives must not compromise indoor air quality (IAQ). Despite the major public health risks associated with this issue, design actors lack tools to assess the performance of the design solutions in terms of IAQ. This thesis aims to address this challenge by proposing a consistent and integrated methodology for evaluating the health, energy and environmental performance of building design solutions. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been identified as a relevant methodology for integrating into a standardised methodological framework the evaluation of the building performance in terms of IAQ, energy and environment through common impact metrics.In order to better characterise the impacts generated by indoor air pollution and energy consumption during the operational phase of the building, we developed a numerical model coupling heat and mass transfers in the building envelope. This model evaluates the emission of pollutants from building materials (inventory) until their fate in indoor environments (transport) as a function of the temperature. The integration of this model into the LCA allowed us to quantify the impact of different construction materials on the indoor and outdoor environment of the building and to compare them with the impacts generated during their production and end of life phase. The results obtained show the sensitivity of this model to behaviour-driven parameters.The occupant has a major role in the problem of IAQ and its consideration is a key element to quantify occupants’ exposure to indoor pollutants with fewer uncertainties. We developed an agent-based model simulating human behaviour within residential buildings using an advanced cognitive architecture that integrates both the deliberative and social behaviour of occupants. By coupling the pollutant transport model with the human behavioural agent model, we explored to which extent the exposure to indoor pollution is sensitive to the occupants' lifestyle and the occupants' behaviour influences the fate of pollutants in indoor environments. This is a preliminary step in estimating a confidence interval of the simulation results, paving the way for a performance guarantee process in terms of IAQ
Shamas, Nesrine. "Understanding of atmospheric and indoor air chemistry through HOx radical measurements." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR057.
HOx (OH+HO2) and RO2 radicals are involved in oxidation processes in the gas phase, generating secondary products impacting the air quality and human health. Understanding these oxidation processes through the quantification of these radicals is still challenging because of their low concentrations (
Hamzé, Mona. "Vers une meilleure connaissance de l'exposition aux grains de pollens allergisants et de leur altération par la pollution de l'air." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2022/2022ULILR009.pdf.
Although it is now accepted that allergenic pollen grains are altered by air pollution, the role of these alterations on allergy is not yet clearly known. The (bio)chemical mechanisms involved are not completely elucidated, especially with regard to the exacerbation of symptoms by air pollution. The main objective of this thesis is to improve the knowledge on the exposure to allergenic pollen grains by taking into account their degree of alteration: pollution and pollen grain rupture. A first laboratory study was carried out in order to explore the potential of several techniques for the characterization of the degree of alteration of the pollen grain. Pollen artificially polluted with ozone was analyzed by spectroscopic (Raman and infrared), microscopic and chromatographic techniques. Ozone uptake was also measured on a set of 22 pollen taxa with different bio-physical-chemical characteristics (grain size and mass, degree of allergenicity, lipid fraction...) to investigate possible determinants of ozone uptake. The potential of pollen analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was exploited and a new method of counting pollen grains was developed. This method required a study on the variability of the lipid fraction on different batches of birch pollen from different geographical origins and depending on the year of harvest. In order to test this counting method in real conditions, a sampling campaign was carried out on sedimented birch pollen in indoor and outdoor environments. The determination of chemical tracers of pollen grains by GC-MS has a great potential for the rapid counting of pollen grains, the determination of their state (broken or intact) and their degree of pollution
Maudhuit, Audrey. "Purification de l’air intérieur – Élimination des micro-polluants par procédé photocatalytique." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2105.
Indoor air quality is of increasing concern in urban societies. Among indoor air pollutants, volatile organic compounds are predominant. These molecules can be degraded by several technologies among which heterogeneous photocatalysis appears to be well-adapted to the. Specificities of indoor pollution. However, the development of photocatalysis for this application will be possible only if two scientific key points are solved: better understanding of reaction mechanisms and possibility to write kinetic laws allowing the scaling up of the process in real condition. With these objectives, the present study deals with the photocatalytic degradation of three model pollutants (acetone, toluene and heptanes) using a fibrous media developed by Saint-Gobain. First of all, this media is characterized in terms of adsorption capacities using a specifically developed model and porosity. Secondly, a dynamic 420L-reactor is implemented to optimize the pollutants degradation according to several parameters (UV Wavelength, light intensity, air velocity at the media inlet, pollutants concentration and molecular structure). To do so, the experimental designs methodology is used. At the same time, a study concerning the formation of reaction intermediates is conducted. Finally, a reaction mechanism is proposed and kinetic laws are deduced. The latter can be integrated in numerical simulations for the design and the efficiency prediction of the process applied to the purification od indoor air
Persoz, Charles. "Air intérieur et santé respiratoire : approches épidémiologique et expérimentale." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05S006.
This work lies within the framework of "indoor air pollution and asthma". Our approach is epidemiological and experimental. The effects of various pollutants in indoor air on the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections were analyzed in 196 infants in the birth cohort PARIS. To study the in vitro effects of air pollutants on the inflammatory response of respiratory epithelial cells, an exposure model suitable for air-liquid alveolar and bronchial cells was developed. Regarding the epidemiological study, no association between the pollutant levels and the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infection was found, except for a tendency with nicotine. The absence of association could be related to the size of the population and the low pollutant levels (including formaldehyde (FA)). The in vitro model we developed showed to be flexible, with variable parameters (cell type, pollutant, sensitization, number of exposures,. . . ). The exposure atmospheres were generated at environmental levels, FA-50 µg/m3 and Aspergillus fumigatus-Asp-7x108 spores/m3, were controlled. In our experimental conditions, after cell sensitization, FA induced a moderate change in the production of IL-8 and MCP-1. The model of sequential exposure to FA-Asp, mimicking the multi-exposure, did not induce major cellular effect. This original approach may be continued by applying it to closer conditions to the human exposure to air pollutants
Tiffonnet, Anne-Lise. "Contribution à l'analyse de la qualité de l'air intérieur : influence des transports de composés organiques volatils (COV) entre les parois et l'ambiance." La Rochelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LAROS043.
Sendi, Aymen. "Nez électronique communicant pour le contrôle de la qualité de l'air intérieur." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30245.
Measuring indoor air quality is a relatively recent need. Humans spend more than 90% of their time in a closed environment that contains several gaseous pollutants. The existence of such gaseous contaminants in the indoor air as well as short or long term exposure to these pollutants can causes many respiratory problems and several chronic diseases. Studies show that the indoor air quality has an impact on well-being and productivity. VOCs (volatile organic compounds) such as acetaldehyde and formaldehyde are strongly presented in indoor air. This type of pollutants come from materials used in interior design (computer equipment, furniture, paints, fabrics, floors, etc.). We can also found in close envirements many others contaminants such as CO2, CO, and NO2 which come from urban pollution, intensive use of location and poor ventilation. Offices, meeting rooms, classrooms and practical work rooms in universities and / or schools are therefore potentially polluted. In a densely occupied and poorly ventilated room, the measurement of the VOC/CO2 rate may exceed the regulatory thresholds. These gaseous pollutants in the air in high concentrations, due to lack of sufficient ventilation and air quality control, can cause drowsiness and decreased productivity. Measuring and monitoring indoor air quality is therefore essential to ensure a better quality life in workspaces. This thesis is being carried out within the framework of the neOCampus GIS (scientific interest group), led by Paul Sabatier University and dedicated to the development of an innovative, connected and sustainable campus for a better quality life for users. We are interested by the development of micro-gas sensors MOS (metal oxide sensors) and the indoor air quality monitoring in offices, classrooms and meeting rooms. The objective of this study is to control these pollution levels in order to correct them through measures to ventilate the premises. Making a decision about how to correct air quality is an essential step in the process. For example: regulating ventilation in a room if the authorized threshold is exceeded for the identified pollutants. As part of this work, we produced prototypes of miniaturized multi-gas sensors integrated with their electronic card in a witness room and capable of detecting levels of indoor air pollution. These prototypes include a multi-sensor cell (with 4 independent cells), proximity electronics allowing the control and recovery of data from these cells, an IOT (internet of things) type communication module based on the LoRA protocol allowing send to the "Cloud NeoCampus", remotely and wirelessly, an indoor air quality status signal. This multi-sensor is based on semiconductor sensors based on nanostructured metal oxides synthesized at the LCC (coordination chemistry laboratory). [...]
Raffy, Gaëlle. "Exposition humaine aux composés organiques semi-volatils (COSV) en environnement intérieur par ingestion de poussières : évaluation de la bioaccessibilité orale des COSV." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B053.
The quality of indoor environments is now a major public health concern. People spend nearly 90% of their time indoors where they are exposed to pollutants such as semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) suspected of adverse health effects. Dust ingestion is a significant route of exposure to some of these SVOCs, especially for children. To characterize this exposure, it is necessary to consider the oral bioaccessibility of SVOCs, defined as the fraction of pollutant released into the gastrointestinal tract and available for absorption. In this context, the objectives of this PhD thesis are to (i) develop and validate a simple method for measuring the oral bioaccessibility of SVOCs in indoor dust and (ii) produce bioaccessibility data for SVOCs of health interest This article-based thesis consists of three chapters: a scientific context, which presents the sources and toxicity of SVOCs, then describes their presence in school air and dust, before addressing the different routes of human exposure; a state of the art on the oral bioaccessibility of SVOCs in dust; and the proposal of a simplified method for measuring this bioaccessibility, its validation, and its application to first samples. This work concludes on a broader context than ingestion by establishing perspectives that also consider inhalation and dermal bioaccessibility, in order to characterize the overall exposure to COSV in indoor environments