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Journal articles on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) – Patients'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Thomsen, Hauke, Xinjun Li, Kristina Sundquist, Jan Sundquist, Asta Försti, and Kari Hemminki. "Familial associations for Addison’s disease and between Addison’s disease and other autoimmune diseases." Endocrine Connections 9, no. 11 (November 2020): 1114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-20-0328.

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Design Addison’s disease (AD) is a rare autoimmune disease (AID) of the adrenal cortex, present as an isolated AD or part of autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APSs) 1 and 2. Although AD patients present with a number of AID co-morbidities, population-based family studies are scarce, and we aimed to carry out an unbiased study on AD and related AIDs. Methods We collected data on patients diagnosed with AIDs in Swedish hospitals and calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) in families for concordant AD and for other AIDs, the latter as discordant relative risks. Results The number of AD patients was 2852, which accounted for 0.4% of all hospitalized AIDs. A total of 62 persons (3.6%) were diagnosed with familial AD. The SIR for siblings was remarkably high, reaching 909 for singleton siblings diagnosed before age 10 years. It was 32 in those diagnosed past age 29 years and the risk for twins was 323. SIR was 9.44 for offspring of affected parents. AD was associated with 11 other AIDs, including thyroid AIDs and type 1 diabetes and some rarer AIDs such as Guillain–Barre syndrome, myasthenia gravis, polymyalgia rheumatica and Sjögren’s syndrome. Conclusions The familial risk for AD was very high implicating genetic etiology, which for juvenile siblings may be ascribed to APS-1. The adult part of sibling risk was probably contributed by recessive polygenic inheritance. AD was associated with many common AIDs; some of these were known co-morbidities in AD patients while some other appeared to more specific for a familial setting.

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2

Kohan, Darius, Paul E. Hammerschlag, and Roy A. Holliday. "Otologic Disease in AIDS Patients." Laryngoscope 100, no. 12 (December 1990): 1326???1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-199012000-00016.

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3

Weissler, Jonathan C., and Ann R. Mootz. "Pulmonary Disease in AIDS Patients." American Journal of the Medical Sciences 300, no. 5 (November 1990): 330–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000441-199011000-00010.

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4

Chen, Yahong, Jinjin Yuan, Xianlin Han, Xiaolong Liu, Xiao Han, and Hanhui Ye. "Coexpression Analysis of Transcriptome on AIDS and Other Human Disease Pathways by Canonical Correlation Analysis." International Journal of Genomics 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9163719.

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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome is a severe disease in humans caused by human immunodeficiency virus. Several human genes were characterized as host genetic factors that impact the processes of AIDS disease. Recent studies on AIDS patients revealed a series disease is complicating with AIDS. To resolve gene interaction between AIDS and complicating diseases, a canonical correlation analysis was used to identify the global correlation between AIDS and other disease pathway genes expression. The results showed that HLA-B, HLA-A, MH9, ZNED1, IRF1, TLR8, TSG101, NCOR2, and GML are the key AIDS-restricted genes highly correlated with other disease pathway genes. Furthermore, pathway genes in several diseases such as asthma, autoimmune thyroid disease, and malaria were globally correlated with ARGs. It suggests that these diseases are a high risk in AIDS patients as complicating diseases.

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5

Wilcox, C. Mel, and Klaus E. Mönkemüller. "Hepatobiliary Diseases in Patients with AIDS: Focus on AIDS Cholangiopathy and Gallbladder Disease." Digestive Diseases 16, no. 4 (1998): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000016868.

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6

Hamm, Hinrich, and Heinrich Matthys. "Pleural disease in patients with AIDS." Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 3, no. 4 (July 1997): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00063198-199707000-00014.

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7

Bini, Edmund J., and David L. Diehl. "Colonic disease in patients with AIDS." Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 4, no. 2 (April 2002): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/tgie.2002.33010.

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8

Khondker, Lubna. "Dermatological Manifestations of HIV/AIDS Patients." Journal of Enam Medical College 9, no. 3 (September 22, 2019): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v9i3.43249.

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Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/ AIDS) is a global pandemic. According to Global HIV & AIDS statistics 2018, approximately 36.9 million people are living with HIV globally, 77.3 million [59.9 million–100 million] people have become infected with HIV since the start of the epidemic, 35.4 million [25.0–49.9 million] people died from AIDS-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic and 940000 [670000–1.3 million] people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2017. It weakens a person’s immune system by destroying important cells that fight disease and infection. Dermatologic diseases are common in the HIV-infected population. Skin disease can be uniquely associated with HIV disease and many of the cutaneous diseases are not unique to this group, but the presentation can be more severe and recalcitrant to treatment. The spectrum of skin conditions includes skin findings associated with primary HIV infection and a broad range of skin problems related to the immune deficiency of advanced AIDS. Recognition of characteristic eruptions can facilitate early diagnosis of HIV. A broad variety of neoplastic, infectious and non-infectious diseases can manifest in the skin and may alert the clinician of declining of the immune system. This article reviews the current spectrum of HIV-associated skin conditions, focusing on common complaints, infections, drugassociated toxicity and malignancies based on recently published literature relevant to this area. J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(3): 185-188

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9

Kohan, Darius, Stephen G. Rothstein, and Noel L. Cohen. "Otologic Disease in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 97, no. 6 (November 1988): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948809700611.

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A 5-year retrospective study evaluating otologic disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was conducted at the New York University Medical Center-Bellevue Hospital Center. Twenty-six patients with documented otologic disease who met the Centers for Disease Control criteria for AIDS were identified and their charts were analyzed according to presenting complaints, physical examination, diagnostic modalities, pathologic condition, management, and outcome. A marked diversity of otologic diseases of varying severity was noted. The majority of patients complained of hearing loss and otalgia during their hospitalization for treatment of AIDS-related opportunistic infections. The most frequent diagnoses were otitis externa, acute otitis media, and otitis media with effusion. Sensorineural hearing loss frequently appeared to be related to ototoxic medications and neurologic infections.

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10

Soare, Alina, Simona Pintilie, Ana Maria Gherghe, Alexandra Radu, Rucsandra Dobrota, Mariana Sasu, Mihai Bojinca, Victor Stoica, and Carina Mihai. "PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS ASSOCIATING OTHER AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES HAVE A MILDER DISEASE COURSE." Romanian Journal of Rheumatology 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjr.2015.2.8.

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Background and objectives. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem connective tissue disease (CTD), being one of the most heterogeneous diseases of the spectrum of CTDs. It may associate other autoimmune diseases (AIDs), therefore in this study we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of other AIDs in a cohort of patients with SSc and to evaluate their prognosis in comparison to patients with SSc without this association. Patients and methods. We performed a retrospective study in patients with SSc satisfying the ACR 1980 or the ACR/EULAR 2013 criteria, who were evaluated between January 2005 and May 2014 in our SSc center. These patients were investigated according to the EUSTAR recommendations, including modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS), lung function tests (LFT), echocardiography etc. As a control group for evaluating the prevalence of the AIDs we used all patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) visiting our clinic between January-December 2005. Data of all RA patients were collected from the electronic database of the hospital. All AIDs mentioned in the discharge diagnoses were recorded. Between-group comparisons were made with the chi-square test for nominal variables and with the independent-sample t-test for numeric variables. Results. 144 patients with SSc were included: 88.8% females, 66.6% with the limited cutaneous subset of disease (lcSSc), mean age 53.9 ± 12.8 years, mean disease duration at study enrollment 5.1±10.5 years and a mean follow-up time of 3.7 ± 2.6 years. Prevalence of the AID in the SSc cohort was 19.4%, patients with lcSSc being more prone to associate other AID (p = 0.001). We noted a tendency towards less interstitial lung disease (p = 0.056) and less digital ulcers (p = 0.081) in patients with SSc and AIDs. Comparing skin involvement for each year of follow-up in patients with SSc with and without and AIDs we observed that the first tended to have lower and more stable values of the mRSS. Conclusion. Patients with SSc and AIDs tend to have a better outcome than the ones without this association. mRSS remains stable across the years in patients with SSc and AID, with lower values than the SSc patients.

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11

Navarro, Willis H., and Lawrence D. Kaplan. "AIDS-related lymphoproliferative disease." Blood 107, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-11-4278.

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Abstract Not long after the recognition of HIV as the causative agent of AIDS, it was evident that individuals infected with HIV developed lymphoma at a greater rate than the population at large. Approximately two thirds of AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) cases are categorized as diffuse large B-cell type, with Burkitt lymphomas comprising 25% and other histologies a much smaller proportion. Typically, these individuals have presented with advanced extranodal disease and CD4+ lymphocyte counts of less than 200/mm3. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated a better outcome with chemotherapy for ARL since the introduction of combination antiretroviral treatment, termed highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). For patients with relapses, solid evidence points to the safety and utility of hematopoietic-cell transplantation as a salvage modality. Coinfection with other viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus have led to the genesis of previously rare or unrecognized lymphoma subtypes such as plasmablastic and primary effusion lymphomas. The immunosuppressive impact of treatment for patients with ARL receiving chemotherapy with HAART appears transient and opportunistic infections have become less problematic than prior to HAART. Significant progress has been made in the understanding and management of ARL but outcomes still remain inferior compared to those achieved in HIV- individuals.

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Zonta, Marise Bueno, Sérgio Monteiro de Almeida, Mirian T. M. de Carvalho, and Lineu César Werneck. "Functional assesment of patients with AIDS disease." Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 7, no. 5 (October 2003): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-86702003000500004.

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13

Oelemann, Walter, Jorge N. Velásquez, Silvana Carnevale, Horacio Besasso, Maria G. M. Teixeira, and José M. Peralta. "Intestinal Chagas' disease in patients with AIDS." AIDS 14, no. 8 (May 2000): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200005260-00027.

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14

Volberding, Paul. "Treatment of malignant disease in AIDS patients." AIDS 2 (1988): S169–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-198800001-00025.

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15

AA, Rayes. "Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in AIDS Patients: A Report on 15 Cases." Journal of Infectious Diseases & Travel Medicine 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jidtm-16000180.

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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by a polyoma virus called JC polyoma virus (JCPyV). It affects patients with some diseases like lymphoproliferative diseases and patients with advanced AIDS usually with a CD4 count of less than 100 cells/L and carries a poor prognosis. Its clinical and radiological features are suggestive but could be similar to other diseases like toxoplasmosis and tuberculosis that can affect the CNS in AIDS patients. Here we report on 15 cases of PML, attended and managed in Tripoli University Hospital in Tripoli, Libya. All of the patients were in advanced stages of HIV infection, and were not using medications at presentation. All the patients except one died within a period of 2 days- 2 months of presentation possibly due to associated opportunistic infections (OI). PML has not been reported in the Libyan medical literature and here we report its clinical and radiological features and the prognosis of its course.

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16

Samuels, Hadas, Malki Malov, Trishna Saha Detroja, Karin Ben Zaken, Naamah Bloch, Meital Gal-Tanamy, Orly Avni, Baruh Polis, and Abraham O. Samson. "Autoimmune Disease Classification Based on PubMed Text Mining." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 4345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154345.

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Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are often co-associated, and about 25% of patients with one AID tend to develop other comorbid AIDs. Here, we employ the power of datamining to predict the comorbidity of AIDs based on their normalized co-citation in PubMed. First, we validate our technique in a test dataset using earlier-reported comorbidities of seven knowns AIDs. Notably, the prediction correlates well with comorbidity (R = 0.91) and validates our methodology. Then, we predict the association of 100 AIDs and classify them using principal component analysis. Our results are helpful in classifying AIDs into one of the following systems: (1) gastrointestinal, (2) neuronal, (3) eye, (4) cutaneous, (5) musculoskeletal, (6) kidneys and lungs, (7) cardiovascular, (8) hematopoietic, (9) endocrine, and (10) multiple. Our classification agrees with experimentally based taxonomy and ranks AID according to affected systems and gender. Some AIDs are unclassified and do not associate well with other AIDs. Interestingly, Alzheimer’s disease correlates well with other AIDs such as multiple sclerosis. Finally, our results generate a network classification of autoimmune diseases based on PubMed text mining and help map this medical universe. Our results are expected to assist healthcare workers in diagnosing comorbidity in patients with an autoimmune disease, and to help researchers in identifying common genetic, environmental, and autoimmune mechanisms.

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17

Prado-Calleros, Héctor M., Bertha B. Castillo-Ventura, Irma Jiménez-Escobar, Juan P. Ramírez-Hinojosa, Antonio López-Gómez, Miguel García-de-la-Cruz, and Mijal Dayan-Nurko. "Noma and Noma-like disease in HIV/AIDS patients, a comorbid interaction: A systematic review." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 12, no. 02 (February 28, 2018): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.9716.

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Introduction: Noma is an opportunistic polymicrobial infection that cause necrosis of the mouth and face, with high morbidity and mortality, predominantly affecting malnourished children and persons with debilitating diseases. Cases of noma-like disease in adults, although rare, have been increasingly reported in HIV/AIDS patients particularly in developing countries but also in more developed countries. Methodology: A systematic review of the literature to assess the occurrence and clinical impact of noma and noma-like disease in HIV/AIDS patients was performed on PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar using the keywords "HIV"[ All Fields] AND "Noma"[All Fields] in December 2016 (years includead for the search: 1985 to 2016). Results: Twenty-four published studies were identified that document the occurrence of noma or noma-like disease in a total of 133 HIV/AIDS children and adult patients in the last 22 years. Although HIV infection is not the principal risk factor for noma, in some regions may play a substantial role in its pathogenesis. The mortality rate for noma-like disease in HIV/AIDS patients was 54.3%, compared to the 15% mortality rate of treated noma patients without HIV/AIDS. Most of the cases have never been on antiretroviral therapy, and their HIV infection was discovered because of the noma-like disease. Conclusions: The syndemic interaction between HIV/AIDS and noma-like disease adversely impacts the severity of the disease and the mortality rate. Noma-like disease, although not yet considered a specific or frequent disease associated with HIV infection, should be considered as an opportunistic infection for AIDS.

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18

Cheong, I., P. J. Flegg, R. P. Brettle, P. D. Welsby, S. M. Burns, B. Dhillon, C. L. S. Leen, and J. A. Gray. "Cytomegalovirus Disease in AIDS: The Edinburgh Experience." International Journal of STD & AIDS 3, no. 5 (September 1992): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249200300504.

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Retrospective analysis of medical records of 557 HIV positive patients (including 113 with AIDS) revealed 17 patients with an antemortem clinical diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. This group comprised 7 injection drug users (2 male and 5 female) and 10 homosexual men. Males were significantly older than females, and homosexual men were significantly older than drug users at the time of diagnosis of CMV. All 17 patients had evidence of retinitis, and 6 also had evidence of extraocular disease. CMV retinitis was the AIDS defining diagnosis in two patients, and the attack rate of CMV in all AIDS patients progressively increased with time, with a 3-year CMV-free survival of 57%. Fifteen patients with CMV disease had evidence of previous CMV infection (CMV IgG positive), with 7 also having a positive CMV IgM and 10 a positive viral culture. The mean CD4+ lymphocyte count at diagnosis of CMV was 17 cells/mm3, compared with 68 cells/mm3 at diagnosis of AIDS. Therapy was unsatisfactory, often being complicated by marrow suppression. Relapse occurred in 11 patients after initial improvement but despite this only 3 patients died with severe visual impairment. The mean survival after a diagnosis of CMV was 10.5 months. This study confirms that disease caused by CMV is usually a late manifestation of AIDS, and the increasing prevalence among patients with AIDS implies that, the longer the survival, the greater the risk of disease. Frequent fundoscopy in HIV positive patients is of paramount importance particularly in patients who have a CD4+ lymphocyte count of less than 100 cells/mm3.

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Apriasari, Maharani Laillyza, Nur Aprilyani, Amy Nindia Carabelly, and Juliyatin Putri Utami. "Correlation of clinical profile toward oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS patients." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 33, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol33no1.26025.

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Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) exhibits the capability to weaken human immune system. The infected subject will later be more susceptible to suffer from opportunistic diseases when the CD4 cell count is lesser than 200 cell/µL. Oral Thrush, periodontal disease and xerostomia are common oral manifestations in AIDS patient which initially indicate the presence of HIV infection. No research has been conducted to discuss the association between oral manifestation HIV/AIDS toward socio-demographic and clinical profile of the HIV/AIDS patients. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyse the association between oral manifestation HIV/AIDS toward socio-demographic and clinical profile of the HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: This was an analysis study with cross sectional design performed in 2019. The data of clinical profil of HIV AIDS patient and oral manifestation were obtained from secondary data of medical record.The 55 samples were taken with total sampling technique. Results: Chi-square test showed there was a significant correlation between number of CD4 with candidiasis, oral thrush and periodontal disease. There was a significant correlation between duration of ARV therapy and candidiasis, oral thrush (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a correlation between the number of CD4 cells and the duration of ARV treatment on candidiasis,oral thrush, periodontal disease and xerostomia.

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Morris, Ashley K., and Amy Wells Valley. "Overview of the Management of AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 30, no. 10 (October 1996): 1150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809603001015.

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OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and staging of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), as well as the current role of local and systemic therapies in the management of AIDS-related KS (AIDS–KS). DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: MEDLINE and CANCERLIT searches of the English-language medical literature were conducted. Emphasis was placed on studies published since the onset of the AIDS epidemic in the early 1980s. A manual review of selected bibliographies was also completed. DATA SYNTHESIS: AIDS–KS is a disease with a heterogeneous presentation that affects approximately 20% of patients with AIDS. Although the proportion of AIDS patients developing this disease during the course of their illness is declining, the actual number of AIDS–KS cases is increasing. The etiology of AIDS–KS is not clear, but a sexually transmitted cofactor has been implicated. Recent reports demonstrate that a herpes-like virus may be responsible for the development of KS in patients with and without AIDS. Furthermore, the cellular origin of KS has not been identified and questions remain about whether KS represents a true malignancy. The system used in staging patients with AIDS–KS has changed dramatically since initial therapeutic trials were conducted; this may account for observed differences in outcome among trials. The immunologic status of patients is now included as part of the staging system, since it has prognostic significance. Since specific therapy for AIDS–KS is not curative and does not prolong survival, it should be directed at improving patient cosmesis and palliation of disease-related symptoms. Local therapy, such as radiation, cryotherapy, and intralesional chemotherapy, is recommended for the management of limited disease. Systemic interferon alfa or chemotherapy is indicated for disseminated disease. Interferon alfa is useful in patients with predominantly mucocutaneous disease and is most effective in patients with good prognostic factors, such as absence of B symptoms, no history of opportunistic infections, and a CD4 count of more than 200 cells/mm3. Interferon alfa alone or in combination with zidovudine produces responses in approximately 30% of AIDS–KS patients with good prognostic factors. Single-agent or combination chemotherapy is indicated for rapidly progressive or advanced AIDS–KS. Commonly used agents include doxorubicin, daunorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, and vinblastine. Responses can be expected in at least 50% of patients treated with single-agent or combination chemotherapy. However, many patients are unable to tolerate the toxicity associated with systemic AIDS–KS therapy. Future research will focus on therapies that target the underlying pathogenesis of this disease. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal therapy for patients with AIDS–KS has not been determined. Treatment is appropriately directed at palliation of disease-related symptoms as no therapy has been unequivocally proven to impact survival. Local therapies should be used in the management of localized disease, while systemic therapy is appropriate for disseminated disease. Interferon alfa is useful in patients with primarily mucocutaneous disease or asymptomatic visceral involvement. Chemotherapy is indicated in patients who have rapidly progressive or advanced disease. Therapy must be individualized according to the patient's disease course and other patient-specific factors.

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Hadad, David Jamil, Maria Cecília de Almeida Palhares, Anna Luiza Nunes Placco, Carmem Silvia Bruniera Domingues, Adauto Castelo Filho, Lucilaine Ferrazoli, Sueli Yoko Mizuka Ueki, Maria Alice da Silva Telles, Maria Conceição Martins, and Moisés Palaci. "Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) isolated from AIDS patients and the criteria required for its implication in disease." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 37, no. 5 (October 1995): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651995000500001.

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Before the AIDS pandemia, the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was responsible in most cases for the pneumopathies that attack patients with basic chronic pulmonary diseases such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis36. In 1981, with the advent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), MAC started to represent one of the most frequent bacterial diseases among AIDS patients, with the disseminated form of the disease being the major clinical manifestation of the infection8. Between January 1989 and February 1991, the Section of Mycobacteria of the Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, isolated MAC from 103 patients by culturing different sterile and no-sterile processed specimens collected from 2304 patients seen at the AIDS Reference and Training Center and/or Emilio Ribas Infectology Institute. Disseminated disease was diagnosed in 29 of those patients on the basis of MAC isolation from blood and/or bone marrow aspirate. The other 74 patients were divided into categories highly (5), moderately (26) and little suggestive of disease (43) according to the criteria of DAVIDSON (1989)10. The various criteria for MAC isolation from sterile and non-sterile specimens are discussed.

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Mohata, Nehal Nareshkumar, Saud Gafur Deshmukh, Sudhir Sudhakar Pendke, Akshay Rajeshwar Padgilwar, and Sunil Devrao Dokhale. "Ocular manifestation in human immunodeficiency virus patients presenting to tertiary eye care centre in rural area." Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2021.071.

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The ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS may lead to visual impairment or blindness. The need of hour is an understating of ocular sequelae of HIV infection leading to an early diagnosis of AIDS so that we can start early and effective treatment as per conditions.1. To study the prevalence of ocular manifestations in HIV patients; 2. To study relation of CD4 T Cell count with ocular diseases. The study concluded that HIV/AIDS is a significant cause of ocular disease. Almost around 39% patients having HIV/AIDS have eye disease. HIV Retinopathy is most common in posterior segment and lens involvement is most common in anterior segment manifestations. Usually, early presentation of ocular manifestations in HIV/AIDS patients is asymptomatic or with very less symptoms, which leads to delay in diagnosis and treatment.

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23

Burke, Don G., Steven N. Emancipator, Michael C. Smith, and Robert A. Salata. "Histoplasmosis and Kidney Disease in Patients with AIDS." Clinical Infectious Diseases 25, no. 2 (August 1997): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/514556.

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Santos, Edwiges, Andre Japiassu, Marcia Lazera, and Fernando Bozza. "Fungal disease in AIDS patients in intensive care." Critical Care 17, Suppl 4 (2013): P41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc12941.

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Mhiri, Chokri, Laurent Bélec, Bernard Di Costanzo, Alain Georges, and Romain Gherardi. "The slim disease in African patients with AIDS." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 86, no. 3 (May 1992): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(92)90323-5.

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26

Benson, Constance A. "Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease in Patients With AIDS." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 4, no. 1 (January 1995): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019048-199501000-00001.

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McGrath, Betty J., and Cheryl L. Newman. "Genital Herpes Simplex Infections in Patients With the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 14, no. 5 (September 10, 1994): 529–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1994.tb02850.x.

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On August 14, 1987, the Centers for Disease Control revised the surveillance case definition for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to include several indicator diseases. The addition of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections to the definition reemphasized the increasing frequency of severe HSV infections in patients also infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These infections in patients with AIDS are associated with considerable morbidity similar to reports of HSV in other immunocompromised populations. Their spectrum can include persistent or recurrent genital disease, severe visceral involvement, and disseminated infection. Patients with AIDS also are at increased risk of drug toxicities when receiving treatment for HSV infections in addition to antiretroviral therapy. Acyclovir, a selective and specific inhibitor of HSV replication, has been the mainstay of safe and effective treatment for HSV for more than a decade. However, reports of acyclovir‐resistant strains of HSV in patients with AIDS have been steadily increasing since 1989. Although foscarnet has been successful in treating acyclovir‐resistant strains, foscarnet‐resistant strains have also been isolated. The search to find novel approaches for the treatment and suppression of HSV in patients with AIDS has become an added challenge in the management of this devastating disease.

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Pandya, Rupang, Hartmut B. Krentz, M. John Gill, Christopher Power, and M. John Gill. "HIV-Related Neurological Syndromes Reduce Health-Related Quality of Life." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 32, no. 2 (May 2005): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100003978.

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ABSTRACT:Background:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection frequently results in neurological complications but the impact of different neurological syndromes on patients' quality of life remains unknown.Methods:We investigated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) parameters among HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients with and without neurological disease, including 11 dimensions of HRQoL within the Medical Outcomes Short-form Health Survey-HIV.Results:Comparisons of sociodemographic and systemic clinical variables did not differ between HIV/AIDS patients with (n=94) and without (n=75) neurological disease. However, patients with neurological diseases exhibited significantly lower HRQoL scores compared to matched controls, which was most evident among HIV/AIDS patients with cognitive impairment and sensory neuropathy. Prospective analysis revealed diminishing HRQoL scores prior to neurological diagnosis followed by a progressive and sustained improvement in HRQoL scores after intervention over a 96-week period.Conclusions:These studies indicate that while HIV-related neurological diseases are associated with reduced HRQoL scores, enhanced neurological care has a positive impact on HIV/AIDS patients' overall well-being.

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Xie, Erfu, Zhongjian Zhao, Chengjing Yan, Yiting Zhang, Qiaodi Zhang, and Shiyang Pan. "Different vitamin D status in common multiorgan autoimmune disease patients." Journal of Laboratory Medicine 43, no. 5 (October 25, 2019): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labmed-2019-0104.

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Abstract Background Vitamin D plays a key role in calcium homeostasis and contributes to the regulation of the immune system. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency has been reported to be associated with autoimmune diseases (AIDs), especially with multiorgan AIDs. Various multiorgan AIDs may be different based on the vitamin D status. This study aims to investigate the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in patients with different common multiorgan AIDs. Methods A total of 295 patients with multiorgan AIDs treated in our hospital from January 2012 to September 2018 were recruited, including 137 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 85 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 32 cases of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and 41 cases of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD); 47 apparently healthy individuals were also recruited as controls. The serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with different multiorgan AIDs were measured with Roche electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and statistically analyzed the proportion of patients with normal, insufficiency and deficiency in 25(OH)D levels in different multiorgan diseases. The 25(OH)D levels of different multiorgan AID groups and healthy controls were also compared. Results Incidences of 25(OH)D deficiency in the RA, SLE, SS and MCTD groups were 21.2%, 35.3%, 25.0% and 22.0%, respectively, with significant inter-group differences (p < 0.05). The incidence in the SLE group was higher than in the RA, SS and MCTD groups, indicating severe 25(OH)D deficiency in patients with SLE. Significant inter-group differences (p < 0.05) were detected in the serum 25(OH)D levels in different multiorgan AID groups and in the healthy control group. Further pairwise comparison found a significantly higher level of 25(OH)D in the healthy control group than in the SLE, SS, RA and MCTD groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the 25(OH)D status in the SLE group was significantly lower than that in the SLE, SS, RA and MCTD groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions Serum 25(OH)D deficiency and a low 25(OH)D status are commonly seen in patients with different multiorgan AIDs compared to healthy controls, warranting vitamin D supplementation. Severe 25(OH)D deficiency and a lower 25(OH)D status were found in patients with SLE.

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Petros Kelkile, Desalegn. "Statistical Analysis of Adult HIV/AIDS Patients and Modelling of AIDS Disease Progression." Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics 4, no. 5 (2016): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.sjams.20160405.12.

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Stuart, Rhonda L., Margaret E. Hellard, Damien Jolley, Denis Spelman, Jennifer Hoy, Elaine M. Stevenson, Maria T. Yates, Norbert J. Ryan, and Christopher K. Fairley. "Cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS." International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971920064.

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Cases of cryptosporidiosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) residing in Melbourne over a 6-year period (1990-1995) are described. During this period 85 cases occurred, while 979 new AIDS diagnoses were notified. Over this period temporal clustering in cryptosporidial detection was evident ( P =0.007), but the pattern was not statistically associated with the season, rainfall ( P =0.88), mean average maximal temperature ( P =0.15) or mean average minimal temperature. Further studies should identify these risk factors and provide an opportunity to prevent this devastating disease.

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Guazzelli, Luciana Silva, Gisela Unis, Melissa Orzechowski Xavier, Cecília Bittencourt Severo, Pedro Dornelles Picon, and Luiz Carlos Severo. "Fungus ball in HIV-infected patients." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 51, no. 6 (December 2009): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652009000600007.

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Aspergillus is a phagocyte opportunistic fungus that causes aspergillosis, an unusual disease in patients with AIDS. Six cases of fungal ball in patients with AIDS are reported here. In this group, all patients had hemoptysis and tuberculosis as the underlying lung disease. The diagnosis of pulmonary fungus ball was based on the clinical and radiographic feature, combined with serological and mycological evidence of Aspergillus fumigatus.

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Borges, T., A. Barbosa, and S. Silva. "Adult-onset systemic autoinflammatory disorders: a clinical approach." Reumatismo 71, no. 4 (January 28, 2020): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2019.1192.

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Autoinflammatory disorders (AIDs) are a subgroup of immune-mediated syndromes that result from a primary dysfunction of the innate immune system. AIDs can be either monogenic or polygenic diseases. Unlike organspecific AIDs, systemic AIDs are characterized by fever and/or elevation of acute-phase reactants. This review aims to describe the most common adult-onset systemic AIDs, focusing mostly on polygenic and mixed-pattern diseases which are expected to be more prevalent in adult patients than monogenic AIDs overall. The literature was searched in Medline database. Organ-specific or childhood-onset systemic AIDs were excluded. AIDs were divided in three distinct groups: mixed-pattern, polygenic and adult-onset monogenic AIDs. Most adult-onset AIDs are polygenic but late-onset disease is not rare among monogenic AIDs such as familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). The diagnosis of systemic AIDs in adults is often delayed due to several factors and sometimes it is only established when amyloidosis or other complications are present. Therefore, it probably makes sense to primarily exclude common AIDs in adult patients with fever of unknown origin (and probably different presentations such as polyserositis) since a high prevalence of adult-onset Still’s disease or FMF is usually expected. Colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, immunosuppressive agents, interleukin-1 inhibitors and tumor necrosis factor antagonists constitute common therapeutic options for systemic AIDs.

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Goodier, Martin R., C. M. Mela, A. Steel, B. Gazzard, M. Bower, and F. Gotch. "NKG2C+ NK Cells Are Enriched in AIDS Patients with Advanced-Stage Kaposi's Sarcoma." Journal of Virology 81, no. 1 (October 11, 2006): 430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01567-06.

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ABSTRACT Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an AIDS-defining condition in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. We investigated the phenotype and function of the NKG2C+ NK cell population in individuals with AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma. The staging of AIDS KS patients according to the AIDS Clinical Trial Group criteria revealed that patients with the S1 disease stage have a significantly higher proportion of NKG2C+ cells than those with the S0 disease stage. NKG2C+ cells from S1-stage patients are highly enriched for the expression of KIR3DL1, are depleted of NKp46, and respond poorly to major histocompatibility complex class I-positive target cells. These data demonstrate a link between NK cell phenotype and function and disease prognosis in AIDS.

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Anggraini, Dwi Indria, Hendra Tarigan Sibero, Muhammad Yusran, and Ahmad Fauzi. "PREVENTION AND EARLY DETECTION OF CONDYLOMA ACUMINATA IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS/ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME." Jambura Journal of Health Sciences and Research 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35971/jjhsr.v3i2.9922.

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Abstract Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Indonesia continues to increase. HIV is a sexually transmitted infection that is often accompanied by condyloma acuminata or genital warts. The incidence of condyloma acuminata in HIV/AIDS patients is reported to vary from 10 to 30% and is associated with low CD4+ levels or at an advanced stage of HIV/AIDS. Condyloma acuminata is caused by the Human Papilloma virus which can develop into malignancy. The purpose of this activity were to increase knowledge about the disease, risk factors, and efforts to prevent condyloma acuminata, as well as to conduct early detection of condyloma acuminate disease in HIV/AIDS patients. The service was carried out through direct education to HIV/AIDS patients who went to the VCT polyclinic at dr. H. Abdul Moeloek. Early detection was done by screening new cases of HIV/AIDS patients. This activity was held for three months and was attended by 112 participants. The results of the activity showed that education could increase the knowledge about the disease, risk factors, and efforts to prevent condyloma acuminata and found 14.3% of condyloma acuminata diseases in the screening program for early detection of disease. The continuity of education and screening program for condyloma

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Hidayati, Afif Nurul, Citra Dwi Harningtyas, Damayanti Damayanti, Maylita Sari, Linda Astari, Diah Mira Indramaya, M. Yulianto Listiawan, et al. "Mucocutaneous Manifestations in HIV/AIDS Patients." Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin 33, no. 3 (November 30, 2021): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikk.v33.3.2021.156-161.

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Background: The main target of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T lymphocytes and several other immune cells that have CD4 receptors. They are also present in skin and mucosa, such as Langerhans cells (LC). Mucocutaneous lesions are one of the first clinical presentations of immunosuppression in HIV seropositive patients that manifest at different stages of the infection and require early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Purpose: To determine the clinical characteristics and the pattern of various mucocutaneous manifestations in Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients at Intermediate Care and Infectious Diseases Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya. Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study with a cross-sectional design. The study subject was classified as all HIV-AIDS patients with mucocutaneous manifestations treated in Intermediate Care and Infectious Diseases Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya in 2019. Result: Out of the 614 patients who participated in the study, 72.1% were males. The majority of patients were in the age group 25–49 years (75.4%). The most common risk factor was heterosexuality (41.7%). Based on the distribution of mucocutaneous manifestations, the most common mucocutaneous manifestation was candidiasis mucocutan 387 patients (49.4%) followed by the pruritic papular eruption (PPE) 118 patients (15.1%) and human papillomavirus infection 57 patients (7.3%). Conclusion: Mucocutaneous manifestations occur throughout the course of HIV infection, and they can be considered as good clinical indicators for the progression of the disease and underlying immune status in resource-poor settings.

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Sodhi, Punita Kumari. "Orbital manifestations in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 6, no. 2 (December 13, 2014): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11710.

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Introduction: The orbital manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are uncommon.Objective: To provide a review of orbital manifestations of AIDS, the predisposing factors, investigations, treatment and outcome. Materials and methods: Meticulous and systematic literature search of Pubmed to identify manuscripts describing orbital manifestations of AIDS was done and the articles were reviewed. The keywords used in the search were “orbit and AIDS”, “HIV positive and orbit”, “orbit manifestations in AIDS”, “orbital disease and AIDS” and “orbital infections and AIDS”. The orbital involvement in AIDS may present with opportunistic infections from organisms like fungi, viruses, bacteria and protozoa or with malignancies like Kaposi’s sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, smooth muscle cell tumors and lymphoma. The predisposing factors for orbital involvement in AIDS are low CD4+ cell count and the immunosuppressive states like diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis, intravenous drug abuse and neutropenia. A patient may present with fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, decreased vision, ocular pain, and, in cases of mass formation, there is periorbital swelling, axial proptosis, globe displacement and swollen optic disc. Radiologically, mass formation, orbital bony destruction, and spread of disease to contiguous structures including the central nervous system may be seen. The medical management includes therapy for infection and HIV-1 protease inhibitors (highly active antiretroviral therapy) to suppress HIV-1 replication. For tumors, radical surgery including debulking followed by postoperative radiotherapy is generally needed. Conclusion: Orbital involvements with AIDS in any form, infective or malignancy, causes significant morbidity and mortality and should be diagnosed and managed as early as possible.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11710Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6(12): 205-219

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Yaro*, Abubakar, Edmund Puca, and Catherine Johnson. "Strategies for Improving Adherence in Patients with HIVAIDS." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 4, no. 12 (December 2023): 1675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1851.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 is the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Due to advances in clinical management, HIV/AIDS is now regarded a chronic disease instead of terminal disease. However, non-adherence is a challenge in effective management of HIV/AIDS. Non-adherence is classified into intentional and unintentional non-adherence Interactive toxicity belief is now one of the main factors that promotes non-adherence among HIV patients. Detecting non-adherence is an essential component of managing this phenomenon. A number measures has been proposed on how to manage non-adherence Optimum non-adherence-preventing measures should be holistic that involve different strategies. This review suggest MIB+ model for tackling non-adherence among HIV/AIDS patients. We also need to have more understanding on how stigma implicates non-adherence.

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Gholap, Sonali, Amit Mani, Shivani Sachdeva, Harpreet Singh Manaktala, Hiral Vora, and Jasleen Kaur Sodhi. "Interdental Aids – A review." IP International Journal of Periodontology and Implantology 6, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpi.2021.035.

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People brush their teeth for a variety of reasons: to feel revitalised and confident, to maintain a healthy smile, and to avoid bad breath and disease. Oral hygiene is critical for oral health preservation because it eliminates microbial plaque and prevents it from accumulating on teeth and gingivae. Control of the plaque is crucial for the management of periodontal diseases, but not all patients are at the same risk of disease development, and the difficulties depend on clinical findings. The clinical presentations and risk assessment for individual patients are to be adapted to the oral hygiene techniques and recommendations.Interdental aids are available in a variety of forms, including dental floss, interdental brushes, rubber tips, wooden tooth picks, water jets, and oral irrigators. Each of these options has distinct advantages and disadvantages. The appropriate interproximal cleaning aid is determined by the ease of use, the size of the interproximal space, the individual's acceptability, dexterity, and motivation. Thus, the dentist can make a recommendation based on the unique characteristics of each patient.

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Prinz, Nicole, Sascha R. Tittel, Rainer Bachran, Robert Birnbacher, Joachim Brückel, Désirée Dunstheimer, Holger Haberland, et al. "Characteristics of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and Additional Autoimmune Disease in the DPV Registry." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 9 (June 1, 2021): e3381-e3389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab376.

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Abstract Context Autoimmune diseases affect ~8% of the population. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is linked to other autoimmune diseases (AIDs), such as autoimmune thyroid disease or Addison’s disease (AD), that may impact diabetes therapy and outcome. Objective To analyze demographic and clinical characteristics of other AIDs in T1DM from a large standardized registry, the Prospective Diabetes Follow-up Registry (DPV). Methods We searched the registry for T1DM with the additional diagnosis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), Graves’ disease (GD), and/or AD. T1DM with other AIDs (n = 6166, 5.4%) were compared with isolated T1DM (n = 107 457). For group comparisons, we used multivariable regression models with age, sex, diabetes duration, migration background, and type of insulin regimen as basic adjustments (microvascular endpoints: additionally adjusted for glycated hemoglobin). Results Patients with additional AIDs were more often female (54.7 vs 32.0%, P < .001) and had a longer diabetes duration (7.9 [4.2-12.5] vs 6.7 [2.7-12.9] years, P < .001). After adjustment, daily insulin dosage was higher in AD and HT than in isolated T1DM (0.858 ± 0.032 and 0.813 ± 0.005 vs 0.793 ± 0.001 IU/kg per day). Retinopathy was less common in HT (1.5%), whereas it was more frequent in GD (3.1%) than in isolated T1DM (1.8%). In both GD and HT, microalbuminuria occurred less often (10.6% and 14.3% vs 15.5%) and neuropathy (2.1% and 1.8% vs 0.8%) was more common than in isolated T1DM. All P < .05. Conclusion T1DM with additional AIDs show heterogeneous differences compared with isolated T1DM. T1DM plus AD or HT requires more insulin. Further, the rate of neuropathy is higher in HT or GD, whereas the rate of microalbuminuria is lower.

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&NA;. "Clarithromycin treats M. avium disease in patients with AIDS." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 969 (January 1995): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199509690-00026.

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Sargent, Juliet, and Eileen Nixon. "IV access options for AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus disease." British Journal of Nursing 6, no. 10 (May 22, 1997): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.1997.6.10.543.

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., V. Nissapatorn, C. K. C. Lee ., Y. A. L. Lim ., K. S. Tan ., I. Jamaiah ., M. Rohela ., B. L. H. Sim ., et al. "Toxoplasmosis: A Silent Opportunistic Disease in HIV/AIDS Patients." Research Journal of Parasitology 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jp.2007.23.31.

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Corr, Peter D. "Imaging of Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease in AIDS Patients." American Journal of Roentgenology 187, no. 1 (July 2006): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.05.0190.

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Jacobson, Mark A. "Current Management of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Patients with AIDS." AIDS Patient Care 9, no. 1 (February 1995): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.1995.9.10.

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BENSON, CONSTANCE. "Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease in Patients with AIDS." AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 10, no. 8 (August 1994): 913–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.1994.10.913.

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JACOBSON, MARK A. "Current Management of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Patients with AIDS." AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 10, no. 8 (August 1994): 917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.1994.10.917.

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Bonacini, Maurizio, and Loren A. Laine. "Esophageal Disease in Patients with AIDS: Diagnosis and Treatment." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America 8, no. 4 (October 1998): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-5157(18)30233-2.

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Winston, Jonathan, Gilbert Deray, Trevor Hawkins, Lynda Szczech, Christina Wyatt, and Benjamin Young. "Kidney Disease in Patients with HIV Infection and AIDS." Clinical Infectious Diseases 47, no. 11 (December 2008): 1449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/593099.

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Kennedy, P. G. E., D. Kennedy, C. Love, M. G. T. Dow, and I. Bone. "Neurological Features of HIV-Related Disease in Glasgow." Scottish Medical Journal 34, no. 2 (April 1989): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693308903400207.

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The neurological features of 10 patients with HIV-related disease seen in Glasgow between July 1984 and May 1988 are described. Two of these patients presented with ARC and eight with AIDS. Six patients showed features consistent with a diagnosis of AIDS-dementia complex, one had cerebral toxoplasmosis, one had CNS lymphoma, one had a probable drug-induced encephalopathy and one patient had a meningoencephalitis of undetermined cause. Seven of these patients have now died. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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