Academic literature on the topic 'AIDS; PCP'
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Journal articles on the topic "AIDS; PCP"
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Wasser, Larry S., Elliot Brown, and Wilfredo Talavera. "Miliary PCP in AIDS." Chest 96, no. 3 (September 1989): 693–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.96.3.693.
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&NA;. "Desensitisation to PCP prophylaxis in AIDS." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 913 (November 1993): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199309130-00050.
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&NA;. "Desensitisation to PCP prophylaxis in AIDS." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 477 (November 1993): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199304770-00004.
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&NA;. "New hope for PCP in AIDS." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 817 (December 1991): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199108170-00016.
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Wang, Mengyan, Guanjing Lang, Ying Chen, Caiqin Hu, Yongzheng Guo, Ran Tao, Xiaotian Dong, and Biao Zhu. "A Pilot Study of Echinocandin Combination with Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole and Clindamycin for the Treatment of AIDS Patients with Pneumocystis Pneumonia." Journal of Immunology Research 2019 (December 1, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8105075.
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Background and Objectives. Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients that continues to result in a high mortality rate. To develop a better treatment strategy and improve PCP prognosis, a cohort study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of echinocandin treatment for AIDS patients with PCP (AIDS-PCP). Methods. The AIDS-PCP patients were analyzed in our retrospective cohort study that were hospitalized in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University during 2013–2018. The antifungal effects of echinocandins were evaluated in two subgroups that were classified by oxygenation as a proxy for the disease state: PaO2/FiO2>200 mmHg and PaO2/FiO2≤200 mmHg. Intergroup comparisons and survival curves were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the two AIDS-PCP treatment regimens. Results. During the follow-up, 182 AIDS-PCP patients were diagnosed and analyzed in the study. After excluding 55 patients with other superinfections and five patients that were treated with HAART, the remaining 122 patients were enrolled in the study. The group treated with echinocandins combined with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and clindamycin exhibited a lower mortality rate (9.62%, 5/52) than did the group with TMP-SMZ and clindamycin treatment (20%, 14/70). For AIDS-PCP patients in the PaO2/FiO2>200 mmHg subgroup, treatment with echinocandins combined with TMP-SMZ and clindamycin significantly reduced their mortality rate (4.44% (2/45) vs. 18.18% (10/55), P=0.035). Conclusion. The results of this study indicate that treatment with echinocandins in combination with the standard TMP-SMZ and clindamycin regimen can improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality rate in patients with mild to moderate AIDS-PCP disease.
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Prasetyo, R. Heru. "PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA (PCP) DI PENDERITA HIV DAN AIDS DENGAN KELAINAN PARU." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 20, no. 1 (October 16, 2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v20i1.446.
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PCP is one of the most common opportunistic infection in HIV and AIDS patients. A definitive diagnosis of PCP in HIV and AIDS patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya has not been previously done. A definitive diagnosis have the role in the therapy and to prevent the illness as well. PCP is diagnosed by using a microscope to indentify Pneumocystis jerovecii in the lung fluid or tisuue. The objective of this study was to know how to detect Pneumocystis jerovecii in the sputum samples and to know the determination of the prevalence of PCP in HIV and AIDS patients suffered with pulmonary symptom who were hospitalized in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. This research was carried out by a cross sectional study utilizing waste sputum samples from HIV and AIDS patients. The detection of Pneumocystis jerovecii used Giemsa stain. Six sputum samples among 18 sputum samples (33.33%) HIV and AIDS patients were Pneumocystis jerovecii positive. Based on this findings HIV and AIDS patients with pulmonary symptoms should be suspect having the possibility of PCP as opportunity infection in HIV and AIDS existed, and there for the detection of the Pneumocystis jerovecii in sputum sample must becoming routinelycarried out in the laboratory examination for HIV and AIDS patients which also suffering pulmonary symptom.
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&NA;. "Three regimens compared in AIDS-associated PCP." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1036 (May 1996): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199610360-00026.
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&NA;. "??? while PCP prophylaxis improves survival in AIDS." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 863 (November 1992): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199208630-00031.
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Block, Brian L., Tejas Mehta, Gabriel M. Ortiz, Sean P. Ferris, Thienkhai H. Vu, Laurence Huang, and Adithya Cattamanchi. "Unusual Radiographic Presentation of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in a Patient with AIDS." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3183525.
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Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) typically presents as an interstitial and alveolar process with ground glass opacities on chest computed tomography (CT). The absence of ground glass opacities on chest CT is thought to have a high negative predictive value for PCP in individuals with AIDS. Here, we report a case of PCP in a man with AIDS who presented to our hospital with subacute shortness of breath and a nonproductive cough. While his chest CT revealed diffuse nodular rather than ground glass opacities, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of PCP and did not identify additional pathogens. PCP was not the expected diagnosis based on chest CT, but it otherwise fit well with the patient’s clinical and laboratory presentation. In the era of combination antiretroviral therapy, routine prophylaxis for PCP, and increased use of computed tomography, it may be that PCP will increasingly present with nonclassical chest radiographic patterns. Clinicians should be aware of this presentation when selecting diagnostic and management strategies.
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Beck, Eduard J., Sundhiya Mandalia, David L. Miller, and John R. W. Harris. "improving survival of AIDS patients St Mary's Hospital, London, 1982-1991 Hospital service interventions and." International Journal of STD & AIDS 9, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462981922214.
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Summary: The relationship between changes in hospital service interventions at St Mary's Hospital, London, reduced case fatality for patients with their first episode of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and improved survival from diagnosis of AIDS was investigated for the period 1982-1991. Multivariate logistic regression models identified factors independently associated with episode survival; for those patients who survived their first episode of PCP, survival from time of diagnosis of AIDS was analysed using multivariate Cox's proportional hazards models. The case-fatality rate after 1987 was significantly lower for the 159 subjects. Median survival from diagnosis of AIDS increased significantly from 142 days to 554 days ( P =0.01). Improved survival of first episode of PCP was associated with it being the index diagnosis and having a haemoglobin at diagnosis of PCP greater than 12 g/dl. The presence of a concurrent AIDS-defining condition in patients who presented with an A-a gradient equal to or greater than 40 mmHg was associated with reduced episode survival, especially before 1987. For the 126 individuals who survived their first episode of PCP, death rates were lowest in patients treated with primary or secondary PCP prophylaxis and those who received zidovudine since their first episode of PCP. Survival in patients with HIV disease is better in patients who receive appropriate antiretroviral treatment of HIV infection and timely treatment of opportunistic illnesses. Early diagnosis of HIV-1 infection with early diagnosis and treatment of first episode of PCP was associated with improved episode survival. Subsequent medical follow up combined with PCP prophylaxis and zidovudine were significantly associated with long-term survival.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AIDS; PCP"
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Lugli, Elena. "Analysis of a multi-gene family, PRT1. encoding subtilism-like serine proteases in Pneumocystis carinii." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302531.
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Dickerson, Dawne D. "Effects of Medical Professionals' Communication with Men Sleeping With Men and HIV/AIDS." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7795.
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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) initially emerged in the 1980s and ever since, a battle has been underway with regard to understanding some of the root issues attributed to behavior and HIV/AIDS. AIDS is prevalent in the men sleeping with men (MSM) community. There is lack of studies evaluating the quality and quantity of communication between MSM and medical professionals, which can be a catalyst to help reduce HIV/AIDS within this community. The aim of this quantitative study was to evaluate the relationship between quantity and quality of medical professionals' communication and regular HIV screening and testing, as well as modifying high-risk behaviors attributing to HIV/AIDS MSM behaviors, controlled for race/ethnicity, educational level, and income. Universal precautions theory and health belief model were the theoretical framework of this study. A total of 126 MSM were evaluated via survey research. Chi-square analysis revealed that MSM who have ever visited a medical professional about HIV/AIDS were tested in significantly higher frequency compared with those that did not visit medical professional for this reason (51.5% vs. 18.5%, respectively, p < .001). Also, significantly more participants changed their sexual behavior during the last 5 years and considered that the approach of the medical professional contributed in this change, compared with those who changed their sexual behavior but did not consider this approach helpful (73.7% vs. 26.7%, p < .001). This research can provide positive social change to the MSM community as well as medical professionals, by encouraging MSM to seek more information pertaining to safe sexual health practices, prevention, and awareness.
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Dyer, James U. "Evaluation of physical chemistry in practice (PCIP) DVD modules." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1318447.
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da, Cunha Correia Carolina. "Validação da reação da cadeia de polimerase em tempo real para o diagnóstico de neurotoxoplasmose em pacientes com AIDS." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/7132.
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Previous issue date: 2009Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O diagnóstico da neurotoxoplasmose em portadores de aids pode ser difícil, requerendo distinção com outras neuroinfecções e lesões tumorais. Os exames complementares disponíveis trazem limitações para a confirmação da doença. A tese esteve composta por uma revisão da literatura, abordando o estado de arte dos métodos disponíveis para diagnóstico de neurotoxoplasmose, e por dois artigos: No primeiro, sob título Lesão cerebral única de origem toxoplásmica, foram analisados aspectos de ressonância magnética convencional de 10 pacientes com neurotoxoplasmose e lesão cerebral única, uma vez que essa forma de apresentação impõe maior dificuldade diagnóstica sendo pouco explorada na literatura. As imagens foram avaliadas quanto à localização das lesões, intensidade de sinal, tipo de realce após contraste, presença de alvo excêntrico e captação meníngea, em aparelho Phillips 1,5 Tesla, modelo Achieva®. As lesões não tiveram localização preferencial e ocorreram igualmente em regiões córtico-subcorticais e profundas. Na seqüência T2, houve variabilidade de sinal, porém, no T1, predominaram padrões de iso ou hipossinal, edema perilesional e realce anelar após contraste, aspectos similares aos de lesões múltiplas, descritos na literatura. Concluiu-se que a presença desses padrões em lesões únicas pode ser sugestiva da neurotoxoplasmose. O segundo artigo, sob título Influência de características da neurotoxoplasmose na sensibilidade da PCR em tempo real em pacientes com aids, consistiu de estudo de validação fase III da reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real para detecção do gene B1 em sangue e líquor de pacientes com aids e diagnóstico presuntivo de neurotoxoplasmose. O DNA foi extraído com kit QiAmp DNA®, marca Qiagen®; amplificado com uso de primers da marca Applied Biosystem®, com seqüência específica de 98 pares de bases do gene B1. As amostras foram processadas em termociclador Icicle®, marca Biorad®, operado pelo programa PrimerExpress. Foram incluídos 135 pacientes com sintomatologia neurológica encefálica, distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo I - 85 casos de neurotoxoplasmose e grupo II - 50 pacientes com manifestações neurológicas não toxoplásmicas. A PCR em tempo real em sangue revelou sensibilidade de 1,5% (IC 95% 0,1% - 9%), especificidade igual a 100% (IC 95% 87,7% - 100%), valor preditivo positivo de 100% (IC 95% 5,5% - 100%) e valor preditivo negativo de 34,3% (IC 95% 25,4% - 44,4%). No líquor, houve sensibilidade igual a 35,8% (IC 95% 25,7% - 47,3%), especificidade igual a 100,0% (IC 95% 89,6% - 100,0%), valor preditivo positivo de 100.0% (IC 95% 85,4% - 100,0%) e valor preditivo negativo de 44,7% (IC 95% 34,5% - 55,3%). Nos pacientes do grupo I com pleocitorraquia e quatro ou mais lesões encefálicas pelo T gondii, a positividade liquórica da PCR foi significantemente maior do que a daqueles com normocitorraquia (p=0,021) e com até três lesões encefálicas (p=0,026). Concluiu-se que a PCR em tempo real no sangue não se mostrou útil ao diagnóstico; no LCR, o teste demonstrou baixa sensibilidade, mas alta especificidade para o diagnóstico da neurotoxoplasmose. Maior número de lesões e maior celularidade liquórica podem melhorar a sensibilidade do método. Sugerem-se novas pesquisas que correlacionem esses aspectos com os parâmetros de acurácia do método
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Keller, Judith Ina. "Protein Mass Spectrometry Aids In Chagas Vector Blood Meal Identification And Offers An Innovative Approach To Battling Vector-Borne Diseases." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/994.
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Vector borne-diseases make up a significant portion of morbidity and mortality worldwide, being responsible for around 700,000 deaths annually according to the World Health Organization. Neglected, tropical diseases such as Chagas disease have a significant impact on people in Latin America, affecting millions, and especially those residing in rural areas. Chagas disease is the number one cause for heart disease in Latin America, and is caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, carried by Triatominae insect vectors. The intricate life cycle of the parasite, ecology and behavior of the vector, and lack of disease treatment options, make Chagas disease challenging to control. Prevention measures are highly sought after, and implementation science approaches such as Ecohealth management engage affected communities in disease prevention. Knowing what insect vectors are feeding on sheds light on vector ecology and behavior, aiding in vector management which is pivotal in disease prevention.
While DNA-based methods have traditionally been used to study vector blood meals, they come with limitations and challenges, such as the need for fresh, high abundance blood meals. Therefore, the goal of this research was to evaluate Chagas vector blood meal sources using an innovative protein mass spectrometry-based approach. We demonstrate first the ability to utilize liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to correctly identify hemoglobin protein peptides from mouse blood and subsequently identify Chagas vector blood meal sources from field-collected insect vectors where blood meal identification is compared with traditional DNA-based methods as a control.
An experimental feeding study allowed us to then demonstrate the longevity of hemoglobin protein peptides for blood meal detection, showing LC-MS/MS-based blood meal identification outperforms DNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at least 4 weeks post-feeding and 12 weeks post-molting. This allowed us to test the limits of our innovative detection method experimentally and comparatively.
Finally, we evaluated blood meals in field-caught insect vectors collected as part of a large collaborative Ecohealth project in Central America. LC-MS/MS identified two times as many blood meals in insect vectors, including those that did not have blood meals detected with DNA-based PCR. As single vectors often feed on multiple sources, we also validated our ability to decipher multiple blood meals from an individual vector and showed the ability to quantify a blood meal using synthetic AQUA (Absolute QUAntification) peptides, a first step in using quantification data for identifying blood meals not currently in our underlying database. Furthermore, we show that lower resolution mass spectrometers are able to identify blood meals from taxa correctly, an important and strong attribute of our LC-MS/MS-based method, opening the door to using proteomics in countries where Chagas disease is endemic and resources are limited.
Even though expertise and resources of research labs differ in locations across the globe, herein is described how LC-MS/MS is a valuable additional tool for fighting neglected tropical diseases. Ultimately, hemoglobin-based LC-MS/MS vector blood meal identification is a complementary technique to available molecular methods and can confidently identify Chagas vector blood meal sources to aid in understanding vector biology and ecology, and aid in developing appropriate Ecohealth vector control measures.
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ALBUQUERQUE, Yvana Maria Maia de. "Reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real quantitativa (QPCR) para diagnóstico da tuberculos pulmonar em escarro de pacientes com HIV/aids." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18503.
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O diagnóstico da tuberculose apresenta dificuldades em pacientes soropositivos para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Os doentes coinfectados HIV/M.tuberculosis(MTB)nos estágios mais avançados de imunocomprometimento apresentam manifestações clínicas atípicas e o exame direto, rotineiramente utilizado, tem baixa sensibilidade. A cultura apesar de ter maior sensibilidade fornece resultados tardios. Evidencia-se nesta população a necessidade de testes diagnósticos mais eficientes. A tese será apresentada no formato de dois artigos científicos. No primeiro, estudou-se a utilidade da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em tempo real quantitativa (qPCR) para diagnóstico da tuberculose pulmonar em escarro de pacientes com HIV/aids. No segundo, descreveu-se as alterações radiográficas do tórax de pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar confirmado por cultura de escarro. Foram incluídos no estudo 140 pacientes com HIV/aids e suspeita clínica de tuberculose pulmonar, atendidos no período de agostode 2009 a janeiro de 2012, em dois hospitais de referência para atendimento de pacientes infectados pelo HIV em Recife-PE. Coletou-se uma amostra de escarro de cada paciente, e caso não houvesse escarro suficiente, realizou-se nebulização com solução salina para indução do escarro. O padrão ouro do estudo foi à cultura realizada em meios Löwenstein-Jensen e 7H9. A cultura e a qPCR para tuberculose foram realizadas em laboratório privado situado no Recife. Dos 140 pacientes em 47 (33,6%), diagnosticou-se tuberculose pulmonar pelo padrão ouro. A sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia da qPCR foram respectivamente 87,2%, 98,9% e 95%. Foram realizados exames radiográficos do tórax em 42 pacientes coinfectados com cultura de escarro positiva, que foram avaliados por dois radiologistas experientes. A alteração radiológica isolada mais frequente observada foi a consolidação parenquimatosa, que acometeu seis (14,3%) dos pacientes, seguida pelo infiltrado intersticial e micronodular difuso, além da associação infiltrado e consolidação. Concluiu-se que a qPCR realizada no escarro de pacientes coinfectados HIV/MTB apresentou boa sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia, sendo útil no diagnóstico de tuberculose pulmonar nesses pacientes. Com relação aos achados radiográficos de tórax, estes demonstraram ser de pouco auxílio no diagnóstico da tuberculose pulmonar nos coinfectados, exceto quando o padrão cavidade e infiltrado micronodular difuso estão presentes.
Tuberculosis’ diagnosis is difficult in HIV soropositivepatients. The patients co-infected HIV/M.tuberculosis(MTB) in severe immune deficiency stage present atypical clinical manifestation and direct sputum smear, usually used, shows low sensitivity.The culture, despite better sensitivity, obtains later results. The thesis will be presented in form of two articles. In the first, it has studied the utility of quantitative real time PCR for tuberculosis’ diagnosis among AIDS patients’ sputum smear. In the second, it has been described the major thoracic radiographic alterations among AIDS patients’ and pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed by sputum culture. A total of 140 HIV/AIDS patients were included in the study, with clinical suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis, from August 2009 to January 2012, were attended at two referral hospitals for HIV/AIDS in Recife-PE. A sputum sample was collected from each patient, and if they were unable to produce spontaneous sputum, they were saline nebulized, for sputum induction. The culture, in Löwenstein-Jensen solid medium and 7H9, was the gold standard. The culture and qPCR for tuberculosis have been done in a private laboratory in Recife-PE. From all the 140 studied patients, 47 (33,6%) pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosis by gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 87,7%, 98,9% and 95% respectively. There were evaluated chest X-rays from 42 co-infected HIV/MTB patients with positive culture by two experienced radiologists, the most common radiological alteration was parenchymal consolidation, encountered in six (14,3%) patients, followed by interstitial infiltrate, difuse micronodular (military) pattern an association between interstitial infiltrate and parenchymal consolidation. It was concluded that qPCR, has given a good sensitivity, specificity and accuracy and it can be recommender for use in the management of HIV/AIDS patients. However, thoracic radiographic findings were not specific and thorax RX is not sufficient initself to establish a pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis in co-infected HIV/MTB patients, except when cavity and micronodular pattern are presented.
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Silva, Igor Thiago Borges de Queiroz e. "Comorbidade leishmaniose visceral/AIDS no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (1999-2010): aspectos epidemiológicos e moleculares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-16012014-163538/.
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INTRODUÇAO: A leishmaniose atinge milhões de indivíduos mundialmente, relacionada a mudanças ambientais, urbanização, migração e susceptibilidade do hospedeiro. O aumento de casos de leishmaniose visceral (LV) em áreas urbanas pode ser explicado, não só pela adaptação do vetor a diferentes situações ambientais, circulação do parasito e introdução de hospedeiro infectado, como também pela intersecção com áreas de transmissão do HIV. No Brasil, a distribuição dos coinfectados acompanha os grupos de risco para HIV/AIDS (adultos, sexo masculino). A coinfecção LV-HIV/AIDS é registrada com grande frequência no Estado de São Paulo, onde há aumento da prevalência desta coinfecção, assim como da recidiva e da letalidade por LV. Fatores contribuintes para esta elevação, como possíveis determinantes da gravidade da LV em pacientes HIV/AIDS, não estão claros, sejam relacionados ao hospedeiro ou ao parasito. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o comportamento clínico, epidemiológico, terapêutico e imunológico e a variação genotípica do parasito na coinfecção LV-HIV/AIDS, comparando com pacientes HIV-negativos, em pacientes do Estado de São Paulo. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Coorte retrospectiva, utilizando dados secundários de programas de rotina epidemiológica da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo e do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, entre 1999-2010. Análise molecular por PCR-RFLP do kDNA de Leishmania (L.) infantum de aspirado de medula óssea para desenvolvimento de uma árvore fenética, comparando os indivíduos entre si quanto ao desfecho, sexo, idade e infecção pelo HIV. RESULTADOS: 1614 casos de LV e 117 (7,25%) de coinfectados LV-HIV/AIDS, com predomínio destes no sexo masculino, entre os 31-50 anos de idade. Tríade febre e hepatoesplenomegalia foi mais frequente no grupo HIV-negativo. Maior letalidade por LV (24,2 x 8,2 - p =0,000) e recidiva (10,5 x 1,8 - p = 0,000) nos pacientes HIV-positivos comparando aos HIVnegativos. Entre os coinfectados, observou-se maior taxa de cura quando a LV foi tratada com Antimonial Pentavalente (69,44%) e Anfotericina B lipossomal (63,82%), p=0,223. Maiores falhas (16,66%, p = 0,034) e letalidade (41,66%, p = 0,192) quando tratado com Anfotericina B deoxicolato. Maiores recidivas (14,89% - p = 0,076) e nenhuma falha com Anfotericina B lipossomal. Houve maior mediana de linfócitos T CD4+ (135) e T CD8+ (550) no grupo de cura dos pacientes LV-HIV/AIDS e houve 50% de recidivas em uso de terapia antirretroviral. A distribuição dos genótipos de Leishmania (L.) infantum não apresentou relação com nenhum dos desfechos avaliados. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados obtidos revelam pela primeira vez a magnitude da comorbidade LV-HIV/AIDS no Estado de São Paulo, com repercussão direta na recidiva e na letalidade da LV. Há aumento do número de casos de LV e LV-HIV/AIDS nessa região, com maior prevalência de coinfectados em adultos do sexo masculino. Maior letalidade e recidiva nos HIV-positivos e com pior desfecho quando tratado com Anfotericina B deoxicolato. Recidiva elevada quando tratado com Anfotericina B lipossomal, embora sem falhas. Pouca proteção da terapia antirretroviral na proteção das recidivas. Muitos dados incompletos quanto à infecção pelo HIV. PCR-RFLP não discrimina casos HIV-positivos dos HIV-negativos, nem mostra relação direta das recidivas e óbitos com um genótipo específico do parasita, podendo a evolução do paciente estar relacionada diretamente com a resposta do hospedeiroINTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis affects millions of individuals worldwide, related to environmental changes, urbanization, migration, and host susceptibility. The increase in cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in urban areas can be explained not only by the vector adaptation to different environmental situations, movement of the parasite and introduction infected host, as well as the intersection with areas of HIV transmission. In Brazil, the distribution of coinfected is accompanying risk groups for HIV/AIDS (adult male). Coinfection VL-HIV/AIDS is recorded with great frequency in São Paulo State, where there is an increased prevalence of co-infection, as well as relapse and lethality by VL. Factors contributing to this increase, as possible determinants of severity of VL in HIV/AIDS patients are not clear, either related to the host or the parasite. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical, epidemiological, therapeutic and immunological aspects of coinfection VL-HIV/AIDS and genotypic variation in the parasite, compared with HIV-negative patients in the State of São Paulo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study using secondary data from epidemiological routine programs of the State Department of Health of São Paulo and the Ministry of Health of Brazil, between 1999 to 2010. Molecular analysis by PCRRFLP kDNA of Leishmania (L.) infantum from bone marrow aspirate to develop a phenetic tree, comparing individuals with each other about the outcome, gender, age and HIV infection. RESULTS: 1614 cases of VL and 117 (7.25%) of coinfected VLHIV/ AIDS, predominantly those in males, between 31-50 years old. Triad of fever and hepatosplenomegaly was more frequent among HIV-negative. Increased mortality by VL (24.2 x 8.2 - p =0,000) and recurrence (10.5 x 1.8 - p = 0,000) in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative. Among coinfected, there was a higher cure rate when the VL was treated with pentavalent antimony (69.44%) and liposomal amphotericin B (63.82%), p = 0.223. Major failures (16.66%, p = 0.034) and mortality (41.66%, p = 0.192) when treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate. Major recurrences (14.89% - p = 0.076) and no failure with amphotericin B liposome. There were a higher median TCD4+ (135) and TCD8+ (550) lymphocytes in the group of cures and relapse was 50% in those using antiretroviral therapy. The genotype distribution of Leishmania (L.) infantum was not associated with any of the outcomes assessed. CONCLUSIONS: These results show for the first time the magnitude of comorbidity VL-HIV/AIDS in São Paulo State, with direct impact on recurrence and mortality of VL. There are increasing numbers of cases of VL and VL-HIV/AIDS in this region, with the highest prevalence of coinfection in adult males. There is an increased mortality and recurrence in HIV-positive and with worse outcome when treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate. High relapse when treated with liposomal amphotericin B, although flawless. There is little protection of antiretroviral therapy in relapses. There are many incomplete data regarding HIV infection. PCR-RFLP does not discriminate HIVpositive cases from HIV-negative ones or showed direct nexus from recurrences and deaths with a specific genotype of the parasite, but instead could be directly related to the host response
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Costa, Rebeka Cristine de Bastos. "Estudo epidemiológico da coinfecção por toxoplasma gondii e pelo vírus da imunodeficiência felina em gatos domésticos (felis catus) em Goiânia, Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5115.
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Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease in which mammals and birds can join the cycle as intermediate hosts, and felids as definitive hosts. Felis catus is recognized as the main responsible for the environmental contamination by Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. Serological diagnosis reveals little about the elimination of oocysts of T. gondii into the environment, principally by F. catus, which plays an important role in Public Health. There are few data on the frequency of feline toxoplasmosis in the State of Goiás. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the frequency of toxoplasmosis infection in domestic cats and their potential role in its transmission through the oocyst elimination into the environment and the respective factors associated with the infection. For this, we collected 102 blood samples and 98 fecal samples from 102 cats from Goiânia, State of Goiás. The animals were divided into groups according to age, gender and free access to the street or not. Indirect hemagglutination test was performed to determine the level of anti-T. gondii and indirect ELISA for the detection of infection by feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). For search and detection of T. gondii oocysts elimination in the feces of cats we performed a centrifugal-flotation with Sheather's solution, subsequently we extracted DNA and used conventional PCR. The results showed that 18.63% (19/102) of the cats were positive for T. gondii, with titers ranging from 1:32 to 1: 8.192, while none of the fecal samples were positive in the PCR. The frequency of positive animals for FIV was 55.91% (52/93), and 18.28% (17/93) presented coinfection. By multivariate logistic regression we found the associated factors were the same for both infections, but one did not interfere with another. The factors associated with infection by T. gondii and feline immunodeficiency virus were free life and age under six months, since the sex was not statistically related to any of the illnesses.
A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose na qual, mamíferos e aves podem participar do seu ciclo como hospedeiros intermediários e os felídeos como hospedeiros definitivos. O Felis catus é reconhecido como o principal responsável pela contaminação ambiental por oocistos de Toxoplasma gondii. O diagnóstico sorológico pouco revela sobre a eliminação de tal fase no ambiente, o que representa o real impacto daquela espécie na Saúde Pública frente à toxoplasmose. São escassos os dados da frequência da toxoplasmose felina no Estado de Goiás. Assim sendo, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a frequência da infecção da toxoplasmose em gatos domésticos e o seu potencial papel na sua transmissão, através da eliminação de oocistos no ambiente e dos respectivos fatores associados à infecção. Para isto, foram coletadas 102 amostras de sangue e 98 amostras fecais, de 102 gatos provenientes de Goiânia-Goiás. Os animais foram divididos em grupos de acordo com a faixa etária, gênero e livre acesso à rua ou não. Foi realizada a hemaglutinção indireta para a determinação do nível de anticorpos anti-T. gondii e o ELISA indireto para a detecção da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV). Para a pesquisa e detecção da eliminação de oocistos de T. gondii nas fezes dos gatos foi feita a centrifugo-flutuação em solução de Sheather, posterior extração de DNA e realização da PCR convencional. Os resultados revelaram que 18,63% (19/102) dos gatos foram positivos para o T. gondii, com títulos variando entre 1:32 a 1:8.192, sendo que nenhuma das amostras fecais foi positiva na PCR. A frequência de positivos para o FIV foi de 55,91% (52/93), com coinfecção de 18,28% (17/93). Com a regressão logística multivariada verificou-se que os fatores associados foram os mesmos para as duas infecções, porém uma não interferiu diretamente na outra. Os fatores associados para a infecção pelo T. gondii e pelo vírus da imunodeficiência felina foram a vida livre e a idade igual ou superior a seis meses, já o gênero não apresentou relação estatística com nenhuma das enfermidades.
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Chen, Beichen, and Amy Jinxin Chen. "PCA based dimensionality reduction of MRI images for training support vector machine to aid diagnosis of bipolar disorder." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259621.
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This study aims to investigate how dimensionality reduction of neuroimaging data prior to training support vector machines (SVMs) affects the classification accuracy of bipolar disorder. This study uses principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction. An open source data set of 19 bipolar and 31 control structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) samples was used, part of the UCLA Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics LA5c Study funded by the NIH Roadmap Initiative aiming to foster breakthroughs in the development of novel treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. The images underwent smoothing, feature extraction and PCA before they were used as input to train SVMs. 3-fold cross-validation was used to tune a number of hyperparameters for linear, radial, and polynomial kernels. Experiments were done to investigate the performance of SVM models trained using 1 to 29 principal components (PCs). Several PC sets reached 100% accuracy in the final evaluation, with the minimal set being the first two principal components. Accumulated variance explained by the PCs used did not have a correlation with the performance of the model. The choice of kernel and hyperparameters is of utmost importance as the performance obtained can vary greatly. The results support previous studies that SVM can be useful in aiding the diagnosis of bipolar disorder, and that the use of PCA as a dimensionality reduction method in combination with SVM may be appropriate for the classification of neuroimaging data for illnesses not limited to bipolar disorder. Due to the limitation of a small sample size, the results call for future research using larger collaborative data sets to validate the accuracies obtained.Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur dimensionalitetsreduktion av neuroradiologisk data före träning av stödvektormaskiner (SVMs) påverkar klassificeringsnoggrannhet av bipolär sjukdom. Studien använder principalkomponentanalys (PCA) för dimensionalitetsreduktion. En datauppsättning av 19 bipolära och 31 friska magnetisk resonanstomografi(MRT) bilder användes, vilka tillhör den öppna datakällan från studien UCLA Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics LA5c som finansierades av NIH Roadmap Initiative i syfte att främja genombrott i utvecklingen av nya behandlingar för neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar. Bilderna genomgick oskärpa, särdragsextrahering och PCA innan de användes som indata för att träna SVMs. Med 3-delad korsvalidering inställdes ett antal parametrar för linjära, radiala och polynomiska kärnor. Experiment gjordes för att utforska prestationen av SVM-modeller tränade med 1 till 29 principalkomponenter (PCs). Flera PC uppsättningar uppnådde 100% noggrannhet i den slutliga utvärderingen, där den minsta uppsättningen var de två första PCs. Den ackumulativa variansen över antalet PCs som användes hade inte någon korrelation med prestationen på modellen. Valet av kärna och hyperparametrar är betydande eftersom prestationen kan variera mycket. Resultatet stödjer tidigare studier att SVM kan vara användbar som stöd för diagnostisering av bipolär sjukdom och användningen av PCA som en dimensionalitetsreduktionsmetod i kombination med SVM kan vara lämplig för klassificering av neuroradiologisk data för bipolär och andra sjukdomar. På grund av begränsningen med få dataprover, kräver resultaten framtida forskning med en större datauppsättning för att validera de erhållna noggrannheten.
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Fortuna, Elizabeth de Los Santos. ""Hipervírus humano tipo 8 (HHV-8): Estudo de segmentos alvo do genoma viral em amostras de sangue, saliva e urina de pacientes infectados pelo HIV/aids, com e sem Sarcoma de Kaposi"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-14032006-102941/.
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Desde a descoberta do herpes vírus humano tipo 8 (HHV-8) como o agente etiológico do sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) nas suas diferentes formas clínico-epidemiológicas, vários estudos vêm sendo conduzidos com o intuito de determinar as vias de transmissão desse vírus em populações endêmicas e de risco epidemiológico. Em regiões endêmicas, a transmissão viral foi relacionada à transmissão horizontal de mães para filhos e entre irmãos e a sexual principalmente, nos casos de SK/aids. Com o objetivo de determinar segmentos do genoma viral em fluídos biológicos e consequentemente seu potencial infectante foi conduzido o presente trabalho. Foram avaliados quanto à presença de segmentos localizados em posições estratégicas do genoma do HHV-8 em sangue, saliva e urina de 76 pacientes com SK/aids, 19 pacientes com HIV/aids, 4 casos de SK clássico e 11 indivíduos sadios (HIV-soronegativos, sem SK). Foram utilizadas as técnicas de PCR "nested" para as ORF K1, ORF 25, ORF 26, ORF K8.1 e ORF 73 em DNA extraído de material de biópsia de lesão de SK (controle positivo), células do sangue periférico, saliva e urina. Os resultados de PCR positivo para o HHV-8 foram analisados quanto a variáveis epidemiológicas, clínicas e laboratoriais. Foram consideradas como variáveis: sexo, cor, origem étnica, tempo de infecção por HIV e de acompanhamento do SK, terapia ARV e para SK, contagem de células CD4+ e sorologia para o HHV-8 (IFI-LANA e IFI-Lítico). Os testes estatísticos de regressão logística e de razão de chances foram usados para detectar as associações estatisticamente significantes entre as PCRs positivas e as variáveis estudadas nos grupos SK/aids e HIV/aids. Os subtipos do HHV-8 foram também determinados pela técnica de PCR-RFLP da ORF K1 (VR1). Os resultados obtidos mostraram a detecção de DNA/HHV-8 em 80,2% do material de biópsia, 69,7% no sangue, 59,2% na saliva e 21,0% na urina de pacientes com SK/aids. No grupo HIV/aids, a PCR para o HHV-8 resultou positiva em 47,4% dos casos no sangue e em 26,3% na saliva e urina. Já no grupo SK clássico 100% das biópsias e salivas resultaram PCR positiva, 67% do sangue e 33% das urinas. A avaliação sorológica revelou 73,3% de reatividade para IFI-LANA e 85,3% para a IFI-Lítico no grupo SK/aids, enquanto o grupo HIV/aids mostrou reatividade de 15,8% para IFI-LANA e 47,4% para IFI-Lítico; todos os pacientes apresentaram resultados reagentes nas duas sorologias para o HHV-8 no grupo de SK clássico. No grupo controle sadio não houve reatividade na sorologia para o HHV-8, com exceção de um caso, que mostrou ser reagente na IFI-LANA. Foi possível realizar a subtipagem do HHV-8 em amostras de 69 pacientes, sendo detectadas 27 cepas do subtipo A, 13 do subtipo B, 28 do subtipo C e 1 do subtipo E. Após as análises estatísticas foi verificado que as PCRs que identificam as regiões ORF 26, ORF K8.1 e ORF 73 foram as que apresentaram melhor desempenho na identificação de DNA/HHV-8. Houve associação entre a reatividade de IFI-Lítico e a presença do vírus no sangue periférico, assim como a reatividade para IFI-LANA e a detecção de DNA/HHV-8 na saliva. Houve uma tendência dos subtipos B e C de HHV-8 serem detectados em pacientes com infecção profunda ou disseminada de SK. Estes resultados sugerem que a boca pode ser um sítio de latência da infecção por HHV-8 e confirmam a atuação de sangue, saliva e urina como fluídos potencialmente infectantes.Since the discovery of the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) as the etiological agent of Kaposis sarcoma (KS), several studies have been conducted in order to determine routes of virus transmission, mostly in endemic and at risk populations. The main of the present study was to determine target segments of the HHV-8 genoma and consequently infected bodily fluids. DNA sequences of ORF K1, ORF 25, ORF 26, ORF K8.1 and ORF 73 strategically localized in viral genoma were searched using nested PCR techniques in KS lesions (positive control), blood, saliva, and urine from 76 KS/aids patients, 19 HIV/aids patients, 4 classic KS patients, and among 11 healthy individuals (HIV-1 seronegative, without KS). HHV-8 subtypes were determined by PCR-RFLP of the ORF K1 (VR1), and HHV-8 antibodies by IFA-LANA and IFA-Lytic assays. The results obtained were analyzed according to epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial data, and the c2 test, logistic regression and odds ratio were applied to identify statistical association among variables in KS/aids and HIV/aids groups. The results obtained showed HHV-8 DNA in 80.2% of biopsies, 69.7% of blood, 59.2% of saliva, and 21% of urines from KS/aids group. Among HIV/aids patients, 47.4% resulted PCR positive in blood, 26.3% in saliva and urine. In classic KS cases, all biopsies and saliva resulted PCR positive, 67% in blood, and 33% in urine. The serology in KS/aids group showed 73.3% frequency of anti-latent antibodies, and 85.3% frequency of anti-lytic antibodies, while in HIV/aids group the frequencies were 15.8% and 47.4%, respectively. All classic KS cases resulted HHV-8 seroposite, while all individuals from control group resulted HHV-8 seronegative. Molecular characterization of 69 HHV-8 strains disclosed: 27 of subtype A, 13 of subtype B, 28 of subtype C, and 1 of subtype E. The ORF 26, ORF K8.1 and ORF 73 were the best segments for identifying HHV-8 DNA in bodily fluids. It was observed an association between antibodies to lytic antigens and the presence of HHV-8 in blood, and antibodies to latent antigens and the detection of HHV8 DNA in saliva of KS/aids patients. Indeed, HHV-8 subtypes B and C were detected mostly in disseminated KS cases. Taken together, the results obtained suggest that the mouth could be one site of HHV-8 latency, and confirm that blood, saliva and urine were potentially infectious bodily fluids.
Books on the topic "AIDS; PCP"
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Phi Delta Kappa. Educational Foundation., ed. Using Pocket PCs in education. Bloomington, Ind: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 2003.
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Heritage, Canada Canadian. Publications Assistance Program (PAP). [Ottawa?]: Canadian Heritage, 1999.
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Korine, Harmony. Kids: A film by Larry Clark. New York: Grove Press, 1995.
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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.), ed. The Lung infection PCP. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 1993.
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Medical Record Abstraction & Guidelines for Assessing Quality of Care for Hospitalized Patients with AIDS-Related Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP). Diane Pub, 1993.
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Conway, McKinley. The Aid/Pep Program. Conway Data, 2000.
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Cohen, Mary Ann, Jack M. Gorman, and Scott L. Letendre, eds. Comprehensive Textbook of AIDS Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.001.0001.
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Psychiatric factors play a significant role in the ongoing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. In less than four decades, advances in HIV medical care and research have transformed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) from a rapidly fatal illness of unknown cause into a chronic, manageable illness. Vast strides have been made in clinical care and pathogenesis research in the fields of HIV prevention and psychiatric care, including pre- (PreP) and and post-exposure (PEP) prophylaxis. Although AIDS is an entirely preventable infectious illness, HIV transmission continues throughout the world. Transmission of HIV continues to be fueled by many factors, including stigma of HIV and mental illness as well as discrimination, criminalization, and risky behaviors. A comprehensive biopsychosocial approach to sexual health and mental health and diminution of stigma are key to both HIV prevention and HIV care. Integration of psychiatric care into HIV prevention and treatment entails use of a biopsychosocial approach that maintains a view of each individual with HIV as a member of a family, community, and society who deserves to be treated with dignity and compassion. This textbook provides an update on HIV medicine and psychiatry; introduces the concept of HIV/AIDS as “the great magnifier of maladies”; explores the paradoxes and disparities of HIV care; explains how HIV psychiatry is a paradigm for the psychiatric care of the medically ill (psychosomatic medicine); and sets the stage for an understanding of how integrated care can prevent transmission of HIV and reduce morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV.
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Watson, Max, Caroline Lucas, Andrew Hoy, and Jo Wells. Palliative care in non-malignant neurological disease. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199234356.003.0029.
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This chapter focuses on the symptom management of multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), motor neuron disease, neurological complications of AIDS, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), and useful contacts.
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Geppert, Cynthia, Mary Ann Cohen, and Rebecca Weintraub Brendel. End-Of-Life Issues, Ethical Issues, Advance Directives, and Surrogate Decision-Making in The Care of Persons With HIV. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0049.
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HIV and AIDS, perhaps more than any other illness during any other time, contributed to the end of a “collusion of silence” and parentalism that characterized medicine prior to the era of civil rights and patient rights. The bioethical aspects of both healthcare delivery and care at the end of life changed dramatically during the beginning of the AIDS epidemic when young persons and their dedicated teams of caregivers were faced with a new infectious illness associated with both sexual transmission and intravenous drug use. This chapter delineates the ethical aspects of HIV and exceptionalism, screening, routine testing, informed consent, advance care planning through advance directives, confidentiality, criminalization, the duty to warn, and pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP).
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Battista, Vanessa, and Gina Santucci. Pediatric Palliative Care Across the Continuum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190204709.003.0014.
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Pediatric palliative care (PPC) is an essential service for children living with chronic and/or life-threatening conditions. Pediatric palliative care aims to improve the quality of life of children with life-threatening illnesses and their families. Pediatric palliative care can be provided in tertiary care facilities, community health centers, and in children’s homes. Terminially ill children die in the hospital and at home, necessitating more home-based PPC and hospice services. A variety of factors must be considered when caring for children and families in their home setting. It is essential to proactively identify and manage pain as well as other symptoms. There should also be attention paid to other areas important to the child: psychological, social, or spiritual domains of care.
Book chapters on the topic "AIDS; PCP"
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Rolfs, Arndt, Hermann Christian Schumacher, Martin Preuß, Ines Weber, Barbara Trampenau, Klaus Weigel, and Theo Dissmann. "Detection of EBNA2-mRNA in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas in Patients with AIDS." In PCR Topics, 130–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75924-6_26.
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Effenberger, Susanne Johanna. "Modellierung des Spezial-AIFs." In Spezial-AIF zur Investition in PPP-Immobilien, 139–225. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-16500-0_5.
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da Silva, Alexandre J., and Norman J. Pieniazek. "Latest Advances and Trends in PCR-Based Diagnostic Methods." In Textbook-Atlas of Intestinal Infections in AIDS, 397–412. Milano: Springer Milan, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2091-7_25.
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Schmid, Peter, Andrew Conrad, Karl Syndulko, Elyse J. Singer, Ximing Li, Gongming Tao, Daniel Handley, Bridget Fahy-Chandon, and Wallace W. Tourtellotte. "Techniques in PCR and PCR Evaluation Technology and Its Application to the Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid in HIV Disease." In Technical Advances in AIDS Research in the Human Nervous System, 301–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1949-2_22.
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Nuovo, Gerard J. "The Utility of PCR in Situ Hybridization for the Detection of HIV-1 DNA and RNA." In Technical Advances in AIDS Research in the Human Nervous System, 267–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1949-2_20.
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Astrin, S. M., E. Schattner, J. Laurence, R. I. Lebman, and C. Rodriguez-Alfageme. "Does HIV Infection of B Lymphocytes Initiate AIDS Lymphoma? Detection by PCR of Viral Sequences in Lymphoma Tissue." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 399–407. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77633-5_51.
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von Einsiedel, R. W., I. W. Samorei, M. Pawlita, M. Deubel, C. Mundt, and H. V. Vinters. "Clinical and Neuropathological Features in AIDS Patients with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) Including a Novel Approach by in situ PCR." In HIV-Infekt, 517–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59683-4_93.
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Pattman, Richard, Michael Snow, Pauline Handy, K. Nathan Sankar, and Babiker Elawad. "Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia (PCP)." In Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV and AIDS. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/1.1.med-9780198520771-div1-245.
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Bueno, Juliana. "The Immunocompromised Patient: AIDS." In Chest Imaging, 239–43. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199858064.003.0042.
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that results in decreased immunity and favors infectious or neoplastic conditions. The onset of clinical AIDS is defined by a CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mm3 or CD4 cells < 14% of all leukocytes in an HIV-positive patient, even in the absence of opportunistic infections. Imaging abnormalities in HIV(+) should be correlated with the CD4 count to narrow the differential diagnosis. Diffuse ground glass opacities (GGO) on CT in a patient with AIDS and hypoxemia, is virtually diagnostic of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). CT is indicated in HIV(+) patients with respiratory symptoms and normal chest radiographs. Suspect tuberculosis (TB) in patients with advanced AIDS and low CD4 counts presenting with consolidation and lymphadenopathy. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) may simulate cardiogenic pulmonary edema on imaging and should be suspected in patients without clinical evidence of edema.
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"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was the major cause of death among people with AIDS during the early years of the epidemic. The first clinical trials for aerosolized pentamidine (AP) as prophylaxis against PCP were sponsored not by the federal government but by two community-based organizations: New York’s Community Research Initiative (CRI) and San Francisco’s County Community Consortium (CCC)." In Encyclopedia of AIDS, 639–43. Routledge, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203305492-116.
Full textConference papers on the topic "AIDS; PCP"
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Lefrere, J. J., D. Vittecoq, D. Gozin, and J. Modai. "CIRCULATING ANTICOAGULANT IN AIDS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644859.
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The frequency of a circulating anticoagulant has been reported to be high in AIDS, in particular in case of Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia (Pep). Twenty-five non-hemophiliac patients (23 homosexual males,1 drug addict, 1 tranfused) with AIDS were followed over a six month period. Mean age was 32 (21-42). All patients had a markedly decreased T4/T8 ratio (mean 0.12), a low absolute T4 level (mean : 155/mm3), an elevated total serum immunoglobulins level.Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombintime and thrombin time were measured once a week during hospitalisation. A prolonged APTT (more than 10 seconds as compared to controls) with normal prothrombin time and thrombin time was found only once in 11patients and in two or more occasions in two others.No specific factor level of intrinsic pathway wasfound low enough to explain a prolonged APTT.Evidenceofcirculating anticoagulant (failure to correct aprolonged APTT by equal mixure of normal plasma and patient plasma) was found in all these 13 patients.Nothrombotic or haemorraghic manifestations occured.AIDS manifestations were 2 Pep.1 cytomegalovirus retinitis. 2 Kaposi's sarcomas, 1 Hodgkin's disease, 2 mycobacterium avium intracellulare pulmonary infection, 4 central nervous system toxoplasmosis, 1 Cryptococcus meningitis. Amongst the 12 patients with normal APTT,3_Pcp, 2 cytomegalovirus retinitis. 2 Kaposi's sarcomas, 2 central nervous system toxoplasmosis, 1 unexplained fever, and 2 oesophagus candidiasis were diagnosed. A transiently prolonged APTT associated to a circulating inhibitor seems to be common in AIDS. Weobserved this anomaly in 52 % (13/25). In our five cases of Pcp, 3 had normal APTT. During other opportunistic infections, the circulating inhibitor was found.The similar complications seen in two groups suggest that a circulating anticoagulant is not specifically associated to any opportunistic infection and any malignancybut appearr independently from these circumstances.
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Assis, Leonardo de Oliveira, and Danielli Carolina Brito Souza. "A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS BIOMARCADORES NO MANEJO DA AIDS." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Biotecnologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/793.
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Introdução: Os biomarcadores são extremamente importantes devido à alta sensibilidade e especificidade em determinar alterações fisiopatológicas em sistemas biológicos humanos. Uma série de estudos com proteínas virais vêm sendo conduzidos de forma a aplicar os já tradicionais bem como os mais recentes marcadores descobertos a fim de possibilitar um manejo mais humanizado de pessoas vivendo com HIV. Objetivo: Desenvolver uma análise crítica entre os pontos de vista dos autores sobre a importância dos biomarcadores no manejo da síndrome da imunodeficiência humana adquirida. Material e métodos: A metodologia selecionada para o cumprimento do objetivo foi a revisão sistemática da literatura. Os artigos foram selecionados de 2016 a 2021 por meio de busca on-line nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane e Lilacs, partindo de consulta à Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Os termos “mesh” utilizados para pesquisa dos estudos foram: biomarcadores, HIV, AIDS e tratamento. Resultados: A partir da busca realizada nas bases de dados foram selecionadas 11 publicações para compor o estudo. É importante citar que o DNA total do HIV-1, mensurado por PCR em tempo real, trata-se do marcador mais empregado além de ser capaz de dimensionar todas as formas de HIVDNA. Outros marcadores de aplicação clínica importantes são moléculas de ponto de controle imunológico, níveis elevados de replicação do HIV no líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR), biomarcadores de integridade intestinal (iFABP e zonulina), carbonil e imunoglobulina G por meio de coleta de saliva. Conclusão: Os desfechos alcançados neste estudo evidenciam que o DNA total do HIV tem grande importância clínica como marcador de reservatórios do HIV e que seu índice apresenta relação com a persistência do quadro infeccioso. Trata-se também de um biomarcador complementar promissor para averiguar a eficácia de terapêuticas antirretrovirais e novas estratégias com o intuito de diminuir ou extinguir os reservatórios celulares de HIV.
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Xie, Yuchan. "The Realization of Target 3d Pose Algorithm Based on P3P." In AICS 2019: 2019 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3349341.3349377.
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Goldberg, Mitchell D., Lihang Zhou, Walter W. Wolf, Chris Barnet, and Murty G. Divakarla. "Applications of principal component analysis (PCA) on AIRS data." In Multispectral and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Instruments and Applications II. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.578939.
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Bamatraf, Saeed, Hatim Aboalsamh, Muhammad Hussain, Hassan Mathkour, Emad-Ul-Haq Qazi, Aamir Malik, and Hafeezullah Amin. "Studying the Effects of 2D and 3D Educational Contents on Memory Recall Using EEG Signals, PCA and Statistical Features." In 2014 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Modelling & Simulation (AIMS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aims.2014.59.
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Martinez Lozano, Jorge Alberto, Ediberto Cruz Torres, Nadia Maoly Hernandez Castro, Jorge Alberto Coronel Avila, Tim Soltys, and Gustavo Andres Ariza Gonzalez. "Sand Handling Solutions Through the Use of Low Geometric Index Progressing Cavity Pumps, La Hocha Field, Colombia." In SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200899-ms.
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Abstract A solution for extend run life with no intervention in a high sand cut and high viscous fluid application for La Hocha field (Huila, Colombia) is presented through the installation of Progressing Cavity Pumps (PCP) designed with aggressive geometries including low rotor swept angle and minimum geometry index concepts. This application has 100-300 BFPD flow rate, sand cut up to 40%, 16°API fluid and 850 cp @ 100°F. This document shows the methodology applied in the selection of well candidates with high frequency of interventions due pump failures associated to sand production and well sanded. The effect of the PCP geometry design, cross sectional area, pitch length, helix angle, pump fit, and elastomer were evaluated consistently as selection criteria in order to verify their impact on PCP run life for sand production applications. The document aims to validate the PCP theoretical design principles with the statistic and results gathered from field during the past 3 years in La Hocha field application. The "Fat Boy project" resulted in less intervention, well services, minimizing production delays and associated costs. The project started on mid-2012, due to successful results has been expanded and nowadays represents the 85 percent of the wells in La Hocha field. This is all part of a combined effort looking for reliable and cost-effective solutions for challenging applications. Progressing Cavity Pumps are used in a variety of oil and gas applications where their beneficial characteristics such as positive displacement, high efficiency, low internal shear rates and pulseless flow provide advantages over other artificial lift systems. PC pumps are available in several geometries which determine their suitability for specific applications assuring optimal performance and extended run life.
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Zhao, Tao, Dan Lee, Kasra Farahani, and Philip Cooper. "Advanced Numerical Simulation to Meet Design Challenges of XHPHT Metallurgically Clad PIP Platform Riser." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49679.
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Pipe-in-pipe (PIP) systems are proposed for platform risers subjected to extra high pressure high temperature (XHPHT) shut-in condition, to meet the flow assurance and stringent strength and thermal criteria, and to mitigate design issues associated with wet insulation application. To further satisfy the corrosive fluid environments, the inner pipe of the PIP system is metallurgically clad with a Corrosion Resistant Alloy (CRA). These complex design challenges require advanced numerical simulation to correctly capture the complex PIP behaviour and clad-pipe effects in order to avoid overly conservative design, and to provide a robust and optimised solution. The equivalence of CRA clad pipe was investigated and analytically deduced, especially on the thermal expansion behaviour under the XHPHT environments. An advanced numerical simulation based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was subsequently carried out. A systematic family of FE models was developed to meet the design complexity, namely: global PIP platform riser model to capture the global behaviour, local PIP centraliser model to address contact behaviour, local bulkhead design model for PIP bulkhead design and optimisation, local girth weld model to address mismatches (high-low misalignment, thickness and material strength). In addition, a modal analysis was conducted based on a PIP model to ensure that the analysis accounts for centralisers, pre-stress and deformation effects. The eigenvalue computing is then used for free span analysis. Due to lack of limit state design codes for pipe bends and the fact that the allowable stress criteria can be overly conservative, a bend collapse capacity deduced from FEA was applied in accordance with DNV local buckling criteria. The analysis procedures developed are outlined and a XHPHT PIP platform riser design is presented. This paper aims to provide a robust solution to aid design by the application of advanced numerical simulation.
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Ali, Karim, Issam Aib, and Raouf Boutaba. "P2P-AIS: A P2P Artificial Immune Systems architecture for detecting DDoS flooding attacks." In 2009 Global Information Infrastructure Symposium (GIIS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/giis.2009.5307053.
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Siva Baala Sundaram, Divaakar, Anjani Muthyala, Rogith Balasubramani, Suganti Shivaram, Susan Karki, and Shivaram Poigai Arunachalam. "Profiling Multiscale Frequency State of Normal Phonocardiogram: Feasibility Study." In 2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2019-3301.
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Phonocardiogram (PCG) signals contain very important information regarding the heart condition. Recently, several automatic detection algorithms have been explored to profile the characteristics of heart sounds to aid in disease diagnosis. However, many of these methods has been demonstrated only on clean signals with limited test data and variety of PCG signals that can accurately provide information of diagnostic importance with higher sensitivity and specificity. In this work, we propose to characterize the multiscale frequency state of the normal PCG signals that can aid in accurate profiling of PCG to discriminate from pathological conditions.
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Syafrudin, Muhammad, Ganjar Alfian, Norma Latif Fitriyani, Abdul Hafidh Sidiq, Tjahjanto Tjahjanto, and Jongtae Rhee. "Improving Efficiency of Self-care Classification Using PCA and Decision Tree Algorithm." In 2020 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasa51403.2020.9317243.
Full textReports on the topic "AIDS; PCP"
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Sampson, C. R., R. J. Miller, R. A. Kreitner, and T. L. Tsui. Tropical Cyclone Track Objective Aids for the Microcomputer: PCLM, XTRP, PCHP. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada230851.
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Fahr, Sven, Daniel Tschopp, Jan Erik Nielsen, Korbinian Kramer, and Philip Ohnewein. Review of In Situ Test Methods for Solar Collectors and Solar Collector Arrays. IEA SHC Task 55, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2020-0014.
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This fact sheet presents three in situ test methods for solar collectors and solar collector arrays, namely In situ Collector Certification (ICC), Performance Check for Collector Arrays (PC) and Dynamic Collector Array Test (D-CAT). A comparison is made regarding their scopes and use cases, methodologies and outcomes, which could serve as a decision-making aid for stakeholders in selecting the procedure that best suits their needs. The analysis shows that the methods do not contradict, but rather complement each other.