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Journal articles on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) Treatment Victoria'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Sileo, K. M., R. K. Wanyenze, W. Kizito, E. Reed, S. K. Brodine, H. Chemusto, W. Musoke, B. Mukasa, and S. M. Kiene. "Multi-level Determinants of Clinic Attendance and Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Among Fishermen Living with HIV/AIDS in Communities on Lake Victoria, Uganda." AIDS and Behavior 23, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2207-1.

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2

Cooper, R. G., and P. D. Reid. "Sexually transmitted disease/HIV health-care policy and service provision in Britain." International Journal of STD & AIDS 18, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646207782193777.

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The objective of this paper was to discusses historical developments of sexually transmitted disease (STD)/HIV sexual health policies in Britain, principally from the 19th to the 21st century. Repeating trends were identified and a consideration of how history addresses today's urgent need for better management of sexual health is discussed. In January 1747, the first venereal disease (VD) treatment was established at Lock Hospital, London. As the 19th century passed, sexuality emerged from a conspiracy of silence and became part of social consciousness. In Victorian times, prostitution was regarded with revulsion. Renewed medical interest in VD was brought about by improvements in medical knowledge from 1900–10. In the period 1913–17, there was a significant change in sexual health policy. From 1918, treatment centres increasingly recognized the difficulties in persuading attendees to return for a complete course of treatment. AIDS in Britain wrecked havoc in the period 1981–86 with incidences of infection in several widely differing groups and public alarm fuelled by the media. In conclusion, education, advertising and public health counselling need to be moulded effectively so that the public recognize the real risks associated with unprotected sexual intercourse.
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3

Guy, Rebecca J., Ann M. McDonald, Mark J. Bartlett, Jo C. Murray, Carolien M. Giele, Therese M. Davey, Ranil D. Appuhamy, et al. "Characteristics of HIV diagnoses in Australia, 1993-2006." Sexual Health 5, no. 2 (2008): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07070.

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Objective: To describe recent trends in the diagnosis of HIV infection in Australia. Methods: National HIV surveillance data from 1993 to 2006 were analysed with a focus on geographic differences by HIV exposure route and late presentation (HIV within 3 months of a first AIDS-defining illness or a CD4 count of less than 200 cells μL–1). Results: In 1993–99, the number of HIV diagnoses declined by 32%, and then increased by 39% from 1999 to 2006. From 2000 onwards, rates increased significantly in Victoria, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia. The most frequently reported routes of HIV exposure were male to male sex (71%) and heterosexual contact (18%), and the population rate of diagnoses have increased in both categories. Among the cases reported as heterosexually acquired (n = 2199), 33% were in people born in a high-prevalence country and 19% in those with partners from a high-prevalence country. Late presentation was most frequent in heterosexually acquired infections in persons who had a partner from a high-prevalence country: 32% compared with 20% overall. Conclusions: Recent increases in annual numbers of HIV diagnoses in Australia underline the continuing need for HIV-prevention programs, particularly among men having male to male sex. Early diagnosis and access to care and treatment should also be emphasised, as a substantial proportion of people with HIV infection are unaware of their status until late in the course of disease.
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4

Thomas, S. L., K. Lam, L. Piterman, A. Mijch, and P. A. Komesaroff. "Complementary medicine use among people living with HIV/AIDS in Victoria, Australia: practices, attitudes and perceptions." International Journal of STD & AIDS 18, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646207781147292.

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There is limited evidence suggesting the underlying reasons for the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) by people with HIV/AIDS, or individual attitudes and beliefs about the use of CAMs. Using focus groups and a survey with 151 individuals attending the HIV Clinics at The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, we aimed to provide insights into factors that influence the use of CAMs among people living with HIV/AIDS. Roughly half (49%) of the participants had used CAMs to manage their HIV/AIDs. Users of CAMs utilized a wide range of treatments in managing their condition, but costs of the CAMs meant that users were not necessarily able to use them as much as they might have liked. Use of CAMs was based on a desire to find something beneficial rather than on being dissatisfied with conventional medicine. Further research is needed into (a) the effects of CAMs and (b) the enhancement of communication and collaboration between patients, doctors and complementary medicine practitioners.
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5

Kinney, Evlin L., Jean-Jacques Monsuez, Michel Kitzis, and Daniel Vittecoq. "Treatment of AIDS-Associated Heart Disease." Angiology 40, no. 11 (November 1989): 970–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000331978904001106.

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6

Philip Bill Okaka, Olan’g Alfred, Florence Ondieki - Mwaura, and Maurice Sakwa. "Effect of Community Health Support Systems and Technology Obsolescence on Utilization of mHealth Information by Teenagers Living with HIV/AIDS in Island Communities of Lake Victoria, Kenya." International Journal of World Policy and Development Studies, no. 73 (July 11, 2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijwpds.73.45.56.

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The emergence of mHealth as an alternative access point for care and treatment is lauded by development agencies as ingenious innovation for bridging health care access for teenagers living with HIV/AIDS among detached communities like the islands of Lake Victoria. It is also presumed that mHealth transcends beyond teenagers’ concerns with location and unfriendly hours of operation of health facilities. mHealth is alleged to increase privacy and confidentiality, reduce the cost of service delivery, and loops over retrogressive cultural beliefs and attitudes exhibited by health care providers and caregivers, consequently increasing access to health information, care, and treatment. Specifically, the study sought to determine the technology obsolescence and explore community-based health support systems that facilitate suitable utilization of mHealth by teenagers living with HIV from the island communities of Lake Victoria and its effect on treatment access. To support this study, two philosophies: The theory of Reasoned Action and the Technology Adoption Lifecycle Model were applied. Anchored on cross-sectional study design, stratified sampling identified the psychosocial support groups of teenagers living with HIV. The probit model was applied to the study. With a study population of approximately 409 in Ringiti, Remba, Rusinga, Mfangano, and Mageta Islands, questionnaires were administered to 173 sampled teenagers living with HIV as a unit of analysis, and a control group made up of 30 percent of the sample ascertained effect of mHealth on treatment access. Five focus group discussions and key informant interviews of 10 and 3 were held on each Island. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. Further, the results showed that technology obsolescence and community-based health support systems had a significant effect on access to treatment by teenagers living with HIV/AIDS in the Island communities of Lake Victoria. Consequently, this study provides organizations promoting access to access to treatment by teenagers living with HIV/AIDS through mHealth. The study recommended that government and organizations involved in HIV/AIDS related activities should adopt a culture of enhancing mHealth by focusing on technology obsolescence and community-based health support systems. This could go a long way in ensuring there is improved access to treatment by teenagers living with HIV/AIDS in Island communities of Lake Victoria.
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7

Volberding, Paul. "Treatment of malignant disease in AIDS patients." AIDS 2 (1988): S169–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-198800001-00025.

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8

Navarro, Willis H., and Lawrence D. Kaplan. "AIDS-related lymphoproliferative disease." Blood 107, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-11-4278.

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Abstract Not long after the recognition of HIV as the causative agent of AIDS, it was evident that individuals infected with HIV developed lymphoma at a greater rate than the population at large. Approximately two thirds of AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) cases are categorized as diffuse large B-cell type, with Burkitt lymphomas comprising 25% and other histologies a much smaller proportion. Typically, these individuals have presented with advanced extranodal disease and CD4+ lymphocyte counts of less than 200/mm3. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated a better outcome with chemotherapy for ARL since the introduction of combination antiretroviral treatment, termed highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). For patients with relapses, solid evidence points to the safety and utility of hematopoietic-cell transplantation as a salvage modality. Coinfection with other viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus have led to the genesis of previously rare or unrecognized lymphoma subtypes such as plasmablastic and primary effusion lymphomas. The immunosuppressive impact of treatment for patients with ARL receiving chemotherapy with HAART appears transient and opportunistic infections have become less problematic than prior to HAART. Significant progress has been made in the understanding and management of ARL but outcomes still remain inferior compared to those achieved in HIV- individuals.
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9

Mönkemüller, Klaus E., and C. Mel Wilcox. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Colonic Disease in AIDS." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 8, no. 4 (October 1998): 889–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-5157(18)30238-1.

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10

Lawrence, Janet S. St, and Michael R. Kauth. "AIDS phobia: Disease patterns and possibilities of treatment." Clinical Psychology Review 10, no. 5 (January 1990): 607–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(90)90101-f.

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11

vincenkogopa, Wiwin Priyantari, and Yafi Sabila Rosyad. "Hubungan efikasi diri dengan tingkat kepatuhan pengobatan antiretroviral terapi pada laki-laki seropositif HIV." Informasi dan Promosi Kesehatan 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.58439/ipk.v1i1.2.

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Background: Compliance with ART treatment is an important indication to improve the quality of life of people dliving with HIV / AIDS (PLWHA), prevent drug resistance, and reduce mortality. One factor that can influence the level of adherence to ART treatment is the self-efficacy of ARV treatment levels.Objectives: To determine the relationship of self-efficacy with adherence to taking medication in men with HIV / AIDS at Victoria Plus Foundation Yogyakarta. Methods: This research is a quantitative correlation with cross sectional approach. The research sample of 35 respondents was determined by probability sampling technique. The research instrument was in the form of a self-efficacy questionnaire and medication adherence. Data analysis techniques using the Kendall Tau test. Results: Self-efficacy in people with HIV / AIDS was in the confident category of 97.1%. Treatment adherence in people with HIV / AIDS is in the category of non-compliance by 80.0%. There is a relationship between self-efficacy and medication adherence in male patients with HIV / AIDS based on pvalue = 0.023. Conclusion: There is a relationship between self-efficacy and medication adherence in male patients with HIV / AIDS at the Victori Plus Foundation in Yogyakarta.
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12

Richey, Lisa Ann. "Mobilizing for Global AIDS Treatment." Nordicom Review 33, Special-Issue (December 1, 2012): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2013-0023.

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Abstract Global communication about HIV/AIDS requires the creation of new communities that can bridge distances and distinctions of nationality, language, class, race, gendered-identities and other forms of local identification on a disease that is associated with the realm usually understood as private (sexuality). Global AIDS, characterized as ‘the disease of our time’, is responsible for spawning an entire industry devoted to the prevention, detection, treatment, and potential cure of HIV/AIDS. In terms of scale, this industry works primarily cross-nationally, with donors from the North funding programs for AIDS prevention and care in the South. Anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs), typically produced as generics by manufacturers in India or South Africa and purchased by aid funding, are central to global AIDS programs. Yet, mobilizing for global AIDS treatment embodies the logic of marketing, in which Africans with AIDS are sold as lives to be saved. This article will draw from international relations theory, sociology and anthropology to offer an interdisciplinary perspective on mobilizing communication globally.
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13

Teresa Dawson, Maria, Paul Grech, Brendan Hyland, Fiona Judd, John Lloyd, Anne M. Mijch, Jennifer Hoy, and Alan C Street. "A Qualitative Approach to the Mental Health Care Needs of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Victoria." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 3 (2002): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02041.

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This article reports on the findings of the qualitative stage of a larger project on the mental care needs of people with HIV/AIDS and mental illness (Tender T1176 Department of Human Services, Mental Health Branch, Victoria - Research on the Mental Health Care Needs of People with HIV/AIDS and Mental Illness). The purpose of the larger research was to evaluate the needs and treatment requirements of persons with HIV/AIDS, who also suffer from mental health problems, with a view to developing proposals for improving existing service delivery in Victoria, Australia. The qualitative stage was designed to complement and elucidate data obtained through the quantitative stages of the project. Thirty in-depth open-ended interviews were carried out with service providers including HIV physicians, general practitioners, psychiatrists, clinical and managerial staff of Area Mental Health Services, Contact Tracers and forensic mental health services staff, as well as representatives of community groups such as People Living with HIV/AIDS and Positive Women and carers. The interviews explored the perspective of both service providers and users of such services with respect to needs for psychiatric care and service delivery, ease of access or barriers to mental health services, and the perceived strengths and weaknesses in current service provision. This paper presents the main findings and recommendations submitted to the funding body.
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14

Teklu, Shewafera Wondimagegnhu, and Koya Purnachandra Rao. "HIV/AIDS-Pneumonia Codynamics Model Analysis with Vaccination and Treatment." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (January 11, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3105734.

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In this paper, we proposed and analyzed a realistic compartmental mathematical model on the spread and control of HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic incorporating pneumonia vaccination and treatment for both infections at each infection stage in a population. The model exhibits six equilibriums: HIV/AIDS only disease-free, pneumonia only disease-free, HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic disease-free, HIV/AIDS only endemic, pneumonia only endemic, and HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic endemic equilibriums. The HIV/AIDS only submodel has a globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium if R 1 < 1 . Using center manifold theory, we have verified that both the pneumonia only submodel and the HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic model undergo backward bifurcations whenever R 2 < 1 and R 3 = max R 1 , R 2 < 1 , respectively. Thus, for pneumonia infection and HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfection, the requirement of the basic reproduction numbers to be less than one, even though necessary, may not be sufficient to completely eliminate the disease. Our sensitivity analysis results demonstrate that the pneumonia disease transmission rate β 2 and the HIV/AIDS transmission rate β 1 play an important role to change the qualitative dynamics of HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection. The pneumonia infection transmission rate β 2 gives rises to the possibility of backward bifurcation for HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection if R 3 = max R 1 , R 2 < 1 , and hence, the existence of multiple endemic equilibria some of which are stable and others are unstable. Using standard data from different literatures, our results show that the complete HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection model reproduction number is R 3 = max R 1 , R 2 = max 1.386 , 9.69 = 9.69 at β 1 = 2 and β 2 = 0.2 which shows that the disease spreads throughout the community. Finally, our numerical simulations show that pneumonia vaccination and treatment against disease have the effect of decreasing pneumonia and coepidemic disease expansion and reducing the progression rate of HIV infection to the AIDS stage.
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15

Bonacini, Maurizio, and Loren A. Laine. "Esophageal Disease in Patients with AIDS: Diagnosis and Treatment." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 8, no. 4 (October 1998): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-5157(18)30233-2.

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16

Falster, Kathleen, Linda Gelgor, Ansari Shaik, Iryna Zablotska, Garrett Prestage, Jeffrey Grierson, Rachel Thorpe, et al. "Trends in antiretroviral treatment use and treatment response in three Australian states in the first decade of combination antiretroviral treatment." Sexual Health 5, no. 2 (2008): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07082.

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Objectives: To determine if there were any differences in antiretroviral treatment (ART) use across the three eastern states of Australia, New South Wales (NSW), Victoria and Queensland, during the period 1997 to 2006. Methods: We used data from a clinic-based cohort, the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD), to determine the proportion of HIV-infected patients on ART in selected clinics in each state and the proportion of treated patients with an undetectable viral load. Data from the national Highly Specialised Drugs program and AHOD were used to estimate total numbers of individuals on ART and the proportion of individuals living with HIV on ART nationally and by state. Data from the HIV Futures Survey and the Gay Community Periodic Survey were used to determine the proportion of community-based men who have sex with men on ART. The proportion of patients with primary HIV infection (PHI) who commenced ART within 1 year of diagnosis was obtained from the Acute Infection and Early Disease Research Program (AIEDRP) CORE01 protocol and Primary HIV and Early Disease Research: Australian Cohort (PHAEDRA) cohorts. Results: We estimated that the numbers of individuals on ART increased from 3181 to 4553 in NSW, 1309 to 1926 in Victoria and 809 to 1615 in Queensland between 2000 and 2006. However, these numbers may reflect a lower proportion of individuals living with HIV on ART in NSW compared with the other states (37% compared with 49 and 55% in 2000). We found similar proportions of HIV-positive men who have sex with men participants were on ART in all three states over the study period in the clinic-based AHOD cohort (81–92%) and two large, community-based surveys in Australia (69–85% and 49–83%). Similar proportions of treated patients had an undetectable viral load across the three states, with a consistently increasing trend over time observed in all states. We found that more PHI patients commenced treatment in the first year following HIV diagnosis in NSW compared with Victoria; however, the sample size was very small. Conclusions: For the most part, patterns of ART use were similar across NSW, Victoria and Queensland using a range of available data from cohort studies, community surveys and national prescription databases in Australia. However, there may be a lower proportion of individuals living with HIV on ART in NSW compared with the other states, and there is some indication of a more aggressive treatment approach with PHI patients in NSW compared with Victoria.
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17

Johnston, B. B. "Book Review: AIDS Phobia — Disease Pattern and Possibilities of Treatment." Scottish Medical Journal 34, no. 4 (August 1989): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693308903400415.

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18

No authorship indicated. "Review of AIDS Phobia: Disease Patterns and Possibilities of Treatment." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 34, no. 10 (October 1989): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/030707.

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19

Perelman, Julian, Joana Alves, Ana Cláudia Miranda, Céu Mateus, Kamal Mansinho, Francisco Antunes, Joaquim Oliveira, et al. "Direct treatment costs of HIV/AIDS in Portugal." Revista de Saúde Pública 47, no. 5 (October 2013): 865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910.2013047004598.

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OBJECTIVE To analyze the direct medical costs of HIV/AIDS in Portugal from the perspective of the National Health Service. METHODS A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted for 150 patients from five specialized centers in Portugal in 2008. Data on utilization of medical resources during 12 months and patients’ characteristics were collected. A unit cost was applied to each care component using official sources and accounting data from National Health Service hospitals. RESULTS The average cost of treatment was 14,277 €/patient/year. The main cost-driver was antiretroviral treatment (€ 9,598), followed by hospitalization costs (€ 1,323). Treatment costs increased with the severity of disease from € 11,901 (> 500 CD4 cells/µl) to € 23,351 (CD4 count ≤ 50 cells/ µl). Cost progression was mainly due to the increase in hospitalization costs, while antiretroviral treatment costs remained stable over disease stages. CONCLUSIONS The high burden related to antiretroviral treatment is counterbalanced by relatively low hospitalization costs, which, however, increase with severity of disease. The relatively modest progression of total costs highlights that alternative public health strategies that do not affect transmission of disease may only have a limited impact on expenditure, since treatment costs are largely dominated by constant antiretroviral treatment costs.
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20

Mbitila, Augustine S., and Jean M. Tchuenche. "HIV/AIDS Model with Early Detection and Treatment." ISRN Applied Mathematics 2012 (April 1, 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/185939.

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A classical epidemiological framework is used to qualitatively assess the impact of early detection and treatment on the dynamics of HIV/AIDS. Within this theoretical framework, two classes of infected populations: those infected but unaware of their serological status and those who are aware of their disease status, are considered. In this context, we formulate and analyze a deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS and assess the potential population-level impact of early detection in curtailing the epidemic. A critical threshold parameter for which case detection will have a positive impact is derived. Model parameters sensitivity analysis indicates that the number of partners is the most sensitive (in increasing the average number of secondary transmission) parameter. However, the case detection coverage is the main drivers in reducing the initial disease transmission. Numerical simulations of the model are provided to support the analytical results. Early detection and treatment alone are insufficient to eliminate the disease, and other control strategies are to be explored.
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21

McCombe, David. "Dupuytrens disease–where to from here?" Australasian Journal of Plastic Surgery 2, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.34239/ajops.v2i1.144.

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The advent of fasciotomy by intralesional collagenase injection has been a significant step forward in the treatment of Dupuytren’s contracture. While the therapeutic benefit of collagenase injection in the treatment of Dupuytren’s contracture has been established, seeking its value relative to the surgery has stimulated an interesting debate about the management of the condition, causing us to examine the results of surgery in more detail. Dupuytren’s disease and its treatment has become topical and will be the subject of the hand surgery symposium at this year’s Plastic Surgery Congress from 30 May – 1 June 2019 at the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre, Victoria, Australia.
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22

Silva, Cristiana J., and Delfim F. M. Torres. "Modeling TB-HIV Syndemic and Treatment." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/248407.

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Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be considered a deadly human syndemic. In this paper, we formulate a model for TB and HIV transmission dynamics. The model considers both TB and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) treatment for individuals with only one of the two infectious diseases or both. The basic reproduction number and equilibrium points are determined and stability is analyzed. Through simulations, we show that TB treatment for individuals with only TB infection reduces the number of individuals that become coinfected with TB and HIV/AIDS and reduces the diseases (TB and AIDS) induced deaths. Analogously, the treatment of individuals with only AIDS also reduces the number of coinfected individuals. Further, TB treatment for coinfected individuals in the active and latent stage of TB disease implies a decrease of the number of individuals that passes from HIV-positive to AIDS.
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23

Valenti, William M. "Update on AIDS." Infection Control 6, no. 2 (February 1985): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700062664.

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Recent advances in our knowledge of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) could have a major impact on practitioners in both infection control and employee health. The discovery that a retrovirus, the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-III) is the cause of AIDS could be used to help health care workers better understand this disease. Those of us who are trying to provide our employees with up-to-date information on AIDS should use this new information to help employees understand the nature of the disease, its transmissibility and non-transmissibility. Now that the disease can be linked to a specific agent, employees may find AIDS to be much less mysterious. The retrovirus link is a major step forward in understanding this disease and may eventually lead to more effective treatment and possibly a vaccine. Our knowledge continues to evolve in much the same way as our understanding of Legionnaires' Disease and Toxic Shock Syndrome.The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was discussed extensively at recent infectious diseases meetings in Washington, D.C. The results of original research conducted by investigators at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Pasteur Institute in Paris, and medical centers throughout the world were presented at the meetings. A number of issues have been clarified and the pieces of the puzzle are starting to come together.
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24

Liu, Helong, and Lianbing Li. "A Class Age-Structured HIV/AIDS Model with Impulsive Drug-Treatment Strategy." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2010 (2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/758745.

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We formulate an HIV/AIDS transmission model that considers the dependence of HIV/AIDS progress on infection age (the time since infection), disease age (the time elapsed since the onset), and impulsive antiretroviral treatment. Since no effective vaccine is available for HIV/AIDS, our impulsive disease-control strategy is targeted at infected individuals (I control). Thus the model only includes infective class and AIDS class: infected population is the state at birth, and AIDS population is not the state at birth. Assuming the theoretical strategy can provide HIV testing for risk population groups every years and immediate antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive people. The action is approximated by impulsive differential equations. We demonstrate the effect of the impulsive drug treatment and show that there exists a globally stable infection-free state when the impulsive period and drug-treatment proportion satisfy . This result shows that the prevention effects can drive HIV/AIDS epidemic towards to elimination.
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25

Darby, IB, F. Angkasa, C. Duong, D. Ho, S. Legudi, K. Pham, and A. Welsh. "Factors influencing the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease by dental practitioners in Victoria." Australian Dental Journal 50, no. 1 (March 2005): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2005.tb00083.x.

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26

Maclean, Hunter, and Baljean Dhillon. "Cytomegalovirus Retinitis: Diagnosis and Treatment." International Journal of STD & AIDS 4, no. 6 (November 1993): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249300400603.

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a non-pathogenic organism in the immunocompetent, but is a major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst patients with AIDS, and the retina is the commonest site of infection1. If left untreated, patients with CMVR will develop disease in their second eye and ultimately become blind2. However, with correct diagnosis and treatment useful vision can be maintained in the majority of cases. Fifteen to 20% of patients with AIDS will contract cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR)3−7 and this may be the AIDS-defining diagnosis though more commonly it occurs months after the diagnosis of AIDS. Given the increasing number of HIV positive patients and their longer survival, it is likely that CMVR will become an increasingly prevalent condition. In these patients loss of sight from CMVR has devastating consequences in terms of loss of independence and quality of life and therefore ophthalmologists and physicians should be aware of the presenting characteristics of CMVR, be familiar with therapy and its complications, and be able to recognize relapsing infection.
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27

Spittle, Margaret F. "AIDS-Related Malignancies." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 89, no. 1 (January 1996): 35P—36P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107689608900110.

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The management of AIDS-related malignancies demands that the cancer must be treated in the context of patients already suffering from a fatal disease. Management must be problem-orientated. The standard cancer treatment of such a patient may not be appropriate in the AIDS setting. The AIDS related malignancies are Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) incuding primary cerebral lymphoma. Carcinoma of the cervix was recently added to this list, but has not been seen in this context in the UK.
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28

Guo, Ye, Pan-Pan Zhou, Sen-Yan Zhang, Xiao-Wen Fan, Yu-Wei Dou, and Xuan-Ling Shi. "Generation of a long-acting fusion inhibitor against HIV-1." MedChemComm 9, no. 7 (2018): 1226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8md00124c.

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29

Atomiya, Angela Naomi, David Emerson Uip, and Olavo Henrique Munhoz Leite. "Evaluation of disease patterns, treatment and prognosis of tuberculosis in AIDS patient." Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 6, no. 1 (February 2002): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-86702002000100005.

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30

Tincati, C., A. Monforte, and G. Marchetti. "Immunological Mechanisms of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Treatment in HIV/AIDS Disease." Current Molecular Pharmacology 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467210902010040.

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31

Carton, J. A., A. Rodriguez-Guardado, S. Melon, J. A. Maradona, M. De Oña, and V. Asensi. "Cytomegalovirus Antigenemia Surveillance in the Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Disease in AIDS Patients." Journal of Chemotherapy 11, no. 3 (January 1999): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/joc.1999.11.3.195.

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32

Pinching, A. J. "AIDS and the lung. 2--Antiretroviral treatment in human immunodeficiency virus disease." Thorax 44, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 971–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.44.11.971.

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Manfredi, R. "Quantitative cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenaemia during antiviral treatment of AIDS-related CMV disease." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 40, no. 2 (August 1, 1997): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/40.2.299.

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34

Holtgrave, David R. "Causes of the decline in AIDS deaths, United States, 1995–2002: prevention, treatment or both?" International Journal of STD & AIDS 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646205774988109.

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The decline in AIDS deaths in the USA between 1995 and 2002 has been attributed by Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to HIV treatments advances. The purpose of the present study is to assess whether this AIDS deaths decline was due entirely to treatment advances, to earlier prevention successes, or a combination of both. Secondarily, we quantitatively estimate the number of AIDS deaths averted (or delayed) by treatment advances over and above prevention effects. The study employed scenario analysis to address the research questions. To answer the primary research question, we examined whether three key predictions derived from the shape and peak of the HIV incidence curve in the USA (and the natural history of HIV disease in the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART]) about the shape and peak of the AIDS deaths curve were upheld (e.g., one prediction was that the peak of the AIDS deaths curve should occur 10–12 years after the peak of the HIV incidence curve). To the extent that these predictions are supported, there is evidence that earlier HIV prevention efforts impacted the number of AIDS deaths later in the epidemic. To answer the second research question, the observed annual AIDS deaths curve (1995–2002) was compared with three estimated AIDS deaths curves that may have occurred had HAART never became available. Three estimations were employed to reflect a range of assumptions about the lag between the flattening of HIV incidence in the USA and the flattening of AIDS deaths (i.e., 10, 11 or 12 years). For any one of the three-scenario analyses, the quantitative area between the 'observed' and 'estimated' AIDS deaths curves provide an estimate of the number of AIDS deaths averted by HIV/AIDS treatments. The three predictions from the HIV incidence curve (and the pre-HAART natural history of HIV disease) for determining the shape and peak of the AIDS deaths curve were supported thereby indicating the influence of past prevention efforts on recent AIDS deaths. However, the observed decline in AIDS deaths was more precipitous than predicted (indicating the influence of treatment advances). The scenario analyses indicated that between 33,480 and 41,784 AIDS deaths were averted (or delayed) between 1995 and 2002 as a function of treatment. That is, approximately, 206,037 AIDS deaths occurred between 1995 and 2002 (in the HAART era), but between 239,517 and 247,821 likely would have occurred without the advent of HAART. We conclude that both past prevention and current treatment services have lead to the AIDS deaths decline in the USA, and that HAART has averted between 33,480 and 41,784 AIDS deaths in the USA between 1995 and 2002 over and above the effects of early prevention efforts.
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35

Exposto, Levi Anatolia S. M., Cleofas da Costa Seixas, Leonardo Ximenes, and Cesaltino Maria Pires. "Efforts in Preventing and Curing HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review." Interdisciplinary Social Studies 1, no. 3 (December 20, 2021): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/iss.v1i3.54.

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Background: HIV/AIDS disease is a disease that continues to grow and become a global problem that hit the world. HIV/AIDS is a public health problem that requires serious attention. AIDS is declared a deadly disease because it has a Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 100% within 5 years means within 5 years after the patient is declared to have AIDS on average will die. Aim: Therefore, the purpose of writing systematic review is to know the effective prevention and treatment of HIV / AIDS for HIV. Method: The entire extracted article is taken from several sources namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, Emerald Insight, DOAJ. Furthermore, screening of titles, abstracts and selection of content or content according to inclusion and exclusion is obtained 10 articles that are further analyzed. Findings: Effective efforts to prevent yourself from HIV/AIDS infection are: Abstinance, befaithful, Condom, Drug and Education. Treatment of HIV/AIDS with the ARV method is considered effective in HIV/AIDS treatment. Antiretroviral therapy treats HIV infection with several medications. ARVs do not kill the virus but are able to slow the rate of growth of the virus, as well as HIV disease and improve health status, quality of life for HIV, decrease hospitalization due to HIV, reduce AIDS-related deaths, reduce mother to child transmission (MTCT) or what we know as mother-to-baby transmission and also provide new hope for people with HIV / AIDS to be able to live longer.
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36

Huo, Hai-Feng, and Rui Chen. "Stability of an HIV/AIDS Treatment Model with Different Stages." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/630503.

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An HIV/AIDS treatment model with different stages is proposed in this paper. The stage of the HIV infection is divided into two stages, that is, HIV-positive in the asymptomatic stage of HIV infection and HIV-positive individuals in the pre-AIDS stage. The fact that some individuals with HIV-positive individuals after the treatment can be transformed into the compartment of HIV-positive individuals in the asymptomatic stage of HIV infection, the compartment of HIV-positive individuals in the pre-AIDS stage, or the compartment of individuals with full-blown AIDS is also considered. Mathematical analyses establish the idea that the global dynamics of the HIV/AIDS model are determined by the basic reproduction numberR0. The disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable ifR0<1. The endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable ifR0>1for a special case. Numerical simulations are also conducted to support the analytic results.
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Rani, Pratibha, Divya Jain, and Vinod Prakash Saxena. "Stability Analysis of HIV/AIDS Transmission with Treatment and Role of Female Sex Workers." International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 18, no. 6 (October 26, 2017): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns-2015-0147.

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AbstractThis paper concentrates on the role of prostitutes in HIV/AIDS disease transmission among common population. In this communication, a nonlinear Susceptible-Infected-Treated-AIDS infected (SITA) model is developed to study the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS infection in three different classes. The behavior of the model is analyzed by the basic reproduction number R0 and the results of the model are investigated by using stability theory of differential equations. Analysis of the model demonstrates that the disease-free equilibrium is locally stable for ${R_0}\, \lt \,1$ and at ${R_0} \gt \,1, \,$ the endemic equilibrium is globally stable. Further, numerical simulation of the model is carried out.
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38

Kohan, Darius, Stephen G. Rothstein, and Noel L. Cohen. "Otologic Disease in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 97, no. 6 (November 1988): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948809700611.

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A 5-year retrospective study evaluating otologic disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was conducted at the New York University Medical Center-Bellevue Hospital Center. Twenty-six patients with documented otologic disease who met the Centers for Disease Control criteria for AIDS were identified and their charts were analyzed according to presenting complaints, physical examination, diagnostic modalities, pathologic condition, management, and outcome. A marked diversity of otologic diseases of varying severity was noted. The majority of patients complained of hearing loss and otalgia during their hospitalization for treatment of AIDS-related opportunistic infections. The most frequent diagnoses were otitis externa, acute otitis media, and otitis media with effusion. Sensorineural hearing loss frequently appeared to be related to ototoxic medications and neurologic infections.
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Byarugaba, Arinaitwe Abel, Gerald Baguma, Douglas Mutebi Jjemba, Aharinta Kenneth Faith, Arthur Wasukira, Eric Magembe, Anne Njoroge, Alex Barekye, and Marc Ghislain. "Comparative Phenotypic and Agronomic Assessment of Transgenic Potato with 3R-Gene Stack with Complete Resistance to Late Blight Disease." Biology 10, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10100952.

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Transgenic potato event Vic.172, expressing three naturally occurring resistance genes (R genes) conferring complete protection against late blight disease, was evaluated for resistance to late blight, phenotypic characterization, and agronomic performance in field conditions at three locations during three seasons in Uganda. These trials were conducted by comparison to the variety Victoria from which Vic.172 derives, using identical fungicide treatment, except when evaluating disease resistance. During all seasons, the transgenic event Vic.172 was confirmed to have complete resistance to late blight disease, whereas Victoria plants were completely dead by 60–80 days after planting. Tubers from Vic.172 were completely resistant to LB after artificial inoculation. The phenotypic characterization included observations of the characteristics and development of the stems, leaves, flowers, and tubers. Differences in phenotypic parameters between Vic.172 and Victoria were not statistically significant across locations and seasons. The agronomic performance observations covered sprouting, emergence, vigor, foliage growth, and yield. Differences in agronomic performance were not statistically significant except for marketable yield in one location under high productivity conditions. However, yield variation across locations and seasons was not statistically significant, but was influenced by the environment. Hence, the results of the comparative assessment of the phenotype and agronomic performance revealed that transgenic event Vic.172 did not present biologically significant differences in comparison to the variety Victoria it derives from.
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Teklu, Shewafera Wondimagegnhu, and Temesgen Tibebu Mekonnen. "HIV/AIDS-Pneumonia Coinfection Model with Treatment at Each Infection Stage: Mathematical Analysis and Numerical Simulation." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2021 (September 16, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5444605.

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In the paper, we have considered a nonlinear compartmental mathematical model that assesses the effect of treatment on the dynamics of HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection in a human population at different infection stages. Our model revealed that the disease-free equilibrium points of the HIV/AIDS and pneumonia submodels are both locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever the associated basic reproduction numbers ( R H and R P ) are less than unity. Both the submodel endemic equilibrium points are locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever the associated basic reproduction numbers ( R P and R H ) are greater than unity. The full HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfection model has both locally and globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium points whenever the basic reproduction number of the coinfection model R H P is less than unity. Using standard values of parameters collected from different kinds of literature, we found that the numerical values of the basic reproduction numbers of the HIV/AIDS-only submodel and pneumonia-only submodel are 17 and 7, respectively, and the basic reproduction number of the HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfection model is max 7 , 17 = 17 . Applying sensitive analysis, we identified the most influential parameters to change the behavior of the solution of the considered coinfection dynamical system are the HIV/AIDS and pneumonia transmission rates β 1 and β 2 , respectively. The coinfection model was numerically simulated to investigate the stability of the coinfection endemic equilibrium point, the impacts of transmission rates, and treatment strategies for HIV/AIDS-only, pneumonia-only, and HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfected individuals. Finally, we observed that numerical simulations indicate that treatment against infection at every stage lowers the rate of infection or disease prevalence.
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41

Gill, P. S., A. M. Levine, M. Krailo, M. U. Rarick, C. Loureiro, L. Deyton, P. Meyer, and S. Rasheed. "AIDS-related malignant lymphoma: results of prospective treatment trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 5, no. 9 (September 1987): 1322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1987.5.9.1322.

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Twenty-two consecutive patients with high-grade, B-cell lymphomas related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were accrued onto two sequential phase II studies, consisting of a standard regimen (M-BACOD, group no. 1, N = 13), or a novel, intensive regimen (group no. 2, N = 9), which included high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HD-Ara-C), and high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX), in an attempt to prevent CNS relapse and improve response rates. Stage IV disease was present in 82%. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in seven of 13 patients (54%) in group no. 1, and in three of nine (33%) group no. 2 (P = NS). By multivariate analysis, the most significant factor in predicting response was a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) greater than 60 (P = .04). Three of the ten patients who achieved CR on either regimen have relapsed; in all, five of 13 patients (31%) in group no. 1 have achieved disease-free survival for more than 1 year, compared with one of nine (11%) in group no. 2. CNS progression occurred in six patients in group no. 2, and in two patients in group no. 1. Hematologic toxicity was significantly greater in group no. 2, and these patients had an increased risk of opportunistic infection (one in group no. 1 v seven in group no. 2; P less than .01). Survival was similar, with a median of 11 months in group no. 1 and 6 months in group no. 2. We conclude that the intensive regimen of combination chemotherapy described here is associated with significant risk of early death due to opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS-related lymphoma, and that progression in the CNS remains a major problem. Trials of combination chemotherapy of a less intensive nature, perhaps in combination with immunomodulators or antiretroviral agents should be explored.
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42

Tabrizi, Sepehr N., Barbara A. Paterson, Christopher K. Fairley, Francis J. Bowden, and Suzanne M. Garland. "Comparison of tampon and urine as self-administered methods of specimen collection in the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis in women." International Journal of STD & AIDS 9, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462981922386.

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1 Department of Microbiology, The Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, 2 Menzies School of Health Research, Rocklands Drive, Tiwi, 3 Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria and 4 AIDS/STD Unit, Centre for Disease Control, Territory Health Services, Darwin, Australia Summary: Self-administered sampling techniques for the detection of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are particularly useful due to their ease of collection and better patient compliance. Urine specimens, and recently tampons, have been described as methods of specimen collection for the detection of some STDs in women. In this study, 660 women had both first-void urine (FVU) and tampon specimens analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis . Overall 6.5%, 10.1% and 17.9% of urine samples were positive whereas 7%, 21.2% and 22% of tampon specimens were positive for C. trachomatis , N. gonorrhoeae and T. vaginalis respectively. Tampon-collected specimens tested by PCR were more sensitive than urine specimens for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae and T. vaginalis ( P 0.001) and equally sensitive for the detection of C. trachomatis ( P =0.45). <
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43

Sanyal, Mousumi, F. Aaysha Cader, Muhammed Al Amin, Aparna Das, and M. Azizul Kahhar. "AIDS with Disseminated Tuberculosis." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 34, no. 3 (April 26, 2017): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v34i3.32351.

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Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have been closely linked since the emergence of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS). Worldwide, TB is the most common opportunistic infection affecting HIV-seropositive individuals,and it remains the most common cause of death in patients with AIDS. By producing a progressive decline in cell-mediated immunity, HIV alters the pathogenesis of TB, greatly increasing the risk of disease from TB in HIV-coinfected individuals, and leading to more frequent extrapulmonary involvement, atypical radiographic manifestations, and paucibacillary disease, which can impede timely diagnosis. Although HIV-related TB is both treatable and preventable, incidence continues to climb in developing nations, wherein HIV infection and TB are endemic and resources are limited. We report the case of a 45 year old gentleman who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, whose lymphnode biopsy was consistent with TB; however following poor response to anti-TB treatment, he was found to be serologically positive for HIV.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2016; 34(3): 168-171
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44

Gable, Carol B., Jonothan C. Tierce, Diane Simison, Douglas Ward, and Katy Motte. "Costs of HIV+/AIDS at CD4+ Counts Disease Stages Based on Treatment Protocols." Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology 12, no. 4 (August 1996): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199608010-00013.

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45

Mushayabasa, S., and C. P. Bhunu. "Modeling Schistosomiasis and HIV/AIDS Codynamics." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/846174.

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We formulate a mathematical model for the cointeraction of schistosomiasis and HIV/AIDS in order to assess their synergistic relationship in the presence of therapeutic measures. Comprehensive mathematical techniques are used to analyze the model steady states. The disease-free equilibrium is shown to be locally asymptotically stable when the associated disease threshold parameter known as the basic reproduction number for the model is less than unity. Centre manifold theory is used to show that the schistosomiasis-only and HIV/AIDS-only endemic equilibria are locally asymptotically stable when the associated reproduction numbers are greater than unity. The impact of schistosomiasis and its treatment on the dynamics of HIV/AIDS is also investigated. To illustrate the analytical results, numerical simulations using a set of reasonable parameter values are provided, and the results suggest that schistosomiasis treatment will always have a positive impact on the control of HIV/AIDS.
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46

Linstrom, Christopher J., Robert L. Pincus, Eric B. Leavitt, and Mariana C. Urbina. "Otologic Neurotologic Manifestations of HIV-Related Disease." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 108, no. 6 (June 1993): 680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989310800609.

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Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), has reached worldwide epidemic proportions and is Increasing. Otologists, neurotologlsts, and audiologists practicing in metropolitan centers in North America can expect to encounter patients with HIV-related illnesses, including patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC) and AIDS. Five representative cases are presented: Chronic otitis media, facial palsy, Gradenigo's syndrome with facial paralysis, otosyphilis, and Kaposi sarcoma of the mastoid. The common link in all cases was HIV Infection. This presentation discusses the management of several HIV-infected patients with otologic and neurotologic findings. HIV Infection has extended to all parts of North America. The worldwide incidence is Increasing. As the epidemic continues to unfold, new challenges to both the diagnosis and treatment of otologic and neurotologic disease in HIV-positive patients will confront the audiologist and otolaryngologist. Recommendations for the safety of the examining audiologist and treating physician are given.
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47

Duffalo, Melody L. "Fungal Opportunistic Infections in HIV Disease." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 19, no. 1 (February 2006): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190005284095.

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Fungal pathogens can lead to many of the complications seen in advanced HIV disease and are commonly identified in HIV-infected populations with decreased immune function. Common fungal organisms affecting individuals with AIDS include Cryptococcus neoformans, various Candida species, and Histoplasma capsulatum. While infection with these organisms can be fatal, appropriate identification and management of the condition can result in reduced mortality and the opportunity for effectivemanagement of HIV disease with highly active antiretroviral therapy. This article describes the clinical presentation and treatment of 3 fungal infections common in the immunocompromised individual with AIDS. Current antifungal therapy for themanagement of these infections is discussed. In addition, the role of newer antifungal agents in the setting of these conditions is reviewed.
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48

Reid, Erin, Gita Suneja, Richard F. Ambinder, Kevin Ard, Robert Baiocchi, Stefan K. Barta, Evie Carchman, et al. "AIDS-Related Kaposi Sarcoma, Version 2.2019." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 17, no. 2 (February 2019): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2019.0008.

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As treatment of HIV has improved, people living with HIV (PLWH) have experienced a decreased risk of AIDS and AIDS-defining cancers (non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and cervical cancer), but the risk of Kaposi sarcoma in PLWH is still elevated about 500-fold compared with the general population in the United States. The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for AIDS-Related Kaposi Sarcoma provide diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance recommendations for PLWH who develop limited cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma and for those with advanced cutaneous, oral, visceral, or nodal disease.
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49

Mohata, Nehal Nareshkumar, Saud Gafur Deshmukh, Sudhir Sudhakar Pendke, Akshay Rajeshwar Padgilwar, and Sunil Devrao Dokhale. "Ocular manifestation in human immunodeficiency virus patients presenting to tertiary eye care centre in rural area." Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2021.071.

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The ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS may lead to visual impairment or blindness. The need of hour is an understating of ocular sequelae of HIV infection leading to an early diagnosis of AIDS so that we can start early and effective treatment as per conditions.1. To study the prevalence of ocular manifestations in HIV patients; 2. To study relation of CD4 T Cell count with ocular diseases. The study concluded that HIV/AIDS is a significant cause of ocular disease. Almost around 39% patients having HIV/AIDS have eye disease. HIV Retinopathy is most common in posterior segment and lens involvement is most common in anterior segment manifestations. Usually, early presentation of ocular manifestations in HIV/AIDS patients is asymptomatic or with very less symptoms, which leads to delay in diagnosis and treatment.
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Spencer, Kristie A., Jennifer Paul, Katherine A. Brown, Taylor Ellerbrock, and McKay Moore Sohlberg. "Cognitive Rehabilitation for Individuals With Parkinson's Disease: Developing and Piloting an External Aids Treatment Program." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 29, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_ajslp-19-0078.

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Purpose Cognitive deficits are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can have a detrimental effect on daily activities. To date, most cognitive treatments have had an impairment-based focus with primary outcome measures of formal neuropsychological test scores. Few, if any, studies have focused on functional improvement or patient-centered goals. Method Three individuals with idiopathic PD participated in an 8-week pilot treatment program to train for the use of compensatory external aids to achieve personalized goals. Goal attainment scaling was the primary outcome measure, which was independently judged by multiple raters at baseline, postintervention, and 1 month posttreatment and analyzed via T -score analysis. Descriptive measures, including self-report and spouse-report rating scales of cognitive functioning, were employed. Results All 3 participants improved in the majority of their laboratory and home goals posttreatment, as measured by goal attainment scaling, and maintained gains for the majority of goals 1 month posttreatment. Conclusions This is the 1st known study to implement an external aids treatment program with patient-centered goals for individuals with cognitive deficits from PD. Positive outcomes were likely influenced by 3 factors: (a) a theoretically motivated focus on external aids; (b) a well-documented, systematic approach to instruction; and (c) the personalization of goals. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10093493
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