Journal articles on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) – Treatment'
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1
Kinney, Evlin L., Jean-Jacques Monsuez, Michel Kitzis, and Daniel Vittecoq. "Treatment of AIDS-Associated Heart Disease." Angiology 40, no. 11 (November 1989): 970–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000331978904001106.
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Volberding, Paul. "Treatment of malignant disease in AIDS patients." AIDS 2 (1988): S169–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-198800001-00025.
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Silva, Cristiana J., and Delfim F. M. Torres. "Modeling TB-HIV Syndemic and Treatment." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/248407.
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Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be considered a deadly human syndemic. In this paper, we formulate a model for TB and HIV transmission dynamics. The model considers both TB and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) treatment for individuals with only one of the two infectious diseases or both. The basic reproduction number and equilibrium points are determined and stability is analyzed. Through simulations, we show that TB treatment for individuals with only TB infection reduces the number of individuals that become coinfected with TB and HIV/AIDS and reduces the diseases (TB and AIDS) induced deaths. Analogously, the treatment of individuals with only AIDS also reduces the number of coinfected individuals. Further, TB treatment for coinfected individuals in the active and latent stage of TB disease implies a decrease of the number of individuals that passes from HIV-positive to AIDS.
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Richey, Lisa Ann. "Mobilizing for Global AIDS Treatment." Nordicom Review 33, Special-Issue (December 1, 2012): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2013-0023.
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Abstract Global communication about HIV/AIDS requires the creation of new communities that can bridge distances and distinctions of nationality, language, class, race, gendered-identities and other forms of local identification on a disease that is associated with the realm usually understood as private (sexuality). Global AIDS, characterized as ‘the disease of our time’, is responsible for spawning an entire industry devoted to the prevention, detection, treatment, and potential cure of HIV/AIDS. In terms of scale, this industry works primarily cross-nationally, with donors from the North funding programs for AIDS prevention and care in the South. Anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs), typically produced as generics by manufacturers in India or South Africa and purchased by aid funding, are central to global AIDS programs. Yet, mobilizing for global AIDS treatment embodies the logic of marketing, in which Africans with AIDS are sold as lives to be saved. This article will draw from international relations theory, sociology and anthropology to offer an interdisciplinary perspective on mobilizing communication globally.
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Navarro, Willis H., and Lawrence D. Kaplan. "AIDS-related lymphoproliferative disease." Blood 107, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-11-4278.
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Abstract Not long after the recognition of HIV as the causative agent of AIDS, it was evident that individuals infected with HIV developed lymphoma at a greater rate than the population at large. Approximately two thirds of AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) cases are categorized as diffuse large B-cell type, with Burkitt lymphomas comprising 25% and other histologies a much smaller proportion. Typically, these individuals have presented with advanced extranodal disease and CD4+ lymphocyte counts of less than 200/mm3. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated a better outcome with chemotherapy for ARL since the introduction of combination antiretroviral treatment, termed highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). For patients with relapses, solid evidence points to the safety and utility of hematopoietic-cell transplantation as a salvage modality. Coinfection with other viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus have led to the genesis of previously rare or unrecognized lymphoma subtypes such as plasmablastic and primary effusion lymphomas. The immunosuppressive impact of treatment for patients with ARL receiving chemotherapy with HAART appears transient and opportunistic infections have become less problematic than prior to HAART. Significant progress has been made in the understanding and management of ARL but outcomes still remain inferior compared to those achieved in HIV- individuals.
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Teklu, Shewafera Wondimagegnhu, and Koya Purnachandra Rao. "HIV/AIDS-Pneumonia Codynamics Model Analysis with Vaccination and Treatment." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (January 11, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3105734.
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In this paper, we proposed and analyzed a realistic compartmental mathematical model on the spread and control of HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic incorporating pneumonia vaccination and treatment for both infections at each infection stage in a population. The model exhibits six equilibriums: HIV/AIDS only disease-free, pneumonia only disease-free, HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic disease-free, HIV/AIDS only endemic, pneumonia only endemic, and HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic endemic equilibriums. The HIV/AIDS only submodel has a globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium if R 1 < 1 . Using center manifold theory, we have verified that both the pneumonia only submodel and the HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic model undergo backward bifurcations whenever R 2 < 1 and R 3 = max R 1 , R 2 < 1 , respectively. Thus, for pneumonia infection and HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfection, the requirement of the basic reproduction numbers to be less than one, even though necessary, may not be sufficient to completely eliminate the disease. Our sensitivity analysis results demonstrate that the pneumonia disease transmission rate β 2 and the HIV/AIDS transmission rate β 1 play an important role to change the qualitative dynamics of HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection. The pneumonia infection transmission rate β 2 gives rises to the possibility of backward bifurcation for HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection if R 3 = max R 1 , R 2 < 1 , and hence, the existence of multiple endemic equilibria some of which are stable and others are unstable. Using standard data from different literatures, our results show that the complete HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection model reproduction number is R 3 = max R 1 , R 2 = max 1.386 , 9.69 = 9.69 at β 1 = 2 and β 2 = 0.2 which shows that the disease spreads throughout the community. Finally, our numerical simulations show that pneumonia vaccination and treatment against disease have the effect of decreasing pneumonia and coepidemic disease expansion and reducing the progression rate of HIV infection to the AIDS stage.
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Wu, Bowei. "A comprehensive journey through AIDS: History, development, and treatment." Theoretical and Natural Science 16, no. 1 (December 4, 2023): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/16/20240538.
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease that attacks the human immune system. From its first discovery to modern investigations about this disease and the viruses that cause it, AIDS went through the process of being viewed as deadly and mysterious to controllable and preventable. By studying the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and discovering the route of transmission of AIDS, the danger of this disease is gradually controlled by pills and therapies. The HIV life cycle has been uncoded and people found ways to target the specific steps to hinder HIV replication. Antiretroviral therapies are invented and gradually perfected to control the infection of AIDS. Nevertheless, a specific cure and any form of vaccine for AIDS has still not been found by humans. Several modern cases exhibited possible solutions to HIV infection while bringing more controversies and investigations. This review summarized the history and development of AIDS studies and its treatment, to possible future methods that could completely cure this disease.
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Vinod Kumar and Dr Om Shiv Pandey. "Biological Diseases and Harmonious and Emotional Treatment in the Service of Humanity." Creative Launcher 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2020.5.2.15.
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Mahesh Dattani was among the few Indians who attempted to write plays in English during the post-independence period. His dramatic creations encouraged a new creative motivation for theatre aspirants who later exploited the nuances of the several Indian varieties of English on the stage. Dattani’s theatre group Playpen was formed in 1984 and he has directed several plays ranging from classical Greek to contemporary works. He wrote plays on new themes about body-that is not love but disease, a diseased body and mind. Crime, communal disharmony, misbehavior towards serious disease personalities and violence too find place in his plays. But he is not always looking at the dark aspect of life. His themes have variety and what's more important is that they are innovative. He is very serious in dealing with diseases like AIDS, cancer and disability openly. In the plays Ek Alag Mausam, Tara, and Brief Candle Dattani says that the same body which is the object of sexual desire is also subject to decay through disease and disability, Dattani seems to have considered. That is why he has written plays on diseases like AIDS, cancer and has shown the debilitation of human body by physical disability. In Ek Alag Mausam he deals with a biological disease, AIDS, and presents harmonious and emotional treatment in the service of humanity.
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Mönkemüller, Klaus E., and C. Mel Wilcox. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Colonic Disease in AIDS." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 8, no. 4 (October 1998): 889–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-5157(18)30238-1.
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Lawrence, Janet S. St, and Michael R. Kauth. "AIDS phobia: Disease patterns and possibilities of treatment." Clinical Psychology Review 10, no. 5 (January 1990): 607–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(90)90101-f.
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Chen, Yuehong, Jianhong Sun, Huan Liu, Geng Yin, and Qibing Xie. "Immunotherapy Deriving from CAR-T Cell Treatment in Autoimmune Diseases." Journal of Immunology Research 2019 (December 31, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5727516.
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Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells are T cells engineered to express specific synthetic antigen receptors that can recognize antigens expressed by tumor cells, which after the binding of these antigens to the receptors are eliminated, and have been adopted to treat several kinds of malignancies. Autoimmune diseases (AIDs), a class of chronic disease conditions, can be broadly separated into autoantibody-mediated and T cell-mediated diseases. Treatments for AIDs are focused on restoring immune tolerance. However, current treatments have little effect on immune tolerance inverse; even the molecular target biologics like anti-TNFα inhibitors can only mildly restore immune balance. By using the idea of CAR-T cell treatment in tumors, CAR-T cell-derived immunotherapies, chimeric autoantibody receptor T (CAAR-T) cells, and CAR regulatory T (CAR-T) cells bring new hope of treatment choice for AIDs.
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Fukuga, Nahari. "Research on AIDS Prevention and Treatment." Theoretical and Natural Science 3, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/3/20220452.
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This syndrome is a sexually transmitted disease that caused millions of lives lost in the last century. This disease was notorious for its incurability. This paper introduces and analyzes the prevention and treatment of AIDS. To conclude, there are four types of symptoms, namely the regular symptoms, respiratory symptoms, nervous system symptoms, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The treatments for AIDS include the antiviral therapy, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), integrase inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, GP 120 attachment inhibitors, CCR5 antagonists, and post-attachment inhibitor or monoclonal antibody. The incurability of the syndrome still has to be solved since all of the treatments can only be used to prolong the patients lives.
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Shulyk, Mykola, Nataliia Shulha, Nataliia Oblovatska, Hanna Andrusiak, and Nelli Pobiianska. "State policy and legal provision of socially hazardous diseases in Ukraine: the case of HIV/AIDS analyzed from bioethical, medical, and legal perspectives." Revista Amazonia Investiga 12, no. 65 (June 30, 2023): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2023.65.05.26.
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This article analyzes the legal and policy aspects related to HIV/AIDS in Ukraine from bioethical, medical, and legal perspectives. The objective of this study is to examine the adequacy of existing policies and legal provisions to address socially hazardous diseases such as HIV/AIDS in the country. The methodology employed includes a review of existing literature and legal documents related to HIV/AIDS. The findings suggest that although Ukraine has made significant progress in tackling HIV/AIDS, there are still significant gaps in the legal and policy framework regarding the disease. These gaps include a lack of comprehensive legislation and policies, inadequate funding for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS, and stigma and discrimination against those living with the disease. Overall, this study highlights the urgent need for a more holistic approach to address HIV/AIDS in Ukraine, including strengthening the legal and policy framework, increasing funding for prevention and treatment programs, and addressing the societal stigma and discrimination associated with the disease.
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Valenti, William M. "Update on AIDS." Infection Control 6, no. 2 (February 1985): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700062664.
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Recent advances in our knowledge of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) could have a major impact on practitioners in both infection control and employee health. The discovery that a retrovirus, the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-III) is the cause of AIDS could be used to help health care workers better understand this disease. Those of us who are trying to provide our employees with up-to-date information on AIDS should use this new information to help employees understand the nature of the disease, its transmissibility and non-transmissibility. Now that the disease can be linked to a specific agent, employees may find AIDS to be much less mysterious. The retrovirus link is a major step forward in understanding this disease and may eventually lead to more effective treatment and possibly a vaccine. Our knowledge continues to evolve in much the same way as our understanding of Legionnaires' Disease and Toxic Shock Syndrome.The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was discussed extensively at recent infectious diseases meetings in Washington, D.C. The results of original research conducted by investigators at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Pasteur Institute in Paris, and medical centers throughout the world were presented at the meetings. A number of issues have been clarified and the pieces of the puzzle are starting to come together.
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Mohata, Nehal Nareshkumar, Saud Gafur Deshmukh, Sudhir Sudhakar Pendke, Akshay Rajeshwar Padgilwar, and Sunil Devrao Dokhale. "Ocular manifestation in human immunodeficiency virus patients presenting to tertiary eye care centre in rural area." Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2021.071.
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The ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS may lead to visual impairment or blindness. The need of hour is an understating of ocular sequelae of HIV infection leading to an early diagnosis of AIDS so that we can start early and effective treatment as per conditions.1. To study the prevalence of ocular manifestations in HIV patients; 2. To study relation of CD4 T Cell count with ocular diseases. The study concluded that HIV/AIDS is a significant cause of ocular disease. Almost around 39% patients having HIV/AIDS have eye disease. HIV Retinopathy is most common in posterior segment and lens involvement is most common in anterior segment manifestations. Usually, early presentation of ocular manifestations in HIV/AIDS patients is asymptomatic or with very less symptoms, which leads to delay in diagnosis and treatment.
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Xiao, Peini. "The Impact of CRISPR and Cas9 on AIDS." Theoretical and Natural Science 4, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/4/20220662.
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AIDS is a chronic infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the current treatment for the disease is a combination of highly effective antiretroviral therapy, consisting of a combination of at least three of these drugs to combat HIV infection. However, this therapy only inhibits HIV replication, but does not completely eliminate the virus. Once antiretroviral treatment is interrupted, the patient's disease is prone to relapse. Therefore we need gene editing, which is the process of modifying, adding, deleting and replacing information in the body's DNA in order to modify diseases caused by genetic mutations, which can only be controlled by drugs. It is hoped that in the near future, gene editing technology will revolutionise the treatment of cancer and genetic diseases, thanks to the work of scientists.
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Bonacini, Maurizio, and Loren A. Laine. "Esophageal Disease in Patients with AIDS: Diagnosis and Treatment." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 8, no. 4 (October 1998): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-5157(18)30233-2.
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Holtgrave, David R. "Causes of the decline in AIDS deaths, United States, 1995–2002: prevention, treatment or both?" International Journal of STD & AIDS 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646205774988109.
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The decline in AIDS deaths in the USA between 1995 and 2002 has been attributed by Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to HIV treatments advances. The purpose of the present study is to assess whether this AIDS deaths decline was due entirely to treatment advances, to earlier prevention successes, or a combination of both. Secondarily, we quantitatively estimate the number of AIDS deaths averted (or delayed) by treatment advances over and above prevention effects. The study employed scenario analysis to address the research questions. To answer the primary research question, we examined whether three key predictions derived from the shape and peak of the HIV incidence curve in the USA (and the natural history of HIV disease in the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART]) about the shape and peak of the AIDS deaths curve were upheld (e.g., one prediction was that the peak of the AIDS deaths curve should occur 10–12 years after the peak of the HIV incidence curve). To the extent that these predictions are supported, there is evidence that earlier HIV prevention efforts impacted the number of AIDS deaths later in the epidemic. To answer the second research question, the observed annual AIDS deaths curve (1995–2002) was compared with three estimated AIDS deaths curves that may have occurred had HAART never became available. Three estimations were employed to reflect a range of assumptions about the lag between the flattening of HIV incidence in the USA and the flattening of AIDS deaths (i.e., 10, 11 or 12 years). For any one of the three-scenario analyses, the quantitative area between the 'observed' and 'estimated' AIDS deaths curves provide an estimate of the number of AIDS deaths averted by HIV/AIDS treatments. The three predictions from the HIV incidence curve (and the pre-HAART natural history of HIV disease) for determining the shape and peak of the AIDS deaths curve were supported thereby indicating the influence of past prevention efforts on recent AIDS deaths. However, the observed decline in AIDS deaths was more precipitous than predicted (indicating the influence of treatment advances). The scenario analyses indicated that between 33,480 and 41,784 AIDS deaths were averted (or delayed) between 1995 and 2002 as a function of treatment. That is, approximately, 206,037 AIDS deaths occurred between 1995 and 2002 (in the HAART era), but between 239,517 and 247,821 likely would have occurred without the advent of HAART. We conclude that both past prevention and current treatment services have lead to the AIDS deaths decline in the USA, and that HAART has averted between 33,480 and 41,784 AIDS deaths in the USA between 1995 and 2002 over and above the effects of early prevention efforts.
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Liu, Helong, and Lianbing Li. "A Class Age-Structured HIV/AIDS Model with Impulsive Drug-Treatment Strategy." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2010 (2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/758745.
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We formulate an HIV/AIDS transmission model that considers the dependence of HIV/AIDS progress on infection age (the time since infection), disease age (the time elapsed since the onset), and impulsive antiretroviral treatment. Since no effective vaccine is available for HIV/AIDS, our impulsive disease-control strategy is targeted at infected individuals (I control). Thus the model only includes infective class and AIDS class: infected population is the state at birth, and AIDS population is not the state at birth. Assuming the theoretical strategy can provide HIV testing for risk population groups every years and immediate antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive people. The action is approximated by impulsive differential equations. We demonstrate the effect of the impulsive drug treatment and show that there exists a globally stable infection-free state when the impulsive period and drug-treatment proportion satisfy . This result shows that the prevention effects can drive HIV/AIDS epidemic towards to elimination.
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Guo, Ye, Pan-Pan Zhou, Sen-Yan Zhang, Xiao-Wen Fan, Yu-Wei Dou, and Xuan-Ling Shi. "Generation of a long-acting fusion inhibitor against HIV-1." MedChemComm 9, no. 7 (2018): 1226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8md00124c.
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Perelman, Julian, Joana Alves, Ana Cláudia Miranda, Céu Mateus, Kamal Mansinho, Francisco Antunes, Joaquim Oliveira, et al. "Direct treatment costs of HIV/AIDS in Portugal." Revista de Saúde Pública 47, no. 5 (October 2013): 865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910.2013047004598.
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OBJECTIVE To analyze the direct medical costs of HIV/AIDS in Portugal from the perspective of the National Health Service. METHODS A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted for 150 patients from five specialized centers in Portugal in 2008. Data on utilization of medical resources during 12 months and patients’ characteristics were collected. A unit cost was applied to each care component using official sources and accounting data from National Health Service hospitals. RESULTS The average cost of treatment was 14,277 €/patient/year. The main cost-driver was antiretroviral treatment (€ 9,598), followed by hospitalization costs (€ 1,323). Treatment costs increased with the severity of disease from € 11,901 (> 500 CD4 cells/µl) to € 23,351 (CD4 count ≤ 50 cells/ µl). Cost progression was mainly due to the increase in hospitalization costs, while antiretroviral treatment costs remained stable over disease stages. CONCLUSIONS The high burden related to antiretroviral treatment is counterbalanced by relatively low hospitalization costs, which, however, increase with severity of disease. The relatively modest progression of total costs highlights that alternative public health strategies that do not affect transmission of disease may only have a limited impact on expenditure, since treatment costs are largely dominated by constant antiretroviral treatment costs.
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Kohan, Darius, Stephen G. Rothstein, and Noel L. Cohen. "Otologic Disease in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 97, no. 6 (November 1988): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948809700611.
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A 5-year retrospective study evaluating otologic disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was conducted at the New York University Medical Center-Bellevue Hospital Center. Twenty-six patients with documented otologic disease who met the Centers for Disease Control criteria for AIDS were identified and their charts were analyzed according to presenting complaints, physical examination, diagnostic modalities, pathologic condition, management, and outcome. A marked diversity of otologic diseases of varying severity was noted. The majority of patients complained of hearing loss and otalgia during their hospitalization for treatment of AIDS-related opportunistic infections. The most frequent diagnoses were otitis externa, acute otitis media, and otitis media with effusion. Sensorineural hearing loss frequently appeared to be related to ototoxic medications and neurologic infections.
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McGrath, Betty J., and Cheryl L. Newman. "Genital Herpes Simplex Infections in Patients With the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 14, no. 5 (September 10, 1994): 529–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1994.tb02850.x.
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On August 14, 1987, the Centers for Disease Control revised the surveillance case definition for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to include several indicator diseases. The addition of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections to the definition reemphasized the increasing frequency of severe HSV infections in patients also infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These infections in patients with AIDS are associated with considerable morbidity similar to reports of HSV in other immunocompromised populations. Their spectrum can include persistent or recurrent genital disease, severe visceral involvement, and disseminated infection. Patients with AIDS also are at increased risk of drug toxicities when receiving treatment for HSV infections in addition to antiretroviral therapy. Acyclovir, a selective and specific inhibitor of HSV replication, has been the mainstay of safe and effective treatment for HSV for more than a decade. However, reports of acyclovir‐resistant strains of HSV in patients with AIDS have been steadily increasing since 1989. Although foscarnet has been successful in treating acyclovir‐resistant strains, foscarnet‐resistant strains have also been isolated. The search to find novel approaches for the treatment and suppression of HSV in patients with AIDS has become an added challenge in the management of this devastating disease.
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Mishra, Nidhi. "Interventions to cope with AIDS." Humanities and Development 17, no. 2 (December 8, 2022): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.61410/had.v17i2.83.
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AIDS means Acquired Immune Deficiency syndrome. AIDS When the immune system of the person become very weak and it cannot fight infection and the person succumbs to common diseases. It is an infectious disease that is caused by a virus (HIV) and is spread through the shared contact of blood and semen. AIDS is said to be caused by variety of factors including behavioural factor such as drug and alcohol abuse, unsafe sexual practices. Treatment of AIDS consists typically of medical, psychosocial interventions.
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Mbitila, Augustine S., and Jean M. Tchuenche. "HIV/AIDS Model with Early Detection and Treatment." ISRN Applied Mathematics 2012 (April 1, 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/185939.
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A classical epidemiological framework is used to qualitatively assess the impact of early detection and treatment on the dynamics of HIV/AIDS. Within this theoretical framework, two classes of infected populations: those infected but unaware of their serological status and those who are aware of their disease status, are considered. In this context, we formulate and analyze a deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS and assess the potential population-level impact of early detection in curtailing the epidemic. A critical threshold parameter for which case detection will have a positive impact is derived. Model parameters sensitivity analysis indicates that the number of partners is the most sensitive (in increasing the average number of secondary transmission) parameter. However, the case detection coverage is the main drivers in reducing the initial disease transmission. Numerical simulations of the model are provided to support the analytical results. Early detection and treatment alone are insufficient to eliminate the disease, and other control strategies are to be explored.
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Maniscalco, Valerio, Sarah Abu-Rumeileh, Maria Vincenza Mastrolia, Edoardo Marrani, Ilaria Maccora, Ilaria Pagnini, and Gabriele Simonini. "The off-label use of anakinra in pediatric systemic autoinflammatory diseases." Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 12 (January 2020): 1759720X2095957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720x20959575.
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Interleukin 1 (IL-1), a central mediator of innate immunity, is considered a master cytokine of local and systemic inflammation. IL-1 has emerged as pivotal in the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs), and blockade of its pathway has become a crucial target for therapy. Anakinra (ANA), a recombinant IL-1β receptor antagonist, was the first anti-IL-1 agent employed in clinical practice. ANA is currently approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, adult-onset Still’s disease, and cryopyrin-associated autoinflammatory syndrome. It has also been successfully used for off-label treatment of various monogenic, polygenic, or undefined etiology systemic AIDs. This review describes currently available evidence for the off-label use of ANA in pediatric rheumatologic diseases. Specifically, the use of ANA in Kawasaki disease, idiopathic recurrent pericarditis, Behçet disease, monogenic AIDs, undifferentiated AIDs, chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis, macrophage activation syndrome, and febrile infection-related epilepsy, in terms of its safety and efficacy. In selected pediatric rheumatic disorders, the off-label administration of ANA appears to be effective and safe. In order to control severe and/or relapsing disease, ANA should be considered as a valuable treatment option in children suffering from rare inflammatory diseases. However, currently available data consist of retrospective studies and short case series; thus, randomized controlled trials and larger series with long-term follow up are mandatory to better assess the efficacy and cost effectiveness of ANA in these challenging patients.
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Barbosa da Silva, Emerson, Carolina Silva Matheus, Camila dos Santos Chagas, Daniela Rodrigues Pereira, and Anita de Carvalho Garcias. "Use of Dolutegravir in Hiv Treatment." Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology Research 5, no. 6 (April 26, 2022): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-7247/077.
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The present work deals with the theme of the use of the retroviral Dolutegravir in the fight against the HIV virus, aiming to present the pharmacological aspects of the drug. The thematic focus was guided by two major interconnected questions: a) how has the evolution of the disease occurred in Brazil and which policies have been adopted in the fight against HIV/AIDS; b) how is Dolutegravir being used to face this epidemic? The methodological procedures adopted were the research of some normative documents and materials considered of reference in the area. As a result, it was evidenced that because it is a drug that had its use approved in August/2013 by the FDA in the USA and by the European Commission in January/2014, Dolutegravir presents itself as a new efficient pharmacological option for the treatment/coping of HIV/AIDS in the country, incorporated in 2017 to the ministry of health to minimize infection in patients with cross-resistance to other drugs used.
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Oliveira, Jacqueline Ferreira de, Dirceu Bartolomeu Greco, Guilherme Correa Oliveira, Paulo Pereira Christo, Mark Drew Crosland Guimarães, and Rodrigo Corrêa Oliveira. "Neurological disease in HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral treatment: a Brazilian experience." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 39, no. 2 (April 2006): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822006000200002.
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To study characteristics of neurological disorders in HIV/AIDS patients and their relationship to highly active antiretroviral treatment, a cross-sectional study was conducted in an infectious disease public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, between February 1999 and March 2000. Of the 417 patients enrolled, neurological disease was observed in 194 (46.5%) and a new AIDS-defining neurological event developed in 23.7% of individuals. Toxoplasmosis (42.3%), cryptococcosis meningitis (12.9%) and tuberculosis (10.8%) were the most common causes of neurological complications. The majority (79.3%) of patients were on highly active antiretroviral treatment and these individuals using HAART showed higher CD4 cell counts (p = 0.014) and presented stable neurological disease (p= 0.0001), although no difference was found with respect to the profile of neurological complications. The neurological diseases continue to be a frequent complication of HIV/AIDS and infections are still its main causes in Brazil, even in the highly active antiretroviral treatment era.
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Bettiol, Alessandra, Giuseppe Lopalco, Giacomo Emmi, Luca Cantarini, Maria Letizia Urban, Antonio Vitale, Nunzio Denora, et al. "Unveiling the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Anti-Interleukin-1 Treatment in Monogenic and Multifactorial Autoinflammatory Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 8 (April 17, 2019): 1898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081898.
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Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are heterogeneous disorders characterized by dysregulation in the inflammasome, a large intracellular multiprotein platform, leading to overproduction of interleukin-1(IL-1)β that plays a predominant pathogenic role in such diseases. Appropriate treatment is crucial, also considering that AIDs may persist into adulthood with negative consequences on patients’ quality of life. IL-1β blockade results in a sustained reduction of disease severity in most AIDs. A growing experience with the human IL-1 receptor antagonist, Anakinra (ANA), and the monoclonal anti IL-1β antibody, Canakinumab (CANA), has also been engendered, highlighting their efficacy upon protean clinical manifestations of AIDs. Safety and tolerability have been confirmed by several clinical trials and observational studies on both large and small cohorts of AID patients. The same treatment has been proposed in refractory Kawasaki disease, an acute inflammatory vasculitis occurring in children before 5 years, which has been postulated to be autoinflammatory for its phenotypical and immunological similarity with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Nevertheless, minor concerns about IL-1 antagonists have been raised regarding their employment in children, and the development of novel pharmacological formulations is aimed at minimizing side effects that may affect adherence to treatment. The present review summarizes current findings on the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ANA and CANA for treatment of AIDs and Kawasaki vasculitis with a specific focus on the pediatric setting.
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Exposto, Levi Anatolia S. M., Cleofas da Costa Seixas, Leonardo Ximenes, and Cesaltino Maria Pires. "Efforts in Preventing and Curing HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review." Interdisciplinary Social Studies 1, no. 3 (December 20, 2021): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/iss.v1i3.54.
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Background: HIV/AIDS disease is a disease that continues to grow and become a global problem that hit the world. HIV/AIDS is a public health problem that requires serious attention. AIDS is declared a deadly disease because it has a Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 100% within 5 years means within 5 years after the patient is declared to have AIDS on average will die. Aim: Therefore, the purpose of writing systematic review is to know the effective prevention and treatment of HIV / AIDS for HIV. Method: The entire extracted article is taken from several sources namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, Emerald Insight, DOAJ. Furthermore, screening of titles, abstracts and selection of content or content according to inclusion and exclusion is obtained 10 articles that are further analyzed. Findings: Effective efforts to prevent yourself from HIV/AIDS infection are: Abstinance, befaithful, Condom, Drug and Education. Treatment of HIV/AIDS with the ARV method is considered effective in HIV/AIDS treatment. Antiretroviral therapy treats HIV infection with several medications. ARVs do not kill the virus but are able to slow the rate of growth of the virus, as well as HIV disease and improve health status, quality of life for HIV, decrease hospitalization due to HIV, reduce AIDS-related deaths, reduce mother to child transmission (MTCT) or what we know as mother-to-baby transmission and also provide new hope for people with HIV / AIDS to be able to live longer.
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Yong Lu, Da, Hong Ying Wu, and Ting Ren Lu. "HIV/AIDS treatment, therapeutic strategy break throughs." Hospice & Palliative Medicine International Journal 4, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/hpmij.2020.04.00182.
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HIV/AIDS is currently an incurable viral infectious disease characterized with life-long drug utility. To overcome this therapeutic setback, fatal pathological processes and different therapeutic mechanisms must be explored in broader-range and greater dimension. In this Article, the major types of global HIV/AIDS therapeutic strategies (pharmaceutical modification, herbal medicine, novel drug targets, drug combination modality, animal models, palliative medicine, immune-stimulate for HIV latency as well as HIV clearance by biological-based therapy) are especially highlighted. After novel pathologic identifications and therapeutic evolution, HIV/AIDS therapeutic curability will be translated from animal model unto larger human population. In this biomedical scenario, major breakthroughs are looked forward.
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Johnston, B. B. "Book Review: AIDS Phobia — Disease Pattern and Possibilities of Treatment." Scottish Medical Journal 34, no. 4 (August 1989): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693308903400415.
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No authorship indicated. "Review of AIDS Phobia: Disease Patterns and Possibilities of Treatment." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 34, no. 10 (October 1989): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/030707.
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Maclean, Hunter, and Baljean Dhillon. "Cytomegalovirus Retinitis: Diagnosis and Treatment." International Journal of STD & AIDS 4, no. 6 (November 1993): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249300400603.
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a non-pathogenic organism in the immunocompetent, but is a major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst patients with AIDS, and the retina is the commonest site of infection1. If left untreated, patients with CMVR will develop disease in their second eye and ultimately become blind2. However, with correct diagnosis and treatment useful vision can be maintained in the majority of cases. Fifteen to 20% of patients with AIDS will contract cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR)3−7 and this may be the AIDS-defining diagnosis though more commonly it occurs months after the diagnosis of AIDS. Given the increasing number of HIV positive patients and their longer survival, it is likely that CMVR will become an increasingly prevalent condition. In these patients loss of sight from CMVR has devastating consequences in terms of loss of independence and quality of life and therefore ophthalmologists and physicians should be aware of the presenting characteristics of CMVR, be familiar with therapy and its complications, and be able to recognize relapsing infection.
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Utami, Wika Dianita, Ahmad Naufal Dzaky, and Aris Fanani. "OPTIMAL CONTROL ANALYSIS OF HIV/AIDS DISEASE SPREAD MODEL IN INDONESIA." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 18, no. 2 (May 25, 2024): 0707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol18iss2pp0707-0716.
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The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a contagious virus that weakens the immune system of infected individuals, making them more susceptible to various diseases. These individuals are referred to as those exposed to the AIDS disease, which unfortunately, cannot be cured. To effectively manage AIDS, prevention is crucial in slowing down the spread and growth of the HIV virus. Mathematical modeling can play a significant role in the optimal control of AIDS. In this study, the , , , , model with three different optimal controls were employed. Optimal control involves public health education campaigns, screening, and treatment. The goal is to minimize the number of individuals infected with HIV/AIDS using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. This principle considers various factors, such as population class coefficients, cost weights, and control variables to determine the most effective approach. The simulation results indicate that counseling control in the exposed population class ( ) yields better outcomes compared to counseling control in the susceptible class and treatment control in the HIV-infected population class. This implies that focusing on educating and counseling individuals who are exposed to HIV can be more efficient in AIDS control than targeting those already infected or at risk. By applying these optimal control strategies, it may be possible to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS and improve public health outcomes.
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Voshavar, Chandrashekhar. "Protease Inhibitors for the Treatment of HIV/AIDS: Recent Advances and Future Challenges." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 18 (October 9, 2019): 1571–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026619666190619115243.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic disease characterized by multiple life-threatening illnesses caused by a retro-virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV infection slowly destroys the immune system and increases the risk of various other infections and diseases. Although, there is no immediate cure for HIV infection/AIDS, several drugs targeting various cruxes of HIV infection are used to slow down the progress of the disease and to boost the immune system. One of the key therapeutic strategies is Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) or ' AIDS cocktail' in a general sense, which is a customized combination of anti-retroviral drugs designed to combat the HIV infection. Since HAART’s inception in 1995, this treatment was found to be effective in improving the life expectancy of HIV patients over two decades. Among various classes of HAART treatment regimen, Protease Inhibitors (PIs) are known to be widely used as a major component and found to be effective in treating HIV infection/AIDS. For the past several years, a variety of protease inhibitors have been reported. This review outlines the drug design strategies of PIs, chemical and pharmacological characteristics of some mechanism-based inhibitors, summarizes the recent developments in small molecule based drug discovery with HIV protease as a drug target. Further discussed are the pharmacology, PI drug resistance on HIV PR, adverse effects of HIV PIs and challenges/impediments in the successful application of HIV PIs as an important class of drugs in HAART regimen for the effective treatment of AIDS.
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Rani, Pratibha, Divya Jain, and Vinod Prakash Saxena. "Stability Analysis of HIV/AIDS Transmission with Treatment and Role of Female Sex Workers." International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 18, no. 6 (October 26, 2017): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns-2015-0147.
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AbstractThis paper concentrates on the role of prostitutes in HIV/AIDS disease transmission among common population. In this communication, a nonlinear Susceptible-Infected-Treated-AIDS infected (SITA) model is developed to study the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS infection in three different classes. The behavior of the model is analyzed by the basic reproduction number R0 and the results of the model are investigated by using stability theory of differential equations. Analysis of the model demonstrates that the disease-free equilibrium is locally stable for ${R_0}\, \lt \,1$ and at ${R_0} \gt \,1, \,$ the endemic equilibrium is globally stable. Further, numerical simulation of the model is carried out.
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Huo, Hai-Feng, and Rui Chen. "Stability of an HIV/AIDS Treatment Model with Different Stages." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/630503.
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An HIV/AIDS treatment model with different stages is proposed in this paper. The stage of the HIV infection is divided into two stages, that is, HIV-positive in the asymptomatic stage of HIV infection and HIV-positive individuals in the pre-AIDS stage. The fact that some individuals with HIV-positive individuals after the treatment can be transformed into the compartment of HIV-positive individuals in the asymptomatic stage of HIV infection, the compartment of HIV-positive individuals in the pre-AIDS stage, or the compartment of individuals with full-blown AIDS is also considered. Mathematical analyses establish the idea that the global dynamics of the HIV/AIDS model are determined by the basic reproduction numberR0. The disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable ifR0<1. The endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable ifR0>1for a special case. Numerical simulations are also conducted to support the analytic results.
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Twagirumukiza, Gratien, and Edouard Singirankabo. "Mathematical analysis of a delayed HIV/AIDS model with treatment and vertical transmission." Open Journal of Mathematical Sciences 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 128–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30538/oms2021.0151.
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None can underestimate the importance of mathematical modelling for their role in clarifying dynamics of epidemic diseases. They can project the progress of the disease and demonstrate the result of the epidemic to public health in order to take precautions. HIV attracts global attention due to rising death rates and economic burdens and many other consequences that it leaves behind. Up to date, there is no medicine and vaccine of HIV/AIDS but still many researches are conducted in order to see how to mitigate this epidemic and reduce the death rate or increase the life expectancy of those who are infected. A delayed HIV/AIDS treatment and vertical transmission model has been investigated. The model took into account both infected people from the symptomatics group and asymptomatic group to join AIDS group. We considered that a child can be infected from the mother to an embryo, fetus or childbirth. Those who are infected, it will take them some time to get mature and spread the disease. By using mathematical model, reproduction number, positivity, boundedness, and stability analysis were determined. The results showed that the model is much productive if time delay is considered.
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Teklu, Shewafera Wondimagegnhu, and Temesgen Tibebu Mekonnen. "HIV/AIDS-Pneumonia Coinfection Model with Treatment at Each Infection Stage: Mathematical Analysis and Numerical Simulation." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2021 (September 16, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5444605.
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In the paper, we have considered a nonlinear compartmental mathematical model that assesses the effect of treatment on the dynamics of HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection in a human population at different infection stages. Our model revealed that the disease-free equilibrium points of the HIV/AIDS and pneumonia submodels are both locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever the associated basic reproduction numbers ( R H and R P ) are less than unity. Both the submodel endemic equilibrium points are locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever the associated basic reproduction numbers ( R P and R H ) are greater than unity. The full HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfection model has both locally and globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium points whenever the basic reproduction number of the coinfection model R H P is less than unity. Using standard values of parameters collected from different kinds of literature, we found that the numerical values of the basic reproduction numbers of the HIV/AIDS-only submodel and pneumonia-only submodel are 17 and 7, respectively, and the basic reproduction number of the HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfection model is max 7 , 17 = 17 . Applying sensitive analysis, we identified the most influential parameters to change the behavior of the solution of the considered coinfection dynamical system are the HIV/AIDS and pneumonia transmission rates β 1 and β 2 , respectively. The coinfection model was numerically simulated to investigate the stability of the coinfection endemic equilibrium point, the impacts of transmission rates, and treatment strategies for HIV/AIDS-only, pneumonia-only, and HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfected individuals. Finally, we observed that numerical simulations indicate that treatment against infection at every stage lowers the rate of infection or disease prevalence.
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Coker, R. J., and D. M. Mitchell. "The Role of Bronchoscopy in Patients with HIV Disease." International Journal of STD & AIDS 5, no. 3 (May 1994): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249400500303.
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Pulmonary involvement is a frequent feature of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is still the commonest AIDS defining diagnosis despite the advent of effective prophylaxis and antiretroviral treatment. Other pulmonary manifestations of AIDS, including tuberculosis, may pose a greater problem in the future. The clinical manifestations of HIV-disease are many and varied, and changing as the disease is modified by therapeutic interventions. With specific and increasingly effective treatments the need for definitive diagnosis is obvious. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy is a well established tool for the diagnosis of HIV-related pulmonary complications. This article aims to give an account on the use of bronchoscopy in a unit providing care for many HIV seropositive patients.
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Spittle, Margaret F. "AIDS-Related Malignancies." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 89, no. 1 (January 1996): 35P—36P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107689608900110.
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The management of AIDS-related malignancies demands that the cancer must be treated in the context of patients already suffering from a fatal disease. Management must be problem-orientated. The standard cancer treatment of such a patient may not be appropriate in the AIDS setting. The AIDS related malignancies are Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) incuding primary cerebral lymphoma. Carcinoma of the cervix was recently added to this list, but has not been seen in this context in the UK.
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Khondker, Lubna. "Dermatological Manifestations of HIV/AIDS Patients." Journal of Enam Medical College 9, no. 3 (September 22, 2019): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v9i3.43249.
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Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/ AIDS) is a global pandemic. According to Global HIV & AIDS statistics 2018, approximately 36.9 million people are living with HIV globally, 77.3 million [59.9 million–100 million] people have become infected with HIV since the start of the epidemic, 35.4 million [25.0–49.9 million] people died from AIDS-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic and 940000 [670000–1.3 million] people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2017. It weakens a person’s immune system by destroying important cells that fight disease and infection. Dermatologic diseases are common in the HIV-infected population. Skin disease can be uniquely associated with HIV disease and many of the cutaneous diseases are not unique to this group, but the presentation can be more severe and recalcitrant to treatment. The spectrum of skin conditions includes skin findings associated with primary HIV infection and a broad range of skin problems related to the immune deficiency of advanced AIDS. Recognition of characteristic eruptions can facilitate early diagnosis of HIV. A broad variety of neoplastic, infectious and non-infectious diseases can manifest in the skin and may alert the clinician of declining of the immune system. This article reviews the current spectrum of HIV-associated skin conditions, focusing on common complaints, infections, drugassociated toxicity and malignancies based on recently published literature relevant to this area.
J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(3): 185-188
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Chauhan, Grishma, Jatin Chhaya, Sanidhya Karve, Ronak Kankrecha, and Dhruval Khurana. "Knowledge and awareness of AIDS among first year students of MBBS, BDS and BPT of Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University, Piparia- Vadodara." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 8 (July 23, 2018): 3435. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183076.
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Background: Catastrophic potential of the pandemic of AIDS may still not have been fully apprehended in 21st century, even though disease was exploded since 1981. Lack of public health awareness is only identifiable factor that is responsible for disastrous effect of HIV/AIDS. It is more even danger if future doctors unaware of diseases dynamics of HIV infection or AIDS diseases. So, the current study was planned to know level of awareness regarding of HIV/AIDS among medical and paramedical students of Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth University.Methods: Two hundred and eighty five students of Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth University were interviewed with the help of pre-designed questionnaire to know the awareness of HIV/AIDS among students.Results: The students were knowledgeable about causative agent and modality of diagnosis. However, only half of students were agreed with the fact that, the treatment is available for AIDS. On contrary, 24.60% students had wrong belief that the vaccine against HIV/AIDS is available. A very few number of students had the misconceptions about modes of transmission. Knowledge of prevention of HIV infection was good among students. Media and doctor/ health worker were the most frequently reported sources of information as reported by 56.49%% and 34.39% of the students respectively.Conclusions: The students had a satisfactory knowledge on many aspects of HIV/AIDS, but also along with some misconception about transmission of disease.
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Farooq, Fozia Bashir, Saima Parveen, Nadeem Ul Hassan Awan, and Rakotondrajao Fanja. "Topological Descriptors and QSPR Modelling of HIV/AIDS Disease Treatment Drugs." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2023 (November 25, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9963241.
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A topological index is a real number derived from the structure of a chemical graph. It helps determine the physicochemical and biological properties of a wide range of drugs, and it better reflects the theoretical properties of organic compounds. This is accomplished using degree-based topological indices. We examined some of the physiochemical characteristics of thirteen HIV therapy medications and created a QSPR model utilizing nine of the medication’s topological indices. The melting point, boiling point, flash point, complexity, surface tension, etc., of HIV medicines are closely related according to this QSPR model. This work can help to design and synthesize new HIV treatments and other disease drugs.
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Naureen, Irum, Aisha Saleem, Muhammad Naeem, Noor-e.-Maryam Bilal, Ghulam Mujtaba Hassan, Muhammad Shafiq, Mudassar Hussain, and Syed Roohullah. "Effect of Exercise and Obesity on Human Physiology." Scholars Bulletin 8, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sb.2022.v08i01.003.
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Physical activity and exercise on a regular basis can help you stay healthy, energetic, and independent as you age. Exercise is essential in preventing health problems such as heart disease and stroke. Many studies have demonstrated the health benefits of regular exercise. This report examines the evidence regarding the health benefits of exercise across the board. Physical activity and exercise can help to lower stress and anxiety, enhance happy neurotransmitters, promote self-confidence, boost brain function, improve memory, and strengthen our muscles and bones. It also aids in the prevention and treatment of heart disease, obesity, blood sugar swings, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. It also aids in the prevention and treatment of heart disease, obesity, blood sugar swings, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Regular physical activity has been shown the useful in the primary and secondary prevention of a variety of chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, obesity, depression, and osteoporosis) as well as premature death.
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Spencer, Kristie A., Jennifer Paul, Katherine A. Brown, Taylor Ellerbrock, and McKay Moore Sohlberg. "Cognitive Rehabilitation for Individuals With Parkinson's Disease: Developing and Piloting an External Aids Treatment Program." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 29, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_ajslp-19-0078.
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Purpose Cognitive deficits are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can have a detrimental effect on daily activities. To date, most cognitive treatments have had an impairment-based focus with primary outcome measures of formal neuropsychological test scores. Few, if any, studies have focused on functional improvement or patient-centered goals. Method Three individuals with idiopathic PD participated in an 8-week pilot treatment program to train for the use of compensatory external aids to achieve personalized goals. Goal attainment scaling was the primary outcome measure, which was independently judged by multiple raters at baseline, postintervention, and 1 month posttreatment and analyzed via T -score analysis. Descriptive measures, including self-report and spouse-report rating scales of cognitive functioning, were employed. Results All 3 participants improved in the majority of their laboratory and home goals posttreatment, as measured by goal attainment scaling, and maintained gains for the majority of goals 1 month posttreatment. Conclusions This is the 1st known study to implement an external aids treatment program with patient-centered goals for individuals with cognitive deficits from PD. Positive outcomes were likely influenced by 3 factors: (a) a theoretically motivated focus on external aids; (b) a well-documented, systematic approach to instruction; and (c) the personalization of goals. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10093493
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Apriasari, Maharani Laillyza, Nur Aprilyani, Amy Nindia Carabelly, and Juliyatin Putri Utami. "Correlation of clinical profile toward oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS patients." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 33, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol33no1.26025.
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Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) exhibits the capability to weaken human immune system. The infected subject will later be more susceptible to suffer from opportunistic diseases when the CD4 cell count is lesser than 200 cell/µL. Oral Thrush, periodontal disease and xerostomia are common oral manifestations in AIDS patient which initially indicate the presence of HIV infection. No research has been conducted to discuss the association between oral manifestation HIV/AIDS toward socio-demographic and clinical profile of the HIV/AIDS patients. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyse the association between oral manifestation HIV/AIDS toward socio-demographic and clinical profile of the HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: This was an analysis study with cross sectional design performed in 2019. The data of clinical profil of HIV AIDS patient and oral manifestation were obtained from secondary data of medical record.The 55 samples were taken with total sampling technique. Results: Chi-square test showed there was a significant correlation between number of CD4 with candidiasis, oral thrush and periodontal disease. There was a significant correlation between duration of ARV therapy and candidiasis, oral thrush (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a correlation between the number of CD4 cells and the duration of ARV treatment on candidiasis,oral thrush, periodontal disease and xerostomia.
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Fauziah, Irma, Muhammad Manaqib, and Elisda Mieldhania Zhafirah. "Mathematical Modeling of HIV/AIDS Disease Spread with Public Awareness." CAUCHY: Jurnal Matematika Murni dan Aplikasi 9, no. 1 (May 16, 2024): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ca.v9i1.23424.
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This study develops mathematical model for the spread of HIV/AIDS by the population is divided into seven sub-populations, namely the susceptible unaware HIV subpopulation, the susceptible aware HIV sub-population, the infected sub-population, the pre-AIDS sub-population, the ARV treatment sub-population, the AIDS sub-population, and unlikely to be infected with HIV/AIDS sub-population. In this mathematical model, two equilibrium points are obtained, namely the disease-free equilibrium point and the disease-endemic equilibrium point and the basic reproduction number . The stability analysis shows that the disease-free equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable if and the disease-endemic equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable if . Numerical simulations of the equilibrium points are carried out to provide an overview of the analyzed results with parameter values from several sources. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the parameters that significantly affect the spread of HIV/AIDS are the contact rate of HIV-unaware individuals with infected individuals and the transmission rate of HIV infection
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Moazen, Babak, Andreas Deckert, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Priscilla N. Owusu, Parinaz Mehdipour, Mostafa Shokoohi, Atefeh Noori, et al. "National and sub-national HIV/AIDS-related mortality in Iran, 1990–2015: a population-based modeling study." International Journal of STD & AIDS 30, no. 14 (November 19, 2019): 1362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462419869520.
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Surveillance of HIV/AIDS mortality is crucial to evaluate a country’s response to the disease. With a modified estimation approach, this study aimed to provide more accurate estimates on deaths due to HIV/AIDS in Iran from 1990 to 2015 at national and sub-national levels. Using a comprehensive data set, death registration incompleteness and misclassification were addressed by demographical and statistical methods. Trends of mortality due to HIV/AIDS at national and sub-national levels were estimated by applying a set of models. A total of 474 men (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 175–1332) and 256 women (95% UI: 36–1871) died due to HIV/AIDS in 2015 in Iran. Peaked in 1995, HIV/AIDS-related mortality has steadily declined among both genders. Mortality rates were remarkably higher among men than women during the period studied. At the sub-national level, the highest and the lowest annual percent change were found at 10.97 and −1.36% for women, and 4.04 and −3.47% for men, respectively. The findings of our study (731 deaths) were remarkably lower than the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (4000) but higher than Global Burden of Disease (339) estimates in 2015. The overall decrease in mortality due to HIV/AIDS may be attributed to the increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases; however, the role of the national and international organizations to fight HIV/AIDS should not be overlooked. To decrease HIV/AIDS mortality and to achieve international goals, evidence-based action is required. To fast-track targets, the priority must be to prevent infection, promote early diagnosis, provide access to treatment, and to ensure treatment adherence among patients.