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Academic literature on the topic 'AIPW'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "AIPW"

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Glynn, Adam N., and Kevin M. Quinn. "An Introduction to the Augmented Inverse Propensity Weighted Estimator." Political Analysis 18, no. 1 (2010): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpp036.

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In this paper, we discuss an estimator for average treatment effects (ATEs) known as the augmented inverse propensity weighted (AIPW) estimator. This estimator has attractive theoretical properties and only requires practitioners to do two things they are already comfortable with: (1) specify a binary regression model for the propensity score, and (2) specify a regression model for the outcome variable. Perhaps the most interesting property of this estimator is its so-called “double robustness.” Put simply, the estimator remains consistent for the ATE if either the propensity score model or the outcome regression is misspecified but the other is properly specified. After explaining the AIPW estimator, we conduct a Monte Carlo experiment that compares the finite sample performance of the AIPW estimator to three common competitors: a regression estimator, an inverse propensity weighted (IPW) estimator, and a propensity score matching estimator. The Monte Carlo results show that the AIPW estimator has comparable or lower mean square error than the competing estimators when the propensity score and outcome models are both properly specified and, when one of the models is misspecified, the AIPW estimator is superior.
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Rostami, Mehdi, and Olli Saarela. "Normalized Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting with Neural Network Predictions." Entropy 24, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24020179.

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The estimation of average treatment effect (ATE) as a causal parameter is carried out in two steps, where in the first step, the treatment and outcome are modeled to incorporate the potential confounders, and in the second step, the predictions are inserted into the ATE estimators such as the augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW) estimator. Due to the concerns regarding the non-linear or unknown relationships between confounders and the treatment and outcome, there has been interest in applying non-parametric methods such as machine learning (ML) algorithms instead. Some of the literature proposes to use two separate neural networks (NNs) where there is no regularization on the network’s parameters except the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in the NN’s optimization. Our simulations indicate that the AIPW estimator suffers extensively if no regularization is utilized. We propose the normalization of AIPW (referred to as nAIPW) which can be helpful in some scenarios. nAIPW, provably, has the same properties as AIPW, that is, the double-robustness and orthogonality properties. Further, if the first-step algorithms converge fast enough, under regulatory conditions, nAIPW will be asymptotically normal. We also compare the performance of AIPW and nAIPW in terms of the bias and variance when small to moderate L1 regularization is imposed on the NNs.
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Rostami, Mehdi, and Olli Saarela. "Targeted L1-Regularization and Joint Modeling of Neural Networks for Causal Inference." Entropy 24, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24091290.

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The calculation of the Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting (AIPW) estimator of the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) is carried out in two steps, where in the first step, the treatment and outcome are modeled, and in the second step, the predictions are inserted into the AIPW estimator. The model misspecification in the first step has led researchers to utilize Machine Learning algorithms instead of parametric algorithms. However, the existence of strong confounders and/or Instrumental Variables (IVs) can lead the complex ML algorithms to provide perfect predictions for the treatment model which can violate the positivity assumption and elevate the variance of AIPW estimators. Thus the complexity of ML algorithms must be controlled to avoid perfect predictions for the treatment model while still learning the relationship between the confounders and the treatment and outcome. We use two NN architectures with an L1-regularization on specific NN parameters and investigate how their certain hyperparameters should be tuned in the presence of confounders and IVs to achieve a low bias-variance tradeoff for ATE estimators such as AIPW estimator. Through simulation results, we will provide recommendations as to how NNs can be employed for ATE estimation.
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Sun, Hao, Ashkan Ertefaie, Xin Lu, and Brent A. Johnson. "Improved Doubly Robust Estimation in Marginal Mean Models for Dynamic Regimes." Journal of Causal Inference 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 300–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jci-2020-0015.

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Abstract Doubly robust (DR) estimators are an important class of statistics derived from a theory of semiparametric efficiency. They have become a popular tool in causal inference, including applications to dynamic treatment regimes. The doubly robust estimators for the mean response to a dynamic treatment regime may be conceived through the augmented inverse probability weighted (AIPW) estimating function, defined as the sum of the inverse probability weighted (IPW) estimating function and an augmentation term. The IPW estimating function of the causal estimand via marginal structural model is defined as the complete-case score function for those subjects whose treatment sequence is consistent with the dynamic regime in question divided by the probability of observing the treatment sequence given the subject's treatment and covariate histories. The augmentation term is derived by projecting the IPW estimating function onto the nuisance tangent space and has mean-zero under the truth. The IPW estimator of the causal estimand is consistent if (i) the treatment assignment mechanism is correctly modeled and the AIPW estimator is consistent if either (i) is true or (ii) nested functions of intermediate and final outcomes are correctly modeled. Hence, the AIPW estimator is doubly robust and, moreover, the AIPW is semiparametric efficient if both (i) and (ii) are true simultaneously. Unfortunately, DR estimators can be inferior when either (i) or (ii) is true and the other false. In this case, the misspecified parts of the model can have a detrimental effect on the variance of the DR estimator. We propose an improved DR estimator of causal estimand in dynamic treatment regimes through a technique originally developed by [4] which aims to mitigate the ill-effects of model misspecification through a constrained optimization. In addition to solving a doubly robust system of equations, the improved DR estimator simultaneously minimizes the asymptotic variance of the estimator under a correctly specified treatment assignment mechanism but misspecification of intermediate and final outcome models. We illustrate the desirable operating characteristics of the estimator through Monte Carlo studies and apply the methods to data from a randomized study of integrilin therapy for patients undergoing coronary stent implantation. The methods proposed here are new and may be used to further improve personalized medicine, in general.
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Buechter, Matthias, Paul Manka, Falko Markus Heinemann, Monika Lindemann, Benjamin Juntermanns, Ali Canbay, Guido Gerken, and Alisan Kahraman. "Outcome and Genetic Factors in IgG4-Associated Autoimmune Pancreatitis and Cholangitis: A Single Center Experience." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6126707.

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Introduction. Most investigations on autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) were published on Asian cohorts while those on Caucasians are limited. However, there might be differences related to the origin.Patients and Methods. We analyzed 36 patients and compared type 1 (AIP1) with type 2 (AIP2).Results. The majority of patients suffered from AIP1 (55.6%). AIP1 patients were significantly older than AIP2 patients (54.4 versus 40.8 years). Moreover, 85.0% of AIP1 patients had concurrent autoimmune cholangitis (AIC) while 18.8% of AIP2 patients suffered from overlap to ulcerative colitis (UC). However, AIP1 patients revealed a cholestatic course and had significantly higher immunoglobulin G4 levels (IgG4). When compared to allele frequencies in healthy controls, in patients with AIP1 HLA-B8 reached statistical significance. Response to steroids was excellent in both groups, but we noticed high rates of relapse especially in AIP1 patients. Finally, 3 patients with AIP1 were diagnosed with cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC).Conclusion. In contrast to Asian studies, we found an almost equal distribution of AIP1 and AIP2 patients in our German cohort. AIP2 patients were younger and mostly of female gender whereas AIP1 patients revealed higher IgG4 levels and involvement of the biliary tract in sense of IgG4-associated cholangitis.
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Howell, Stacey, Timothy M. Stivland, Kenneth Stein, Kenneth Ellenbogen, and Larisa G. Tereshchenko. "Response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy in men and women: a secondary analysis of the SMART-AV randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 11, no. 10 (October 2021): e049017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049017.

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ObjectivesThere is a controversy about whether both sexes’ response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is similar. We aimed to assess a causal effect of sex on CRT response.DesignSecondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) data. Doubly robust augmented-inverse-probability-weighted (AIPW) estimation of sex effect on CRT response.SettingThe SmartDelay Determined Atrioventricular (AV) Optimisation (SMART-AV) RCT.ParticipantsThe SMART-AV RCT enrolled New York Heart Association class III-IV patients with heart failure (HF) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35% despite optimal medical therapy and QRS duration ≥120 ms, in sinus rhythm. After exclusion of those with missing outcome or covariates, 741 participants (age 66±11 years; 33% female; 78% white; LVEF 28%±9%; 58% ischaemic cardiomyopathy; 75% left bundle branch block; left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) 65±30 mL/m2) were included.InterventionsImplanted CRT defibrillator with randomly assigned AV delay as either (1) fixed at 120 ms, or (2) echocardiography-determined, or (3) SmartDelay algorithm-programmed.OutcomeA composite of freedom from death and HF hospitalisation and a >15% reduction in LVESVI at 6 month post-CRT was the endpoint.ResultsThe primary endpoint was met by 337 patients (45.5%); 134 were women (55.6% response) and 203 were men (40.6% response); p<0.0001. After conditioning for 33 covariates that included baseline demographic, clinical, ECG, echocardiographic and biomarker characteristics, known predictors of CRT response, logistic regression showed a higher probability for composite CRT response for women versus men (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.98; p<0.0001), whereas AIPW estimation showed no difference in CRT response (average treatment effect 0.88; 95% CI 0.41 to 1.89; p=0.739). After removing colliders from the model, both logistic regression (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.44) and AIPW (ATE 1.06; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.16) reported similar results.ConclusionsBoth sexes’ response to CRT is similar. Sex differences in HF substrate, treatment and comorbidities explain sex disparities in CRT outcomes.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Identifier; NCT00677014.
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Hsu, Chiu-Hsieh, and Mandi Yu. "Cox regression analysis with missing covariates via nonparametric multiple imputation." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 28, no. 6 (May 2, 2018): 1676–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280218772592.

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We consider the situation of estimating Cox regression in which some covariates are subject to missing, and there exists additional information (including observed event time, censoring indicator and fully observed covariates) which may be predictive of the missing covariates. We propose to use two working regression models: one for predicting the missing covariates and the other for predicting the missing probabilities. For each missing covariate observation, these two working models are used to define a nearest neighbor imputing set. This set is then used to non-parametrically impute covariate values for the missing observation. Upon the completion of imputation, Cox regression is performed on the multiply imputed datasets to estimate the regression coefficients. In a simulation study, we compare the nonparametric multiple imputation approach with the augmented inverse probability weighted (AIPW) method, which directly incorporates the two working models into estimation of Cox regression, and the predictive mean matching imputation (PMM) method. We show that all approaches can reduce bias due to non-ignorable missing mechanism. The proposed nonparametric imputation method is robust to mis-specification of either one of the two working models and robust to mis-specification of the link function of the two working models. In contrast, the PMM method is sensitive to misspecification of the covariates included in imputation. The AIPW method is sensitive to the selection probability. We apply the approaches to a breast cancer dataset from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program.
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Emelonye, Abigail U., Taina Pitkäaho, and Katri Vehviläinen-Julkunen. "Spousal Presence as a Nonpharmacological Pain Management during Childbirth: A Pilot Study." Nursing Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/932763.

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Background. Measures of spousal effect during parturient pain should take a tripartite approach involving the parturients, spouses, and midwives.Aim. To develop and validate three questionnaires measuring spousal presence in management of parturient pain in Nigeria.Methods. There are two phases: (1) development of questionnaires, Abuja Instrument for Midwives (AIM), Abuja Instrument for Parturient Pain (AIPP), and Abuja Instrument for Parturient Spouses (AIPS), utilizing literatures, Kuopio instrument for fathers (KIF) and expertise of health professionals, and (2) pilot study to validate the questionnaires which were administered in two hospitals in Nigeria: midwives(n=10), parturients(n=10), and spouses(n=10). Results. Internal consistency for the three questionnaires indicated Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.789 (AIM), 0.802 (AIPP), and 0.860 (AIPS), while test-retest reliability wasr=0.99(AIM),r=0.99(AIPP), andr=0.90(AIPS).Conclusions. AIM, AIPP, and AIPS provide a means of investigating the effectiveness of spousal presence in management of parturient pain in Nigeria. However, further testing of each instrument is needed in a larger population to replicate the beneficial findings of AIMS, AIPP, and AIPS which can contribute rigor to future studies.
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Ono, Shoichiro, Kazumi Nomura, Sadae Hitosugi, Domena K. Tu, Jocelyn A. Lee, David L. Baillie, and Kanako Ono. "The two actin-interacting protein 1 genes have overlapping and essential function for embryonic development in Caenorhabditis elegans." Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, no. 13 (July 2011): 2258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-12-0934.

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Disassembly of actin filaments by actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin and actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1) is a conserved mechanism to promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. We previously reported that unc-78, an AIP1 gene in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, is required for organized assembly of sarcomeric actin filaments in the body wall muscle. unc-78 functions in larval and adult muscle, and an unc-78–null mutant is homozygous viable and shows only weak phenotypes in embryos. Here we report that a second AIP1 gene, aipl-1 (AIP1-like gene-1), has overlapping function with unc-78, and that depletion of the two AIP1 isoforms causes embryonic lethality. A single aipl-1–null mutation did not cause a detectable phenotype. However, depletion of both unc-78 and aipl-1 arrested development at late embryonic stages due to severe disorganization of sarcomeric actin filaments in body wall muscle. In vitro, both AIPL-1 and UNC-78 preferentially cooperated with UNC-60B, a muscle-specific ADF/cofilin isoform, in actin filament disassembly but not with UNC-60A, a nonmuscle ADF/cofilin. AIPL-1 is expressed in embryonic muscle, and forced expression of AIPL-1 in adult muscle compensated for the function of UNC-78. Thus our results suggest that enhancement of actin filament disassembly by ADF/cofilin and AIP1 proteins is critical for embryogenesis.
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Bannor, Richard Kwasi, Helena Oppong-Kyeremeh, Bismark Amfo, Lesley Hope, and Samuel Kwabena Chaa Kyire. "The Nexus Between Cocoa Farmers’ Business Schools Participation and Impact to Support Livelihood Improvement Strategies in Ghana." SAGE Open 12, no. 2 (April 2022): 215824402211081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221108170.

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The authors examined cocoa farmers’ participation in Farmer Business Schools (FBS) in Ghana, impacts of livelihood outcomes (human, physical, financial, and social capitals) on participation, and implications of participation on productivity and per capita expenditure. We used cross-sectional data from 150 cocoa farmers. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, heteroskedastic probit, and doubly robust augmented inverse probability weighted regression adjustment model (AIPW). More than half of cocoa farmers participated in FBS. Financial capital (income and loan accessibility) and social capital (farmer group membership) positively influenced participation in FBS. Nevertheless, human capital (ability to pay medical bills) and physical capital (number of sleeping rooms) negatively influenced participation in FBS. Knowledge and skills cocoa farmers obtained from FBS are new farming methods, creativity in solving farming problems, record keeping, and managerial skills. Participation in FBS had a positive impact and a heterogeneous effect on cocoa farmers’ productivity and per capita expenditure. Given that the impact of FBS was heterogeneous, the FBS curriculum and approach should be segmented for different types of farmers to the generic FBS approaches currently practiced.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AIPW"

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Costello, Robert. "Adaptive intelligent personalised learning (AIPL) environment." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6251.

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As individuals the ideal learning scenario would be a learning environment tailored just for how we like to learn, personalised to our requirements. This has previously been almost inconceivable given the complexities of learning, the constraints within the environments in which we teach, and the need for global repositories of knowledge to facilitate this process. Whilst it is still not necessarily achievable in its full sense this research project represents a path towards this ideal. In this thesis, findings from research into the development of a model (the Adaptive Intelligent Personalised Learning (AIPL)), the creation of a prototype implementation of a system designed around this model (the AIPL environment) and the construction of a suite of intelligent algorithms (Personalised Adaptive Filtering System (PAFS)) for personalised learning are presented and evaluated. A mixed methods approach is used in the evaluation of the AIPL environment. The AIPL model is built on the premise of an ideal system being one which does not just consider the individual but also considers groupings of likeminded individuals and their power to influence learner choice. The results show that: (1) There is a positive correlation for using group-learning-paradigms. (2) Using personalisation as a learning aid can help to facilitate individual learning and encourage learning on-line. (3) Using learning styles as a way of identifying and categorising the individuals can improve their on-line learning experience. (4) Using Adaptive Information Retrieval techniques linked to group-learning-paradigms can reduce and improve the problem of mis-matching. A number of approaches for further work to extend and expand upon the work presented are highlighted at the end of the Thesis.
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Liang, Zhao. "Sistema multimídia para grafos de decisão no AIPC." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 1996. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1619.

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O sistema CONDOR é uma ferramenta integral de desenvolvimento e consulta de sistemas especialistas. Em um sistema especialista desenvolvido no CONDOR, o conhecimento é representado por um novo esquema de representação chamado Grafo de Decisão, constituído por Ênuplas em uma linguagem denominada RGD, i.e. Representação de Grafos de Decisão. Este trabalho desenvolve uma nova versão do sistema CONDOR. No CONDOR 2.0, as funções básicas e o esquema de representação do conhecimento do CONDOR 1.0 são mantidos. Foram melhorados e estendidos os seguintes: 1) a estrutura de programação do CONDOR 2.0 é a de Orientação a Objetos, 2) desenvolvimento na plataforma Microsoft Windows, 3) expansão do conceito de base de conhecimento em três layers que contém um conjunto de arquivos e aplicações em fontes variadas, 4) inclusão da função multimídia, 5) inclusão da função de associação com outras aplicações externas, 6) extensão da linguagem RGD, 7) desenvolvimento de um novo editor de texto.
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Superti, Guilherme Bicaleto. "Nanocompósitos polímero-aluminofosfatos (silicatos) lamelares = preparação, caracterização e propriedades." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250418.

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Orientadores: Heloise de Oliveira Pastore, Leonardo Marchese
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T13:00:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Superti_GuilhermeBicaleto_D.pdf: 4945691 bytes, checksum: 95096830b37dc8f5ad0537d64a2481e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Este trabalho descreve a síntese de dois materiais lamelares, um silicato, a magadiita, e um aluminofosfato, a AlPO-kanemita. No primeiro caso foi feita a substituição isomórfica com alumínio e no segundo com ferro ou vanádio e também se variou os tipos de alquilaminas no espaço interlamelar, alternandose cadeias longas e curtas. A magadiita foi convertida em sua forma ácida por dois métodos diferentes: um pela troca iônica com NH4+ e outro pela troca iônica com HCl. Estudos de DRX em temperaturas crescentes demonstraram que a estabilidade térmica da magadiita não se altera após a introdução de alumínio. A acidez dos materiais foi avaliada pelo monitoramento por FTIR do CO adsorvido e verificou-se que a introdução de alumínio produz sítios de alta acidez, comparável aos zeólitos. A comparação dos dois materiais ácidos diferentes indicou que os sítios produzidos por desamoniação são mais acessíveis ao CO do que os produzidos pela troca com HCl. A AlPO-kanemita foi utilizada na preparação de compósitos poliméricos por dois métodos diferentes, por mistura no estado fundido e polimerização in situ. No primeiro caso os polímeros usados, PP e EVA, não conseguem acessar o espaço interlamelar, enquanto que no segundo caso o PS e a PA6 tem acesso, mas este depende das aminas presentes no espaço interlamelar. As massas moleculares do PS não são afetadas pela presença da AlPO-kan, mas as da PA6 são drasticamente reduzidas. A introdução dos metais de transição tem efeito na decomposição térmica dos polímeros, produzindo uma maior quantidade de um material carbonáceo quando comparada aos análogos sem metal, o que diminui a inflamabilidade do material.
Abstract: This work describes the synthesis of two layered materials, magadiite and AlPOkanemite. The first is a silicate analogous to the natural hydrated layered silicate where isomorphous substitution with aluminum was performed. AlPO-kanemite is an aluminophosphate with the same structure as the hydrated layered silicate kanemite, from the same family as magadiita. It also passed by isomorphous substitution and was also synthesized with different alkylamines at its interlayer space, alternating short and long chains. Magadiite was converted in its acid form by two different methods: ion exchange with NH4+ and themolysis or by ion exchange with HCl. The diffractograms collected in crescent temperatures show that thermal stability of magadiite does not change after introduction of aluminum. The acidity of materials was measured by monitoring the CO adsorption with FTIR and the results shows that the acidity is high, comparable to zeolites. The comparison between the two different acid materials shows that the one produced by desamoniation has acid sites more accessible to probe molecules in respect to the one produced by exchange with HCl. AlPO-kanemite was used to produce polymeric composites by two methods: melt intercalation and in situ polymerization. In the first case the polymers (PP and EVA) were not able to access the interlayer space while at the second one the PS and PA6 were found in theinterlayer space, but their concentration depends on the quantities of the amines present at the material. The molecular mass of PS was not altered by the presence of the AlPO-kan but the PA6 is drastically reduced. The introduction of the metals has effect at thermal decomposition of the polymers, producing a larger quantity of a carbonaceous material when compared to its analogous, but without metals, that diminishes the flammability of the polymer.
Doutorado
Quimica Inorganica
Doutor em Ciências
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Chovítek, Jakub. "Analýza procesů ve společnosti AiP Safe s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85165.

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The subject of the thesis is an process analysis in the company AiP Safe, Ltd. First, theoretical approaches and methods for organization and business process analysis are summarized. The best known modeling notations are also described. For the analysis of AiP Safe, Ltd. was chosen BSP method and for process modeling was chosen BPMN notation. The result of the work is a suggestion to establish strategic goals and strategies to achieve them, change in the organizational structure, optimization of selected processes, introduction of new metrics, introduction of new information system and recommendations based on the SWOT analysis.
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Bentama, Jilali. "Cristallogénèse et propriétés de la berlinite (AIPO) élaborée en milieu chlorhydrique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602899z.

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Ouammou, Mohamed. "Synthèse hydrothermale de AIPO en milieux acides mixtes HCl-HSO-HPO /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376170368.

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Toledo, Rodrigo de Almeida. "Análise do gene AIP na acromegalia familial isolada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-25052010-174002/.

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A acromegalia é doença insidiosa e desfigurante caracterizada por um crescimento desproporcional dos ossos das mãos, pés e do crânio devido à exposição crônica a altos níveis de hormônio de crescimento (GH) e de seu efetor insuline growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Trata-se de uma doença rara, com incidência estimada de 3-4 casos por milhão, com prevalência de aproximadamente 50 casos por milhão de pessoas. A principal causa da acromegalia é a presença de um tumor hipofisário secretor de GH (somatotropinoma). Caso o somatotropinoma ocorra durante a infância ou adolescência, antes do fechamento das epífises dos ossos longos, a criança crescerá longitudinalmente de forma descontrolada, caracterizando a forma clínica gigantismo. Na grande maioria dos casos a acromegalia se apresenta na forma esporádica, entretanto casos familiais da doença podem ocorrer associados à Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla tipo 1 (NEM-1), ao complexo de Carney (CNC) e à acromegalia familial isolada (IFS). Os genes responsáveis pela NEM-1 (MEN1) e CNC (PRKAR1A) foram clonados há mais 10 anos, entretanto etiologia molecular da IFS permaneceu desconhecida até recentemente. Vierimaa et al. (2006) combinaram estudos de ligação por análise de polimorfismos e estudos de expressão gênica e identificaram mutações no gene AIP em famílias com acromegalia não-NEM-1 e não-CNC; além de perda de heterozigose (LOH) nos somatotropinomas dos pacientes com mutação AIP. No presente estudo, investigamos o gene AIP em três famílias brasileiras com IFS e em seus tumores (hipofisários e não-hipofisários). Descrevemos uma nova mutação AIP (Y268X) em uma família brasileira com IFS, confirmando o papel desse novo gene na predisposição a tumores hipofisários. A partir de dados gerados em uma extensa revisão da literatura, sugerimos que os tumores hipofisários familiais isolados são doenças multigênicas que possuiriam um gene principal, mas que sofreriam influência de outros genes/loci ainda pouco caracterizados. Assim, investigamos também o envolvimento de diversos genes/loci candidatos (SSTR2, SSTR5, CDKN1B, AHR, PRKAR1A, PTTG, PROP1, MEG3, RB1 e 2p16) como possíveis moduladores do fenótipo na IFS. Nossos dados sugerem que além da mutação AIP, há necessidade da co-segregação de marcadores localizados em regiões com potencial oncogênico para o desenvolvimento da doença hipofisária. Também apresentamos nesta Tese as primeiras análises de tumores nãohipofisários em pacientes com mutação AIP e encontramos evidências do possível envolvimento de AIP na tumorigênese de um carcinoma funcionante do córtex adrenal de paciente com IFS.
Acromegaly is a rare disfigurating and insidious disease characterized by enlargement of hands, feet and skull bones due to excess of growth hormone (GH) secreted by a pituitary tumor (somatotropinoma). The majority of the cases with acromegaly is sporadic, however it may occur in association with inherited disorders as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), Carney complex (CNC) and Isolated Familial Somatotropinoma (IFS). The genes associated with MEN1 syndrome (MEN1) and CNC (PRKAR1A) have been described more than a decade ago, however until very recently the molecular etiology of IFS remained unknown. Using a combined strategy of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis and gene expression analysis, Vierimaa et al. (2006) described mutations in the AIP gene occurring in families with acromegaly not associated with MEN1 and CNC. In the current study, we investigated three Brazilian families with IFS and were able to describe two germline mutations in the AIP gene, confirming the role of this new gene in the predisposition to familial somatotropinoma. We revised the literature of genetic studies of isolated pituitary adenoma syndromes, which indicated a genetic heterogeneity as well as possible multigenic inheritance for these diseases. Thus, we investigated the role of several genes/loci (SSTR2, SSTR5, CDKN1B, AHR, PRKAR1A, PTTG, PROP1, MEG3, RB1 and 2p16) selected as potentially acting as phenotypic modulators in IFS. Our data indicate that AIP-mutated patients are prone to pituitary disease, however it is necessary the co-segregation of markers located at oncogenic regions to the development of the pituitary tumors and manifestation of the disease. Herein, we also present the first somatic analysis of non-pituitary tumors of AIP-mutated patients. A potential role of AIP, which is implicated in the cAMP pathway, could not be excluded in the development of an adrenocortical carcinoma.
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Martins, Gesley Alex Veloso 1980. "Transformações na interface : SAPO-44." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250397.

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Orientador: Heloise de Oliveira Pastore
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Quimica Inorganica
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Geiger, Michael [Verfasser]. "Mutational analysis of the P. falciparum ARO protein, functional analysis of its predicted binding partner AIP and identification of AIP interacting proteins / Michael Geiger." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1227582420/34.

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Leontiou, Chrysanthia. "Pituitary tumorigenesis : studies on the role of AIP and AMPK." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515252.

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Books on the topic "AIPW"

1

Aipe y su historia. Neiva, Colombia: ROA Impresores, 1998.

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Board, AIP Publication, ed. AIP style manual. 4th ed. New York, N.Y: American Institute of Physics, 1990.

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American Institute of Professional Geologists. A history of AIPG, 1963-2003. Westminster, Colo: American Institute of Professional Geologists, 2004.

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1922-, Cohen E. Richard, Lide David R. 1928-, and Trigg George L, eds. AIP physics desk reference. 3rd ed. New York: Springer, 2003.

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Cohen, E. Richard, David R. Lide, and George L. Trigg, eds. AIP Physics Desk Reference. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3805-6.

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Nainggolan, Poltak Partogi. ASEAN dan AIPO dalam kawasan yang berubah. Jakarta: Pusat Pengkajian dan Pelayanan Informasi, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Republik Indonesia, 1997.

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Assembly, ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly General. Dai 28-kai ASEAN Giin Kaigi (AIPA) Sōkai gaiyō =: The 28th ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly (AIPA) General Assembly. [Tokyo]: Sangiin Jimukyoku, 2007.

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Segall, Zary Z. Validation environment for AIPS/ALS: Implementation and results. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Gsellhofer, Brigitte. Ein AIDS-Präventionsprogramm für Drogenabhängige: Empirische Ergebnisse zum AIPP. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1995.

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Aipe, capital petrolera surcolombiana: Un acercamiento a su historia. [Neiva, Huila, Colombia]: E.J. Producciones, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "AIPW"

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Noordam, J. E. "The AIPS++ Project." In Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 533–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0794-5_59.

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Kohut, A., L. Sieburg, S. Vasylyev, O. Kudina, I. Hevus, S. Stafslien, J. Daniels, V. Kislenko, and A. Voronov. "Amphiphilic Invertible Polymers (AIPs)." In ACS Symposium Series, 205–24. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2011-1070.ch013.

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Adachi, Sadao. "Aluminum Phosphide (AIP)." In Optical Constants of Crystalline and Amorphous Semiconductors, 152–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5247-5_16.

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Binder, Gerhard. "AiP im Rettungsdienst." In Rechtsbegriffe in der Notfallmedizin, 3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52350-2_3.

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Casillas, Javier, Alexander Quiroz, Beatrice L. Madrazo, Monica T. Garcia-Buitrago, and Joe U. Levi. "Autoimmune Pancreatitis (AIP)." In Multidisciplinary Teaching Atlas of the Pancreas, 863–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46745-9_17.

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Song, Tae Jun, and Myung-Hwan Kim. "Type 2 AIP." In Autoimmune Pancreatitis, 37–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55086-7_6.

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Ancona, Davide, Angelo Ferrando, Luca Franceschini, and Viviana Mascardi. "Managing Bad AIPs with RIVERtools." In Advances in Practical Applications of Agents, Multi-Agent Systems, and Complexity: The PAAMS Collection, 296–300. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94580-4_24.

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Roth, Martin M. "The Aip Photometric Testbench." In Optical Detectors for Astronomy, 153–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5262-4_25.

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Cohen, E. Richard. "Symbols, Units, and Nomenclature." In AIP Physics Desk Reference, 1–21. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3805-6_1.

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Webster, Ferris. "Earth, Ocean, and Atmosphere Physics." In AIP Physics Desk Reference, 349–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3805-6_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "AIPW"

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"AIPR Executive Committee." In 33rd Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR'04). IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aipr.2004.11.

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Brockett, Walter, and Angelo Koschier. "LV100 AIPS Technology—For Future Army Propulsion." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-391.

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The overall design of and Advanced Integrated Propulsion System (AIPS), powered by an LV100 gas turbine engine, is presented along with major test accomplishments. AIPS was a demonstrator program that included design, fabrication, and test of an advanced rear drive powerpack for application in a future heavy armored vehicle (54.4 tonnes gross weight). The AIPS design achieved significant improvements in volume, performance, fuel consumption, reliability/durability, weight and signature reduction. Major components of AIPS included the recuperated LV100 turbine engine, a hydrokinetic transmission, final drives, self-cleaning air filtration (SCAF), cooling system, signature reduction systems, electrical and hydraulic components, and control systems with diagnostics/prognostics and maintainability features.
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He, Yuanfeng, Qijun Wang, Xinge You, and Duanquan Xu. "Adaptive intra prediction filtering (AIPF)." In 2014 International Conference on Security, Pattern Analysis, and Cybernetics (SPAC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spac.2014.6982715.

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"AIPR 2011: Imaging for decision making." In 2011 IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop: Imaging for Decision Making (AIPR 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aipr.2011.6176380.

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Andersen, David G., Hari Balakrishnan, Nick Feamster, Teemu Koponen, Daekyeong Moon, and Scott Shenker. "Accountable internet protocol (aip)." In the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1402958.1402997.

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"AIPR 2009: Vision: Humans, animals, and machines." In 2009 IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aipr.2009.5466373.

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Golap, K., A. Kemball, T. Cornwell, and W. Young. "SParallelization of wide-field imaging in AIPS++." In Integrated Computational Imaging Systems. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/icis.2001.ithb3.

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Breedlove, Tyson, and Joseph Rousseau. "Novel Concept Approval and Technology Qualification of Systems and Vessels for Deep Sea Extraction of Polymetallic Nodules." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32010-ms.

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Abstract Objectives/Scope Subsea mining is a sector with massive growth potential, yet some of the supporting technology is still under development. The offshore industry is exploring innovative solutions to meet the functional, performance, safety, and environmental requirements to extract subsea minerals responsibly. Many of these proposed technologies and concepts are not covered by existing rules, regulations & procedures as they have outpaced development of the same. This raises potential uncertainties regarding safety, reliability, and functional capabilities. This paper covers the Class approach to new concept and technology qualification of systems and vessels designed to extract polymetallic nodules in the deep oceans. Methods, Procedures, Process A general overview of the typical offshore design phases and the corresponding novel concept approval and qualification process is shown in Figure 1 below. For a novel concept such as a subsea mining vessel there is an intermediary approval before final Class Approval, called an Approval in Principle (AIP). An AIP is a concept review that confirms feasibility of the design and is often required by project partners and/or regulatory bodies. The AIP also outlines key follow up actions in the form of an Approval Road Map. The process for achieving an Approval in Principle is outlined in the "ABS Guidance Notes on Review and Approval of Novel Concepts." Many stakeholders find AiPs useful because it provides an independent assessment of the feasibility of a new design concept. Moving on from a unit/ asset approach to novel systems such as a subsea mineral riser system or deep-sea nodule collector, the qualification methodology is an iterative approach broken down into 5 stages. This process is called New Technology Qualification (NTQ). These stages are aligned with the typical engineering product development phases of to-be-qualified equipment; and are compatible with industry Technology Readiness Level (TRL) approaches as shown in Figure 2 (API RP 17N, ISO 16290). At the completion of each stage, a "Statement of Maturity" is issued which confirms the maturity of the design. The detailed process and requirements are outlined in the "ABS Guidance Notes on Qualifying New Technologies." The goal of an NTQ assessment is to demonstrate to key stakeholders the level of maturity of a new technology. Throughout these processes, the "ABS Guide for Subsea Mining" as well as other applicable Rules and Standards are referenced as the approval baseline. Results, Observations, Conclusions In the early stages of design, designers can leverage ABS expertise as well as the industry's first "Guide for Subsea Mining" to evaluate a new subsea mining concept or technology. These approvals can assist the client in identifying design improvements, noting required additional steps for final Class approval as well as demonstrating the technology maturity and feasibility to key stakeholders. Novel/Additive Information In recognition of the emerging industry of polymetallic nodule extraction, ABS has published the "Guide for Subsea Mining" providing class requirements for the design, construction, installation, and survey of mobile offshore mining units. ABS has also provided Guidance Notes to assist the industry in qualifying their new technologies and concepts, reducing risk and uncertainty, and increasing safety.
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Kesavasamy, K. "TCS academic interface program (AIP)." In the 2006 international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1137842.1137854.

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Goiran, M., J. M. Poumirol, M. P. Semtsiv, W. T. Masselink, D. Smirnov, V. V. Rylkov, J. Léotin, M. R. Singh, and R. H. Lipson. "Magnetospectroscopy of AIP Quantum Wells." In TRANSPORT AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS: Proceedings of the International Conference—ICTOPON-2009. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3183464.

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Reports on the topic "AIPW"

1

John Mookken. AIPM Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/924027.

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Kozlowski, Keith A., Christian D. Rasmussen, Reza Salavani, Lucas M. Martinez, and Marcus D. Smith. Advanced Integrated Power Systems (AIPS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada568557.

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Golding, Heidi L., and Gerald E. Cox. Design and Implementation of AIP. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada417170.

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De Weerdt, Joachim, and Jan Duchoslav. Guiding principles of AIP reform. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134975.

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Banda, Chimwemwe, Joachim De Weerdt, Jan Duchoslav, and Aubrey Jolex. Pricing farmer contributions under AIP. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136462.

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Seybold, Patricia. AIP UniPHY: Creating a Professional Social Network. Boston, MA: Patricia Seybold Group, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1571/cs03-04-10cc.

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Wu, Dan, and Dana Nau. UM-Translog-2: A Planning Domain Designed for AIPS-2002. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada476097.

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Park, Sung-Won, and J. T. Cordaro. Application of the AIPA (Approximate Iterative Preprocessing Algorithm) to F-106 Data. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada169084.

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Nelson, S. C. Testing of the Semikron Validation AIPM Unit at Oak Ridge National Laboratory -- October 2004. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885640.

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Nelson, S. C. Testing of the Semikron Validation AIPM Unit at Oak Ridge National Laboratory: January 2005. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885999.

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