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Costello, Robert. "Adaptive intelligent personalised learning (AIPL) environment." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6251.
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As individuals the ideal learning scenario would be a learning environment tailored just for how we like to learn, personalised to our requirements. This has previously been almost inconceivable given the complexities of learning, the constraints within the environments in which we teach, and the need for global repositories of knowledge to facilitate this process. Whilst it is still not necessarily achievable in its full sense this research project represents a path towards this ideal. In this thesis, findings from research into the development of a model (the Adaptive Intelligent Personalised Learning (AIPL)), the creation of a prototype implementation of a system designed around this model (the AIPL environment) and the construction of a suite of intelligent algorithms (Personalised Adaptive Filtering System (PAFS)) for personalised learning are presented and evaluated. A mixed methods approach is used in the evaluation of the AIPL environment. The AIPL model is built on the premise of an ideal system being one which does not just consider the individual but also considers groupings of likeminded individuals and their power to influence learner choice. The results show that: (1) There is a positive correlation for using group-learning-paradigms. (2) Using personalisation as a learning aid can help to facilitate individual learning and encourage learning on-line. (3) Using learning styles as a way of identifying and categorising the individuals can improve their on-line learning experience. (4) Using Adaptive Information Retrieval techniques linked to group-learning-paradigms can reduce and improve the problem of mis-matching. A number of approaches for further work to extend and expand upon the work presented are highlighted at the end of the Thesis.
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Liang, Zhao. "Sistema multimídia para grafos de decisão no AIPC." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 1996. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1619.
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O sistema CONDOR é uma ferramenta integral de desenvolvimento e consulta de sistemas especialistas. Em um sistema especialista desenvolvido no CONDOR, o conhecimento é representado por um novo esquema de representação chamado Grafo de Decisão, constituído por Ênuplas em uma linguagem denominada RGD, i.e. Representação de Grafos de Decisão. Este trabalho desenvolve uma nova versão do sistema CONDOR. No CONDOR 2.0, as funções básicas e o esquema de representação do conhecimento do CONDOR 1.0 são mantidos. Foram melhorados e estendidos os seguintes: 1) a estrutura de programação do CONDOR 2.0 é a de Orientação a Objetos, 2) desenvolvimento na plataforma Microsoft Windows, 3) expansão do conceito de base de conhecimento em três layers que contém um conjunto de arquivos e aplicações em fontes variadas, 4) inclusão da função multimídia, 5) inclusão da função de associação com outras aplicações externas, 6) extensão da linguagem RGD, 7) desenvolvimento de um novo editor de texto.
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Superti, Guilherme Bicaleto. "Nanocompósitos polímero-aluminofosfatos (silicatos) lamelares = preparação, caracterização e propriedades." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250418.
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Orientadores: Heloise de Oliveira Pastore, Leonardo MarcheseTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: Este trabalho descreve a síntese de dois materiais lamelares, um silicato, a magadiita, e um aluminofosfato, a AlPO-kanemita. No primeiro caso foi feita a substituição isomórfica com alumínio e no segundo com ferro ou vanádio e também se variou os tipos de alquilaminas no espaço interlamelar, alternandose cadeias longas e curtas. A magadiita foi convertida em sua forma ácida por dois métodos diferentes: um pela troca iônica com NH4+ e outro pela troca iônica com HCl. Estudos de DRX em temperaturas crescentes demonstraram que a estabilidade térmica da magadiita não se altera após a introdução de alumínio. A acidez dos materiais foi avaliada pelo monitoramento por FTIR do CO adsorvido e verificou-se que a introdução de alumínio produz sítios de alta acidez, comparável aos zeólitos. A comparação dos dois materiais ácidos diferentes indicou que os sítios produzidos por desamoniação são mais acessíveis ao CO do que os produzidos pela troca com HCl. A AlPO-kanemita foi utilizada na preparação de compósitos poliméricos por dois métodos diferentes, por mistura no estado fundido e polimerização in situ. No primeiro caso os polímeros usados, PP e EVA, não conseguem acessar o espaço interlamelar, enquanto que no segundo caso o PS e a PA6 tem acesso, mas este depende das aminas presentes no espaço interlamelar. As massas moleculares do PS não são afetadas pela presença da AlPO-kan, mas as da PA6 são drasticamente reduzidas. A introdução dos metais de transição tem efeito na decomposição térmica dos polímeros, produzindo uma maior quantidade de um material carbonáceo quando comparada aos análogos sem metal, o que diminui a inflamabilidade do material.
Abstract: This work describes the synthesis of two layered materials, magadiite and AlPOkanemite. The first is a silicate analogous to the natural hydrated layered silicate where isomorphous substitution with aluminum was performed. AlPO-kanemite is an aluminophosphate with the same structure as the hydrated layered silicate kanemite, from the same family as magadiita. It also passed by isomorphous substitution and was also synthesized with different alkylamines at its interlayer space, alternating short and long chains. Magadiite was converted in its acid form by two different methods: ion exchange with NH4+ and themolysis or by ion exchange with HCl. The diffractograms collected in crescent temperatures show that thermal stability of magadiite does not change after introduction of aluminum. The acidity of materials was measured by monitoring the CO adsorption with FTIR and the results shows that the acidity is high, comparable to zeolites. The comparison between the two different acid materials shows that the one produced by desamoniation has acid sites more accessible to probe molecules in respect to the one produced by exchange with HCl. AlPO-kanemite was used to produce polymeric composites by two methods: melt intercalation and in situ polymerization. In the first case the polymers (PP and EVA) were not able to access the interlayer space while at the second one the PS and PA6 were found in theinterlayer space, but their concentration depends on the quantities of the amines present at the material. The molecular mass of PS was not altered by the presence of the AlPO-kan but the PA6 is drastically reduced. The introduction of the metals has effect at thermal decomposition of the polymers, producing a larger quantity of a carbonaceous material when compared to its analogous, but without metals, that diminishes the flammability of the polymer.
Doutorado
Quimica Inorganica
Doutor em Ciências
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Chovítek, Jakub. "Analýza procesů ve společnosti AiP Safe s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85165.
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The subject of the thesis is an process analysis in the company AiP Safe, Ltd. First, theoretical approaches and methods for organization and business process analysis are summarized. The best known modeling notations are also described. For the analysis of AiP Safe, Ltd. was chosen BSP method and for process modeling was chosen BPMN notation. The result of the work is a suggestion to establish strategic goals and strategies to achieve them, change in the organizational structure, optimization of selected processes, introduction of new metrics, introduction of new information system and recommendations based on the SWOT analysis.
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Bentama, Jilali. "Cristallogénèse et propriétés de la berlinite (AIPO) élaborée en milieu chlorhydrique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602899z.
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Ouammou, Mohamed. "Synthèse hydrothermale de AIPO en milieux acides mixtes HCl-HSO-HPO /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376170368.
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Toledo, Rodrigo de Almeida. "Análise do gene AIP na acromegalia familial isolada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-25052010-174002/.
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A acromegalia é doença insidiosa e desfigurante caracterizada por um crescimento desproporcional dos ossos das mãos, pés e do crânio devido à exposição crônica a altos níveis de hormônio de crescimento (GH) e de seu efetor insuline growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Trata-se de uma doença rara, com incidência estimada de 3-4 casos por milhão, com prevalência de aproximadamente 50 casos por milhão de pessoas. A principal causa da acromegalia é a presença de um tumor hipofisário secretor de GH (somatotropinoma). Caso o somatotropinoma ocorra durante a infância ou adolescência, antes do fechamento das epífises dos ossos longos, a criança crescerá longitudinalmente de forma descontrolada, caracterizando a forma clínica gigantismo. Na grande maioria dos casos a acromegalia se apresenta na forma esporádica, entretanto casos familiais da doença podem ocorrer associados à Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla tipo 1 (NEM-1), ao complexo de Carney (CNC) e à acromegalia familial isolada (IFS). Os genes responsáveis pela NEM-1 (MEN1) e CNC (PRKAR1A) foram clonados há mais 10 anos, entretanto etiologia molecular da IFS permaneceu desconhecida até recentemente. Vierimaa et al. (2006) combinaram estudos de ligação por análise de polimorfismos e estudos de expressão gênica e identificaram mutações no gene AIP em famílias com acromegalia não-NEM-1 e não-CNC; além de perda de heterozigose (LOH) nos somatotropinomas dos pacientes com mutação AIP. No presente estudo, investigamos o gene AIP em três famílias brasileiras com IFS e em seus tumores (hipofisários e não-hipofisários). Descrevemos uma nova mutação AIP (Y268X) em uma família brasileira com IFS, confirmando o papel desse novo gene na predisposição a tumores hipofisários. A partir de dados gerados em uma extensa revisão da literatura, sugerimos que os tumores hipofisários familiais isolados são doenças multigênicas que possuiriam um gene principal, mas que sofreriam influência de outros genes/loci ainda pouco caracterizados. Assim, investigamos também o envolvimento de diversos genes/loci candidatos (SSTR2, SSTR5, CDKN1B, AHR, PRKAR1A, PTTG, PROP1, MEG3, RB1 e 2p16) como possíveis moduladores do fenótipo na IFS. Nossos dados sugerem que além da mutação AIP, há necessidade da co-segregação de marcadores localizados em regiões com potencial oncogênico para o desenvolvimento da doença hipofisária. Também apresentamos nesta Tese as primeiras análises de tumores nãohipofisários em pacientes com mutação AIP e encontramos evidências do possível envolvimento de AIP na tumorigênese de um carcinoma funcionante do córtex adrenal de paciente com IFS.Acromegaly is a rare disfigurating and insidious disease characterized by enlargement of hands, feet and skull bones due to excess of growth hormone (GH) secreted by a pituitary tumor (somatotropinoma). The majority of the cases with acromegaly is sporadic, however it may occur in association with inherited disorders as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), Carney complex (CNC) and Isolated Familial Somatotropinoma (IFS). The genes associated with MEN1 syndrome (MEN1) and CNC (PRKAR1A) have been described more than a decade ago, however until very recently the molecular etiology of IFS remained unknown. Using a combined strategy of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis and gene expression analysis, Vierimaa et al. (2006) described mutations in the AIP gene occurring in families with acromegaly not associated with MEN1 and CNC. In the current study, we investigated three Brazilian families with IFS and were able to describe two germline mutations in the AIP gene, confirming the role of this new gene in the predisposition to familial somatotropinoma. We revised the literature of genetic studies of isolated pituitary adenoma syndromes, which indicated a genetic heterogeneity as well as possible multigenic inheritance for these diseases. Thus, we investigated the role of several genes/loci (SSTR2, SSTR5, CDKN1B, AHR, PRKAR1A, PTTG, PROP1, MEG3, RB1 and 2p16) selected as potentially acting as phenotypic modulators in IFS. Our data indicate that AIP-mutated patients are prone to pituitary disease, however it is necessary the co-segregation of markers located at oncogenic regions to the development of the pituitary tumors and manifestation of the disease. Herein, we also present the first somatic analysis of non-pituitary tumors of AIP-mutated patients. A potential role of AIP, which is implicated in the cAMP pathway, could not be excluded in the development of an adrenocortical carcinoma.
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Martins, Gesley Alex Veloso 1980. "Transformações na interface : SAPO-44." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250397.
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Orientador: Heloise de Oliveira PastoreDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
Quimica Inorganica
Mestre em Química
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Geiger, Michael [Verfasser]. "Mutational analysis of the P. falciparum ARO protein, functional analysis of its predicted binding partner AIP and identification of AIP interacting proteins / Michael Geiger." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1227582420/34.
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Leontiou, Chrysanthia. "Pituitary tumorigenesis : studies on the role of AIP and AMPK." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515252.
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Wilson, Amy Sue. "A saga of power, money, and sex in women's athletics: a presidents' history of the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW)." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2661.
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In 1971, female professional physical educators in higher education formed the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) to govern women's college athletics. The AIAW presidents gathered at the University of Iowa in July 1980 for a five-day conference: "AIAW . . . A Decade of Progress: Presidential Review" to create a "living history" of their Association. This qualitative research project uses a critical feminist cultural studies approach to analyze the Presidential Review, a primary source that has never been studied in its entirety. At the Review, the presidents offered insights on their pathways to sport leadership, explained how they understood and lived out the AIAW's philosophy and key principles, and described how they faced constant crisis management during their presidencies. Their journeys to leadership in women's athletics featured both blatant discrimination and transformative opportunities that furthered their understanding of sexism in the patriarchal sport domain and kindled their desire to provide meaningful movement opportunities for girls and women. The presidents carried out this goal through a philosophy they collectively affirmed at the Review: the purpose of athletics is to enrich the lives of participants. Through a democratic and inclusive annual Delegate Assembly, the presidents debated extensively to establish principles such as due process and student representation in their governance structure to ensure the Association's central focus on student welfare. As they developed their alternative model of athletics, the AIAW presidents faced constant crises during their Association's brief existence (1971-82). They confronted lack of awareness and misconceptions about their philosophy, and their most formidable crisis was the threat of the NCAA starting women's programs--a "unilateral takeover" that resulted in the demise of the AIAW. The presidents portrayed the AIAW history as a "saga of power, money, and sex" that involved an intense struggle with the NCAA in which they encountered much resistance to their entry into intercollegiate athletics. Through their involvement in the Review, the presidents contributed dynamic insiders' perspectives on significant circumstances and events that occurred during their leadership years. These serve as an important contribution to the sparse written history of the AIAW.
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Ronda, Bargalló Joan Carles. "Estudio de la polimerización del fenilglicidileter con el sistema aip/znc12." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8980.
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S'ha estudiat la polimerització del 3-fenoxi-1,2-epoxipropà (PGE) racèmic i òpticament actiu en un dissolvent eteri utilitzant com a catalitzador una combinació de isopropòxid d'alumini i diferents halurs de zinc (clorur, bromur, iodur i acetat) en diferents proporcions. Sa relacionat la conversió i el pes molecular de les fraccions isotàctiques de polímer obtingut (PPGE) amb la capacitat coordinativa del sistema iniciador utilitzat. En presencia d'aigua com a codificador s'aconsegueix desactivar selectivament els llocs no estereoselectius del catalitzador i en conseqüència augmenta la conversió i el pes molecular del polímer. S'ha estudiat la cristallinitat de les mostres de PPGE mitjançant raig X i DSC. Encara que ambdós tipus de mostres mostren un patró semblant per raig X, presenten diferencies significatives per DSC. En tots el casos s'ha pogut relacionar la conversió de polímer isotàctic, el pes molecular y el grau de cristallinitat amb les condicions de polimerització i el mecanisme de polimerització.La microestructura dels polímers obtinguts s'ha analitzat mitjançant tècniques de RMN de 1H i 13C, determinant-ne el seu grau de tacticitat i el contingut de unions irregulars. En el cas de les fraccions solubles s'han pogut identificar i quantificar els diferents grups finals de cadena mitjançant tècniques de derivatització "in situ" i anàlisis per RMN de 19F. La naturalesa del extrems de cadena s'ha pogut relacionar amb el mecanisme de polimerització.
També s'han preparat polímers entrecreuats per copolimerització del fenilglicidiléter i diferents diglicidiléters aromàtics utilitzant l'iniciador i les condicions estudiades anteriorment. S'ha pogut determinar que el percentatge d'incorporació del comonomer a la xarxa depèn de la seva estructura. La caracterització dels materials per RMN de 13C i DSC ha permès determinar que es tracta de cadenes altament regular amb un percentatge de isotacticitat molt elevat (80%) lo que es tradueix en una elevada cristalllinitat de les mostres.
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Hampson, Robert W. "Bacterial crowd control : AIP-based analogues and solonamides modulate staphylococcal virulence." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33344/.
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This thesis details research in three areas, in attempts to produce more effective inhibitors of the staphylococcal agr quorum sensing system. The non-ribosomal peptide synthase biosynthetic cluster responsible for the production of the aureusimines represents roughly 0.5% of the S. aureus genome. However, their function is yet to be elucidated. Research detailed herein develops a new reliable method for synthesis for these natural products. Efforts to discover the biological target or function of these compounds using affinity chromatography is reported. Further biological investigations revealed that the aureusimines are mild antagonists of the agr system. Weak inhibition of CCL-2 mediated chemotaxis of monocytes and staphylococcal biofilm formation is also observed. However, the main biological function of these natural pyrazinones is yet to be discovered. The staphylococcal bioreporter assays were used to eludicdate the structure-activity relationship of a series of truncated AIP-based antagonists against the AgrC1 receptor. Promising inhibitors are then evaluated against AgrC2, AgrC3 and AgrC4. Several compounds were found to be potent low nanomolar inhibitors across all four agr groups. A bioreporter assay based on the mutant receptor A101T T104V AgrC1 in which (Ala5)AIP1 is an agonist was also used to evaluate the panel of compounds. This revealed that most of these truncated AIP-based compounds are agonists of the mutant receptor, similar to (Ala5)AIP1. However, (Ala2, Leu4, Tfh5)trAIP1 (3.23) effectively inhibited activation of this bioreporter by AIP1. Compound 3.23 was also a sub-nanomolar inhibitor of AgrC1 and a low nanomolar inhibitor in other agr groups. Compound 3.23 is the most potent AgrC1 inhibitor discovered to date and, furthermore, its effects are likely to be less susceptible to mutations within the AgrC receptor. The depsipeptide natural products, solonamides, were synthesised using two uniquely different strategies. Development of a new synthetic strategy produced analogues with a high yield and diastereomeric excess in contrast with previous low yielding or non-stereoselective strategies. Their previously reported inhibition of the agr system was confirmed and fully quantified. Solonamide A and B inhibit activity in all four agr groups. Expression of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and α-hemolysin were reduced in Staphylococcus aureus KH1187A. Schild analysis of data from agr bioreporters revealed that the inhibition is not competitive (as previously reported), but the solonamides act as negative allosteric modulators of both the AgrC1 and AgrC2 receptors, interacting with a new putative conserved allosteric binding site. Weak agonism at high concentrations was also discovered, which has not been previously observed. A panel of analogues was produced to assess the SAR with AgrC1. Modifications of the solonamide scaffold achieved mild improvements of physical characteristics and potency.
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Patel, Gajendra. "Implementing and Evaluating MQLAIP: A Metabolism Query Language." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1289591644.
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Biasi, Vanessa. "PRODUÇÃO DE SALAME TIPO ITALIANO ATRAVÉS DE CURA NATURAL COM EXTRATOS DE AIPO E ACELGA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5693.
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The meat industry is always alert to consumer s requirements. Consumer s are now in search for healthier products, once they are changing their food habits. The sodium nitrite and other chemical preservatives are related to diseases such as cancer and, because of that, food products without the use of cure agents, or naturally cured, are being largely studied. From vegetable extracts and a nitrate reducing starter culture can prepare cured meat products similar to the conventionally cured. The objective of this research was to develop and evaluate the quality of Italian salami produced by natural curing, using celery and Swiss chard extracts as nitrate source, with or without a nitrate reducing starter culture. Six treatments were evaluated (T1 0,8% celery extract and pre-incubated starter culture; T2 0,8% celery extract and no incubated starter culture; T3 1,2% celery extract and pre-incubated starter culture; T4 0,3% celery extract; T5 0,3% celery extract and pre-incubated starter culture; T6 0,3% Swiss chard and pre-incubated starter culture) and a control (sodium nitrate and sodium eritorbate). Physical-chemical analysis (pH, proximate composition, water activity, sodium nitrite and nitrate, color and TBARS (thiobarbituric test)), microbiological analysis (coliforms at 45ºC, Staphylococcus coagulase-positive, Salmonella sp., sulfite-reducing Clostridium and lactic acid bacteria) and sensory evaluation were done during the maturation period at 0, 1, 4, 7, 10, 15 and 32 days. During the storage period, the oxidative activity (TBARS) and the color of the salami, at 30, 60 and 90 days were evaluated. All treatments showed a development of the typical color of cured meat products and the physical-chemical and microbiological results corresponded to the Brazilian official food regulations. In the sensorial analyses, all treatments were considered worst than control, although treatments T4, T5 and T6 were considered acceptable. The attribute considered most different by the testers was the flavor followed by the odor. During the storage period, the color of the treatments was considered similar to the control, but evaluating the a* values, no color stability was observed in the treatments that used lower extract concentrations, and these values were higher in the treatments than the ones used in the pre-incubated starter culture. Meanwhile, for the color development the pre-incubation time was not necessary. At the end of the storage period, the control showed the highest TBARS value, demonstrating that the vegetable extracts used had an anti-oxidation effect.A indústria cárnea está sempre atenta às exigências dos consumidores, e na busca por produtos saudáveis, uma vez que consumidores estão mudando seus hábitos alimentares. O nitrito de sódio é usualmente utilizado como conservante químico e está relacionado com doenças como o câncer, por isso, produtos elaborados sem a adição desse agente de cura, ou naturalmente curados, estão tendo uma ampla atenção. A partir de extratos vegetais e uma cultura starter nitrato-redutora, podem-se obter produtos cárneos similares aos curados convencionalmente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e avaliar a qualidade de salames tipo Italiano produzidos por cura natural, utilizando extratos de aipo e acelga como fontes de nitrato, adicionados ou não de culturas starters nitrato-redutoras. Avaliaram-se seis tratamentos (T1 - 0,8% de extrato de aipo e cultura starter pré-incubada; T2 - 0,8% de extrato de aipo sem incubação da cultura starter; T3 - 1,2% de extrato de aipo e cultura starter pré-incubada; T4 - 0,3% de extrato de aipo; T5 - 0,3% de extrato de aipo e cultura starter pré-incubada e T6 - 0,3% de extrato de acelga e cultura starter pré-incubada) e um controle (nitrato de sódio e eritorbato de sódio). Realizaram-se análises físico-químicas (pH, composição centesimal, atividade de água, nitrito e nitrato de sódio, cor e TBA (teste do ácido tiobarbitúrico), análises microbiológicas (coliformes a 45ºC, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, Salmonella sp., clostrídios sulfito-redutores e bactérias lácticas) e análise sensorial. Após 30, 60 e 90 dias de armazenamento, foram avaliadas a estabilidade à oxidação lipídica (TBA) e os parâmetros de cor dos salames. Todos os tratamentos apresentaram desenvolvimento de cor típica de produto curado e os resultados físico-químicos e microbiológicos atenderam aos padrões da Legislação Brasileira. Sensorialmente todos os tratamentos foram considerados inferiores ao controle, porém, aceitáveis para os tratamentos T4, T5 e T6. O atributo mais prejudicado foi o sabor, seguido do odor. Durante o período de armazenamento, a cor dos tratamentos manteve-se de maneira semelhante à do controle, porém, avaliando os valores de a*, não apresentou estabilidade nos tratamentos com as menores concentrações de extratos, e estes valores foram superiores nos tratamentos onde houve pré-incubação da cultura starter. Entretanto, para a formação da mesma, não é necessário o tempo de pré-incubação da cultura starter. No final do armazenamento, o tratamento controle apresentou maiores valores de TBA, mostrando a eficiência dos extratos vegetais como antioxidantes.
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Lecoq, Anne-Lise. "Implication d'AIP (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor Interacting Protein) dans la tumorigenèse des adénomes hypophysaires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS028.
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Nous avons souhaité, dans ce travail de Thèse, préciser l'impact de l'invalidation d'AIP sur la fonction sécrétoire et la prolifération des cellules somatotropes in vivo et explorer in vitro les voies de signalisation potentiellement impliquées dans la tumorigenèse hypophysaire AIP-dépendante. L'analyse du phénotype des souris Aip+/-, en particulier de la sécrétion pulsatile de GH, montre que, contrairement à l'Homme, les animaux mutés ne développent pas de gigantisme ni d'hypersécrétion de GH et que la pénétrance de la pathologie tumorale hypophysaire est beaucoup plus faible qu'initialement décrit. Les études réalisées sur les fibroblastes de patients mutés pour AIP et porteurs d'un adénome hypophysaire ainsi que sur les cellules somatolactotropes de rat GH3 révèlent que les mutations d'AIP altèrent l'activité transcriptionnelle d'AhR (Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor), mais affectent également la voie de signalisation de l'AMPc. Enfin, des mutations germinales du gène GPR101, récemment identifiées dans des cas d'acromégalie sporadique, ont aussi été trouvées chez des patients porteurs d'un adénome hypophysaire sporadique non somatotrope, sans association avec les mutations d'AIP. Ce travail a ainsi permis de préciser les conséquences des mutations d'AIP sur la fonction somatotrope et la signalisation d'AhR. Le rôle de l'AMPc dans la tumorigenèse hypophysaire AIP-dépendante sera évalué dans un nouveau modèle de souris transgéniqueIn this work, we investigated the effects of AIP deficiency in vivo on somatotroph cells, both at the secretory and proliferative levels and explored in vitro the signaling pathways potentially involved in AIP-dependent pituitary tumorigenesis. Phenotype analyzes of Aip+/- mice, especially of GH pulsatility, show that, unlike humans, mutant mice do not develop gigantism nor GH hypersecretion and present with a much lower penetrance of pituitary adenomas than initially described. In vitro studies in fibroblasts of AIP-mutation positive patients with pituitary adenomas and in somatolactotroph GH3 cells demonstrate that AIP mutations alter AhR (Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor) transcriptional activity and modify the cAMP pathway. Finally, GPR101 mutations, recently reported in patients with sporadic acromegaly, have also been identified in a small portion of patients with sporadic non-somatotroph pituitary adenomas, without any association with AIP mutations. This research work defines the consequences of AIP mutations on somatotroph cell function and AhR transcriptional activity. The role of cAMP signaling in AIP-related pituitary tumorigenesis will be further evaluated in a new transgenic mouse model
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Rowles, Matthew Ryan. "The structural nature of aluminosilicate inorganic polymers: a macro to nanoscale study." Thesis, Curtin University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1641.
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Aluminosilicate inorganic polymers (AIPs) are network heteropolymers consisting of Si04 and AlO4 tetrahedra linked by a shared oxygen. The use of these materials as a cementing agent, toxic waste storage and fibre reinforced material, amongst a multitude of prospective applications, has grown in recent years. The utilisation of AIPs is hampered by a lack of knowledge about their formation and structure. In order to allow the materials to achieve their full potential, the way in which the material behaves and forms under different conditions must be elucidated. The basic questions that this study aimed to answer were: 1) How does the structure of these AIPs change with composition? and 2) Can this change in structure explain the material properties of the AIP? The AIPs investigated in the study covered the molar composition ranges Si:Al ratio = 1 - 3 and Na:Al ratio = 0.5 - 2. They were made by the sodium hydroxide activation of metakaolinite, derived from the dehydroxylation of kaolinite. The Si content of the AIP was altered by the addition of amorphous silica fume via the activation solution. The study considered the structural nature of the AIPs at the macro, micro and nanoscales, and found that the structure changed at all scales and with all compositions. The nature of the AIP structure was studied at the macroscale utilising compressive strength testing. The results from this work showed that the compressive strength of the AIPs varied systematically with the chemical composition. The strengths recorded ranged from 0.4 ± 0.2 MPa for a sample with Si:Al:Na molar ratios = 1.08:1:0.5, to 64 ± 3 MPa for a sample with Si:Al:Na molar ratios = 2.5:1:1.3. The higher strengths measured exceed those exhibited by Portland cement pastes. The microstructure of the AIPs was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.Microscopy showed that the microstructure variations correlated with the compressive strength. In general, AIPs with low compressive strengths exhibited an inhomogeneous two-phase microstructure; grain and matrix. The grain phase consisted of undissolved metakaolinite, whilst the matrix was the fully formed inorganic polymer. AIPs with high compressive strengths exhibited a microstructure that was more homogeneous than the samples with low compressive strength. The compressive strength of the AIPs depended on both the chemical composition and the level of residual MK present in the microstructure. EDS microanalysis showed that the composition of the two phases was significantly different, and that the differences depended on the overall composition of the AIP. EDS results also demonstrated that the impurity elements present in the metakaolinite were affected by the polymerisation process. Soluble elements such as Ca and Mg were found primarily in the matrix, indicating that they had leached out of the metakaolinite grains, whereas insoluble elements such as Fe and Ti were found primarily in the grains. The nanoscale structure of the AIPs was examined by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and x-ray scattering (XRS). The NMR measurements revealed that the average coordination of Si varied according to the composition of the AIP, whereas the coordination of Al was constant. Na is present in the network in both hydrated and non-hydrated forms. It is postulated that the variation in the Si coordination can be explained by the formation of Si-O-Na bonds with Na forming an ionic bond with 0 in the polymer network. Radial distribution function (RDF) analysis of the XRS patterns revealed little difference in the structure of the different AIPs beyond ~2.5 Å.Unfortunately, the data were of insufficient resolution to allow for a full evaluation of the differences in the Si-O and Al-O bonds between different AIPs. However, the trends present in the shape and position of the RDF peak corresponding to the Si-O and Al-O bonds do follow the composition of the AIP. It has been shown that a variety of experimental techniques can be used in concert to obtain information on the structural nature of AIPs. To this end, it has been found that the compressive strength of AIPs can be optimised, and that the microstructure of the AIPs changes systematically with variations in the compressive strength. An improved model for the structure of AIPs has also been proposed.
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Chai, Nan. "Micro-raman study of iodine nanowires confined inside the channels of AIPO[subscript 4]-11 single crystals /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?PHYS%202008%20CHAI.
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Scudder, Christopher John. "AIP- and organohalogenated-chemical-associated acromegaly : a little help from a feline friend?" Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.766327.
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Rabe, Angela C. "Effectiveness of a Serpentine Inlet Duct Flow Control Scheme at Design and Off-Design Simulated Flight Conditions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28653.
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An experimental investigation was conducted in a static ground test facility to determine the flow quality of a serpentine inlet duct incorporating active flow control for several simulated flight conditions. The total pressure distortion at the aerodynamic interface plane (AIP) was then used to predict the resulting stability for a compression system. This study was conducted using a model of a compact, low observable, engine inlet duct developed by Lockheed Martin. A flow control technique using air injection through microjets at 1% of the inlet mass flow rate was developed by Lockheed Martin to improve the quality of the flow exiting the inlet duct. Both the inlet duct and the flow control technique were examined at cruise condition and off-design simulated flight conditions (angle of attack and asymmetric distortion). All of the experimental tests were run at an inlet throat Mach number of 0.55 and a resulting Reynolds number of 1.76*105 based on the hydraulic diameter at the inlet throat.
For each of the flight conditions tested, the flow control scheme was found to improve the flow uniformity and reduce the inlet distortion at the AIP. For simulated cruise condition, the total pressure recovery was improved by ~2% with the addition of flow control. For the off-design conditions of angle of attack and asymmetric distortion, the total pressure recovery was improved by 1.5% and 2% respectively. All flight conditions tested showed a reduction in circumferential distortion intensity with flow control. The cruise condition case showed reduced maximum circumferential distortion of 70% with the addition of flow control. A reduction in maximum circumferential distortion of 40% occurred for the angle of attack case with flow control, and 30% for the asymmetric distortion case with flow control.
The inlet total pressure distortion was used to predict the changes in stability margin of a compression system due to design and off-design flight conditions and the improvement of the stability margin with the addition of flow control. A parallel compressor model (DYNTECC) was utilized to predict changes in the stability margin of a representative compression system (NASA Stage 35). Without flow control, all three cases show similar reduced stability margins on the order of 30% of the original stability margin for NASA Stage 35 at 70% corrected rotor speed. With the addition of flow control, the cruise condition tested improved the stability margin to 80% of the original value while the off-design conditions recover to 60% of the original margin. Overall, the flow control has been found to be extremely beneficial in improving the operating range of a compression system for the same inlet duct without flow control.Ph. D.
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Haouas, Mohamed. "Etude rmn de la synthese hydrothermale des aluminophosphates microporeux oxyfluores : aipo#4 cj2, ulm-3 et ulm-4." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13015.
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La synthese hydrothermale de trois composes aluminophosphates oxyfluores, aipo#4 cj2, ulm-3 et ulm-4 est etudiee par la resonance magnetique nucleaire (rmn) dans l'objectif d'elucider leurs mecanismes de formation. Notre approche consiste a caracteriser tant le milieu reactionnel en in situ dans les conditions de synthese que les produits intermediaires (ex situ) l'etude ex situ se resume a caracteriser les produits intermediaires, solide et liquide apres separation a temperature ambiante, a differents stades de la synthese. La rmn du solide haute resolution mas de l'#2#7al, du #1#9f et du #3#1p conjointement avec la diffraction des rayons x sur poudre montre une croissance continue des phases cibles, l'aipo#4 cj2, l'ulm-3 ou l'ulm-4, au detriment des composes amorphes. D'autres phases cristallines, intermediaires ou competitives, sont egalement observees en meme temps que les produits de synthese. L'approche in situ a ete possible grace a l'utilisation des tubes rmn 10mm, operant dans des sondes hautes resolution, qui resistent a des temperatures et des pressions allant jusqu'a 200c-20bar. Ces cellules hydrothermales rmn sont fabriquees au laboratoire avec du vespel ou torlon chemisees par du teflon et qui se ferme a l'aide d'un bouchon conique a pas de vis en teflon. Ainsi des observations rmn in situ, tout au long de la synthese des principaux noyaux : #2#7al, #3#1p, #1#9f et #1#4n, sont effectuees afin de caracteriser les especes precurseurs moleculaires de la synthese. Ce travail a eclaire quelques aspects concernant tant les processus que les mecanismes a l'echelle moleculaire de formation des microporeux aluminophosphates oxyfluores. L'investigation tant de la phase solide que liquide est coherente avec un mecanisme base sur une cristallisation suivant un transport en phase liquide plutot qu'une transformation solide-solide. Il se forme en premier une phase amorphe, fluorure d'aluminophosphate, qui se dissout et enrichit la solution en especes reactives. Les complexes fluoroaluminophosphates, precurseurs des especes reactives, sont identifies en solution. Dans les conditions de sursaturation, la rmn met en evidence les clusters de prenucleation. L'interaction de ces unites entre elles dans les solutions sursaturees conduit a la formation du reseau cristallin.
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Jensen, Rasmus O. "Functional analysis of the group specific interactions between AIP and AgrC in Staphylococcus aureus." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10686/.
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Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen. The emergence of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria and lack of new antibiotics has highlighted the need for better understanding of staphylococcal physiology, molecular biology and virulence. In S. aureus the agr quorum sensing (QS) system is a global regulator of virulence. In the agr system an autoinducing peptide (AIP) activates the histidine protein kinase (HPK), AgrC, leading to a switch from the production of colonization factors to exotoxins. The S. aureus agr system has diverged such that there are four different agr groups, each with a distinct AIP capable of activating its cognate AgrC but inhibiting the AgrC of the other groups. To investigate the molecular basis for the recognition of AIPs by AgrC, transmembrane topology modelling together with site-specific mutagenesis were used. The transmembrane topology of AgrC was predicted to consist of six transmembrane helices (TMHs) and three extracellular loops with both the N- and C-terminals on the cytoplasmic side. Since AIP-1 and AIP-4 differ by a single amino acid residue, the S. aureus AgrC1 and AgrC4 proteins were compared to identify extracellular amino acids likely to be involved in AIP recognition. Site-specific mutagenesis was used to exchange the key AgrC1 and AgrC4 amino acid residues in extracellular loops 1 and 2. The response of these AgrC mutants was evaluated using a novel bioluminescent AIP reporter. The data obtained showed that differential recognition of AIP-1 and AIP-4 depend primarily on three amino acid residues in loop 2, but that loop 1 plays an essential for activation but not for inhibition of AgrC. The data obtained also revealed that a single mutation in the AgrC1 loop2 results in conversion of (ala5)AIP-1 from a potent antagonist to an activator, essentially forcing the evolution of a fifth agr group. Attempts to identify AgrC in the cytoplasmic membrane using Western blotting failed, but data obtained using an N-terminal gfp tag showed that AgrC is evenly distributed through out the membrane. Since the processing of AgrD by AgrB to generate an AIP requires at least 3 steps - two endopeptidase steps and the formation of a thiolactone bond to form the macrocycle, it is likely that other proteins are involved in the processing of AgrD and export of the AIP. To identify potential AgrB partners, yeast two hybrid assay was employed which revealed a potential role for the putative ABC transporter Rlp in the processing and/or secretion of AIP. In summary, the data presented define the key amino acid residues involved in AIP/AgrC interactions and imply a role for proteins such as Rlp in AIP synthesis and export.
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Foltran, Renata Kikuchi. "Estudo molecular dos genes GNAS, PTTG, AIP, CDKN1B e MEG3 em adenomas hipofisários esporádicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-02052016-142707/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Os adenomas hipofisários são neoplasias benignas que representam cerca de 15% das neoplasias intracranianas. Em sua maioria ocorre de forma esporádica. Estudos moleculares desses adenomas identificaram anormalidades genéticas que podem ter um papel na sua tumorigênese. Dentre alguns desses genes foram descritos os oncogenes GNAS e PTTG e os genes supressores tumorais AIP, CDKN1B e MEG3. OBJETIVO: realizar estudo molecular dos genes associados a tumorigênese através da pesquisa de mutações nos genes GNAS, AIP e CDKN1B e o estudo de expressão gênica de CDKN1B, PTTG e MEG3 em adenomas aparentemente esporádicos, correlacionando com os dados clínicos e laboratoriais, em pacientes acompanhados no serviço de Endocrinologia do HCFMUSP. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Compreendeu 96 adenomas hipofisários aparentemente esporádicos: 41 somatotropinomas, 27 corticotropinomas, 21 adenomas clinicamente não funcionantes (ACNF) e 7 prolactinomas. Foi realizada avaliação restrospectiva dos dados clínicos e laboratoriais ao diagnóstico. Após a análise histológica por hematoxilinaeosina, foi realizada análise imunohistoquímica das proteínas Ki-67 e p53 e molecular do DNA genômico e RNA, extraídos do tecido tumoral. Análise mutacional das regiões codificantes de AIP e CDKN1B e dos hotspots de GNAS nos éxons 8 e 9 foi realizada através de amplificação por PCR e sequenciamento automático. A quantificação relativa do RNAm de CDKN1B, MEG3 e PTTG foi avaliada pelo método de 2-??Ct por PCR em tempo real. RESULTADOS: Presença de mutações somáticas no gene GNAS (gsp+) em 14,5% dos adenomas. Não houve diferenças significativas clínicas e laboratoriais entre os adenomas gsp+ e gsp-. Variantes com potencial patogênico não foram identificadas nos genes AIP e CDKN1B. A análise imunohistoquímica do Ki-67 apresentou média de 1,32% (0,9-4,5) e do p53 média de 1,04 (1,0-1,8). O gene CDKN1B apresentou expressão média de ,12 ± 0,74 (0,1-3,1), com expressão mais baixa nos corticotropinomas. O gene PTTG apresentou expressão média de 2,49 ± 3,10 (0,2-19,0), com maior expressão nos corticotropinomas. O gene MEG3 apresentou expressão média de 0,95 ± 1,38 (0,0-8,8), com valores mais baixos nos ACNF. Três padrões de cluster nos níveis de expressão de RNAm dos genes CDKN1B, PTTG e MEG3 foram identificados: cluster A = CDKN1B >= 1,85/ PTTG >= 1,25/ MEG3 >= 0,65 foi observado em 100% dos corticotropinomas; cluster B= CDKN1B >= 0,95/ PTTG >= 2,25/ MEG3 >= 0,65 observado apenas nos somatotropinomas (32%) e o cluster C= CDKN1B >= 0,95/ PTTG >= 1,25/ MEG3 >= 0,05 observado na maioria dos ACNF (73%). CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos adenomas apresentaram índices de Ki-67 menor do que 3%. Em conformidade com este achado, a imunohistoquímica para p53 não se mostrou estatisticamente significativa. A mutação ativadora na proteína Gs? (gsp+) foi a mutação mais frequente em adenomas hipofisários esporádicos, principalmente em somatotropinomas. Não foram identificadas variantes com potencial patogênico nos genes AIP e CDKN1B, portanto, parece ser um evento raro em adenomas esporádicos. A expressão gênica aumentada do gene PTTG foi identificada principalmente nos corticotropinomas. No entanto, ela não foi preditiva de subtipo de adenoma. A expressão gênica do CDKN1B estava diminuída na maioria dos corticotropinomas e normal na maioria dos somatotropinomas e ACNF. A expressão gênica do MEG3 estava diminuída na maioria dos adenomas ACNF e corticotropinomas e normal na maioria dos somatotropinomas. Na análise de cluster hierárquico, foram identificados três padrões de expressão gênica que se correlacionaram com subtipo de adenoma hipofisárioBACKGROUND: Pituitary adenomas are benign tumors that account for about 15% of intracranial tumors. Mostly occurs sporadically. Molecular studies of these adenomas identified genetic abnormalities that may have a role in tumorigenesis. Some of these genes have been described as the oncogenes GNAS and PTTG and tumor suppressor genes AIP, CDKN1B and MEG3. OBJECTIVE: perform a molecular study of genes related in tumorigenesis to evaluate presence of mutations in GNAS, AIP and CDKN1B genes and gene expression analysis of CDKN1B, PTTG and MEG3 genes in apparently sporadic adenomas, correlating with the clinical and laboratory data from patients treated at the Endocrinology service of HCFMUSP.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 96 apparently sporadic adenomas was included: 41 somatotropinomas, 27 corticotropinomas, 21 clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) and seven prolactinomas. Retrospective evaluation of clinical and laboratory data from diagnosis. After histological analysis by hematoxylin-eosin staining, it was performed immunohistochemical analysis of Ki -67 and p53 proteins and molecular analysis of genomic DNA and RNA extracted from tumor tissue. Mutational analysis of coding regions of AIP and CDKN1B and hotspots exons 8 and 9 of GNAS was performed by PCR and automatic sequencing. Relative quantification of mRNA CDKN1B, MEG3 and PTTG was evaluated by 2-??Ct method using Real Time PCR. RESULTS: Presence of somatic mutations on GNAS gene (gsp+) in 14,5% of pituitary adenomas. There were no clinical and laboratorial differences between gsp+ and gsp- somatotropinomas. Variants with pathogenic potencial were not identified in AIP and CDKN1B genes. Imunohistochemical analysis showed mean of 1,32% (0,9-4,5) for Ki-67 and mean of 1,04% (1,0-1,8) for p53. Gene expression of CDKN1B presented a mean of 1,12 ± 0,74 (0,1-3,1) with lower expression in corticotropinomas. Gene expression of PTTG presented a mean of 2,49 ± 3,10 (0,2-19,0) with higher expression in corticotropinomas. Gene expression of MEG3 presented a mean of 0,95 ± 1,38 (0,0-8,8) with lower expression in NFPA. Three cluster patterns in the levels of mRNA expression of genes CDKN1B, PTTG and MEG3 were identified: cluster A = CDKN1B >= 1,85/ PTTG >= 1,25/ MEG3 >= 0,65 observed in 100% of corticotropinomas; cluster B= CDKN1B >= 0,95/ PTTG >= 2,25/ MEG3 >= 0,65 observed only in somatotropinomas (32%) and cluster C= CDKN1B >= 0,95/ PTTG >= 1,25/ MEG3 >= 0,05 observed in most of NFPA (73%). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the adenomas showed Ki -67 index lower than 3%. In accordance with this finding, immunohistochemistry for p53 was not statistically significant. The activating mutation in the Gs? protein (gsp+) was the most common mutation in sporadic pituitary adenomas, particularly in somatotropinomas. Variants with pathogenic potential have not been identified in the AIP and CDKN1B gene therefore seems to be a rare event in sporadic adenomas. Increased gene expression of PTTG was primarily identified in corticotropinomas. However, it was not predictive of adenoma subtype. The gene expression of CDKN1B was decreased in most corticotropinomas and normal in most somatotropinomas and NFPA. The gene expression of MEG3 was decreased in most of NFPA and corticotropinomas, and normal in most somatotropinomas. In hierarchical cluster analysis was identified three patterns of gene expression that correlated with pituitary adenoma subtype
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Ribeiro, Mariana Wilson. "A importância das Agências de Internacionalização para as PME : o caso da AIP - CCI." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5908.
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Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisAs agências de internacionalização desempenham cada vez mais um papel muito importante no percurso das pequenas e médias empresas. Estas agências contribuem para a vantagem competitiva das pequenas e médias empresas formando-as e preparando-as para a sua entrada em mercados internacionais. Este trabalho pretende demonstrar a importância das agências de internacionalização através do exemplo prático de uma agência, a Associação Industrial Portuguesa – Câmara de Comércio e Indústria, das conclusões de autores especializados na temática da internacionalização de empresas e de estudos que caracterizam o perfil exportador das pequenas e médias empresas em Portugal. Após a análise do caso de estudo, artigos e dados estatísticos apresentados, este trabalho permite perceber de que forma as agências de internacionalização podem ter um contributo importante junto de pequenas e médias empresas que determinem internacionalizarem-se através destas agências, bem como as mais valias inerentes à tomada deste passo por parte de uma empresa.
The internationalization support agencies play an increasingly important role in the path of small and medium enterprises. These agencies contribute to the competitive advantage of small and medium enterprises teaching and preparing them to entry into new international markets. This paper discusses the importance of internationalization support agencies through the practical example of an agency, the Portuguese Industrial Association - Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Through bibliographies by authors specialized in the issue of the internationalization of firms and statistics that characterize the profile of exporting small and medium enterprises in Portugal. After analyzing the case study, articles and statistical data presented, this work allows us to see how the internationalization support agencies may have an important contribution throughout the small and medium enterprises that determined to internationalize themselves through these, as well as the gains inherent by taking this step.
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Fernandes, Mário Marques. "Validação do instrumento de Análise da Impressão e do Impacto do Prejuízo Estético (AIPE) para uso em Odontologia Legal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23153/tde-25022016-165121/.
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Nas últimas décadas o grande número de vítimas de acidentes de trânsito, violência urbana, traumas pela prática desportiva, acidentes de trabalho e do próprio erro profissional aumentou a preocupação com os aspectos periciais, seja no âmbito criminal ou sede civil, em razão das sequelas oriundas desses ferimentos e traumas, incluída nessa perspectiva a região maxilofacial. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou traduzir e adaptar culturalmente as questões constantes no instrumento espanhol de Análise da Impressão do Impacto do Prejuízo Estético (AIPE) proposto por Cobo Plana (2010) para ser utilizado no Brasil, e validar esse instrumento junto a cirurgiões-dentistas da área de Odontologia Legal. Após o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural, foram simuladas com maquiagem lesões cicatriciais na região maxilofacial de dois modelos, um masculino e outro feminino. Selecionaram-se cirurgiões-dentistas em formação na Especialidade de Odontologia Legal para serem avaliadores. Esses aplicaram o método constituído de quatro quadros numa sequência de dez imagens randomizadas que mostraram modelos sem lesão e com lesões (cicatrizes) na face. A validação do instrumento foi verificada através da medida da confiabilidade dos observadores, através do Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse, mostrando-se no geral satisfatória para uma e excelente para outras duas lesões, dentre as três repetidas. No que versa sobre o erro interexaminador, a análise descritiva dos resultados mostrou um coeficiente de variação dos escores em 40,12% ao considerarmos todos os coeficientes, o que mostra uma relativa homogeneidade dos escores. Os quatro quadros traduzidos e adaptados culturalmente para língua portuguesa mostraram-se com potencial de oferecer maior objetividade na valoração do dano estético.In the last decades, the elevated number of victims of traffic accidents, urban violence, sports-related trauma, occupational injuries, and professional-related errors increased the concern with the expert aspect, whether in the criminal or civil context, because of the sequelae associated with these injuries and trauma, also to the maxillofacial region. In this sense, this study aimed to translate into Brazilian Portuguese and culturally adapt for use in Brazil the Spanish instrument called Analysis of Aesthetic Damage Impression and Impact (AIPE) proposed by Cobo Plana (2010), and to validate the instrument among dentists working in forensic dentistry. After translation and cultural adaptation, fake scars (moulage) were placed on the maxillofacial region of two models, a male and a female. Dentists specializing in forensic dentistry were selected to make the assessments. These students used the instrument, which consists of four tables, on a sequence of ten randomized images, showing models with and without facial scars. The intraclass correlation coefficient measured observer reliability to verify instrument validity. In general the method was satisfactory for one scar and excellent for two scars of the three repeated scars. Regarding intertester error, descriptive analysis of the results showed a variation coefficient of the scores of 40.12% when all the coefficients were considered, demonstrating that the scores were relatively homogeneous. The four tables translated into Brazilian Portuguese and culturally adapted for Brazil have the potential to increase the objectivity of aesthetic damage assessment.
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Cox, Spencer L. "User Datagram Protocol with Congestion Control." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1250.pdf.
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Rowles, Matthew Ryan. "The structural nature of aluminosilicate inorganic polymers: a macro to nanoscale study." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, 2004. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16061.
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Aluminosilicate inorganic polymers (AIPs) are network heteropolymers consisting of Si04 and AlO4 tetrahedra linked by a shared oxygen. The use of these materials as a cementing agent, toxic waste storage and fibre reinforced material, amongst a multitude of prospective applications, has grown in recent years. The utilisation of AIPs is hampered by a lack of knowledge about their formation and structure. In order to allow the materials to achieve their full potential, the way in which the material behaves and forms under different conditions must be elucidated. The basic questions that this study aimed to answer were: 1) How does the structure of these AIPs change with composition? and 2) Can this change in structure explain the material properties of the AIP? The AIPs investigated in the study covered the molar composition ranges Si:Al ratio = 1 - 3 and Na:Al ratio = 0.5 - 2. They were made by the sodium hydroxide activation of metakaolinite, derived from the dehydroxylation of kaolinite. The Si content of the AIP was altered by the addition of amorphous silica fume via the activation solution. The study considered the structural nature of the AIPs at the macro, micro and nanoscales, and found that the structure changed at all scales and with all compositions. The nature of the AIP structure was studied at the macroscale utilising compressive strength testing. The results from this work showed that the compressive strength of the AIPs varied systematically with the chemical composition. The strengths recorded ranged from 0.4 ± 0.2 MPa for a sample with Si:Al:Na molar ratios = 1.08:1:0.5, to 64 ± 3 MPa for a sample with Si:Al:Na molar ratios = 2.5:1:1.3. The higher strengths measured exceed those exhibited by Portland cement pastes. The microstructure of the AIPs was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.Microscopy showed that the microstructure variations correlated with the compressive strength. In general, AIPs with low compressive strengths exhibited an inhomogeneous two-phase microstructure; grain and matrix. The grain phase consisted of undissolved metakaolinite, whilst the matrix was the fully formed inorganic polymer. AIPs with high compressive strengths exhibited a microstructure that was more homogeneous than the samples with low compressive strength. The compressive strength of the AIPs depended on both the chemical composition and the level of residual MK present in the microstructure. EDS microanalysis showed that the composition of the two phases was significantly different, and that the differences depended on the overall composition of the AIP. EDS results also demonstrated that the impurity elements present in the metakaolinite were affected by the polymerisation process. Soluble elements such as Ca and Mg were found primarily in the matrix, indicating that they had leached out of the metakaolinite grains, whereas insoluble elements such as Fe and Ti were found primarily in the grains. The nanoscale structure of the AIPs was examined by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and x-ray scattering (XRS). The NMR measurements revealed that the average coordination of Si varied according to the composition of the AIP, whereas the coordination of Al was constant. Na is present in the network in both hydrated and non-hydrated forms. It is postulated that the variation in the Si coordination can be explained by the formation of Si-O-Na bonds with Na forming an ionic bond with 0 in the polymer network. Radial distribution function (RDF) analysis of the XRS patterns revealed little difference in the structure of the different AIPs beyond ~2.5 Å.
Unfortunately, the data were of insufficient resolution to allow for a full evaluation of the differences in the Si-O and Al-O bonds between different AIPs. However, the trends present in the shape and position of the RDF peak corresponding to the Si-O and Al-O bonds do follow the composition of the AIP. It has been shown that a variety of experimental techniques can be used in concert to obtain information on the structural nature of AIPs. To this end, it has been found that the compressive strength of AIPs can be optimised, and that the microstructure of the AIPs changes systematically with variations in the compressive strength. An improved model for the structure of AIPs has also been proposed.
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Courbard, Jean-Rémy. "Régulation de la signalisation du récepteur à l'EGF [Epidermal Growth Factor] par les E3 ligases Cbl-c & AIP4/Itch." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX20658.
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Pour stopper le signal à la membrane, les RTK sont internalisés dans des vésicules de clathrine. Dans les endosomes, ils sont encore internalisés dans des vésicules et adressés aux lysosomes pour être dégradé. Ces deux étapes clés de la régulation négative sont régulées par l'ubiquitine, signal de recrutement des protéines contrôlant l'internalisation. Les E3 ligases Cbl, et notamment c-Cbl, ont un rôle central dans la régulation de EGFR car elles induisent l'ubiquitination du récepteur à la membrane plasmique puis au niveau des endosomes. Le troisième membre de la famille Cbl, Cbl-c, a été cloné dans le laboratoire. A l'instar des autres Cbl, il induit l'ubiquitination de EGFR. Nous avons identifié un partenaire inédit et inattendu de Cbl-c : une E3 ligase de la famille HECT, AIP4/Itch. Nous avons montré que cette association pouvait contribuer à la régulation négative de EGFR. Comment et à quel moment clé de la régulation intervient-elle, cela reste à éluciderIn order to stop the signal at the plasma membrane, TKR are internalised in clathrin vesicles. In the endosomes, they are internalised in endosomal vesicles, and then they are addressed to lysosome compartment to be degraded. These two negative regulation critical steps are controlled by the ubiquitin molecule which serves as recruitment signal for regulation proteins controlling the internalisation processes. Cbl E3 ligases, and notably c-Cbl, play a central role in EGFR downregulation inducting EGFR ubiquitination at the plasma membrane and in the endosomes. The third Cbl family member, Cbl-c was cloned in the laboratory. As the others Cbl members, Cbl-c is able to ubiquitinate EGFR. We identified a new Cbl-c partner: a HECT E3 ligase, AIP4/Itch. We showed that the association could contribute to the EGFR ubiquitination and downregulation. But we do not know yet how and when the association takes place
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González, Fernando. "Analysis of QoS using IEEE 802.11e for WLANs." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2114.
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IEEE 802.11 [1]is the standard that has emerged as a prevailing technology for the wireless local area networks. It can be considered the wireless version of Ethernet, which supports best-effortservice. IEEE is developing a new standard called 802.11e to be able to provide quality of service (QoS) in WLANs. Two possible methods have been proposed in [3]in order to improve the performance of service differentiation in the MAC layer. They are called PCWA (Practical Contention Window Adjustment) and AIPM (Adaptive Initiative Polling Machine). In this thesis, I will analyse both methods and propose new ideas to improve their performance, simulating the ideas concerning PCWA. Simulations show better general performance, especially for highest priorities flows, although the behaviour of the lowest priority one is reduced.
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Pietra, Stefano. "Characterization of New Players in Planar Polarity Establishment in Arabidopsis." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysiologisk botanik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-87838.
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Coordinated polarity and differentiation of cells in the plane of a tissue layer are essential to the development of multicellular organisms. Arabidopsis thaliana root hairs and trichomes provide model systems to study the pathways that control planar polarity and cell fate specification in plants. A concentration gradient of the plant hormone auxin provides an instructive cue that coordinates polar assembly of signalling complexes at plasma membranes of root epidermal cells; however, knowledge about additional players and cytoskeletal effectors driving cell polarization prior to hair emergence remains limited. On the other hand, epidermal cell fate specification is controlled by a well-characterized gene network of transcription factors that translate positional signals and cell-to-cell communication into tissue-wide patterning. Yet, new components are continuously found to interact with the patterning pathway, shedding light on its connections with diverse developmental processes. This thesis presents the SABRE (SAB) gene as a novel player in planar polarity establishment and root epidermal patterning. SAB is a large protein with sequence similarity to proteins present in all eukaryotes and affects planar polarity as well as orientation of cell divisions and cortical microtubules. Genetic interaction with the microtubule-associated protein gene CLASP further supports involvement of SAB in microtubule arrangement, suggesting a role for this gene in cytoskeletal organisation. Strikingly, SAB also interacts genetically with ACTIN7 (ACT7), and both ACT7 and its modulator ACTIN INTERACTING PROTEIN 1-2 (AIP1-2) contribute to planar polarity of root hair positioning. Cell-file specific expression of AIP1-2 depends on the epidermal-patterning regulator WEREWOLF (WER), revealing a connection between actin organization, planar polarity and cell fate specification. Consistent with this finding, SAB also functions in patterning of the root epidermis by stabilizing cell fate acquisition upstream of the core patterning pathway. These results unveil new roles for SAB in planar polarity and epidermal patterning and suggest that organization of the microtubule and the actin cytoskeleton are important to both planar polarity establishment and cell fate specification.Samordning av polaritet och differentiering av celler inom ett vävnadslager är avgörande för utvecklingen av multicellulära organismer. Rothår och bladhår hos Arabidopsis thaliana utgör modellsystem för att studera signalvägar som kontrollerar planpolaritet och specifikation av cellers öde hos växter. En koncentrationsgradient av växthormonet auxin ger en instruktiv signal som koordinerar polär hopsättning av signalkomplex vid plasmamembranet i rotepidermisceller; dock är kunskapen om ytterligare aktörer och hur cytoskelettets aktörer påverkar cellpolaritet innan rothår bildas begränsad. Vad gäller differentieringen av epidermala cellers öde kontrolleras dessa genom ett väl karakteriserat nätverk av transkriptionsfaktorer som överför positionssignaler och cell-till-cell kommunikation till vävnadsomfattande mönsterbildning. Fortfarande hittas dock nya komponenter som interagerar med signalvägarna för mönsterbildning, vilket ger nya insikter om dess förbindelser med diverse utvecklingsprocesser. Denna avhandling presenterar genen SABRE (SAB) som en ny aktör i etableringen av planpolaritet och mönsterbildning av rotepidermis. SAB är ett stort protein som har sekvenslikhet med proteiner som finns i alla eukaryoter och det påverkar planpolaritet, orientering av celldelning och kortikala mikrotubler. Genetisk interaktion med genen för det mikrotubuli-associerade proteinet CLASP stärker ytterligare inblandningen av SAB i organiserandet av mikrotubler och antyder att denna gen har en roll i organiserandet av cytoskelettet. Slående är att SAB även interagerar genetiskt med ACTIN7 (ACT7) och att både ACT7 och dess modulator ACTIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN1-2 (AIP1-2) bidrar till planpolaritet vid positionering av rothår. Cellfils-specifikt uttryck av AIP1-2 beror på den epidermala mönsterbildande genen WEREWOLF (WER), vilket påvisar ett samband mellan organisationen av aktin, planpolaritet och specifikationen av cellers öde. SAB fungerar även i mönsterbildning av rotens epidermis och stabiliserar förvärvet av cellöde uppströms av den centrala signalvägen för mönsterbildning. Dessa resultat visar på nya roller för SAB i planpolaritet och mönsterbildning av epidermis och indikerar att organiseringen av mikrotubler och aktin-cytoskelettet är viktiga både för etablerandet av planpolaritet och för specificeringen av cellers öde.
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Igreja, Susanna. "Novel genetic causes of sporadic and familial pituitary adenomas : Assessment of CDKN1B and AIP gene mutations." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528977.
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Thoendel, Matthew James. "Synthesis of the accessory gene regulator autoinducing peptide in Staphylococcus aureus." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2999.
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The accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum-sensing system is one of the major regulators of virulence factor production in the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Activation of the system depends on the production and sensing of a cyclic peptide signal called the autoinducing peptide (AIP). The biosynthesis of AIP depends on the coordinated action of the AgrB integral membrane endopeptidase and SpsB signal peptidase to process the peptide precursor AgrD into the final signal structure. The primary goal of this dissertation was to gain further insight on the role of AgrD and AgrB in the AIP biosynthesis mechanism. Studies in Chapter II were undertaken to better understand the role of AgrD domains in AgrB-mediated processing. A series of truncation and site-directed mutagenesis studies identified key residues in the AgrD C-terminus that were essential for AgrB processing and AIP production. In parallel, genetic manipulation of the N-terminal leader and AIP-encoding sequence revealed a role for these segments in AIP processing. For the first time, a complex of AgrD covalently linked to AgrB was identified, supporting proposals that this intermediate is an important precursor to AIP production. In Chapter III structure-function studies were performed on AgrB to gain further insight into the AIP biosynthetic mechanism. Initially, the agrBD genes were subjected to random mutagenesis and screened for deficiencies in AIP production. Single-site mutations at 20 different residues within AgrB and another 14 in AgrD were isolated. Interestingly, new mutations in the AgrD N-terminal leader were identified that affect AIP biosynthesis at different steps. In AgrB, most of the mutations blocked peptidase activity, but charge alterations to the K129-K131 region were defective in a later pathway step, separating the peptidase function from AIP ring formation and transport. To localize the AgrB mutations, we reevaluated the membrane topology using the substituted cysteine accessibility method. Our new model predicts four transmembrane helices and a reentrant loop, with both termini located outside of the cell. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation studies indicate that AgrB forms oligomeric structures within the membrane. Taken together, these findings provide a better understanding of the functional role of specific AgrD and AgrB regions in AIP biosynthesis.
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Plyley, Dale E. "The AIAW vs. the NCAA, a struggle for power to govern women's athletics in American institutions of higher education, 1972-1982." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ28637.pdf.
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Wei, Xin. "Analysis of Quality of Service of Wireless LAN for IEEE 802.11e." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2154.
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Nowadays Wireless LAN is playing a more and more important role in network systems. After 1999, in which the IEEE organization published its Wireless Local Network standard 802.11[1], many people saw the advantages of the standard but also the lack of support for multimedia streaming. A lot of research work has been done on the proposed IEEE 802.11e standard draft during the past 4 years. It is supposed to be able to fully support Quality of Service. The final version will be published early in 2004. In my thesis, I propose two possible methods to improve the performance of service differentiation in the MAC layer. The first one is calledPCWA (Practical Contention Window Adjustment). It is a method with which the station finds a best size of its contention window when running the EDCF (Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function) access method. It helps to improve the total system throughput, the jitter and the delay of traffics with different priorities. The second method is called AIPM (Adaptive Initiative Polling Machine). It uses the polling mechanism for differential service, intelligently arranging the polling time to reduce the delay as much as possible, achieving large improvement in performance. This method significantly increases the total system throughput, while the delay and jitter of the traffics are very much small in comparison to EDCF.
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Silva, Daniele Pena da. "Interesses profissionais em jovens de ensino médio: um estudo comparativo entre a AIP e o BBT-Br." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-09022015-181020/.
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Processos de Orientação Profissional e de Carreira objetivam auxiliar pessoas a refletirem sobre seus projetos de vida e as decisões relacionadas à carreira. Em tais processos instrumentos de avaliação psicológica, utilizados em uma perspectiva dinâmica e integrativa, podem contribuir para a clarificação das inclinações e disposições para a escolha da carreira em pessoas que buscam auxílio para tal empreendimento. Entre as diversas variáveis psicológicas que influenciam as escolhas ocupacionais destacam-se, neste estudo, os interesses profissionais, mensurados por meio de dois instrumentos: a Avaliação de Interesses Profissionais (AIP) e o Teste de fotos de Profissões (Berufsbilder Test, BBT-Br). Assim, esta investigação objetiva descrever as estruturas de interesses profissionais em estudantes do ensino médio regular e técnico em função do sexo e da procedência escolar, avaliar índices de consistência interna (fidedignidade) dos instrumentos, e correlacionar os resultados da AIP com o BBT-Br. A amostra desta investigação foi composta por 231 participantes, com idade entre 16 e 55 anos; 75 (32,5%) do sexo masculino e 156 (67,5%) do sexo feminino; 121 (52,4%) provenientes do ensino médio técnico e 110 (47,6%) do ensino médio regular. Os alunos do curso técnico eram oriundos dos cursos de administração, secretariado, eletrônica, design, mecatrônica, edificações e eletrotécnica. Os resultados indicaram a existência de diferenças significativas de escolhas em função do sexo dos participantes, tal como em estudos similares da área, que já apontavam a existência de padrões de escolhas diferenciados entre homens e mulheres. Em relação à procedência escolar, foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os estudantes de ensino médio regular e técnico somente no grupo masculino da amostra. No que diz respeito aos índices de consistência interna da AIP (Alfa de Cronbach), foram obtidos valores que variaram de 0,529 a 0,746, que podem ser considerados índices razoáveis; para o BBT-Br foram encontrados valores de consistência interna entre 0,418 a 0,753, indicadores também classificados como índices razoáveis de fidedignidade. Quanto a análise dos índices de correlação (Correlação de Pearson) entre a AIP e o BBT, foram obtidas diversas correlações significativas ( 0,30), tanto no grupo feminino da amostra quanto no grupo masculino. Assim, aponta-se para a convergência dos resultados dos instrumentos avaliados. Sobre os índices de consistência interna da AIP, indica-se a necessidade de aprimoramento do instrumento. Por fim, assinala-se a importância de ampliação de estudos que avaliem as características de estudantes de ensino médio técnicoCareer Guidance and Career Processes aim to assist people in reflecting on their own life plans and decisions related to career. Applied in a dynamic and integrative perspective, psychological assessment instruments can contribute to clarify inclinations and dispositions to career choice for those who seek help for such undertaking. Among several psychological variables that can influence occupational choices, the professional interests stand out in this study, measured by two instruments: the Assessment of Professional Interests (AIP) and the Test of pictures of Occupations (Berufsbilder Test, BBT-Br). This research aims to describe the structures of professional interests of students in regular secondary and technical education schools by gender and school of origin. To assess the internal consistency (reliability) of the chosen instrument, the results have been correlated to the AIP BBT-Br. The research sample consisted of 231 participants, aged from 16 to 55 years; 75 (32.5%) male and 156 (67.5%) female patients; 121 (52.4%) and 110 (47.6%) from technical schools and regular high schools, respectively. Students in technical schools were distributed in courses on administration, secretarial, machine design, mechatronics, electrical engineering, and buildings. The results indicated significant differences in career choices depending on the sex of the participants. This agrees with similar studies already reported in the area, indicating the existence of patterns of differentiated choices between men and women. Also, for the school of origin, it was found significant differences between students from technical and regular schools only in the male sample group. Regarding to internal consistency of the AIP (Cronbach\'s alpha), values ranged from 0.529 to 0.746 , which can be considered reasonable rates; for the BBT -Br were found internal consistency values between 0.418 to 0.753, indicators also classified as reasonable levels of reliability. With respect to the analysis of correlation coefficients (Pearson correlation) between the AIP and the BBT, several significant correlations ( 0.30) were obtained in both female and male sample groups. Therefore, it is noted for the convergence of the results of both instruments; on the internal consistency of the AIP, it indicates the need for improving the instrument. Finally, we point out the importance of expanding studies to evaluate the characteristics of students from technical high schools
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Melo, Flavia Marques de. "Avaliação de mutações nos genes supressores de tumor MEN1 e AIP em prolactinomas associados a síndromes familiais." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-97CJFH.
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Pituitary adenomas are benign neoplasms that arise from the expansion of single cells from the adeno-pituitary. These tumors comprise 10 to 15% of all intracranial tumors. The pathogenic mechanisms of these tumors can be either genetic or epigenetic
changes, resulting in the deregulation of cell cycle, signaling defects or loss of tumor suppressor factors. The prolactinoma is the most frequent pituitary adenoma, and may cause infertility. However, familial cases are rare and poorly characterized. Therefore, the propose of this work is to perform molecular characterization of two families that carry prolactinoma: family 1, which harbors familial isolated prolactinoma, and family 2, a familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 case. We surveyed mutations in two tumor suppressor genes, AIP and MEN1. For this study, genomic DNA was extracted from affected as well as healthy members of both families. Sequencing was performed
for the 9 coding exons of MEN1, and the 6 exons of AIP. Significant variants were not detected in MEN1 for neither tested samples from both families. Unexpectedly, there were no mutations on AIP in family 1, but the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 patient has the genetic variation p.R16H in exon 1 of AIP. Considering the related results, no correlations were detected between mutations in the selected genes and
prolactinoma development in family 1. The rule of p.R16H variant in pituitary adenoma development in family 2 patient needs further investigation.Adenomas de hipófise são neoplasias benignas que ocorrem a partir da expansão de células específicas da adenohipófise. Estes tumores compreendem 10 a 15% de todos os tumores intracranianos. Os mecanismos patogênicos destes podem ocorrer em função de alterações genéticas ou epigenéticas, que resultam na desregulação do ciclo celular, alteração da sinalização intracelular ou perda de fatores supressores de tumor. O prolactinoma é o adenoma hipofisário mais frequente e pode causar infertilidade. No entanto, casos familiais da doença são raros e pouco entendidos. Portanto, a proposta deste trabalho foi realizar caracterizações moleculares de duas famílias com histórico de prolactinoma: a família 1, identificada como prolactinoma familial isolado, e a família 2, um caso de neoplasia endócrina múltipla tipo 1 (MEN1). Para isso, foram pesquisadas mutações em dois genes supressores de tumor, AIP e MEN1. DNA genômico foi extraído de integrantes hígidos e afetados das duas fam ílias estudadas. O sequenciamento foi realizado para os 9 exons codificantes de MEN1, e os 6 exons de AIP. Nenhuma variante foi detectada no gene MEN1 nas amostras testadas de ambas as famílias. Também não foram detectadas mutações em AIP nos pacientes da família 1, mas o paciente portador de MEN1 apresentou a variante p.R16H. De acordo com os resultados desse trabalho, não há correlações entre mutações nos genes MEN1 e AIP e o desenvolvimento de prolactinoma na família 1. O papel da variante p.R16H na progressão de MEN1 no paciente da família 2 necessita de maiores investigações.
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Valles, Jose Antonio. "Acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15619.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Clinical Sciences
Daniel U. Thomson
Acute Interstitial Pneumonia (AIP) is a costly issue that affects feedlot cattle, especially during hot and dry summers. Research has yet to elucidate the exact etiology of AIP; therefore this study was conducted to determine possible factors that contribute to AIP in feedlot cattle. During the summer of 2011 in a 55,000 head feedyard in southwest Kansas, animals exhibiting clinical signs of AIP were selected for ante-mortem examination and data collection. The animal population within the feedlot consisted of 75% heifers and 25% steers. Approximately 50% of the animal population was black hided animals. Ante-mortem data consisted of rumen gas cap measurement for NH3 and H2S, rumen pH, serum chemistry, rectal temperature, and body weight. Post-mortem cases with and without ante-mortem evaluations were also selected for an additional examination. Postmortem examination included similar data as ante-mortem examination with addition of visual and histological examination of lung tissue. There were 31 ante-mortem cases of clinical AIP with the following observations (mean ± SD): rectal temperature 105.3 ± 0.7 °F, weight 1098 ± 123 lbs., H2S 136 ± 133.3 ppm, and rumen pH 6.4 ± 0.5. Twenty-five healthy cohorts were selected from identical pens to serve as controls. Observations from control animals were: rectal temperature 103.7 ± 1.1 °F, weight 1113 ± 133.3lbs, H2S 269.8 ± 311.6 ppm and rumen pH 6.2 ± 0.6. A total of 61 post-mortem cases with a preliminary diagnosis of AIP were analyzed and displayed the following values: H2S 1279.7 ± 1569 ppm, and rumen pH 6.3 ± 0.36. Fifty-three of these postmortem cases had diffuse, focal and /or patchy AIP confirmed by histology.
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Renaud, Denis. "Caractérisation du propulseur PEGASES : diagnostics du filtre magnétique et du faisceau : optimisation de la géométrie." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2018/document.
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Le propulseur de PEGASES est un moteur ionique qui diffère des autres technologies. La particularité de ce propulseur est l’utilisation d’un gaz électronégatif, à savoir le SF₆. Un champ magnétique est utilisé pour piéger les électrons et augmenter la production des ions négatifs. Le plasma résiduel à faible densité d’électrons, dit plasma ion-ion, permet l’extraction et l’accélération des ions positifs et négatifs. Les ions recombinent par paire dans le faisceau et garantissent la neutralité dans le faisceau. L’extraction d’une quantité équivalente d’ions positifs et négatifs permet ainsi d’éviter l’emploi d’un neutraliseur. Afin d’étudier les propriétés du faisceau ionique, une sonde EXB est utilisée pour diagnostiquer les vitesses et les proportions des molécules formées puis accélérées. La sonde n’étant pas parfaite, une calibration permet de déterminer avec précision les différentes espèces présentes dans le plasma. La présence d’ions positifs et négatifs ont pu être démontré via des mesures par sonde EXB. La technique de photo-détachement par laser est employée afin d’étudier les ions de charge négative. Cette méthode permet d’obtenir la proportion d’ions négatifs par rapport aux électrons. L’électronégativité dans ce type de décharge est très importante. La technique a montré l’importance du filtre magnétique. Cependant, la configuration de celui-ci n’est pas optimale puisqu’une structure est créée par la dérive électronique. Un nouveau propulseur à géométrie circulaire a été conçu, construit et testé. Cette nouvelle architecture utilise une dérive électronique fermée circulaire grâce à des aimants permanents. Les expériences ont validé le concept et montre l’importance d’une géométrie en anneauThe PEGASES ion thruster differs from standard electric propulsion technologies through its use of electronegative gases, such as SF₆, as a propellant. Its operation relies on the trapping of electrons using a magnetic field and the creation of a plasma dominated by positive and negative ions. These ions are alternately accelerated to produce thrust, and later undergo a recombination to ensure beam neutrality. This thruster eliminates the need for an electron-producing neutralizer, which is a standard feature in other sources such as the Hall thruster. This thesis is divided into three parts. The first describes the development and implementation of a new EXB probe for the study of the ion beam properties, the identification of the beam chemical composition and the verification of the presence of negative and positive ion species. The second part concerns the design and application of a new laser photodetachment diagnostic for the measurement of the negative ion fraction. Lastly, a new ion-ion thruster with a circular geometry, known as AIPE, has been designed, constructed and successfully tested. This prototype eliminates the plasma asymmetry present in PEGASES and reveals the importance of the magnetic filter to source operation
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Kohanowich, Kurt M. "Logistics support for Commercial Items and Non-Developmental Items case study : the P-3C Anti-Surface Warfare Improvement Program (AIP)." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA356611.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1998."September 1998." Thesis advisor(s): David F. Matthews, Jane Feitler. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-70). Also available online.
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Moraes, Michelle Buscarilli de. "Análise do status somático dos genes MEN1, AIP e p27Kip1 em tumores de pacientes com neoplasia endócrina múltipla tipo 1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-11072012-112431/.
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Aproximadamente 80% dos casos com Neoplasia endócrina múltipla tipo 1 (NEM1) possuem mutações germinativas no gene supressor de tumor MEN1, que os predispõem a tumores nas glândulas paratireóides, pâncreas endócrino e hipófise, além de outros tumores não endócrinos. A tumorigênese dos mais de 20 diferentes tipos de neoplasias já descritas na NEM1 ocorre pela presença da mutação germinativa MEN1 associadas a um segundo evento mutacional nas células desses tecidos, levando à perda de heterozigose (LOH) do locus do gene MEN1 (11q13) e à inativação da proteína supressora de tumor codificada por esse gene, a proteína MENIN. Recentemente, mutações germinativas em outros genes foram descritas em casos com NEM1 sem mutações no gene MEN1. Esses novos genes (CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CDNK2B e CDKN2C) codificam proteínas envolvidas no controle do ciclo celular (p21, p27, p15 e p18), chamadas proteínas inibidoras de quinases dependentes de ciclinas. Outro gene, chamado AIP, que codifica uma proteína chaperona de mesmo nome, também foi recentemente descrito associado à NEM1. Esses trabalhos descreveram o papel desses novos genes na NEM1, em nível germinativo, entretanto não esclareceu se esses novos genes estão inativados nos tumores de pacientes com NEM1 com mutação MEN1. O presente estudo investigou, pela primeira vez, o status somático do gene p27Kip1 em pacientes com mutação MEN1 e identificou quatro possíveis perda de heterozigose (LOH) em tumores de paratireóides e pâncreas, sugerindo que além de 11q13LOH, os tumores NEM1 podem sofrer raras perdas adicionais do gene supressor tumoral p27Kip1. Essas são as primeiras evidências na literatura de um processo de tumorigênese multi-step na NEM1, envolvendo três eventos genéticos: 1- Mutação germinativa MEN1; 2- 11q13-LOH; 3- Perda somática do gene supressor de tumor p27Kip1/CDKN1BApproximately 80% of cases with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) harbor a germline mutation in the tumor suppressor gene MEN1, which predisposes these patients to tumors comprehending the parathyroid and pituitary glands, endocrine pancreas and others non-endocrine tumors. The tumorigenesis of the more than 20 different types of tumors already described in the MEN1 syndrome occurs due to a MEN1 germline mutation associated with a second mutational event in the cells of these tissues, leading to loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the MEN1 gene locus (11q13) and therefore inactivation of tumor suppressor protein encoded by this gene, MENIN protein. Recently, germline mutations in other genes have been described in cases with MEN1 without any detectable mutations in the MEN1 gene. These novel genes (CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CDNK2B and CDKN2C) encode proteins involved in the control of the cell cycle (p21, p27, p15 and p18), called cyclin dependent kinases inhibitors. Another gene, called AIP, which encodes a chaperon protein with the same name, was recently described associated with MEN1 phenotypes. These data described a role for these novel genes in the germline level, however whether they are inactivated in tumors of patients with MEN1 mutation is so far not clarified. The present study investigated for the first time, the somatic status of p27KIP1 gene mutation in patients with MEN1 and identified four possible loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in tumors of the parathyroid and pancreas, suggesting that in addition 11q13-LOH, MEN1 tumors may suffer rare loss additional tumor suppressor gene p27KIP1. These are the first evidence in the literature of a process of tumorigenesis in MEN1 multi-step, involving three genetic events: 1-MEN1germlinemutation; 2-11q13LOH; 3-Loss of somatic tumor suppressor gene p27Kip1/CDKN1B
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Caimari, Palou Francisca. "Pituitary disease in the context of unusual situations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669456.
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El síndrome de Cushing (SC) y los adenomas hipofisarios aislados familiares (FIPA, del inglés familial isolated pituitary adenomas), son enfermedades raras que afectan a menos de 1-9 casos/100.000 habitantes. El embarazo en mujeres que han sido diagnosticadas con SC es extremadamente infrecuente y, tanto su diagnóstico como el tratamiento, suponen un verdadero reto médico. La dificultad del diagnóstico recae principalmente en la similitud de los síntomas del SC y del embarazo y en la complejidad de la interpretación de las pruebas diagnósticas en este contexto. La etiología del SC en estas pacientes difiere de aquellos pacientes con SC en la población general, pues en el primer grupo el orígen suprarrenal es la causa más frecuente que se da en hasta el 60% de los casos. No existe un consenso en cuanto al tratamiento más efectivo para mejorar el pronóstico materno y fetal, ya que hasta el momento no existen estudios que comparen las diferentes modalidades de tratamiento del SC durante el embarazo.
Por otro lado, los tumores hipofisarios clínicamente relevantes, diagnosticados en la infancia, son también una condición médica infrecuente. Estos casos a menudo se dan junto con mutaciones germinales que predisponen al desarrollo de tumores hipofisarios, habitualmente en un marco familiar, como, por ejemplo, ocurre en los síndromes clásicos como la neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 1 o 4, así como FIPA, una condición heterogénea de pacientes que incluye a aquellos sin causa genética conocida, a pacientes con mutaciones en AIP y al acrogigantismo ligado al cromosoma X, todas ellas siendo una causa frecuente de gigantismo de origen hipofisario.
Esta tesis comprende dos estudios. El primero tiene el objetivo de investigar si la etiología del SC durante el embarazo constituye un impacto diferente en el pronóstico fetal y materno. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática de los casos publicados en la literatura entre enero de 1952 y abril de 2015, incluyendo las palabras “Cushing AND pregnancy”. Se incluyeron doscientos sesenta y tres embarazos de pacientes con SC activo durante el embarazo y pacientes con historia de SC curadas en el momento de la gestación. La causa principal de SC activo durante el embarazo fue el adenoma suprarrenal (44.1%). Aquellas mujeres con SC activo presentaron más complicaciones durante el embarazo en comparación con aquellas con SC curado, tales como diabetes gestacional, hipertensión y preeclampsia. El porcentaje de pérdida fetal fue mayor en aquellas pacientes con SC activo, en comparación con las curadas (23.7 vs 8.5%, p=0.021), así como la morbilidad global fetal (33.6 vs 4.9%, p<0.001). En comparación con otras causas de SC, las pacientes con diagnóstico de SC inducido por el embarazo presentaron más probemas durante la gestación y tuvieron peor pronóstico fetal. El diagnóstico de SC durante el embarazo también se asoció con mayor morbi-mortalidad fetal. Finalmente, tanto el tratamiento médico como el quirúrgico, demostraron ser efectivos frente a la mortalidad fetal.
El segundo estudio tiene como objetivo desarrollar y validar una escala de riesgo para detectar pacientes con tumores hipofisarios portadores de mutaciones en el gen AIP. Se incluyeron de forma consecutiva una cohorte internacional de 2227 sujetos entre el año 2007 y 2016, incluyendo pacientes con tumores hipofisarios (familiares y esporádicos) y sus familiares. 1405 pacientes tenían un tumor hipofisario, de los cuales un 43% con historia familiar, 55.5% eran somatotropinomas y 81.5% macroadenomas. Se detectaron mutaciones en AIP en 134 pacientes (9.5%). Se identificaron cuatro predictores independientes para la presencia de mutaciones en AIP, los cuales se utilizaron para el desarrollo de la escala de riesgo: la edad de aparición de síntomas, la historia familiar, los tumores hipofisarios secretores de hormona de crecimiento y la presencia de macroadenoma. Esta escala de riesgo clasifica a los pacientes en bajo riesgo (<5% riesgo de mutación en AIP), moderado- (5-19%) y alto riesgo (>20%). El estadístico ‘c’ obtenido (0.87) indica una excelente discriminación del modelo, el cual se evaluó mediante el método de validación interna, indicando la fiabilidad de la estimación del riesgo individual de portar una mutación en AIP.Cushing’s syndrome (CS) and familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA) are rare diseases, present in less than 1-9 cases/100.000 of the general population. Pregnancy in women with a diagnosis of CS is an extremely rare event and its diagnosis and treatment are a real medical challenge. The difficulties in diagnosis are related to the resemblance of symptoms of CS and those of pregnancy, and to the complex interpretation of the screening tests. Importantly, the etiology of CS in pregnancy differs from non-pregnant status as the adrenal origin is the most frequent in up to 60% of the cases. There is no consensus as to the most effective treatment in these circumstances in terms of improving maternal and fetal outcomes, as there are no studies comparing the different modalities of treatment for CS in pregnancy. On the other hand, clinically relevant pituitary tumors during childhood are also a rare medical condition. These cases can be related to germline mutations predisposing to pituitary tumorigenesis, often in a familial setting, including classical tumor predisposition syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or 4 syndromes, as well as FIPA, a heterogeneous condition of patients with unknown genetic cause, patients with mutation in AIP and X-linked acrogigantism, often leading to pituitary gigantism. This thesis is composed of two studies. The first study aimed to investigate whether the etiology of CS in pregnancy determined a different impact on the fetal/newborn and maternal outcomes. A systematic review of cases published in the literature was performed from January 1952 to April 2015 including the words “Cushing AND pregnancy”. Two-hundred and sixty-three pregnancies with active CS during pregnancy and with a history of CS, but treated and cured hypercortisolism at the time of gestation, were included in the study. Adrenal adenoma was the main cause of active CS during pregnancy (44.1%). Women with active CS had more pregnancy-related complications like gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, than those with cured disease. The proportion of fetal loss in active CS was higher than in cured CS (23.7 vs 8.5%, p=0.021), as well as global fetal morbidity (33.6 vs 4.9%, p<0.001). Patients with active CS, especially in pregnancy-induced CS, experienced more problems in pregnancy and had the worst fetal prognosis in comparison to other causes. Diagnosis of CS during pregnancy was also associated with worse overall fetal morbimortality. Finally, both medical treatment and surgery during pregnancy appeared to be protective in avoiding fetal loss. The second study aimed to develop and validate a reliable risk category system for AIP mutations in patients with pituitary adenomas (PA). An international cohort of 2227 subjects were consecutively recruited between 2007 and 2016, including patients with PAs (familial and sporadic) and their relatives. 1405 patients had a pituitary tumor, of which 43% had a positive family history, 55.5% had somatotropinomas and 81.5% presented with macroadenoma. Overall, 134 patients had an AIP mutation (9.5%). Four independent predictors for the presence of an AIP mutation were identified and used to develop the risk category system: age of onset, family history, growth hormone excess tumor type and large tumor size. The risk category system classified patients into low-risk (<5% risk of AIP mutation), moderate- (5-19%) and high-risk (>20% risk). Excellent discrimination (c-statistic=0.87) and internal validation were achieved, indicating it can reliably estimate the individual risk of carrying an AIP mutation for a given patient.
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Isulv, Alexandra, and Jonatan Lage. "Aeronautical Information - And the Process behind It." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-104022.
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In air traffic, safety is the key word. Safety is kept in numerous ways. One of these ways is with the help of Aeronautical Information (AI). AI is all information regarding air traffic, i.e. aerodrome hours of operation, weather reports and information about unserviceable navigational aids. Sometimes it happens that some of the information does not reach the pilots in the aircraft, which can have a negative impact on safety. This thesis examines the flow of AI all the way from the originator of the information to the end-user, and analyzes it to find where the errors occur. The thesis is based on the rules and regulations set by ICAO, the International Civil Aviation Organization, two field trips to the Swedish AI provider LFV, and interviews with four airlines, Novair, NextJet, Malmö Aviation, and SAS. The results exposes where in the flow the weakness exists, and finally gives advice as to how these weaknesses can be addressed.
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Alazmi, Huda Salem. "The Development of GIS Instructional Model to Facilitate Authentic Intellectual Work in Secondary Social Studies Classrooms in Kuwait." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97906.
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The adoption of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology in social studies classroom practices has helped accelerate the achievement of educational goals. However, despite the value that GIS possesses for supporting student learning skills, few schools have adopted it so far. A reason for this deficiency lies in the absence of specific instructional models that demonstrate possible methods for incorporating GIS into class curriculum. This study sought to address this problem, tailored specifically for Kuwaiti social studies classrooms, with the design, development, and validation of a GIS Instructional Model to facilitate AIW. The study employed a design and development research methodology, comprised of five major phases, (i) selection of model components and theoretical foundation, (ii) analysis and development, (iii) formative feedback, (iv) revision, and (v) usability evaluation. In phase one, the Inquiry Design Model (IDM) format and components with AIW framework were selected to provide basic guidelines for the GIS Instructional Model. In phase two, following a comprehensive review of relevant academic literature, and in combination with personal experience, the researcher developed a preliminary GIS Instructional Model. In phase three, two expert reviewers evaluated the model, delivering their opinions by completing an online survey and taking part in follow-up interviews. The expert reviewers were primarily tasked with determining the model's ability to facilitate AIW in a social studies classroom, and providing suggestions for improving its performance. In phase four, the details gleaned from this formative feedback phase were then used to revise the model and enhance its effectiveness. In the last phase, six Kuwaiti expert reviewers assessed this updated version of the GIS Instructional Model to determine what barriers it might face regarding its implementation in the Kuwaiti educational system. They completed an online survey as part of this process and provided possible solutions to address perceived barriers. The data gained from expert reviewer feedback in these formative and usability evaluation phases were analyzed using qualitative methodologies. This step-by-step procedure helped to validate the model. As a result, a ready-to-implement teaching model, with all necessary teaching materials and instructions, was developed for Kuwaiti social studies classrooms. This model is proposed to enable social studies teachers to better understand how to integrate GIS into their classrooms to support AIW. Recommendations are provided for Kuwaiti educational policymakers and stakeholders to help overcome perceived obstacles that may hinder model implementation; suggestions for future research are also included.Doctor of Philosophy
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are software-based technologies which simplify the gathering, storing and manipulation of spatially-related data in ways which allow users to visually represent complex geographic phenomena more easily, bringing greater understanding for the world around us. As a result, the integration of GIS technology into social studies classroom practices has assisted student learning and achievement. However, despite the value which GIS possesses, few schools have integrated this technology so far. A significant reason for this limitation is the lack of clear guidelines or models which demonstrate how to employ this technology in the classroom. To help address the problem, this study developed a GIS Instructional Model for Kuwaiti social studies teachers to facilitate student authentic intellectual work, i.e. the student's demonstration of their deeper understanding for the knowledge and skills they are learning. The study employed a design and developmental research methodology, comprised of five major phases, (i) selection of model components and theoretical foundation, (ii) analysis and development, (iii) formative feedback, (iv) revision, and (v) usability evaluation. Phase one involved the selection of the study's theoretical foundation. In phase two, following a comprehensive review of relevant academic literature and, in combination with personal experience, the researcher developed a preliminary GIS Instructional Model. Two expert reviewers evaluated the model in phase three, delivering their opinions by completing an online survey and taking part in follow-up interviews. This feedback was analyzed in phase four, leading to revisions in the GIS Instructional Model to improve its quality for supporting student learning. In the final phase, six Kuwaiti expert reviewers assessed the newly-updated model to determine what barriers it might face regarding its implementation in the Kuwaiti educational system. They completed an online survey as part of this process and provided possible solutions to address these perceived obstacles. This step-by-step procedure helped to validate the model. The overall result was the development of a ready-to-implement teaching model, with all necessary educational materials and instructions, for employing GIS technology in Kuwaiti social studies classrooms to support student authentic intellectual work. In addition, recommendations were provided for Kuwaiti educational policymakers and stakeholders to help overcome perceived obstacles that may hinder model implementation; suggestions for future research are also included.
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Sheng, Wei-An [Verfasser], Hansjörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Scherberger, Alexander [Gutachter] Gail, and Florentin [Gutachter] Wörgötter. "Representation of individual finger movements in macaque areas AIP, F5 and M1 / Wei-An Sheng ; Gutachter: Alexander Gail, Florentin Wörgötter ; Betreuer: Hansjörg Scherberger." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1186968273/34.
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Schaffelhofer, Stefan [Verfasser], Hansjörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Scherberger, and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Treue. "From vision to action: Hand representations in macaque grasping areas AIP, F5, and M1 / Stefan Schaffelhofer. Gutachter: Hansjörg Scherberger ; Stefan Treue. Betreuer: Hansjörg Scherberger." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/106440409X/34.
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Kalaki, Rafael Bordonal. "Implementação de planos estratégicos em associações de interesse privado do agronegócio: principais desafios e uma proposta de método." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-08022019-165302/.
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As associações de interesse privado (AIPs) são importantes agentes de ações coletivas e, no agronegócio, desempenham funções fundamentais para o bom funcionamento de um sistema agroindistrial. Com as mudanças ocorridas no ambiente competitivo, as AIPs também tiveram que se reestruturar. Compreender e antecipar a dinâmica do ambiente global do agronegócio será cada vez mais crítico para o sucesso de uma organização. Nesse sentido, o planejamento estratégico é uma ferramenta essencial para enfrentar as mudanças e aumentar as oportunidades. Tão importante quanto o exercício de pensar e planejar é colocar em prática o plano. A implementação bem-sucedida de um plano é fundamental. As organizações despendem recursos financeiros e tempo na construção de planos estratégicos que buscam ser eficazes e trazer retornos à organização; porém, nem sempre os retornos esperados são alcançados, sendo que os motivos do resultado negativo não esperado derivam, em boa parte, da descontinuidade dos planos ou da escolha errônea da estratégia de implementação. Na literatura são encontrados diversas ferramentas e métodos para a construção de planos estratégicos, contudo, no que tange ao processo de implementação e gestão do plano, pouco se encontra com profundidade, especialmente em relação à implementação em AIPs. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral que rege esta pesquisa é entender os principais desafios que as associações de interesse privado do agronegócio enfrentam para implementação de seus planos estratégicos e propor um método de implementação de plano estratégico para AIPs. Para chegar aos resultados pretendidos, fez-se uso da técnica de desk research, grounded theory e cinco estudos de caso com AIPs do agronegócio. Como resultado, esta tese trouxe um levantamento das principais dificuldades que as AIPs enfrentam na implementação de seu plano estratégico, bem como apresentou um levantamento de fatores de sucesso que podem ser adotadas pelas AIPs na implementação de planos estratégicos. A pesquisa traz, ainda, uma proposta de método de implementação de planos estratégicos para AIPs do agronegócio. O método proposto é um método teórico-empírico, podendo ter utilidade para a comunidade empresarial e acadêmica. A relevância deste estudo está na proposta inédita de discutir, no âmbito acadêmico, os problemas e fatores de sucesso enfrentados pelas AIPs do agronegócio na implementação de planos estratégicos, além de propor um método que visa auxiliar as AIPs neste processo. Além das contribuições acadêmicas, este estudo traz implicações gerenciais no que se refere à melhoria do sucesso da implementação de planos estratégicos em AIPs, buscando aumentar, assim, a sua competitividadePrivate interest associations (PIAs) have great importance as agents of collective actions, and in agribusiness they have fundamental functions for the proper functioning of an agribusiness chain. With the changes in the competitive environment, PIAs also had to restructure. Understanding and anticipating the dynamics of the global agribusiness environment will be increasingly critical to the success of an organization, in this sense, strategic planning is an essential tool to face change and increase opportunities. As important as exercise of thinking and planning, it is to execute the plan; therefore, the successful implementation of a plan is critical. Organizations spend financial resources and time to build a strategic plan that aims to be effective and get returns to the organization, but not always the expected returns are achieved, largely by the discontinuation of the plans or by the wrong choice of implementation strategy. In the literature are found several tools and methods for building strategic plans, however, regarding the implementation process and plan management, little is found with depth, especially in relation to implementation in PIAs. In this context, the general objective of this thesis is to raise the main problems faced by PIAs on implementation of strategic plans and propose a method for strategic plan implementing the in agribusiness PIAs. In order to reach the desired results, the desk research, grounded theory and five case studies with agribusiness PIAs that practice strategic planning were used. As a result, this thesis has presented a survey of the main points of difficulties and failure factors that a PIA may face in strategic plan implementation, as well as a survey of success factors that can be adopted by the PIAs in the strategic plans implementation. The research also was proposed a method for strategic plans implementing in agribusiness AIPs. The proposed is a theoretical-empirical method, wich may be useful fot he business and academic community. The relevance of this study is in the unprecedented proposal to discuss in the academic sphere, the problems and success factors faced by agribusiness PIAs in strategic plans implementation, besides proposing a method that aims to assist the PIAs in this process. In addition to the academic contributions, this study intends to have managerial implications for improving the success of the strategic plan implementation in agribusiness PIAs, seeking to increase their competitiveness
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村川, 正男. "寄生虫感染魚類に由来するアポトーシス誘導分子AIPの分子作用機構." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150894.
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Garcia, Érica Correia. "Efeito da cabergolina no adenoma hipofisário clinicamente não funcionante e correlação dos polimorfismos do gene do receptor do glicocorticoide e da proteína AIP nos corticotropinomas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/24884.
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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2017.Texto parcialmente liberado pelo autor. Conteúdo restrito: Capítulos 3. Tumor Hipofisário Secretor de ACTH e 4. Conclusão.
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A abordagem das doenças hipotálamo-hipofisárias representa um desafio na endocrinologia. Em geral, as doenças que envolvem a hipófise possuem elevada morbidade, taxas de mortalidade acima do observado na população geral e propedêutica diagnóstica e terapêutica complexas. Uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos na patogênese dessas condições certamente é um caminho para o desenvolvimento de alternativas terapêuticas nesse contexto. No presente estudo, investigamos a eficácia de uma modalidade de tratamento medicamentoso para o adenoma clinicamente não funcionante (ACNF), e analisamos aspectos genéticos em correlação com a tumorigênese e fenótipo, em pacientes portadores de corticotropinomas - doença de Cushing (DC). Na investigação do ACNF, avaliamos a eficácia da cabergolina (2mg/semana) no tratamento desses tumores em um acompanhamento de curto prazo (6 meses). Dezenove pacientes (10 homens e 9 mulheres) foram submetidos ao tratamento no Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB). Onze desses tinham realizado cirurgia transesfenoidal previamente e 8 deles não tinham sido submetidos a nenhum procedimento. Mais da metade (57,89%) dos pacientes tiveram progressão tumoral no último ano antes do início da cabergolina. Após o uso dessa medicação por 6 meses, apenas 21% apresentaram aumento do volume tumoral. Houve redução do volume inicial do tumor em 78,5% dos pacientes (redução significativa, acima de 25%, em 31,5% e redução de pelo menos 10% em 47% dos pacientes). O estudo da doença de Cushing incluiu 53 pacientes acompanhados no HUB, que foram investigados para 2 genes (do receptor de glicocorticoide - GR e da proteína de ligação ao receptor do hidrocarboneto de arila - AIP). Há evidências de que polimorfismos no gene GR levam à alteração do funcionamento normal do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal (HHA) e à vulnerabilidade para distúrbios psiquiátricos na população geral. Como a doença de Cushing é amplamente associada aos diversos transtornos psiquiátricos, e cursa essencialmente com hipersecreção crônica de glicocorticoides, uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos genéticos envolvidos na expressão fenotípica dessa doença pode contribuir, no futuro, para uma melhor condução desses pacientes. Foram investigados os polimorfismos rs6190 (R23K) e rs41423247 (BclI). O polimorfismo R53K do gene GR não foi encontrado entre os 53 pacientes, entretanto o polimorfismo BclI foi encontrado em alta frequência nessa amostra. O grupo com distúrbio psiquiátrico apresentou BclI em homozigose significativamente maior que o grupo controle (45% e 8%, respectivamente). Mutações no gene AIP, por sua vez, foram demonstradas como causadoras do adenoma hipofisário familiar isolado (FIPA), e têm sido descritas em pacientes com tumores hipofisários esporádicos, principalmente nos tumores secretores de hormônio do crescimento ou de prolactina. Na doença de Cushing, a prevalência de mutações nesse gene é baixa. Avaliamos o genótipo do AIP em pacientes portadores de corticotropinomas. Em consonância com os dados da literatura, nenhuma mutação foi encontrada na nossa amostra. Entretanto, o que despertou interesse foi a alta prevalência do polimorfismo localizado no exon 1 desse gene (rs139459091, variante proteica R9Q) e a presença da variante K201*. Futuras investigações incluindo um número maior de pacientes, bem como a realização de estudos funcionais, são necessárias para a compreensão da real importância desses achados. A investigação do uso cabergolina nos ACNF foi animadora (redução tumoral com essa medicação), bem como o estudo da correlação dos aspectos genéticos na expressão fenotípica dos adenomas hipofisários (o polimorfismo do gene GR, BclI em homozigose, foi estatisticamente mais significativo na DC). Já em relação à pesquisa sobre a tumorigênese na DC, mais estudos são necessários para estabelecer sua relação com o gene da proteína AIP.
The approach of hypothalamic-pituitary diseases represents a challenge in endocrinology. In general, pathologies involving the pituitary have high morbidity, mortality rates above what is observed in the general population, and complex diagnostic and therapeutic. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions is certainly a pathway for the development of therapeutic alternatives in this context. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of a drug treatment modality for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA), and analyzed genetic aspects in correlation with tumorigenesis and phenotype in patients with corticotropinomas - Cushing's disease (CD). In the investigation of the NFPA, we evaluated the efficacy of cabergoline (2mg / week) in the treatment of these tumors in a short-term follow-up (6 months). Nineteen patients (10 men and 9 women) underwent treatment at the Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB). Eleven of these had undergone transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) previously and 8 of them had undergone no procedure. 57.89% of the patients had tumor progression in the last year before the onset of cabergoline. After the use of this medication for 6 months, only 21% presented increased tumor volume. There was a reduction of the initial tumor volume in 78.5% of patients (significant reduction, above 25%, in 31.5% and reduction of at least 10% in 47% of patients). The Cushing's disease study included 53 patients matched in HUB and 2 genes were investigated (the glucocorticoid receptor gene - GR and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding protein gene - AIP). There is evidence that polymorphisms in the GR gene lead to vulnerability to psychiatric disorders in the general population. As Cushing's disease is extensively associated with various psychiatric disorders, and its signs and symptoms are a consequence of the chronic hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms involved in the phenotypic expression of this disease may contribute, in the future, to a better conduction of these patients. The polymorphisms rs6190 (R23K) and rs41423247 (BclI) were investigated. The R23K polymorphism of the GR gene was not found among the 53 patients, however the BclI polymorphism was found at high frequency in this sample. The group with psychiatric disorder presented BclI in homozygosis significantly higher than the control group (45% and 8%, respectively). Mutations in the AIP gene have been shown to cause familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA), and have been described in patients with sporadic pituitary tumors, especially in growth hormone or prolactin secreting tumors. In Cushing's disease, the prevalence of mutations in this gene is low. We evaluated the AIP genotype in patients with corticotropinomas. In agreement with the literature data, no mutation was found in our sample. However, what aroused interest was the high prevalence of the polymorphism located in exon 1 of this gene (rs139459091, variant protein R9Q) and the presence of the variant K201 *. Future investigations including a larger number of patients, as well as conducting functional studies, are necessary to understand the real importance of these findings. The investigation of cabergoline use in ACNF was encouraging (tumor reduction with this medication), as well as the study of genetic aspects in the phenotypic expression of pituitary adenomas (BclI homozygous polymorphism of the GR gene was statistically more significant in DC). Regarding the research on tumorigenesis in DC, more studies are needed to establish its relationship with the AIP protein gene.
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Veld, Rijk in 't [Verfasser], Hansjörg [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Scherberger, and Alexander [Gutachter] Gail. "Neural coding of grasp force planning and control in macaque areas AIP, F5, and M1 / Rijk in 't Veld ; Gutachter: Hansjörg Scherberger, Alexander Gail ; Betreuer: Hansjörg Scherberger." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1117219453/34.
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Ba, Awa. "Les Fonctions reconnues à l'agriculture intra et périurbaine (AIPU) dans le contexte dakarois ; caractérisation, analyse et diagnostic de durabilité de cette agriculture en vue de son intégration dans le projet urbain de Dakar (Sénégal)." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004646.
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A l'instar de ce qui est constaté dans d'autres pays du Sud, la population urbaine de Dakar croît rapidement, tant par le croît naturel que l'immigration. Cela pose, entre autres, les questions de l'approvisionnement alimentaire, notamment en produits frais et de la gestion durable des espaces ouverts : les Niayes et les zones agricoles en périphérie de Rufisque. Aussi, deux programmes sont en cours à Dakar : le PASDUNE et les Microjardins, réactualisent la nécessité d'examiner la place d'une agriculture durable dans le fonctionnement de cette région capitale. La problématique présente les concepts d'agriculture urbaine, multifonctionnalité de l'agriculture et ville durable ainsi que le contexte. La méthodologie repose sur des enquêtes auprès de six catégories d'acteurs (agriculteurs, commerçants et bana-banas, consommateurs, élus, planificateurs et aménageurs et agents du conseil et de l'encadrement technique agricoles) pour tester les trois hypothèses suivantes : différentes fonctions sont reconnues aux Niayes et à l'agriculture ; les fonctions économiques prédominent ; cette reconnaissance fonctionnelle est importante pour maintenir une agriculture in situ. Nos résultats montrent que : - même si toutes les catégories d'acteurs sont conscientes du rôle alimentaire de proximité que joue l'agriculture intra et périurbaine à Dakar, les acteurs de la filière agricole - agriculteurs, intermédiaires (commerçants et bana-banas) et consommateurs - plébiscitent les fonctions économiques alors que les décideurs - élus, planificateurs et aménageurs et agents du conseil et de l'encadrement technique agricoles - mettent en avant les fonctions environnementales et paysagères (poumon vert) ; - à partir de la typologie fine que nous avons construite, il existe une grande diversité des types de systèmes de production et d'activité dans les quatre zones clé (avec ou sans Niayes, dans ou hors du tissu urbain dense) d'agriculture que nous avons identifiées. De plus, la durabilité intrinsèque et exogène des exploitations, au sens de Godard et Hubert (2002), est variable selon les types de systèmes de production et d'activité et les zones ; - les intermédiaires et les consommateurs accordent beaucoup d'importance à la fraîcheur et au prix bon marché des produits de Niayes mais certains évoquent la limite de l'utilisation des pesticides et des eaux usées urbaines sur certains sites et considèrent les produits micro-jardins comme plus sains. Enfin, la discussion confronte nos résultats avec la bibliographie et relève les limites de notre étude tout en soulignant les perspectives scientifiques et opérationnelles qu'elle offre. Notre travail montre la grande diversification de l'agriculture dakaroise et la nécessité d'instaurer une médiation entre les catégories d'acteurs pour une agriculture durable, un cadre de vie meilleur et une ville durable.