Academic literature on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) Patients Victoria Melbourne'
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Journal articles on the topic "AIDS (Disease) Patients Victoria Melbourne"
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Thomas, S. L., K. Lam, L. Piterman, A. Mijch, and P. A. Komesaroff. "Complementary medicine use among people living with HIV/AIDS in Victoria, Australia: practices, attitudes and perceptions." International Journal of STD & AIDS 18, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646207781147292.
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There is limited evidence suggesting the underlying reasons for the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) by people with HIV/AIDS, or individual attitudes and beliefs about the use of CAMs. Using focus groups and a survey with 151 individuals attending the HIV Clinics at The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, we aimed to provide insights into factors that influence the use of CAMs among people living with HIV/AIDS. Roughly half (49%) of the participants had used CAMs to manage their HIV/AIDs. Users of CAMs utilized a wide range of treatments in managing their condition, but costs of the CAMs meant that users were not necessarily able to use them as much as they might have liked. Use of CAMs was based on a desire to find something beneficial rather than on being dissatisfied with conventional medicine. Further research is needed into (a) the effects of CAMs and (b) the enhancement of communication and collaboration between patients, doctors and complementary medicine practitioners.
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Stuart, Rhonda L., Margaret E. Hellard, Damien Jolley, Denis Spelman, Jennifer Hoy, Elaine M. Stevenson, Maria T. Yates, Norbert J. Ryan, and Christopher K. Fairley. "Cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS." International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971920064.
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Cases of cryptosporidiosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) residing in Melbourne over a 6-year period (1990-1995) are described. During this period 85 cases occurred, while 979 new AIDS diagnoses were notified. Over this period temporal clustering in cryptosporidial detection was evident ( P =0.007), but the pattern was not statistically associated with the season, rainfall ( P =0.88), mean average maximal temperature ( P =0.15) or mean average minimal temperature. Further studies should identify these risk factors and provide an opportunity to prevent this devastating disease.
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Pilcher, David V., Graeme Duke, Melissa Rosenow, Nicholas Coatsworth, Genevieve O’Neill, Tracey A. Tobias, Steven McGloughlin, et al. "Assessment of a novel marker of ICU strain, the ICU Activity Index, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria, Australia." Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.3.oa7.
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OBJECTIVES: To validate a real-time Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Activity Index as a marker of ICU strain from daily data available from the Critical Health Resource Information System (CHRIS), and to investigate the association between this Index and the need to transfer critically ill patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Victoria, Australia. DESIGN: Retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING: All 45 hospitals with an ICU in Victoria, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Patients in all Victorian ICUs and all critically ill patients transferred between Victorian hospitals from 27 June to 6 September 2020. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Acute interhospital transfer of one or more critically ill patients per day from one site to an ICU in another hospital. RESULTS: 150 patients were transported over 61 days from 29 hospitals (64%). ICU Activity Index scores were higher on days when critical care transfers occurred (median, 1.0 [IQR, 0.4–1.7] v 0.6 [IQR, 0.3–1.2]; P < 0.001). Transfers were more common on days of higher ICU occupancy, higher numbers of ventilated or COVID-19 patients, and when more critical care staff were unavailable. The highest ICU Activity Index scores were observed at hospitals in north-western Melbourne, where the COVID-19 disease burden was greatest. After adjusting for confounding factors, including occupancy and lack of available ICU staff, a rising ICU Activity Index score was associated with an increased risk of a critical care transfer (odds ratio, 4.10; 95% CI, 2.34–7.18; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The ICU Activity Index appeared to be a valid marker of ICU strain during the COVID-19 pandemic. It may be useful as a real-time clinical indicator of ICU activity and predict the need for redistribution of critical ill patients.
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Rose, Louise, Sioban Nelson, Linda Johnston, and Jeffrey J. Presneill. "Decisions Made By Critical Care Nurses During Mechanical Ventilation and Weaning in an Australian Intensive Care Unit." American Journal of Critical Care 16, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2007.16.5.434.
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Background Responsibilities of critical care nurses for management of mechanical ventilation may differ among countries. Organizational interventions, including weaning protocols, may have a variable impact in settings that differ in nursing autonomy and interdisciplinary collaboration. Objective To characterize the role of Australian critical care nurses in the management of mechanical ventilation. Methods A 3-month, prospective cohort study was performed. All clinical decisions related to mechanical ventilation in a 24-bed, combined medical-surgical adult intensive care unit at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, a university-affiliated teaching hospital in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, were determined. Results Of 474 patients admitted during the 81-day study period, 319 (67%) received mechanical ventilation. Death occurred in 12.5% (40/319) of patients. Median durations of mechanical ventilation and intensive care stay were 0.9 and 1.9 days, respectively. A total of 3986 ventilation and weaning decisions (defined as any adjustment to ventilator settings, including mode change; rate or pressure support adjustment; and titration of tidal volume, positive end-expiratory pressure, or fraction of inspired oxygen) were made. Of these, 2538 decisions (64%) were made by nurses alone, 693 (17%) by medical staff, and 755 (19%) by nurses and staff in collaboration. Decisions made exclusively by nurses were less common for patients with predominantly respiratory disease or multiple organ dysfunction than for other patients. Conclusions In this unit, critical care nurses have high levels of responsibility for, and autonomy in, the management of mechanical ventilation and weaning. Revalidation of protocols for ventilation practices in other clinical contexts may be needed.
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LANTSBERG, Daniel, Yossi MIZRACHI, and Darren KATZ. "Micro-TESE Outcomes for Non-Obstructive Azoospermia — The First Australian Series." Fertility & Reproduction 04, no. 03n04 (September 2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222740528.
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Background: Micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) for non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) was shown to achieve the best sperm retrieval rate (SRR) compared to other techniques. However, to date there is no large series of published Australian data. Aim: To study the incidence and predicting factors of successful sperm extraction in men with NOA undergoing micro-TESE in Victoria. Method: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of all consecutive patients with confirmed NOA who were treated between August 2014 and April 2020 in a single medical centre in Melbourne, Victoria. None were excluded. Patients underwent micro-TESE and upon a successful sperm retrieval, sperm was either frozen for fertility preservation or used fresh for ICSI. Results: During the study period, 85 men with NOA underwent micro-TESE in our centre. The overall sperm retrieval rate (SRR) was 61.2% (52/85). All patients with a history of surgically treated cryptorchidism or childhood diseases had a successful sperm retrieval. Patients with Kleinfelter syndrome had a 75% SRR. Patients with Idiopathic NOA and patients with a history of chemotherapy had a 50% and 40% SRR, respectively. Among the different types of testicular pathology, the highest SRR was found in men with complete hyalinization (100%). Hypospermatogenesis was associated with a high SRR of 93.3%, while Sertoli-cell-only histology was associated with only 46.3% SRR. The SRR has significantly increased from 33.3% in 2015-2016 to 73.6% in 2019-2020 (p=0.003). On Multivariate logistic regression analysis, baseline FSH levels <20 IU and history of childhood disease or Klinefelter syndrome were significantly associated with successful sperm retrieval. The cumulative pregnancy rate was 23.7%. Conclusion: This first report from Australia indicates that micro-TESE is an effective method for the treatment of NOA with high SRR and pregnancy rate. Our results can help patient management and counseling.
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Fraser, Jennifer. "Rendering Inuit cancer “visible”: Geography, pathology, and nosology in Arctic cancer research." Science in Context 33, no. 3 (September 2020): 195–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889721000016.
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ArgumentIn August of 1977, Australian pathologist David W. Buntine delivered a presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australia in Melbourne, Victoria. In this presentation, he used the diagnostic category of “Eskimoma,” to describe a unique set of salivary gland tumors he had observed over the past five years within Winnipeg’s Health Sciences Center. Only found amongst Inuit patients, these tumors were said to have unique histological, clinical, and epidemiological features and were unlike any other disease category that had ever been encountered before. To understand where this nosological category came from, and its long-term impact, this paper traces the historical trajectory of the “Eskimoma.” In addition to discussing the methods and infrastructures that were essential to making the idea of Inuit cancer “visible,” to the pathologist, the epidemiologist, and to society at large, this paper discusses how Inuit tissue samples obtained, stored, and analyzed in Winnipeg, Manitoba, came to be codified into a new, racially based disease category – one that has guided Canadian and international understandings of circumpolar cancer trends and shaped northern healthcare service delivery for the past sixty years.
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Hunter, Barbara, Ruby Biezen, Karyn Alexander, Natalie Lumsden, Christine Hallinan, Anna Wood, Rita McMorrow, Julia Jones, Craig Nelson, and Jo-Anne Manski-Nankervis. "Future Health Today: codesign of an electronic chronic disease quality improvement tool for use in general practice using a service design approach." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e040228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040228.
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ObjectiveTo codesign an electronic chronic disease quality improvement tool for use in general practice.DesignService design employing codesign strategies.SettingGeneral practice.ParticipantsSeventeen staff (general practitioners, nurses and practice managers) from general practice in metropolitan Melbourne and regional Victoria and five patients from metropolitan Melbourne.InterventionsCodesign sessions with general practice staff, using a service design approach, were conducted to explore key design criteria and functionality of the audit and feedback and clinical decision support tools. Think aloud interviews were conducted in which participants articulated their thoughts of the resulting Future Health Today (FHT) prototype as they used it. One codesign session was held with patients. Using inductive and deductive coding, content and thematic analyses explored the development of a new technological platform and factors influencing implementation of the platform.ResultsParticipants identified that the prototype needed to work within their existing workflow to facilitate automated patient recall and track patients with or at-risk of specific conditions. It needed to be simple, provide visual snapshots of information and easy access to relevant guidelines and facilitate quality improvement activities. Successful implementation may be supported by: accuracy of the algorithms in FHT and data held in the practice; the platform supporting planned and spontaneous interactions with patients; the ability to hide tools; links to Medicare Benefits Schedule; and prefilled management plans. Participating patients supported the use of the platform in general practice. They suggested that use of the platform demonstrates a high level of patient care and could increase patient confidence in health practitioners.ConclusionStudy participants worked together to design a platform that is clear, simple, accurate and useful and that sits within any given general practice setting. The resulting FHT platform is currently being piloted in general practices and will continue to be refined based on user feedback.
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Chiang, Yung-Chih, Anna Collins, Prem Chopra, Ti Lu, Eng-Seong Tan, and Jeremy W. Couper. "Understanding the experiences of Mandarin-speaking patients diagnosed with life-threatening cancer in Australia." Palliative and Supportive Care 13, no. 5 (November 10, 2014): 1317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951514001175.
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AbstractObjective:People from ethnic minority groups who receive cancer care outside their country of origin may experience poor survival and psychological outcomes relative to that nation's majority groups. This exploratory qualitative study aimed to understand the experience of a large minority group of Mandarin-speaking cancer patients (MSCPs) after diagnosis and treatment of their cancer in Australia, with a view to delineate if cultural or linguistic factors affected the quality of care provided.Method:We employed an exploratory qualitative design involving interviews with 22 MSCPs who were treated during 2009 at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre (PMCC) in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were interviewed by a bilingual psychiatrist, audiotaped, transcribed in Mandarin, and then translated into English before being subjected to thematic analysis by two independent researchers.Results:MSCPs experienced notable challenges as a result of both language difficulties and differing cultural approaches, which often limited their understanding of their disease and impeded their ability to access quality care and adequate support. The results call for Australia and other Western nations with increasingly diverse populations to consider how cancer care can be modified to better support people from minority groups to effectively cope with their diagnosis and treatment.Significance of results:This study raises several suggestions for service improvement, including the development of bilingual communication aids, improved educational opportunities for clinical staff to aid their mastery of cultural issues and effective interpreter consultations, and improved access to supportive services offering culturally specific strategies.
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Wang, Julie, Kay Weng Choy, Hui Yin Lim, and Prahlad Ho. "Impaired Fibrinolytic Potential Predicts Oxygen Requirement in COVID-19." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): 1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12101711.
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Abnormal coagulation and fibrinolysis contributes to the respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19. We aimed to explore the association of impaired fibrinolytic potential with disease severity and oxygen requirement in hospitalized patients. Adults admitted to hospital with confirmed COVID-19 infection between 1–31 January 2022 were included, corresponding to the first Omicron outbreak in Melbourne, Victoria. The first citrated plasma sample requested within 24 h of the patient’s presentation was obtained and analyzed by the overall hemostatic potential (OHP) assay, a spectrophotometric assay in which fibrin formation (triggered by small amounts of thrombin (OCP)) and fibrinolysis (by the addition of thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator (OHP and OFP%)) were simultaneously measured. There were 266 patients (median 72 years, 52.9% male), of which 49.6% did not require oxygen therapy. COVID-19 severity and requirement for oxygen was significantly associated with higher OCP, OHP, and lower OFP%. Vaccinated individuals compared with non-vaccinated individuals had significantly lower OHP (16.5 vs. 23.1, p = 0.015) and higher OFP (72.0% vs. 65.1%, p = 0.005), as well as significantly lower AST, ferritin, LDH, CRP, and D-dimer. A multivariate model containing OHP was constructed with the outcome of oxygen requirement, with c-statistic of 0.85 (95%CI 0.81–0.90). In this pilot study, we show a significant correlation between OHP results and requirement for oxygen supplementation in hospitalized patients during a period dominated by the Omicron variant. The results were incorporated into a multivariate model that predicted for oxygen requirement, with high discriminative ability.
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Gold, R. S., J. Hinchy, and C. G. Batrouney. "The reasoning behind decisions not to take up antiretroviral therapy in Australians infected with HIV." International Journal of STD & AIDS 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462001916065.
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A substantial minority of HIV-infected Australians are not taking antiretroviral drugs. This study investigated the reasons behind their decision not to do so. Anyone who was HIV-infected but not taking antiretroviral drugs could participate. A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was used, the principal recruitment method being through insertion of the questionnaire into gay community newspapers in Sydney and Melbourne. All respondents were asked questions covering demographics, previous AIDS-defining illnesses, T-cell and viral load monitoring, and previous use of antiretroviral drugs. In addition, respondents who had considered going on antiretroviral treatment, but then decided not to do so, were given a list of possible reasons for their decision and asked to indicate how much each played a role in their thinking. Of the 270 respondents, the great majority were gay men. One-eighth had experienced AIDS-defining illnesses. Two-thirds had recently had T-cell and viral load tests. One-third had taken antiretroviral drugs previously. Over two-thirds had considered antiretroviral therapy, most having given the matter quite some thought. Reasons for not taking up therapy did not differ greatly at different stages of HIV disease. The most common individual reason was fear of side effects. Important themes that emerged from factor analysis of the reasons data included distrust of conventional medical approaches to treatment, practical problems associated with taking antiretroviral drugs, unpleasant thoughts that being on therapy would evoke, and acceptance of the idea of dying. The findings can be used by doctors and counsellors to help patients clarify and evaluate their concerns about antiretroviral therapy.