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1
Glynn, Adam N., and Kevin M. Quinn. "An Introduction to the Augmented Inverse Propensity Weighted Estimator." Political Analysis 18, no. 1 (2010): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpp036.
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In this paper, we discuss an estimator for average treatment effects (ATEs) known as the augmented inverse propensity weighted (AIPW) estimator. This estimator has attractive theoretical properties and only requires practitioners to do two things they are already comfortable with: (1) specify a binary regression model for the propensity score, and (2) specify a regression model for the outcome variable. Perhaps the most interesting property of this estimator is its so-called “double robustness.” Put simply, the estimator remains consistent for the ATE if either the propensity score model or the outcome regression is misspecified but the other is properly specified. After explaining the AIPW estimator, we conduct a Monte Carlo experiment that compares the finite sample performance of the AIPW estimator to three common competitors: a regression estimator, an inverse propensity weighted (IPW) estimator, and a propensity score matching estimator. The Monte Carlo results show that the AIPW estimator has comparable or lower mean square error than the competing estimators when the propensity score and outcome models are both properly specified and, when one of the models is misspecified, the AIPW estimator is superior.
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Rostami, Mehdi, and Olli Saarela. "Normalized Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting with Neural Network Predictions." Entropy 24, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24020179.
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The estimation of average treatment effect (ATE) as a causal parameter is carried out in two steps, where in the first step, the treatment and outcome are modeled to incorporate the potential confounders, and in the second step, the predictions are inserted into the ATE estimators such as the augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW) estimator. Due to the concerns regarding the non-linear or unknown relationships between confounders and the treatment and outcome, there has been interest in applying non-parametric methods such as machine learning (ML) algorithms instead. Some of the literature proposes to use two separate neural networks (NNs) where there is no regularization on the network’s parameters except the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in the NN’s optimization. Our simulations indicate that the AIPW estimator suffers extensively if no regularization is utilized. We propose the normalization of AIPW (referred to as nAIPW) which can be helpful in some scenarios. nAIPW, provably, has the same properties as AIPW, that is, the double-robustness and orthogonality properties. Further, if the first-step algorithms converge fast enough, under regulatory conditions, nAIPW will be asymptotically normal. We also compare the performance of AIPW and nAIPW in terms of the bias and variance when small to moderate L1 regularization is imposed on the NNs.
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Rostami, Mehdi, and Olli Saarela. "Targeted L1-Regularization and Joint Modeling of Neural Networks for Causal Inference." Entropy 24, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24091290.
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The calculation of the Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting (AIPW) estimator of the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) is carried out in two steps, where in the first step, the treatment and outcome are modeled, and in the second step, the predictions are inserted into the AIPW estimator. The model misspecification in the first step has led researchers to utilize Machine Learning algorithms instead of parametric algorithms. However, the existence of strong confounders and/or Instrumental Variables (IVs) can lead the complex ML algorithms to provide perfect predictions for the treatment model which can violate the positivity assumption and elevate the variance of AIPW estimators. Thus the complexity of ML algorithms must be controlled to avoid perfect predictions for the treatment model while still learning the relationship between the confounders and the treatment and outcome. We use two NN architectures with an L1-regularization on specific NN parameters and investigate how their certain hyperparameters should be tuned in the presence of confounders and IVs to achieve a low bias-variance tradeoff for ATE estimators such as AIPW estimator. Through simulation results, we will provide recommendations as to how NNs can be employed for ATE estimation.
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Sun, Hao, Ashkan Ertefaie, Xin Lu, and Brent A. Johnson. "Improved Doubly Robust Estimation in Marginal Mean Models for Dynamic Regimes." Journal of Causal Inference 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 300–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jci-2020-0015.
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Abstract Doubly robust (DR) estimators are an important class of statistics derived from a theory of semiparametric efficiency. They have become a popular tool in causal inference, including applications to dynamic treatment regimes. The doubly robust estimators for the mean response to a dynamic treatment regime may be conceived through the augmented inverse probability weighted (AIPW) estimating function, defined as the sum of the inverse probability weighted (IPW) estimating function and an augmentation term. The IPW estimating function of the causal estimand via marginal structural model is defined as the complete-case score function for those subjects whose treatment sequence is consistent with the dynamic regime in question divided by the probability of observing the treatment sequence given the subject's treatment and covariate histories. The augmentation term is derived by projecting the IPW estimating function onto the nuisance tangent space and has mean-zero under the truth. The IPW estimator of the causal estimand is consistent if (i) the treatment assignment mechanism is correctly modeled and the AIPW estimator is consistent if either (i) is true or (ii) nested functions of intermediate and final outcomes are correctly modeled. Hence, the AIPW estimator is doubly robust and, moreover, the AIPW is semiparametric efficient if both (i) and (ii) are true simultaneously. Unfortunately, DR estimators can be inferior when either (i) or (ii) is true and the other false. In this case, the misspecified parts of the model can have a detrimental effect on the variance of the DR estimator. We propose an improved DR estimator of causal estimand in dynamic treatment regimes through a technique originally developed by [4] which aims to mitigate the ill-effects of model misspecification through a constrained optimization. In addition to solving a doubly robust system of equations, the improved DR estimator simultaneously minimizes the asymptotic variance of the estimator under a correctly specified treatment assignment mechanism but misspecification of intermediate and final outcome models. We illustrate the desirable operating characteristics of the estimator through Monte Carlo studies and apply the methods to data from a randomized study of integrilin therapy for patients undergoing coronary stent implantation. The methods proposed here are new and may be used to further improve personalized medicine, in general.
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Buechter, Matthias, Paul Manka, Falko Markus Heinemann, Monika Lindemann, Benjamin Juntermanns, Ali Canbay, Guido Gerken, and Alisan Kahraman. "Outcome and Genetic Factors in IgG4-Associated Autoimmune Pancreatitis and Cholangitis: A Single Center Experience." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6126707.
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Introduction. Most investigations on autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) were published on Asian cohorts while those on Caucasians are limited. However, there might be differences related to the origin.Patients and Methods. We analyzed 36 patients and compared type 1 (AIP1) with type 2 (AIP2).Results. The majority of patients suffered from AIP1 (55.6%). AIP1 patients were significantly older than AIP2 patients (54.4 versus 40.8 years). Moreover, 85.0% of AIP1 patients had concurrent autoimmune cholangitis (AIC) while 18.8% of AIP2 patients suffered from overlap to ulcerative colitis (UC). However, AIP1 patients revealed a cholestatic course and had significantly higher immunoglobulin G4 levels (IgG4). When compared to allele frequencies in healthy controls, in patients with AIP1 HLA-B8 reached statistical significance. Response to steroids was excellent in both groups, but we noticed high rates of relapse especially in AIP1 patients. Finally, 3 patients with AIP1 were diagnosed with cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC).Conclusion. In contrast to Asian studies, we found an almost equal distribution of AIP1 and AIP2 patients in our German cohort. AIP2 patients were younger and mostly of female gender whereas AIP1 patients revealed higher IgG4 levels and involvement of the biliary tract in sense of IgG4-associated cholangitis.
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Howell, Stacey, Timothy M. Stivland, Kenneth Stein, Kenneth Ellenbogen, and Larisa G. Tereshchenko. "Response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy in men and women: a secondary analysis of the SMART-AV randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 11, no. 10 (October 2021): e049017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049017.
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ObjectivesThere is a controversy about whether both sexes’ response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is similar. We aimed to assess a causal effect of sex on CRT response.DesignSecondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) data. Doubly robust augmented-inverse-probability-weighted (AIPW) estimation of sex effect on CRT response.SettingThe SmartDelay Determined Atrioventricular (AV) Optimisation (SMART-AV) RCT.ParticipantsThe SMART-AV RCT enrolled New York Heart Association class III-IV patients with heart failure (HF) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35% despite optimal medical therapy and QRS duration ≥120 ms, in sinus rhythm. After exclusion of those with missing outcome or covariates, 741 participants (age 66±11 years; 33% female; 78% white; LVEF 28%±9%; 58% ischaemic cardiomyopathy; 75% left bundle branch block; left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) 65±30 mL/m2) were included.InterventionsImplanted CRT defibrillator with randomly assigned AV delay as either (1) fixed at 120 ms, or (2) echocardiography-determined, or (3) SmartDelay algorithm-programmed.OutcomeA composite of freedom from death and HF hospitalisation and a >15% reduction in LVESVI at 6 month post-CRT was the endpoint.ResultsThe primary endpoint was met by 337 patients (45.5%); 134 were women (55.6% response) and 203 were men (40.6% response); p<0.0001. After conditioning for 33 covariates that included baseline demographic, clinical, ECG, echocardiographic and biomarker characteristics, known predictors of CRT response, logistic regression showed a higher probability for composite CRT response for women versus men (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.98; p<0.0001), whereas AIPW estimation showed no difference in CRT response (average treatment effect 0.88; 95% CI 0.41 to 1.89; p=0.739). After removing colliders from the model, both logistic regression (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.44) and AIPW (ATE 1.06; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.16) reported similar results.ConclusionsBoth sexes’ response to CRT is similar. Sex differences in HF substrate, treatment and comorbidities explain sex disparities in CRT outcomes.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Identifier; NCT00677014.
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Hsu, Chiu-Hsieh, and Mandi Yu. "Cox regression analysis with missing covariates via nonparametric multiple imputation." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 28, no. 6 (May 2, 2018): 1676–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280218772592.
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We consider the situation of estimating Cox regression in which some covariates are subject to missing, and there exists additional information (including observed event time, censoring indicator and fully observed covariates) which may be predictive of the missing covariates. We propose to use two working regression models: one for predicting the missing covariates and the other for predicting the missing probabilities. For each missing covariate observation, these two working models are used to define a nearest neighbor imputing set. This set is then used to non-parametrically impute covariate values for the missing observation. Upon the completion of imputation, Cox regression is performed on the multiply imputed datasets to estimate the regression coefficients. In a simulation study, we compare the nonparametric multiple imputation approach with the augmented inverse probability weighted (AIPW) method, which directly incorporates the two working models into estimation of Cox regression, and the predictive mean matching imputation (PMM) method. We show that all approaches can reduce bias due to non-ignorable missing mechanism. The proposed nonparametric imputation method is robust to mis-specification of either one of the two working models and robust to mis-specification of the link function of the two working models. In contrast, the PMM method is sensitive to misspecification of the covariates included in imputation. The AIPW method is sensitive to the selection probability. We apply the approaches to a breast cancer dataset from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program.
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Emelonye, Abigail U., Taina Pitkäaho, and Katri Vehviläinen-Julkunen. "Spousal Presence as a Nonpharmacological Pain Management during Childbirth: A Pilot Study." Nursing Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/932763.
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Background. Measures of spousal effect during parturient pain should take a tripartite approach involving the parturients, spouses, and midwives.Aim. To develop and validate three questionnaires measuring spousal presence in management of parturient pain in Nigeria.Methods. There are two phases: (1) development of questionnaires, Abuja Instrument for Midwives (AIM), Abuja Instrument for Parturient Pain (AIPP), and Abuja Instrument for Parturient Spouses (AIPS), utilizing literatures, Kuopio instrument for fathers (KIF) and expertise of health professionals, and (2) pilot study to validate the questionnaires which were administered in two hospitals in Nigeria: midwives(n=10), parturients(n=10), and spouses(n=10). Results. Internal consistency for the three questionnaires indicated Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.789 (AIM), 0.802 (AIPP), and 0.860 (AIPS), while test-retest reliability wasr=0.99(AIM),r=0.99(AIPP), andr=0.90(AIPS).Conclusions. AIM, AIPP, and AIPS provide a means of investigating the effectiveness of spousal presence in management of parturient pain in Nigeria. However, further testing of each instrument is needed in a larger population to replicate the beneficial findings of AIMS, AIPP, and AIPS which can contribute rigor to future studies.
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Ono, Shoichiro, Kazumi Nomura, Sadae Hitosugi, Domena K. Tu, Jocelyn A. Lee, David L. Baillie, and Kanako Ono. "The two actin-interacting protein 1 genes have overlapping and essential function for embryonic development in Caenorhabditis elegans." Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, no. 13 (July 2011): 2258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-12-0934.
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Disassembly of actin filaments by actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin and actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1) is a conserved mechanism to promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. We previously reported that unc-78, an AIP1 gene in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, is required for organized assembly of sarcomeric actin filaments in the body wall muscle. unc-78 functions in larval and adult muscle, and an unc-78–null mutant is homozygous viable and shows only weak phenotypes in embryos. Here we report that a second AIP1 gene, aipl-1 (AIP1-like gene-1), has overlapping function with unc-78, and that depletion of the two AIP1 isoforms causes embryonic lethality. A single aipl-1–null mutation did not cause a detectable phenotype. However, depletion of both unc-78 and aipl-1 arrested development at late embryonic stages due to severe disorganization of sarcomeric actin filaments in body wall muscle. In vitro, both AIPL-1 and UNC-78 preferentially cooperated with UNC-60B, a muscle-specific ADF/cofilin isoform, in actin filament disassembly but not with UNC-60A, a nonmuscle ADF/cofilin. AIPL-1 is expressed in embryonic muscle, and forced expression of AIPL-1 in adult muscle compensated for the function of UNC-78. Thus our results suggest that enhancement of actin filament disassembly by ADF/cofilin and AIP1 proteins is critical for embryogenesis.
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Bannor, Richard Kwasi, Helena Oppong-Kyeremeh, Bismark Amfo, Lesley Hope, and Samuel Kwabena Chaa Kyire. "The Nexus Between Cocoa Farmers’ Business Schools Participation and Impact to Support Livelihood Improvement Strategies in Ghana." SAGE Open 12, no. 2 (April 2022): 215824402211081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221108170.
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The authors examined cocoa farmers’ participation in Farmer Business Schools (FBS) in Ghana, impacts of livelihood outcomes (human, physical, financial, and social capitals) on participation, and implications of participation on productivity and per capita expenditure. We used cross-sectional data from 150 cocoa farmers. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, heteroskedastic probit, and doubly robust augmented inverse probability weighted regression adjustment model (AIPW). More than half of cocoa farmers participated in FBS. Financial capital (income and loan accessibility) and social capital (farmer group membership) positively influenced participation in FBS. Nevertheless, human capital (ability to pay medical bills) and physical capital (number of sleeping rooms) negatively influenced participation in FBS. Knowledge and skills cocoa farmers obtained from FBS are new farming methods, creativity in solving farming problems, record keeping, and managerial skills. Participation in FBS had a positive impact and a heterogeneous effect on cocoa farmers’ productivity and per capita expenditure. Given that the impact of FBS was heterogeneous, the FBS curriculum and approach should be segmented for different types of farmers to the generic FBS approaches currently practiced.
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Malone, Cheryl L., Blaise R. Boles, and Alexander R. Horswill. "Biosynthesis of Staphylococcus aureus Autoinducing Peptides by Using the Synechocystis DnaB Mini-Intein." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 19 (August 10, 2007): 6036–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00912-07.
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ABSTRACT The Agr quorum-sensing system of Staphylococcus aureus modulates the expression of virulence factors in response to autoinducing peptides (AIPs). The peptides are seven to nine residues in length and have the C-terminal five residues constrained in a thiolactone ring. We have developed a new method to generate AIP structures using an engineered DnaB mini-intein from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. In the method, an oligonucleotide encoding the AIP is ligated to the intein and the fusion protein is expressed and purified by affinity chromatography. To produce the correct AIP structure, intein splicing is interrupted, allowing the cysteine side chain to catalyze thiolactone ring formation and release AIP from the resin. The technique is simple and robust, and we have successfully produced the three main classes of AIPs using the intein system. The intein-generated AIPs possessed the correct thiolactone ring modification based on biochemical analysis, and, importantly, all the samples were bioactive against S. aureus. The AIP activity was confirmed through Agr interference and activation profiling with developed S. aureus reporter strains. The simplicity of the method, benefits of DNA encoding, and scalable nature enable the production of S. aureus AIPs for many biological applications.
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De Schrijver, Lotte, Anne Nobels, Jonathan Harb, Laurent Nisen, Kristien Roelens, Tom Vander Beken, Christophe Vandeviver, and Ines Keygnaert. "Victimization of Applicants for International Protection Residing in Belgium: Sexual Violence and Help-Seeking Behavior." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 8, 2022): 12889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912889.
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Background: Sexual violence (SV) literature on applicants for international protection (AIPs) shows that they are at high risk of victimization. The study objectives are to provide an exploratory overview of the occurrence of SV in AIPs in Belgium and their help-seeking behavior (HSB). This overview is crucial to develop prevention strategies and care paths focusing on providing adequate care to AIP SV victims in Belgium. Methods: Quantitative data from structured interviews with AIPs (n = 62) triangulated with qualitative data from in-depth interviews with AIP SV victims (n = 11) served to explore the nature and impact of SV in AIPs in Belgium and their HSB. Results: A total of 83.9% of respondents have experienced SV. A total of 61.3% were victimized within the past year. Victimization seems more gender-balanced than in the general population. AIPs link SV to their legal status and their associated vulnerable situation. HSB upon SV was very limited in this sample. Help-seeking barriers interfering with the decision-making process to consult (in)formal resources were identified. Conclusions: AIPs in Belgium are at high risk of SV. Despite the impact of SV on AIPs’ lives, HSB upon SV is rare. The provision of age-appropriate sexual education and development of policies that will reduce help-seeking barriers is needed.
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Wang, Boyuan, Aishan Zhao, Richard P. Novick, and Tom W. Muir. "Key driving forces in the biosynthesis of autoinducing peptides required for staphylococcal virulence." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 34 (August 10, 2015): 10679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506030112.
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Staphylococci produce autoinducing peptides (AIPs) as quorum-sensing signals that regulate virulence. These AIPs feature a thiolactone macrocycle that connects the peptide C terminus to the side chain of an internal cysteine. AIPs are processed from ribosomally synthesized precursors [accessory gene regulator D (AgrD)] through two proteolytic events. Formation of the thiolactone is coupled to the first of these and involves the activity of the integral membrane protease AgrB. This step is expected to be thermodynamically unfavorable, and therefore, it is unclear how AIP-producing bacteria produce sufficient amounts of the thiolactone-containing intermediate to drive quorum sensing. Herein, we present the in vitro reconstitution of the AgrB-dependent proteolysis of an AgrD precursor from Staphylococcus aureus. Our data show that efficient thiolactone production is driven by two unanticipated features of the system: (i) membrane association of the thiolactone-containing intermediate, which stabilizes the macrocycle, and (ii) rapid degradation of the C-terminal proteolysis fragment AgrDC, which affects the reaction equilibrium position. Cell-based studies confirm the intimate link between AIP production and intracellular AgrDC levels. Thus, our studies explain the chemical principles that drive AIP production, including uncovering a hitherto unknown link between quorum sensing and peptide turnover.
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Nakagaki, Masayuki, and Shigeyoshi Sakaki. "Hetero-dinuclear complexes of 3d metals with a bridging dinitrogen ligand: theoretical prediction of the characteristic features of geometry and spin multiplicity." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 38 (2016): 26365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp03312a.
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Spin multiplicities and coordination structures of dinitrogen-bridged hetero-dinuclear complexes of 3d metals, (μ-N2)[M1(AIP)][M2(AIP)] (AIPH = (Z)-1-amino-3-imino-prop-1-ene; M1, M2 = V(i) to Co(i)), were investigated using the CASPT2 method.
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Wang, Junbin. "Drivers of the Sustainable Development of Agro-industrial Parks: Evidence from Jiangsu Province, China." SAGE Open 12, no. 4 (October 2022): 215824402211444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221144415.
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The agro-industrial park (AIP) is developing rapidly all over the world and their industrial ecological characteristics have extensively promoted the development of the agricultural industry. However, academia and industry still lack a complete evaluation system to guide the sustainable development of AIPs. This study constructs a sustainable development evaluation system of the AIP that includes four parts of economic, social, technical, and sustainable criteria. Then, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method is employed for quantitative analysis based on a primary survey dataset; that is, the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL). In addition, a secondary dataset of 153 national AIPs in China from 2012 to 2014 is taken as a case study. The results of the DEMATEL analysis reveal some interesting findings. First, economic criteria still play an essential role in the sustainable development of AIP, and it is affected by almost all causal factors, which in turn affect most of the influencing factors. Second, there is no significant causal relationship between the criteria criterion and other criteria. Last, the case study reveals that the level of sustainable development of AIP in economically developed areas is significantly higher than the national average. The results of this study can also provide managers and policy planners with support for the sustainable management of AIP.
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Queirós, Carla, Ana M. G. Silva, Baltazar de Castro, and Luís Cunha-Silva. "From Discrete Complexes to Metal–Organic Layered Materials: Remarkable Hydrogen Bonding Frameworks." Molecules 25, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 1353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061353.
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A series of metal–organic coordination complexes based on alkaline-earth metal centers [Mg(II), Ca(II), and Ba(II)] and the ligand 5-aminoisophthalate (aip2−) revealed notable structural diversity, both in the materials’ dimensionality and in their hydrogen bonding networks: [Mg(H2O)6]∙[Mg2(Haip)(H2O)10]∙(Haip)∙3(aip)∙10(H2O) (1) and [Mg(aip)(phen)(H2O)2]∙(H2O) (2) were isolated as discrete complexes (0D); [Ca(aip)(H2O)2]∙(H2O) (3), [Ca(aip)(phen)(H2O)2]∙(phen)∙(H2O) (4), and [Ba2(aip)2(phen)2(H2O)7]∙2(phen)∙2(H2O) (5) revealed metal–organic chain (1D) structures, while the [Ba(aip)(H2O)] (6) showed a metal–organic layered (2D) arrangement. Furthermore, most of these metal–organic coordination materials revealed interesting thermal stability properties, being stable at temperatures up to 450 °C.
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Edwards, Thomas L., Virginia E. Clowes, Hilda T. H. Tsang, James W. Connell, Christopher M. Sanderson, J. Paul Luzio, and Evan Reid. "Endogenous spartin (SPG20) is recruited to endosomes and lipid droplets and interacts with the ubiquitin E3 ligases AIP4 and AIP5." Biochemical Journal 423, no. 1 (September 14, 2009): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20082398.
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The HSPs (hereditary spastic paraplegias) are genetic conditions in which there is distal degeneration of the longest axons of the corticospinal tract, resulting in spastic paralysis of the legs. The gene encoding spartin is mutated in Troyer syndrome, an HSP in which paralysis is accompanied by additional clinical features. There has been controversy over the subcellular distribution of spartin. We show here that, at steady state, endogenous spartin exists in a cytosolic pool that can be recruited to endosomes and to lipid droplets. Cytosolic endogenous spartin is mono-ubiquitinated and we demonstrate that it interacts via a PPXY motif with the ubiquitin E3 ligases AIP4 [atrophin-interacting protein 4; WWP2 (WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2] and AIP5 (WWP1). Surprisingly, the PPXY motif, AIP4 and AIP5 are not required for spartin's ubiquitination, and so we propose that spartin acts as an adaptor for these proteins. Our results suggest that spartin is involved in diverse cellular functions, which may be of relevance to the complex phenotype seen in Troyer syndrome.
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van Spanje, Joost, and Till Weber. "Does ostracism affect party support? Comparative lessons and experimental evidence." Party Politics 25, no. 6 (September 12, 2017): 745–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068817730722.
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The success of anti-immigration parties (AIPs) in many European democracies poses a strategic problem for established actors: Immediate policy impact of AIPs can be averted by ostracizing them (i.e. refusing any cooperation), but this strategy may sway public opinion further in their favour. A comparative review shows large variation in the electoral trajectories of ostracized parties. We therefore propose a model of the context conditions that shape the repercussions of ostracism in public opinion. Under conditions that suggest substantial policy impact of an AIP were it to join a coalition government, ostracism should decrease the party’s electoral support. Vice versa, if context suggests strong “signaling” potential of an AIP if in opposition, ostracism should increase its support. To avoid apparent endogeneity of political context and party competition, the model is tested with a survey-embedded experiment on a representative sample from the Netherlands. Results confirm that ostracism is a double-edged strategy.
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Rad, Farhad Yousefi, Michael D. Elwardany, Cassie Castorena, and Y. Richard Kim. "Evaluation of Chemical and Rheological Aging Indices to Track Oxidative Aging of Asphalt Mixtures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 28 (June 29, 2018): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118784138.
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Oxidative age hardening in asphalt binder leads to embrittlement. Embrittled asphalt is prone to fatigue and thermal cracking. Therefore, the ability to predict asphalt binder oxidative age hardening within a pavement throughout its service life could inform improved pavement material selection, design, and maintenance practices. Studying the evolution of oxidative aging requires the use of key properties to track oxidation levels, termed aging index properties (AIPs) here. The objective of this study is to identify suitable rheological and chemical AIPs to track oxidation levels in asphalt materials. A wide range of laboratory and field aged materials were evaluated in this study. A range of chemical AIPs determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) absorbance peaks and areas were evaluated based on their correlation with laboratory aging duration. Rheological AIPs were evaluated based on the strength of their relationship to the chemical changes induced by oxidation. The rheological AIPs evaluated included the dynamic shear modulus, zero shear viscosity, Glover-Rowe parameter, and crossover modulus. The chemical AIP evaluation that most strongly correlated with laboratory aging duration is the carbonyl plus the sulfoxide absorbance peaks. The results indicate that both the dynamic shear modulus and Glover-Rowe parameter constitute rheological AIPs that relate directly to the chemical changes induced by oxidation.
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Gasper, Karen. "Utilizing Neutral Affective States in Research: Theory, Assessment, and Recommendations." Emotion Review 10, no. 3 (July 2018): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073918765660.
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Even though researchers regularly use neutral affect induction procedures (AIPs) as a control condition in their work, there is little consensus on what is neutral affect. This article reviews five approaches that researchers have used to operationalize neutral AIPs: to produce a(n) (a) minimal affective state, (b) in-the-middle state, (c) deactivated state, (d) typical state, or (e) indifferent state. For each view, the article delineates the theoretical basis for the neutral AIP, how to assess it, and provides recommendations for when and how to use it. The goal of the article is to encourage researchers to state their theoretical assumptions about neutral affect, to validate those assumptions, and to make appropriate conclusions based on them.
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Ji, Guangyong, Wuhong Pei, Linsheng Zhang, Rongde Qiu, Jianqun Lin, Yvonne Benito, Gerard Lina, and Richard P. Novick. "Staphylococcus intermedius Produces a Functional agr Autoinducing Peptide Containing a Cyclic Lactone." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 9 (May 1, 2005): 3139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.9.3139-3150.2005.
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ABSTRACT The agr system is a global regulator of accessory functions in staphylococci, including genes encoding exoproteins involved in virulence. The agr locus contains a two-component signal transduction module that is activated by an autoinducing peptide (AIP) encoded within the agr locus and is conserved throughout the genus. The AIP has an unusual partially cyclic structure that is essential for function and that, in all but one case, involves an internal thiolactone bond between a conserved cysteine and the C-terminal carboxyl group. The exceptional case is a strain of Staphylococcus intermedius that has a serine in place of the conserved cysteine. We demonstrate here that the S. intermedius AIP is processed by the S. intermedius AgrB protein to generate a cyclic lactone, that it is an autoinducer as well as a cross-inhibitor, and that all of five other S. intermedius strains examined also produce serine-containing AIPs.
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Lechuga, Susana, Somesh Baranwal, and Andrei I. Ivanov. "Actin-interacting protein 1 controls assembly and permeability of intestinal epithelial apical junctions." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 308, no. 9 (May 1, 2015): G745—G756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00446.2014.
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Adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs) are crucial regulators of the integrity and restitution of the intestinal epithelial barrier. The structure and function of epithelial junctions depend on their association with the cortical actin cytoskeleton that, in polarized epithelial cells, is represented by a prominent perijunctional actomyosin belt. The assembly and stability of the perijunctional cytoskeleton is controlled by constant turnover (disassembly and reassembly) of actin filaments. Actin-interacting protein (Aip) 1 is an emerging regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, playing a critical role in filament disassembly. In this study, we examined the roles of Aip1 in regulating the structure and remodeling of AJs and TJs in human intestinal epithelium. Aip1 was enriched at apical junctions in polarized human intestinal epithelial cells and normal mouse colonic mucosa. Knockdown of Aip1 by RNA interference increased the paracellular permeability of epithelial cell monolayers, decreased recruitment of AJ/TJ proteins to steady-state intercellular contacts, and attenuated junctional reassembly in a calcium-switch model. The observed defects of AJ/TJ structure and functions were accompanied by abnormal organization and dynamics of the perijunctional F-actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, loss of Aip1 impaired the apico-basal polarity of intestinal epithelial cell monolayers and inhibited formation of polarized epithelial cysts in 3-D Matrigel. Our findings demonstrate a previously unanticipated role of Aip1 in regulating the structure and remodeling of intestinal epithelial junctions and early steps of epithelial morphogenesis.
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Blazer-Yost, B., and M. Cox. "Aldosterone-induced proteins: characterization using lectin-affinity chromatography." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 249, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): C215—C225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1985.249.3.c215.
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Aldosterone-stimulated Na+ transport in toad urinary bladder is associated with the synthesis of a specific group of proteins whose induction appears to be related to the natriferic effect of the hormone. These aldosterone-induced proteins (AIPs) occur in two slightly different molecular weight classes (around 70 kDa), each class being composed of several proteins with discrete isoelectric points (range, 5.5-6.0). Because glycosylation is a common cause of such electrophoretic polymorphism and microheterogeneity, we examined whether these proteins are glycoproteins. Tunicamycin (a specific inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation) inhibited aldosterone-stimulated Na+ transport and AIP synthesis without affecting overall protein synthesis. The vast majority of epithelial cell proteins did not bind to the mannose-specific lectin, concanavalin A-sepharose. In contrast, both classes of AIPs bound to concanavalin A-sepharose, but the affinities of the higher and lower molecular weight proteins were markedly different: the former were readily eluted with 0.2 M alpha-methyl-D-mannoside alone, whereas the latter could only be eluted with 0.4 M alpha-methyl-D-mannoside in combination with high concentrations of NaCl (2.5-5.0 M). These studies indicate that 1) glycosylation is important in the natriferic response to aldosterone, 2) the AIPs are N-linked mannose-containing glycoproteins, and 3) the electrophoretic polymorphism of the AIPs is due, at least in part, to differences in glycosylation. Furthermore, concanavalin A-affinity chromatography provides a simple means for the partial purification of these putative "effectors" of the cellular action of aldosterone.
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Mohri, Kurato, Kanako Ono, Robinson Yu, Sawako Yamashiro, and Shoichiro Ono. "Enhancement of Actin-depolymerizing Factor/Cofilin-dependent Actin Disassembly by Actin-interacting Protein 1 Is Required for Organized Actin Filament Assembly in the Caenorhabditis elegans Body Wall Muscle." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 5 (May 2006): 2190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-11-1016.
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Regulated disassembly of actin filaments is involved in several cellular processes that require dynamic rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Actin-interacting protein (AIP) 1 specifically enhances disassembly of actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin-bound actin filaments. In vitro, AIP1 actively disassembles filaments, caps barbed ends, and binds to the side of filaments. However, how AIP1 functions in the cellular actin cytoskeletal dynamics is not understood. We compared biochemical and in vivo activities of mutant UNC-78 proteins and found that impaired activity of mutant UNC-78 proteins to enhance disassembly of ADF/cofilin-bound actin filaments is associated with inability to regulate striated organization of actin filaments in muscle cells. Six functionally important residues are present in the N-terminal β-propeller, whereas one residue is located in the C-terminal β-propeller, suggesting the presence of two separate sites for interaction with ADF/cofilin and actin. In vitro, these mutant UNC-78 proteins exhibited variable alterations in actin disassembly and/or barbed end-capping activities, suggesting that both activities are important for its in vivo function. These results indicate that the actin-regulating activity of AIP1 in cooperation with ADF/cofilin is essential for its in vivo function to regulate actin filament organization in muscle cells.
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Ikeda, Masato, Akiko Ikeda, and Richard Longnecker. "PY Motifs of Epstein-Barr Virus LMP2A Regulate Protein Stability and Phosphorylation of LMP2A-Associated Proteins." Journal of Virology 75, no. 12 (June 15, 2001): 5711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.12.5711-5718.2001.
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ABSTRACT Latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) is expressed in latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. We have demonstrated that Nedd4 family ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s), AIP4, WWP2/AIP2, and Nedd4, bind specifically to two PY motifs present within the LMP2A amino-terminal domain. In this study, LMP2A PY motif mutant viruses were constructed to investigate the role of the LMP2A PY motifs. AIP4 was found to specifically associate with the LMP2A PY motifs in EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), extending our original observation to EBV-infected cells. Mutation of both of the LMP2A PY motifs resulted in an absence of binding of AIP4 to LMP2A, which resulted in an increase in the expression of Lyn and the constitutive hyperphosphorylation of LMP2A and an unknown 120-kDa protein. In addition, there was a modest increase in the constitutive phosphorylation of Syk and an unidentified 60-kDa protein. These results indicate that the PY motifs contained within LMP2A are important in regulating phosphorylation in EBV-infected LCLs, likely through the regulation of Lyn activity by specifically targeting the degradation of Lyn by ubiquination by Nedd4 family E3s. Despite differences between PY motif mutant LCLs and wild-type LCLs, the PY motif mutants still exhibited a block in B-cell receptor (BCR) signal transduction as measured by the induction of tyrosine phosphorylation and BZLF1 expression following BCR activation. EBV-transformed LCLs with mutations in the PY motifs were not different from wild-type LCLs in serum-dependent cell growth. Protein stability of LMP1, which colocalizes with LMP2A, was not affected by the LMP2A-associated E3s.
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Marangon, Mattia, Stéphane Jacobs, and Scott H. Frey. "Evidence for context sensitivity of grasp representations in human parietal and premotor cortices." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 5 (May 2011): 2536–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00796.2010.
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Grasp-related responses in neurons of the macaque rostral inferior parietal lobule [PF/PFG and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP)] are modulated by task context. Event-related functional MRI was used to determine whether this is true in putative homologs of the human cortex, the rostral inferior parietal lobule (rIPL) and the anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS). Fifteen healthy, right-handed adults were required to select prospectively the most comfortable way to grasp a horizontally oriented handle using the cued hand (left or right). In the “no-rotation” condition, the task was simply to grasp the handle, whereas in the “rotation” condition, the goal was to plan to grasp and rotate it into a vertical orientation with the cued end (medial or lateral) pointing downward. In both conditions, participants remained still and indicated their grip preferences by pressing foot pedals. As in overt grasping, participants' grip preferences were significantly influenced by anticipation of the demands associated with handle rotation. Activity within the aIPS and rIPL increased bilaterally in both the rotation and no-rotation conditions. Importantly, these responses were significantly greater in the rotation vs. no-rotation condition. Similar context effects were detected in the presupplementary motor area, caudal intraparietal sulcus/superior parietal lobule, and bilateral dorsal and left ventral premotor cortices. Grasp representations within the rIPL and aIPS are sensitive to predicted task demands and play a role in context-sensitive grip selection. Moreover, the findings provide additional evidence that areas involved in the sensorimotor control of grasp also contribute to feedforward planning.
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Glaser, Kelli, Vanessa Pazdernik, Denise Sackett, and Valerie Sheridan. "Effect of a required online graded curriculum in the clerkship years on medical student national standardized examination performance." Journal of Osteopathic Medicine 121, no. 8 (June 4, 2021): 673–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jom-2020-0298.
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Abstract Context Many medical schools have a distributed model for clinical clerkship education, challenging our ability to determine student gaps during clinical education. With the graduating class of 2017, A.T. Still University’s School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona (ATSU-SOMA) began requiring additional online curricula for all clerkship courses. Objectives To determine whether third year and fourth year students receiving ATSU-SOMA’s online curricula during core clerkships performed better overall on national standardized examinations than students from previous years who had not received the curricula, and whether scores from online coursework correlated with outcomes on standardized examinations as possible early predictors of success. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed existing data (demographics and assessments) from ATSU-SOMA classes of 2017–2020 (curriculum group) and 2014–2016 (precurriculum group). The effect of the curriculum on national standardized examinations (Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Achievement Test [COMAT] and Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination of the United States [COMLEX-USA]) was estimated using augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW). Correlations between assignment scores and national standardized examinations were estimated using linear regression models. Results The curriculum group had 405 students with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 25.7 (±3.1) years. Two hundred and fifteen (53.1%) students in the curriculum group were female and 190 (46.9%) were male. The precurriculum group had 308 students (mean ± SD age, 26.4 ± 4.2 years; 157 [51.0%] male; 151 [49.0%] female). The online curriculum group had higher COMAT clinical subject exam scores in obstetrics and gynecology, osteopathic principles and practice (OPP), psychiatry, and surgery (all p≤0.04), as well as higher COMLEX-USA Level 2-Cognitive Evaluation (CE) family medicine and OPP subscores (both p≤0.03). The curriculum group had a 9.4 point increase in mean total COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE score (p=0.08). No effect was found for the curriculum overall on COMAT mean or COMLEX-USA Level 2-Performance Evaluation scores (all p≥0.11). Total coursework scores in each core clerkship, excluding pediatrics, were correlated with COMAT mean score (all adjusted p≤0.03). Mean scores for five of the seven assignment types in core clerkships, excluding evidence based medicine types, were positively correlated with COMAT mean scores (all adjusted p≤0.049). All assignment types correlated with COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE total score (all adjusted p≤0.04), except interprofessional education (IPE). Conclusions Results from this study of 713 students from ATSU-SOMA suggested that our online curriculum supplemented clinic based learning during clerkship courses and improved student outcomes on national standardized examinations.
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Melane, Mandlakazi, Cori Ham, and Martina Meincken. "Characteristics of selected non-woody invasive alien plants in South Africa and an evaluation of their potential for electricity generation." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 28, no. 3 (September 22, 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i3a1896.
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Alien invasive plants (AIPs) pose a threat to the existence of plant and animal biodiversity in the ecosystems they invade. They need to be cleared, monitored and eventually eradicated from the landscape. The potential and the economic viability to supply non-woody AIP biomass for electricity generation were assessed in this study, which was conducted on samples from 13 common non-woody AIPs in South Africa, namely: Arundo donax (giant reed), Lantana camara (lantana), Pontederia cordata (pickerel weed), Ricinus communis (castor-oil plant), Opuntia ficus-indica (sweet prickly pear), Solanum mauritianum (bugweed), Atriplex nummularia (saltbush), Cestrum laevigatum (inkberry), Senna didymobotrya (peanut butter cassia), Chromoleana odorata (chromoleana), Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), Cerus jamacaru (queen of the night) and Agave sisilana (sisal plant). Proximate and ultimate analysis was made in order to assess the suitability of the biomass for different thermo-chemical conversion techniques for electricity generation. A financial evaluation of the costs to supply biomass to the plant gate was performed by combining the harvesting, chipping and transport costs. The results showed that the biomass of giant reed, lantana, bugweed, saltbush, inkberry, cassia and Chromoleana may be used to generate electricity through combustion, although the total average cost was approximately 50% higher than that of woody biomass feedstock, requiring a ‘fuel cost subsidy’ to justify their utilisation for energy production.
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Karwowski, Boleslaw. "Ionisation potential and electron affinity of free 5′,8-cyclopurine-2′-deoxynucleosides. DFT study in gaseous and aqueous phase." Open Chemistry 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-009-0105-0.
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AbstractOxidatively generated damage to DNA frequently appears in the human genome as an effect of aerobic metabolism or as the result of exposure to exogenous oxidizing agents. Due to these facts it was decided to present, for the first time, the electron affinity, ionization potential of 5′,8-cyclo-2′-deoxyadenosine/guanosine (cdA, cdG) in their 5′R and 5′S diastereomeric forms. For all points of quantum mechanics studies presented, the density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP parameters on 6-311++G** basis set level was used. The zero-point vibrational corrected adiabatic electron affinity (AEA) and adiabatic ionization potential (AIP) were calculated. Additionally the vertical electron affinity (VEA), vertical detachment energy (VDE) and vertical ionization potential were taken into consideration. AEA in eV (gaseous/aqueous phase) are as follows: 0.3/1.81 (5′R)cdA, 0.13/1.76 (5′S)cdA, 0.17/1.49 (5′R)cdG, 0.14/1.53 (5′S)cdG and AIP followed the order 7.43/5.59(5′S)cdG, 7.49/5.60(5′R)cdG, 7.77/5.97(5′R)cdA, 7.84/5.93(5′S)cdA. The obtained AIPs were found to be lower than that for corresponding natural nucleosides. Therefore, even though the 5′,8-cyclopurine-2′-deoxynucleoside level in a cell was judged as low, they can play an important role in the stability, replication and transcription of genes.
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Philipson, Joakim. "The Red Queen in the Repository." International Journal of Digital Curation 15, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v15i1.646.
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One of the grand curation challenges is to secure metadata quality in the ever-changing environment of metadata standards and file formats. As the Red Queen tells Alice in Through the Looking-Glass: “Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place.” That is, there is some “running” needed to keep metadata records in a research data repository fit for long-term use and put in place. One of the main tools of adaptation and keeping pace with the evolution of new standards, formats – and versions of standards in this ever-changing environment are validation schemas. Validation schemas are mainly seen as methods of checking data quality and fitness for use, but are also important for long-term preservation. We might like to think that our present (meta)data standards and formats are made for eternity, but in reality we know that standards evolve, formats change (some even become obsolete with time), and so do our needs for storage, searching and future dissemination for re-use. Eventually, we come to a point where transformation of our archival records and migration to other formats will be necessary. This could also mean that even if the AIPs, the Archival Information Packages stay the same in storage, the DIPs, the Dissemination Information Packages that we want to extract from the archive are subject to change of format. Further, in order for archival information packages to be self-sustainable, as required in the OAIS model, it is important to take interdependencies between individual files in the information packages into account. This should be done already by the time of ingest and validation of the SIPs, the Submission Information Packages, and along the line at different points of necessary transformation/migration (from SIP to AIP, from AIP to DIP etc.), in order to counter obsolescence.
This paper investigates possible validation errors and missing elements in metadata records from three general purpose, multidisciplinary research data repositories – Figshare, Harvard’s Dataverse and Zenodo, and explores the potential effects of these errors on future transformation to AIPs and migration to other formats within a digital archive.
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Edwards, T. L., V. E. Clowes, H. T. H. Tsang, J. W. Connell, C. M. Sanderson, J. P. Luzio, and E. Reid. "Endogenous spartin (SPG20) is recruited to endosomes and lipid droplets and interacts with the ubiquitin E3 ligases AIP4 and AIP5." Biochemical Journal 423, no. 3 (October 12, 2009): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj4230442x.
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Albert, Reece, and Jurie Moolman. "Protecting Ecosystems by way of Biological Control: Cursory Reflections on the Main Regulatory Instruments for Biological Control Agents, Present and Future." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 16, no. 2 (May 3, 2017): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2013/v16i2a2347.
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Although there are numerous threats to ecosystems and the resultant ecosystem services, alien and invasive plants (AIP) have been identified as being one of the major causes of ecosystem destruction. In addressing the threat of alien and invasive plants through the use of various mechanisms, the regulatory framework imposed by legislation is key in ensuring that that controlling AIPs does in fact not do more harm than good. One such control mechanism, which has the potential to do wonders or wreak havoc if not adroitly implemented, is that of using biological control agents. This contribution provides a brief overview on the three main regulatory instruments used to control biological control agents in South Africa, namely the Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act 43 of 1983, the Agricultural Pests Act 36 of 1983 and the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004. It also considers possible future developments on the regulation of biological control agents.
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Cournoyer, Barry R. "AISW Editorial." Advances in Social Work 1, no. 2 (November 30, 2000): i—iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/16.
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Shin, Dai-Won, and Gi-Moung Lee. "The Analysis of Aeronautical Information with the aerial sporting and recreational activities in AIP." Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics 20, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12985/ksaa.2012.20.1.037.
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Kodolova, A., and A. Solntsev. "Enforcing of environmental liability system in Russian federation and foreign countries: ways of legislation’ improving." Antinomies 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 112–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17506/aipl.2019.19.1.112127.
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Lobovikov, V. "Mathematical model of “dialectical logic”, and relatively autonomous cognitive robots." Antinomies 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17506/aipl.2019.19.1.2948.
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Fishman, L. "Morality professionals: from rhetoric of priceless to political identity." Antinomies 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17506/aipl.2019.19.1.4966.
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Lekanova, E. "System-determining legal prescriptions." Antinomies 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17506/aipl.2019.19.1.6779.
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Kondrashov, P. "Konstantin N. Lyubutin’s key philosophical ideas." Antinomies 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17506/aipl.2019.19.1.728.
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Kresin, O. "Problem of specific elements of national law in works of European scientists of the second half of the XVIII – first third of the XIX century." Antinomies 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 80–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.17506/aipl.2019.19.1.80111.
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Gasparyan, D. "Non-naturalized nature of consciousness in Merab Mamardashvili’s transcendentalism." Antinomies 19, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17506/aipl.2019.19.2.2544.
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Kochukhova, E., and V. Martianov. "Creative city or right toward the city: alternative of urban development in Russian context." Antinomies 19, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17506/aipl.2019.19.2.4566.
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Kostogryzov, P. "Community law." Antinomies 19, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17506/aipl.2019.19.2.6786.
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Zheleznov, A. "Faith as practical attitude toward contingent being." Antinomies 19, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17506/aipl.2019.19.2.724.
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Kuznetsova, S. "Features of the constitutional legal status of the National Human Rights Commission and the state human rights commissions in India." Antinomies 19, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17506/aipl.2019.19.2.87103.
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Moffitt, Alyssa M., and Himangshu S. Bose. "ODP540 Aromatase interacting partner in Breast (AIPB) regulates estradiol in human breast." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1795.
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Abstract Aromatase (estrogen synthetase) catalyzes testosterone to estradiol. It is central in reproduction, reproductive diseases, and a target for inhibitor therapy in estrogen-sensitive diseases. The level of estradiol synthesis is 20-fold or more, during menopause and in breast tumorigenesis. Unfortunately, the mechanism of increased synthesis of estradiol in these affected women is still unknown. Our laboratory has identified aromatase interacting partner (AIPB) from unaffected human breast tissue. Biochemical characterization showed that AIPB is a 22-kDa protein, present in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)along with aromatase. AIPB is stimulated by estrogen but not cAMP or inactivated cycloheximide. The expression of AIPB in unaffected breast tissue and wild-type MCF-12A breast cells showed similar level of AIPB expression. Western blot with tumorigenic human breast tissues showed decrease in expression in AIPB expression in ER+/PR+/Her2- tumors. We further identified that conditional overexpression of AIPB synthesized 3.52 pg/mL of estradiol in comparison to unaffected breast tissue and wild-type MCF-12A breast cells with 9.5 pg/mL and 11.56 pg/mL, respectively. Further incubation of AIPB stable cells with estrogen stimulator, zeranol, reduced estradiol with the increase in AIPB expression confirming that aromatase activity is directly regulated by AIPB. Therefore, AIPB is crucial in understanding the pathophysiology of breast tumor development and in maintaining proper estradiol levels post-menopause and at the start of tumorigenesis. We concluded that there is potential for future advancements in the early prediction of breast cancer with the identification of AIPB expression from breast tissue. Presentation: No date and time listed
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Navarro, Stephanie, Yifei Yang, Carol Ochoa, Aaron Mejia, Sue Kim, Lihua Liu, Caryn Lerman, and Albert Farias. "Asian American ethnic subgroup disparities in time to surgical treatment for breast cancer in the California Cancer Registry." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2021): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.101.
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101 Background: Health risks and outcomes among Asian American patients are not adequately understood when Asians are treated as a homogenous ethnic group. This work is the first to explore trends in time to surgical treatment for breast cancer amongst Asian American ethnic subgroups. Methods: We used data from the population-based California Cancer Registry to identify a cohort of females diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2012-2017 in California. Time to surgical treatment was defined as the time elapsed between definitive diagnosis of breast cancer and receipt of surgery. Covariates included individual patient sociodemographic, health history, and tumor characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the odds of receiving surgery within 30 and 90 days of breast cancer diagnosis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the likelihood of shorter time to surgery. A Bonferroni corrected alpha level was used to account for multiple racial/ethnic group comparisons. Results: Of 106,441 breast cancer patients, 57% were non-Hispanic white (NHW), 21% were Hispanic, 14% were Asian (4% Filipino; 3% Chinese; 1% each of Asian Indian or Pakistani (AIP), Vietnamese, Japanese, and Korean; 3% other Asian), and 6% were non-Hispanic black (NHB). Compared to NHWs, Hispanics (OR = 0.86, 99.5% CI = 0.82-0.92) and NHBs (OR = 0.82, 99.5% CI = 0.76-0.90) were less likely to receive surgery within 30 days of breast cancer diagnosis, while Chinese (OR = 1.30, 99.5% CI = 1.17-1.45) and AIPs (OR = 1.24, 99.5% CI = 1.04-1.48) were more likely to receive surgery within 30 days. These trends persisted for Hispanic (OR = 0.87, 99.5% CI = 0.79-0.96), NHB (OR = 0.73, 99.5% CI = 0.63-0.85), and Chinese patients (OR = 1.33, 99.5% CI = 1.04-1.71) when analyzing the likelihood of receiving surgery within 90 days of diagnosis. Compared to NHWs, Hispanics (OR = 0.94, 99.5% CI = 0.92-0.97), NHBs (OR = 0.88, 99.5% CI = 0.85-0.91), and Vietnamese (OR = 0.90, 99.5% CI = 0.83-0.98) were less likely to experience shorter time to surgical treatment, while Chinese (OR = 1.15, 99.5% CI = 1.09-1.21) and AIPs (OR = 1.09, 99.5% CI = 1.01-1.18) were more likely to have shorter time to surgery. Conclusions: In this population-based study of the California Cancer Registry, trends in time to surgical treatment for breast cancer were not consistent for patients belonging to different Asian ethnic subgroups. While Chinese and AIP patients tended to receive surgery sooner than NHW patients, Vietnamese patients face a disparity in receiving timely surgical treatment relative to NHW patients. Further research is needed to fully understand and appropriately target disparities in breast cancer treatment for patients of different Asian American ethnic subgroups.
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Philipson, Joakim. "Validation for preservation: how sustainable are GBIF datasets?" Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (April 13, 2018): e25805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25805.
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Validation using schemas and tools like the Darwin Core Archive Validator from GBIF are mainly seen as methods of checking data quality and fitness for use, but are also important for long-term preservation. We may like to think that our present (meta)data standards and formats are made for eternity, but in reality we know that standards evolve, formats change (some even become obsolete with time), and so do our needs for storage, searching and future dissemination for re-use. So we might eventually come to a point where transformation of our archival records and migration to other formats will be necessary. This could also mean that even if the AIPs, the Archival Information Packages stay the same in storage, the DIPs, the Dissemination Information Packages that we want to extract from the archive are subject to change of format. Further, in order for archival information packages to be self-sustainable as required in the OAIS model, it is important to take interdependencies between individual files in the information packages into account, already by the time of ingest and validation of the SIPs, the Submission Information Packages, and along the line at different points of necessary transformation / migration (from SIP to AIP, from AIP to DIP etc.) to counter obsolecense. Validation schemas and transformation code should also be archived together with the AIPs. By ensuring compliance with standards these tools are essential in controlling uniformity of records in a collection, for future needs of transformation and migration to new, sustainable formats. An example is given of the problems encountered in transforming only a small, relatively well defined collection of about 1000 archival items but with substantial variations between them, due to a lack of effective input constraints and validation at ingest. A further assessment is made of validation errors encountered in some Darwin Core Archives comprising thousands of records from some hundred published datasets, and how these errors might affect a future potential transformation / migration effort. Migration efforts must necessarily be general in scope, while errors in datasets from non-compliance with standards risk being reinforced or aggravated in the transformation process, making the information contained in the resulting records more difficult to interpret. The conclusion is that efforts should be made, e.g. by means of embedded validation measures into upload forms and other methods of information transfer (e.g. ftp, oai-pmh) to ensure as close compliance as possible to standards, already at the time of ingest. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5699-994X
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Jordaan, G. P., J. M. Warwick, R. Hewlett, and R. Emsley. "FC07-05 - Resting brain perfusion in alcohol-induced psychotic disorder: A comparison in patients with alcohol dependence, schizophrenia and healthy controls." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73554-4.
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IntroductionAlcohol-induced psychotic disorder (AIPD), is an uncommon complication of alcohol abuse. AIPD needs to be distinguished from alcohol withdrawal delirium and schizophrenia and the underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood. Few brain-imaging studies in AIPD have been reported to date. Case reports of brain-imaging in AIPD suggest possible dysfunction in the thalamus, basal ganglia, frontal lobes and cerebellum. The aim of this study was to compare resting brain perfusion (rCBF) in patients with AIPD, uncomplicated alcohol dependence, schizophrenia and healthy volunteers.MethodsSingle photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was utilized to compare rCBF in patients with AIPD (n = 19), schizophrenia (n = 16), uncomplicated alcohol dependence (n = 20) and healthy volunteers (n = 19).ResultsIncreased rCBF was demonstrated in the right calcarine area in patients with AIPD compared to healthy volunteers, with a trend towards increased rCBF to the frontal and temporal lobes and the right pallidum. Decreased left sided rCBF to the putamen, parietal, mid-frontal and mid-temporal lobes and heterogenous flow to the cerebellum were demonstrated in patients with AIPD when compared to patients with uncomplicated alcohol dependence. The left posterior cingulate and right cerebellum showed higher and lower rCBF respectively in patients with AIPD compared to patients with schizophrenia.ConclusionThe findings implicate the right occipital lobe and possibly the cerebellum in the pathogenesis of AIPD. Some findings have similarities with rCBF reports in alcohol-withdrawal. Reduced rCBF to the frontal lobes, thalamus and basal ganglia in AIPD as suggested in previous case reports could not be confirmed.
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Adamek, Margaret E. "AISW Guest Editorial." Advances in Social Work 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2001): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/186.
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