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1
Sendziuk, Paul 1974. "Learning to trust : a history of Australian responses to AIDS." Monash University, School of Historical Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9264.
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Petoumenos, Kathy Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Treatment experience and HIV disease progression: findings from the Australian HIV observational database." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24937.
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The Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD) is a collaboration of hospitals, sexual health clinics and specialist general practices throughout Australia, established in April 1999. Core data variables collected include demographic data, immunological and virological markers, AIDS diagnosis, antiretroviral and prophylactic treatment and cause of death. The first electronic data transfer occurred in September 1999 followed by six monthly data transfers thereafter. All analyses included in this thesis are based on patients recruited to AHOD by March 2004. By March 2004, 2329 patients had been recruited to AHOD from 27 sites throughout Australia. Of these, 352 (15%) patients were recruited from non-metropolitan clinics. The majority of patients were male (94%), and infected with HIV through male homosexual contact (73%). Almost 90% of AHOD patients are antiretroviral treatment experience, and the majority of patients are receiving triple therapy as mandated by standard of care guidelines in Australia. Antiretroviral treatment use has changed in Australia reflecting changes in the availability of new treatment strategies and agents. The crude mortality rate was 1.58 per 100 person years, and of the 105 deaths, more than half died from HIV-unrelated deaths. The prevalence of HBV and HCV in AHOD was 4.8% and 10.9%, respectively. HIV disease progression in the era of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) among AHOD patients is consistent with what has been reported in developed countries. Common factors associated with HIV disease progression were low CD4 cell count, high viral load and prior treatment with mono or double therapy at the time of commencing HAART. This was demonstrated in AHOD in terms of long-term CD4 cell response, the rate of changing combination antiretroviral therapy and factors predicting death. HBV and HCV coinfection is also relatively common in AHOD, similar to other developed country cohorts. Coinfection does not appear to be serious impediments to the treatment of HIV infected patients. However, HIV disease outcome following HAART does appear to be adversely affected by HIV/HCV coinfection but not in terms of HIV/HBV coinfection. Patients attending non-metropolitan sites were found to be similar to those attending metropolitan sites in terms of both immunological response and survival.
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McCarthy, Marilyn Rae. "Speaking the unspeakable : the themes, issues and concerns of seven HIV/AIDS educators in South Australia /." full text, 1993. https://www.library.health.sa.gov.au/Portals/0/speaking-the-unspeakable-the-themes-1993.pdf.
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Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of South Australia, 1993."Report of a thesis submitted for a masters in Education, Human Resource Studies August 1993"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 178-188).
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Hui, Wai-ting. "Serodiagnosis of Penicilliosis marneffei in HIV & non-HIV patients using a recombinant antigen Mp1p." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22029746.
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Walker, Blain S. "The diagnosis and treatment of major depression in AIDS patients : effect of counselor experience and attitude toward people with AIDS." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1137581.
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This study was an investigation into the clinical judgments made by counseling psychologists when faced with a patient who had major depression and AIDS. Two hundred and eighty one counseling psychologists evaluated one of four vignettes depicting an individual with major depression. In three of the vignettes the individual also had AIDS but the vignette varied on how the virus was contracted (unprotected gay sex, IV drug abuse, hemophilia). In the fourth vignette (the control group) the individual did not have AIDS. Results of the study suggested, that the presence of AIDS overshadows the evaluation and treatment decisions made by counseling psychologists when their patient has major depression and AIDS. Three factors-counseling psychologists' general experience with people who have AIDS, their clinical experience with AIDS patients and how the AIDS virus was contracted-were investigated for possible moderating effects of the overshadowing bias. How the AIDS virus was contracted was used as an indirect measure of clinician attitude toward people with AIDS. Neither general or clinical experience with AIDS patients appeared to have an effect on the diagnostic or treatment decisions made by counseling psychologists when evaluating depressed patients with AIDS. As with experience, method of contracting the AIDS virus did not have a moderating effect on the overshadowing bias. Implications of these results for the evaluation and treatment of depression in AIDS patients, as well as future research are discussed.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Grove, Teresa. "Nurses' attitudes toward patients with AIDS examined by hours of AIDS education." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4071.
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This study was designed to describe the attitudes of staff nurses toward patients who have Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and to determine if the 1989 Washington State licensing requirement for seven hours of AIDS education was effective in changing the attitudes of these nurses toward AIDS patients. Health care providers' attitudes toward patients with AIDS have been documented as differing from their attitudes toward patients with other debilitating conditions (cancer, diabetes, heart disease) in that they place more blame for getting the disease on those with AIDS, they tend to have some degree of homophobia, and they are sometimes overly cautions in using protective procedures around these patients. The consequence of these attitudes can be seen in the nursing care received by some of these patients: insensitive comments and avoidance behavior by staff.
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Demling, Jennifer. "Family caregiving for persons with AIDS." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/962800.
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This study examines the experience of individuals who participated or did not participate in the caregiving process for a family member who died within approximately the past three years of an AIDS-related illness. The focus of this study is on the adjustment of the caregivers and non-caregivers after the death of the PWA. It was hypothesized that due to their direct involvement in the caregiving process, caregivers would differ significantly from non-caregivers on a number of measures designed to evaluate adjustment. It was hypothesized that caregivers would report better overall adjustment than non-caregivers.Participants completed the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90; Derogatis, Lipman, & Covi, 1973), as well as a semi-structured interview about their experiences. A two-tailed t-test revealed no significant differences between groups. However, effect sizes computed for these variables revealed moderate to large diff ererences between caregivers and non-caregivers on the somatization and interpersonal subscales of the SCL-90. Comparisons to a standardization sample showed that caregivers differed significantly on all subscales from that standardization sample: Non-caregivers differed only on the depression and interpersonal sensitivity subscales. Analysis of the interview data revealed a significant difference in reported stress, with caregivers reporting significantly more stress during the illness of the PWA than non-caregivers. Effect sizes were computed for nine other interview categories; these suggested that caregiversreported substantially less social withdrawal, fewer feelings of guilt, fewer problems resolving issues with the PWA, substantially more physical illness, and more life affirming statements than their non-caregiver counterparts. Several other noteworthy trends that emerged in the interview portion of the study are discussed.Small sample size and pre-existing characteristics of the participants are explored as possible factors affecting the outcome of the study. More controlled studies exploring the adjustment of caregivers and non-caregivers are needed in order to better understand the possible differences that may exist between caregivers and non-caregivers in terms of adjustment after the death of their loved one from an AIDS-related illness.Department of Psychological Science
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Mlobeli, Regina. "HIV/AIDS Stigma: an investigation into the perspectives and expereinces of people living with HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6069_1189595852.
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People's attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS remain a major community challenge. There is a need to generate a climate of understanding, compassion and dignity in which people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) will be able to voluntarily disclose their status and receive the support and respect all people deserve. However, many people expereince discrimination because they have HIV/AIDS. In a certain area in Khayelitsha, a township in Cape Town, a young woman was killed after disclosing the HIV status after being raped by five men. While many previous studies have focused on the external stigma in the general population, there is a dearth of studies on stigma among PLWHA themselves and hence the aim of the present study was to investigate stigma attached to HIV/AIDS from the perspective of PLWHA.
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Baylor, Rita Atkins. "Nurses' attitudes toward caring for patients with AIDS." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845956.
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The main purpose of this study was to examine nurses' attitudes toward caring for patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The study also compared the attitudes of nurses who had cared for AIDS patients with the attitudes of nurses who had not cared for AIDS patients. Educational background was also examined to see if education influences attitudes. The Ajzen-Fishbein Model of Reasoned Action was the framework used for this study.A descriptive design was used for the purpose of gaining more information regarding nurses' attitudes toward caring for patients with AIDS. A random sample of all registered nurses in the state of Indiana was used for this study. The data obtained were analyzed using frequency distributions, independent t-tests, and analysis of variance.Nurses in general are sill uncomfortable with caring for AIDS patients. Between 40% and 50% of nurses are fearful of contracting the AIDS virus and fearful of putting their family at risk. On the other hand, approximately the same percentage are comfortable caring for AIDS patients. Furthermore, nurses believe that health care agencies should care for AIDS patients, but believe that nurses should have the right to refuse to care for AIDS patients.Results of this study indicated that educational background does not influence nurses' attitudes toward caring for patients with AIDS. However, as nurses have more experience caring for patients with AIDS, they appear to develop more positive attitudes.School of Nursing
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Gilbert, Hannah. "Rallying resources : strategies of therapeutic engagement among patients living with HIV in Senegal." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79769.
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In recent years there has been a worldwide recognition of the disparity of HIV treatment available in the West and in Sub-Saharan Africa. The West African nation of Senegal was early to implement measures that allowed for the distribution of highly effective anti-HIV therapy known as Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy to a limited number of patients. This thesis explores how patients living in Senegal who are infected with HIV have engaged in various negotiations to obtain access to treatment and other resources to meet the needs posed by their infection. These negotiations are framed by various historically embedded notions of how to engage relationships in the search for care. Strategies are also shaped by the biopolitically-laden discourse that guides the distribution of ARV therapy. This thesis traces the structure, evolution, and effects of patients' strategic negotiations in response to the introduction of this therapeutic technology.
11
Hlalele, M. K. "An exploratory study of the psychological impact of HIV/AIDS patients on the counsellor." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02172005-115427.
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Fourie, Stephanus. "KAPB surveys for HIV/AIDS : a critical review." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50617.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS is one of the most devastating pandemics the world has ever faced. SubSaharan Africa remains the region most affected where more two thirds of the total HIV positive population resides. Despite this region trying to grapple with many negative factors like political unrest, draughts, armed conflict, it now also have to content with HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS has already killed ten times more Africans than all of the armed conflicts on the African continent combined (The Washington Quarterly, 2001:191-196). Many of the Sub-Saharan countries are renowned for unemployment and poverty which can be partly be alleviated by economic growth. Studies by Bonnel (2000) concluded that a typical Sub-Saharan country with a 20% HIV/AIDS prevalence rate, would suffer a 2.6% reduction in GDP growth per annum. This indicates that South Africa, where an estimated S.5 million HIV positive people resides (the most in globe) and ever increasing HIV prevalence, is in a serious predicament. There are many interacting variables causing the negative socioeconomic decline. At organisational level direct and indirect costs attributable to HIV, results in a severe decline of profitability and jeopardises sustainable economic activity. Direct costs include costs for medical treatment, health insurance, funeral expenses, retirement and disability and costs to manage HIV in the workplace. Indirect costs include absenteeism and loss of productivity, retraining and recruiting of employees to fill deceased employees' places etc. Although South African organisations acknowledge and predict that HIV/AIDS will have an ever-increasing negative impact on their business, the response to dealing with this issue has been insufficient. The deficient response could be partly ascribed to a lack of guidance, deficient proof of cost effectiveness with no real measurement for the outcomes of intervention programs. This study will critically evaluate a KAPB (knowledge, attitude, perception and behaviour) survey as a second-generation HIV surveillance tool that could address these organisational concerns. KAPB surveys have advantages like providing guidance and increasing cost effectiveness of HIV programs, benchmarking interventions and providing a platform for communication design and feedback to stakeholders. These benefits should motivate organisations to initiate programs that address HIV at an organisational level. KAPB surveys evaluate four employee factors related to HIV - knowledge, attitudes, perception and sexual behaviour. This report will critically evaluate the appropriateness of measuring these factors and some tools used to measure these factors. Further elaboration of the methodology during the execution of a KAPB survey will highlight the current best practices identified in literature. The report will also highlight the obstacles and ways of negotiating them when conducting a KPAB survey. The study will conclude that a well -executed KAPB survey through its many benefits should motivate and assist organisations in designing and implementing HIV/AIDS programs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: HIV is een van die ernstigste pandemies wat die wereld al ooit beleef het. Die state in die Sub-Sahara streek is die ergste geaffekteer en meer as twee derdes van die totale HIV positiewe populasie kom in die gebied voor. Die streek wat deurgaans geteister word deur politieke onrus, droogte, oorlog, moet nou ook probeer tred hou met MIV /VIGS. MIV/VIGS het tot op hede alreeds tien keer meer mense gedood as al die oorloë op die Afrika continent saam (The Washington Quarterly, 2001: 191-196). Die meeste van die state in Sub-Sahara word gekenmerk deur werkloosheid en armoede wat deels verlig kan word deur ekonomiese groei. Studies deur Bonnel (2000) het getoon dat die tipiese staat in Sub-Sahara, met 'n 20% MIV insidensie 'n vermindering van tot 2.6% groei in die GDP kan ondervind. Dit voorspel dat Suid-Afrika met 'n voorspelde 5.5 miljoen HIV positiewe inwoners (die meeste in die wereld) ekonomiese noodlot in die oog staar. Daar is verskeie faktore wat saamwerk om die negatiewe ekonomiese 'effek van MIV/VIGS te bewerkstellig. Organisasies se ekonomiese vooruitgang en oorlewing word bedreig deur direkte en indirect kostes van MIV. Direkte kostes wat organisasies moet aangaan sluit in mediese behandeling, mediese fonds bydraes, begrafnis onkostes, aftrede en ongeskiktheidspensioenbetalings. Indirekte kostes sluit in afwesighede, verlies aan produktiwiteit en die heropleiding en werwing van werknemers wat afgestorwe werknemers se plek moet neem. Ten spyte van die feit dat organisasies erken en voorspel dat MIV/VIGS 'n negatiewe impak op die ekonomies welvaart van organisasies sal hê, het weining van die organisasies aksie geneem om die probleem aan te spreek. 'n Moontlike rede vir die onvoldoende aksie kan toegeskryf word aan die tekort aan leiding, bewyse vir kostedoeltreffendheid en geen werklike maatstaf om die programme se resultate te evalueer. Hierdie studie sal KGPG (kennis, gevoelens, persepsie ' en gedrag) studies as 'n tweede generasie MIV opname, krities evalueer. KGPG studies bied verskeie voordele soos om leiding vir HIV programme te bied en verbeterde koste effetiwiteit van MIV programme te bewerkstellig. KGPG studies voorsien ook 'n maatstaf om MIV programme te evalueer en 'n kommunikaise platvorm tussen aandeelhouers. Hierdie voordele sal moontlik organisasies motiveer om aksie te neem en MIV in die organisasie aan te spreek. KGPG studies evalueer vier werknemer faktore met betrekking to MIV /VIGS. Die vier faktore is kennis, gevoelens, persepsie en seksuale gedrag. Die verslag sal die vier faktore krities evalueer vir toepaslikheid en ook fokus op die instrumente wat die faktore evalueer. Aanbevelings sal ook gemaak word ten opsigte van die korrekte en beste metodes wat gevold moet work tydens 'n KGPG studie. Die struikelblokke wat ondervind kan word tydens 'n KGPG studie asook hoe om dit te oorkom sal bespreek word. Die verslag sal bewys dat 'n KGPG studie wat uitgevoer word in Iyn met die beste praktyk baie waarde kan toevoeg tot organisasies ten opsigte van die beplanning en uitvoering van programme om MIV/VIGS te bekamp.
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Malone, Marilyn Hinnenkamp. "Assessment of nutritional status in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101449.
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A detailed nutritional assessment was carried out on thirteen patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Estimates of body fat and skeletal muscle were measured using triceps-skinfold, mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle area, and creatinine height index. Body weight was compared to standards for height and sex. Serum albumin and transferrin levels were measured to estimate visceral protein stores. The average Kilocalorie and protein intake was assessed from four day records and compared to estimated Kilocalorie and protein needs.
The findings of this assessment showed decreased skeletal and visceral protein stores that can be characterized as a mixed type of malnutrition, or marasmic-kwashiokor. Protein intake was also shown to be inadequate when compared to estimated protein needs for stress and/or infection. This could contribute to diminished protein stores and muscle wasting.M.S.
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Karp, Licia Blyth. "An exploratory study of the psychosocial needs of homosexual AIDS patients." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14276.
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Includes bibliography.The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is primarily a sexually transmitted disease. The majority of those infected in the First World are homosexual and bisexual men, and intravenous drug users. The study combined a literature review and a case example to explore psychosocial needs of homosexual AIDS patients with a view to presenting recommendations for mental health practitioners to help alleviate the psychosocial trauma of these patients and their significant others. The literature review focussed on the psychosocial experiences of homosexual AIDS patients; their losses, reactions of their significant others; their emotional reactions to medical treatment, and, psychosocial treatment issues and approaches. The case example was a twenty-nine- year old hospitalized homosexual male. Information was received from the patient's befriender, his lover and from the patient himself. The reactions and experiences of this patient were concomitant with many of those discussed in the literature review, namely: The patient suffered major losses: employment, income, house and household possessions as well as social status, with the primary psychosocial effect of loss of independence and control. The patient also experienced some isolation and rejection from some friends, family and hospital staff, and geographical isolation for a period of time from his lover and family. He displayed anger and denial - aspects of his personality which were evident prior to his diagnosis but exacerbated by his illness.
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Klein, Hector Leon. "Pastoral-therapeutic work with family members infected and affected by HIV/AIDS a narrative approach /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/availabale/etd-08222005-10852/.
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Deitcher, Rebecca Ulman. "Health locus of control and HIV : a study of beliefs, attitudes, and high-risk behaviours among homosexual men attending a general medical clinic." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39806.
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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains an epidemic illness with no known cure. Survival time after infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has been lengthened considerably. Rates of new infection among the at-risk male homosexual populations have decreased. Prevention is possible through effective, targeted interventions. This study is an exploration of the role or health locus of control, an individual difference construct from the area of social learning theory, in the maintenance of health-oriented behaviours, co-risk indicative behaviours, and high-risk behaviours in a population of adult male homosexuals attending a general medical clinic. The findings result in distinctly different past histories and present patterns of homosexual behaviours among the two serostatus subpopulations. Low internal expectancy of control over health repeatedly relates in distinctive patterns with the areas of level of happiness, condom usage, and hish-risk sexual behaviours. High internal expectancy of control relates significantly to knowledge-related variables. The physician plays a pivotal role as the source of useful information in this at-risk population. The study population as a whole reports accurate knowledge about HIV and AIDS. The men have reduced high-risk behaviours, increased safer sexual behaviours, and implemented the changes advocated. Serostatus differentiates for many high-risk behavioural patterns. There remains a small core of men among the study participants who continue to participate in high-risk sexual behaviours.
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Wong, Wa-kit, and 王華潔. "The needs of and care for persons with HIV/AIDS in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31250300.
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Tutani, Lumka. "Nurses' experience of contesting discourses in HIV/AIDS activities in the primary health care setting." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002583.
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This paper explores the experience of nurses who work both as Primary Health Care Providers and counsellors trained in the narrative model of counselling in primary health care settings. Five focus groups were conducted in both Xhosa and English. Discourse analysis was used as a method of analysing the data. Training nurses in the narrative counselling model introduced an alternative discourse, which was experienced as contradicting their usual way of working. Two dominant discourses were the “not knowing” approach, assumed by the narrative model of counselling, and the “knowing” stance, assumed by health education. The institutionalised construction of counselling by doctors and matrons, and their power versus the power of the nurse counsellors was also cited as sources of conflict. Despite the tensions, narrative model of counselling seems to be offering new positions, which may benefit people living with HIV and improve HIV/AIDS activities in the Primary Health Care (PHC) context.
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Leaney, Alison Ann. "An evaluation of the Buddy/home Care Program : a palliative care program operated by AIDS Vancouver." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28717.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is presenting a real challenge to our Canadian health care system. As the numbers of infected grow, the greater the realization that health care and social services as they currently exist, are unable to adequately address the overwhelming need. With a special emphasis on hospice/palliative care services, which are seen as essential and very appropriate in the care of persons with AIDS (PWAs), this study seeks to evaluate one such service - the Buddy/Home Care Program offered by AIDS Vancouver - as a means of improving this program and illustrating the need to establish others to achieve an integrated hospice/palliative care service.
To evaluate the effectiveness of the Buddy/Home Care Program, four PWA Social Networks composed of four Persons With AIDS, five of their buddies, three Home Care Volunteers, two Buddy/Home Care Client Care Case Managers, and four Outside Agency Affiliated Persons, were interviewed using an interview guide approach. The interview guide was designed to tap the individual experiences of everyone associated with the Program, as well as their perceptions of the Program's strengths and weaknesses. Limitations in the study design and implementation arose from sampling, incomplete data, and
researcher-related issues. Data analysis followed the dimensional model of the Glaser and Strauss grounded theory.
The results are presented utilizing pertinent social network characteristics as a framework. First, each of the four PWA Social Networks are presented and described in relation to size and density. The networks vary in size from 12 to 25, and are characterized by low levels of density. Since the literature indicates that there is a positive association between network size and health status, it follows that the PWA with 12 individuals in his social network would have the lowest health status, while the PWA with 25 would have the highest. But this has not been found to be the case in this study. What is also unclear, is whether larger sized networks cause improved health, or whether health status determines network size. Although low density is far from the ideal prescribed by the hospice/palliative care approach, the literature is conflicting on the association between density and health status, suggesting that this low density is not necessarily undesirable. Second, an examination of the volunteer-client relationship subsystems reveals that the relationships fulfill the Client Care Case Managers expectations, in that the relationships between volunteers and clients range in intensity from being volunteer-client, to friend-friend, to parent-child oriented, and are characterized by a wide
variety of emotional, informational, instrumental, and companionship support functions consistent with these relationship dynamics. And third, an examination of the volunteer-agency relationship subsystems reveals high levels of appreciation of informational support provided by the agency through its volunteer training, relatively infrequent contact between volunteers and Client Care Case Managers, variable experiences of emotional support received from Client Care Case Managers, minimal amounts of emotional support received from the Buddy Support Group, and some confusion about which staff members are responsible for volunteers pre- and post-assignment.
Recommendations designed to improve volunteer-client and volunteer-agency relationships in the Buddy/Home Care Program, as well as others designed to promote the establishment of an integrated Canadian
hospice/palliative care service are presented in conclusion.Arts, Faculty of
Social Work, School of
Graduate
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Aucamp, Charle M. "The use of complementary and alternative therapies among adult HIV positive patients in an outpatient setting." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/758.
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Chambers, Anthony James St Vincent's Hospital UNSW. "The surgical management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. St. Vincent's Hospital, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19367.
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Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major cause of morbidity and death globally, and the number of individuals infected with this virus is increasing in many nations. Advanced HIV infection causes immunocompromise that predisposes to opportunistic infections and malignancies that characterise the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although the management of many of these AIDS-associated infections and malignancies is by medical means, surgeons play an important role the diagnosis and management of many of these conditions. Furthermore, patients with HIV infection may present with surgical disorders or traumatic injuries that are not related to HIV or AIDS. Health care workers managing patients with HIV infection and AIDS, particularly those involved in performing invasive procedures, are at risk of exposure to this virus in infected blood and body fluids. St. Vincent's hospital, Sydney, is a teaching hospital and major treatment centre for patients with HIV infection and AIDS located in the inner-eastern suburbs of Sydney. Patients with HIV infection who underwent surgical procedures at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1990 to 1999 were retrospectively reviewed in order to describe the nature of the operative procedures required in the management of these patients. There were 636 patients with documented infection with HIV who underwent 889 surgical procedures at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1990 to 1999. The number of procedures performed for patients with known HIV infection was increasing during this period. Patients with HIV infection accounted for 1.1% of all surgical procedures performed at this institution during this period. The proportion of total operative cases that patients with known HIV infection represented was seen to be increasing during this period. Surgical procedures were performed during only a small proportion of admissions of patients with HIV infection to St. Vincent's hospital for this period (2.4% of these admissions). The patients were predominantly males in younger age groups. Anorectal procedures for the local treatment of benign conditions were the most common procedures performed for these patients, followed by procedures for the insertion or removal of long-term vascular access devices and other minor general surgical procedures. A large proportion of procedures were performed as day surgery cases (30%). Only a small proportion of cases were for the management of traumatic conditions (3%). A large proportion of patients with HIV infection (26%) underwent more than one procedure during this period, with anorectal disorders a common cause of repeat surgical admission. The operative findings after 498 surgical procedures performed for 360 patients with documented HIV infection during the period 1995 to 1999 were retrospectively reviewed. The number of cases in which AIDS-defining conditions were encountered were recorded, and varied according to the types of procedures performed. Overall, seventy AIDS-defining conditions were found at operation during sixty-five procedures (13% of all procedures for patients with HIV infection). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was the most frequently encountered AIDS-defining disorder found at operation, accounting for 41% of such conditions. Kaposi's sarcoma was the next most frequently encountered condition, accounting for 20% of cases followed by cytomegalovirus infection (11%). Procedures in which AIDS-defining conditions were commonly encountered included neurosurgical procedures (20 of 36 procedures were for AIDS-defining conditions), particularly stereotactic brain biopsy. Lymph node excision biopsies had AIDS-defining pathologies seen in 18 of 26 cases, particularly non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AIDS-defining conditions were diagnosed in only 4% of anorectal procedures, with anal squamous cell malignant lesions a far more frequently observed disorder (diagnosed in 11% of cases). The clinical details of all patients who met the clinical criteria for AIDS who underwent midline laparotomy at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1987 to 1998 were retrospectively examined. Thirty patients with AIDS underwent thirty laparotomies during this period. AIDS-defining conditions were found at fourteen procedures (47%). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was found in eleven of these laparotomies, Kaposi's sarcoma in two and cytomegalovirus in one. In nine of the patients with AIDS-defining conditions, the post-operative diagnosis was different to that expected pre-operatively. Patients with AIDS-defining conditions found at laparotomy had significantly lower serum albumin concentrations and body weight compared with those with more conventional surgical diagnoses. There was no difference in CD4 T-lymphocyte counts, the number of patients with a history of AIDS-defining conditions or the duration of HIV infection between these two groups. Patients with AIDS-defining conditions diagnosed at laparotomy required significantly longer post-operative hospital stays compared to those with other causes, although there was no difference in the incidence of post-operative complications or deaths occurring in these two groups. There was a high number of patients with post-operative complications seen after laparotomy (thirty-two complications in twenty-one patients; 70% of all patients). Chest infections, systemic sepsis and wound infections were the most frequently encountered post-operative complications. Five deaths occurred within thirty days of operation (17% of patients), and were due to overwhelming systemic sepsis in four cases and from blood loss and coagulopathy in one. The number and the nature of the complications and deaths occurring in patients with AIDS undergoing laparotomy at St. Vincent's hospital is in keeping with previously published reports from other centres. The clinical details of patients with documented HIV infection who underwent biliary tract procedures at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1989 to 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. Eighteen patients with HIV (fourteen of which met the clinical criteria for AIDS) underwent cholecystectomy; ten for cholecystitis secondary to gallstones, one for mucocoele of the gallbladder due to obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone and seven for acalculous cholecystitis. Biliary tract procedures accounted for 24% of all abdominal procedures during this period. Patients were mostly male and in a relatively young age range. Cytomegalovirus infection was found in five cases of acalculous cholecystitis, Cryptosporidia in five and Microsporidia in two. A significantly greater proportion of patients with acalculous cholecystitis had a history of AIDS, and these patients had lower CD4 T-lymphocyte counts, compared with those patients with cholelithiasis. There was no statistical difference in the length of hospital admission or number of complications occurring in these two groups. Patients who had cholecystectomy performed as an elective procedure (n=7) were compared with those who had this procedure performed during admission for acute cholecystitis (n=11), and had a significantly lower duration of post-operative hospital stay. There was no difference in the number of complications occurring in these two groups. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in eight patients, and was not associated with a significant difference in hospital admission duration or incidence of complications when compared with the ten patients who underwent open cholecystectomy. The medical records of all patients presenting to St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1994 to 1998 with major penetrating wounds (gunshot wounds and stab wounds to the trunk or neck) were retrospectively examined to determine the number of such patients with a documented history of infection with HIV or hepatitis C virus (HCV), or with risk factors for these infections. Of the 148 patients with major penetrating wounds who were managed at St. Vincent??s hospital during this period, 5.4% had documented infection HCV and 1.3% with HIV. Risk factors were documented in thirty-one individuals (21%), with injecting drug use the most commonly recorded (19%). Individuals infected with HIV represent a substantial workload for surgical specialists at St. Vincent's hospital. Surgical procedures were an uncommon cause of admission for patients with HIV infection, but were important in the diagnosis and management of many AIDS-associated conditions and were increasing in number. AIDS-defining conditions accounted for only a small proportion of operative interventions in patients with HIV infection. Surgical procedures required in the management of patients with HIV infection encompassed a broad range of surgical specialties and types of procedures. AIDS-associated opportunistic infections and malignancy were frequently the cause of abdominal procedures in patients with HIV and AIDS. The number of patients with known HIV infection who present for elective and emergency surgical procedures, as well as the high prevalence of documented HIV and HCV in patients with major penetrating wounds at St. Vincent's hospital, reinforces the need for all health care workers to practice strict universal precautions against body fluid exposure at all times.
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Naidoo, Sherina. "The sense of coherence and coping resources of adult family caregivers of HIV/AIDS patients in the Kwazakhele area of Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1021.
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Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV), which results in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), has many manifestations. Literature reveals that some of these manifestations may compromise the infected individual’s sense of well-being and negatively impact on health related quality of life. As the number of people living with HIV/AIDS disease grows, so does the need for their care. In the early days of the AIDS epidemic, care was primarily handled by special agencies, hospitals and clinics. These agencies have been inundated with the demands of people living with HIV/AIDS, while their resources are shrinking. As it stands now, the total assistance given to people living with HIV/AIDS is provided by relatives and this responsibility of caregiving will more increasingly rest with families. This situation is particularly salient for the rural community in South Africa, which has been disproportionately affected by the AIDS epidemic. AIDS has a tremendous impact on the entire family system, particularly on the individual who has primary responsibility for caregiving. The caregiver must cope with many circumstances that are frustrating and often beyond their control. Caring for a Person Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) appears to be a major stressor in the lives of caregivers, and can be very demanding, impacting on carers financially, physically, emotionally and socially. Given the lack of research on HIV/AIDS family caregiving from a salutogenic approach, this study aimed to explore and describe the sense of coherence and coping of family caregivers of HIV/AIDS patients in the Kwazakhele area in Port Elizabeth. The sample consisted of 50 participants aged between 21 and 65 years, recruited via the Kwazakhele Masizakhe Project. An exploratory-descriptive design was employed. Data was obtained by a biographical questionnaire, the Coping Resources Inventory (CRI) and the Sense of Coherence (SOC-29) Questionnaire. A non-probability convenience sample of adult male and female family caregivers were sampled. Descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients were utilized to describe and explore the coping and sense of coherence of the family caregivers and the correlation between these constructs, respectively. The data obtained from the biographical questionnaire was analysed by using descriptive statistics and frequency counts. Key findings include the following: Results from the coping resources measure indicated that this sample perceived themselves as having an average level of coping resources. The sample tended to rely more readily on spiritual resources and less on cognitive resources. Results from the SOC-29 revealed fairly high mean scores. There is no positive relationship between the SOC-29 and the CRI for the current sample. No significant relationship existed between the SOC and the subscales of the CRI. Suggestions are made for future research, the limitations and value of research were outlined.
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Sekgoka, Blantiha Maite. "The effects of HIV and AIDS on the socio-economic status of HIV and AIDS infected people in the Capricorn District of the Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1055.
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Thesis (M.Cur.) --University of Limpopo, 2013Previous research about people living with HIV and AIDS has highlighted social support as an important determinant of health outcomes; i.e. perceived support to be associated with adjustment and coping in relation to HIV diagnosis, as well as its potentially chronic and disability course . The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of HIV and AIDS on the socio-economic status of people infected with HIV and AIDS at the village of Ga-Mathabatha in the Capricorn District of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. In this study, a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and contextual design is used. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to carefully select the sample based on the knowledge that the participants had about the phenomena studied. Semi-structured, one-on-one, in-depth interview with a schedule guide were conducted until saturation of data was reached. To initiate each interview, a central question was was asked: “Describe the effects that HIV and AIDS have on your socio-economic status”. Participants were given an opportunity to describe their experiences with regard to the effects of HIV and AIDS on their socio-economic status. Field notes of semi-structured, one-to-one, in-depth interview session were recorded. A voice recorder was used to capture all the semi-structured, one-to-one, in-depth interviews. The recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, using Tesch’s qualitative data analysis method. Trustworthiness was ensured by using Guba’s model criteria; i.e. credibility, transferability, confirmability, and dependability. The results indicate that HIV and AIDS have an effect on the socio-economic status of HIV-positive people. Ethical standards for nurse researchers were adhered to, namely permission to conduct the study was obtained from the Medunsa Research and Ethics Committee. Permission to conduct the research project was granted by the Limpopo Turfloop Campus, Limpopo Provincial Department of Health and Social Development, and the ART clinic management at the Ga-mathabatha Relebogile Wellness and ART Clinic. To ensure confidentiality and anonymity, written informed consent was obtained from each participant before he/she could participate in the study. The quality of the research was also insured. Five themes and their sub-themes, and the literature control are presented in the discussion of the research findings. The findings of this study have a central story line which reveals that participants are sharing similar experiences in terms of socio-economic factors after they have tested HIV-positive which are related to several factors; including the involvement of family and friends in their care, changes encountered which affect their social life, household income, and their living conditions. The following five themes and their sub-themes have emerged during data analysis: Theme 1: Different sources of income of HIV-positive people; Theme 2: Living conditions of HIV-positive people; Theme 3: Consequences related to HIV and AIDS disease progression; Theme 4: Support and care to HIV-positive people; and Theme 5: Disclosure versus non-disclosure of HIV-positive status. The results of this study are limited to the Relebogile Wellness and ART Clinic in the Ga-Mathabatha area of the Capricorn District in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study findings cannot be generalised to all clinics that are issuing ARVs in the Capricorn District. Study conclusions emphasise the fact that there is a need for HIV and AIDS positive patients to receive continuous support from family, friends, and the community with the purpose of enabling them to cope emotionally, socially, and economically. It also reveals the importance of participants to take their treatment as prescribed with the aim of improving their immune systems. The recommendations emphasise the fact that there is a need for HIV and AIDS patients to receive continuous support from family, friends, and the community with the purpose of enabling them to cope emotionally, socially, and economically. TERMINOLOGY Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) HIV is a virus which has a known and distinct capacity to cause Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome once it has entered the body. It attacks a person’s immune system (Kaushik, Pandey & Pande, 2006:43) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) It is the fourth stage of HIV infection and it is usually characterised by a CD4 count of less than 200. It is not a specific illness but rather a collection of illnesses that affect the body to such an extent that the weakened immune system struggles to respond effectively (Kaushik et al., 2006:43) Effects Effects are consequences that are brought about by a cause (Kaushik, Pandey & Pande, 2006:56). Examples of effects are changes in the health status, and standard of living of a population as a result of a programme, project or activity. In this study, effects refer to changes in the socio-economic status of a population that have occurred as a result of the breadwinner in a family who has become unable to go to work due to a weakened immune system that results from HIV and AIDS. Epidemic It is the occurrence of cases of an illness (or an outbreak) in a specific population with a frequency clearly in excess of the normal probability (Giesecke, 2007:19). In this study, an epidemic refers to the effect HIV and AIDS has on the population. Socio-economic status Socio-economic status refers to the standardised way of grouping a population in terms of parental occupation, income, power, prestige, and education (Kirsh, 2006:287). In this study, socio-economic status defines a person’s monthly income, education, and occupation. Family A group of people living together in a permanent arrangement, separated from the rest of the world by the walls of the family dwelling and by societal guarantees of family privacy (Bachmann & Booyens, 2006:4). In this study, a family denotes those people who are living under the same roof with a breadwinner who is HIV-positive.
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Maliavusa, Nkhanedzeni Josua. "An HIV and AIDS intervention programme for thigh school adolescents in Mpumalanga Province of South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1341.
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Thesis (Ph.D.(Educational Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2015.The aim of this study was to adapt an HIV and AIDS intervention programme that may change the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of adolescents in Mpumalanga high schools. Mixed-method of qualitative and quantitative designs were used to achieve the objectives. The qualitative design consisted of peer mentors (N=141) who were interviewed in the focus group to provide information pertaining to the HIV and AIDS intervention that may change the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of vulnerable adolescents in Mpumalanga high schools. The quantitative design consisted of Grade 8 learners (N=1 085) who were used in the evaluation of the adapted HIV and AIDS intervention. Eeducators (N=11) piloted and monitored the administration of the adapted HIV and AIDS intervention. Results from the qualitative study suggested a four unit HIV and AIDS intervention programme with the following aims: (a) to empower adolescents to respond to risky behaviours, (b) to enable adolescents in Mpumalanga to acquire necessary knowledge, attitudes and skills that will protect adolescents from HIV and AIDS infection, (c) the programme must also aim at the development of self-in-society and (d) an abridged programme that will run for one school term that is more suitable. Results from quantitative evaluation revealed that the adapted HIV and AIDS intervention managed to increase, slightly, the acquisition of the knowledge and behaviour of participants, although the significant tests indicated that the observed rate of increase was statistically not significant at 0.05 levels. No impact was found on attitudes scales. It was recommended that the support of both adolescents and parents is vital for the success of any of any HIV and AIDS intervention programme. Opening of the community youth friendly health clinics with highly trained practitioners was also recommended as an essential element in HIV and AIDS prevention. Key concepts: Adolescents, Attitudes, Behaviour, HIV and AIDS intervention, Knowledge and Knowledge attitudes-behaviour practices.
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Salati, Florence Chiwala. "The knowledge and attitutes of physiotherapists towards patients with HIV/AIDS in the Lusaka Province, Zambia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_4458_1177919173.
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With the increase in the number of persons suffering from HIV/AIDS, physiotherapists are often required to treat these patients who present with respiratory and neurological complications. Although physiotherapists are at a lower risk of HIV infection in the workplace than nurses and doctors, it is necessary to determine their knowledge and perceptions of the risks, fears of HIV transmission and their attitudes towards patients with the disease. The aim of the study was to determine the physiotherapists knowledge of, and their attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS. It also explored whether the physiotherapists knowledge influences attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients in Lusaka, Zambia.
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Williams, Margaret. "The experiences of caregivers in formal institutions caring for terminal AIDS patients." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/644.
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One of the greatest challenges facing sub-Saharan Africa, which incorporates South Africa, is the AIDS pandemic. The devastation wrought by this disease is unsurpassed in recent times. The health and social development structures, already overburdened, are totally overwhelmed by the needs of povertystricken households and communities affected by AIDS. Caregivers attempting to support those affected and infected are also facing unique challenges and demands, particularly relating to dealing with the large numbers of deaths due to this disease. Experiences for these caregivers are likely to be varied, ranging on a continuum from positive to negative, for instance, the recovery of patients versus the death of patients. The objectives of this study are to explore and describe the lived experiences of caregivers working with AIDS patients, particularly patients who die from this disease whilst resident in a formal institution. The research is based on a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design. The study is grounded in a phenomenological approach to inquiry. Caregivers working fulltime in a formal institution caring for patients who are dying from AIDS were interviewed in an in-depth, unstructured manner in order to gather spontaneous, rich descriptions of their experiences. Through this study the researcher wants their voices to be heard, the potential richness of their reflections acknowledged and the generated data to be applied to the benefit of the field of HIV/AIDS – both for staff and patients. Thirteen in-depth, unstructured interviews provided saturated data, which was then transcribed and coded to yield the central and sub-themes that were identified in this study. One central theme identified the fact that in their daily duties (at their place of work), caregivers experience various challenges as a result of having to deal with the death and dying of their patients suffering from AIDS. These caregivers face the death of their patients daily, from a disease that causes untold suffering to the patient, family members and to the caregivers themselves, who wish they could prevent the anguish, the pain and the inability of the medical profession to do more than they are at present towards curing this disease. ii By describing the lived experiences of these caregivers by means of the research interviews, the researcher gained a clear picture of the AIDS environment. The information shared by the participants formed the foundation of the broad guidelines that were formulated. These are intended to provide support for the caregivers centering around the equipping of mentors of the caregivers, to enable them to support the caregivers in their daily task of caring for patients dying from AIDS. These caregivers, thus supported, will then be in a position to provide optimal care for these dying patients. These broad guidelines are intended to provide support by focusing firstly on the physical environment in which these caregivers work; secondly in providing education for the caregivers to enable them to fulfill their duties, and thirdly to provide adequate counselling to ensure that they do not succumb to caregiver fatigue/burnout, a constant threat in this type of environment. The study concludes with recommendations regarding the areas of nursing practice, education and research.
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Terblanche, Lauren Muriel. "The knowledge about HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral treatment of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20131.
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Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Many HIV positive patients are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) to assist in decreasing the replication of the HIV virus within the body. Adherence to this medication is important, as non- adherence can have serious repercussions. Therefore, the patients’ knowledge of ART and their disease is crucial in ensuring good adherence. A range of barriers to patient education were suspected by the researcher in this community of Delft. The high influx of patients into the clinic everyday minimized consultation time and thereby diminished the opportunity for effective patient education. Consequently, adherence to medication which is closely related to the knowledge and understanding of patients about the disease may be affected. The following research question was therefore explored: What is the knowledge of infected HIV/AIDS patients who are receiving antiretroviral treatment about HIV/AIDS and ART? The objectives set were to evaluate the patient’s knowledge of HIV/AIDS, evaluate the knowledge of ART and to determine whether there are statistical differences between the dependant and independent variables within the study. A quantitative descriptive correlational research design was applied and a convenience sample of n= 200 (8.5%) patients was selected from a population of N= 2349 at the Delft Community Health Centre. A multiple choice questionnaire comprising of mainly closed ended questions with multiple responses was used in individual interviews conducted by either the researcher or fieldworker. Reliability and validity was ensured through the consultation of experts in the fields of research methodology, statistics, HIV/AIDS and the Health Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University. Permission to conduct this study was granted by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University, the Provincial Regional Head for Primary Health Care Services, as well as the head of the Delft Community Health Centre. Data revealed that the participants were mainly female (n=145/72.5%), and the mean age was 37.5 years. Participants were mostly Xhosa speaking and literate, and the majority (n=112/56%), of the participants had a highest education level between grade 9 and grade 12. Many (n=73/36.5%) of the participants had been living with HIV for more than 5 years, but had been on ART for between 1 to 3 years. Knowledge was assessed by asking questions about various aspects of HIV and ART throughout the study. Scores for the 14 critical questions revealed that (n=0/0%) of the participants had good knowledge, (n=40/20%) of the participants had average knowledge and (n=160/80%) of the participants had poor knowledge. The average score for all participants for all 20 knowledge testing questions was (12.6/63%). The findings showed that the overall knowledge (n=160/80%) is poor. Basic terms and principles of HIV/AIDS and ART were not understood and serious misconceptions regarding the disease were revealed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Baie MIV positiewe pasiënte is op antiretrovirale terapie (ART) om te help met die vermindering van die replisering van die HIV virus in die liggaam. Gebruik van hierdie medikasie is belangrik omdat versuiming van inname ernstige gevolge kan hê. Dus, is die pasiënte se kennis van ART en hul siekte van deurslaggewende belang om volgehoue inname te verseker. ’n Reeks van hindernisse om pasiënte te onderrig, is deur die navorser in die Delftgemeenskap vermoed. Die hoë toestroming van pasiënte na die kliniek elke dag het die konsultasietyd tot die minimum beperk en daardeur die geleentheid vir effektiewe pasiëntonderrig laat verminder. Gevolglik, kan die nakoming om die medikasie te neem wat ’n noue verband toon met die kennis en begrip wat pasiënte het oor die siekte, geaffekteer word. Die volgende navorsingsvraag is gevolglik ondersoek: Wat is die kennis van geïnfekteerde HIV/VIGS pasiënte wat antiretrovirale behandeling ontvang oor HIV/VIGS en ART? Die doelwitte wat gestel is, is om die pasiënt se kennis van HIV/VIGS te evalueer, die kennis van ART te evalueer en te bepaal of daar ’n statistiese verwantskap tussen onafhanklike en afhanklike veranderlikes binne die studie is. ’n Kwantitatiewe beskrywende korrelerende navorsingsontwerp is toegepas en ’n gerieflikheidsmonster van n= 200 (8.5%) pasiënte is geselekteer uit ’n bevolking van N = 2349 by die Delftgemeenskap Gesondheidssentrum. ’n Veelkeusige vraelys wat hoofsaaklik uit geslote vrae met veelkeusige response bestaan het, is gebruik in individuele onderhoude wat deur of die navorser of veldwerker gevoer is. Betroubaarheid en geldigheid is verseker deur oorlegpleging met spesialiste op die gebied van navorsingsmetodologie, statistiek, HIV/VIGS en die Gesondheidsnavorsing se Etiese Komitee van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch. Toestemming om die navorsing te doen, is gegee deur die Gesondheidsnavorsing se Etiese Komitee van Stellenbosch Universiteit, die Provinsiale Streekshoof vir Primêre Gesondheidsdienste, asook die hoof van die Delftgemeenskap Gesondheidssentrum. Data het bewys dat die deelnemers hoofsaaklik vroulik is (n=145/72.5%) en die gemiddelde ouderdom 37.5 jaar. Deelnemers is meestal Xhosasprekend en geletterd en die meerderheid (n=112/56%) van die deelnemers se hoogste opleidingsvlak is tussen graad 9 en graad 12. Baie (n=73/36.5%) van die deelnemers het met HIV geleef vir 5 jaar, maar was op ART vir tussen 1 tot 3 jaar. Kennis is geassesseer deur vrae te stel oor verskeie aspekte van HIV en ART dwarsdeur die ondersoek. Puntetelling vir die 14 kritiese vrae het aan die lig gebring dat (n=0/0%) van die deelnemers goeie kennis het, (n=40/20%) van die deelnemers beskik oor gemiddelde kennis en (n=160/80%) van die deelnemers se kennis is gering. Die gemiddelde puntetelling vir al die deelnemers van al 20 kennisvrae wat getoets is, is (12.6/63%). Die bevindinge bewys dat die algehele kennis (n= 160/80%) gering is. Basiese terminologie en beginsels van HIV/VIGS en ART word nie begryp nie en ernstige wanopvattinge aangaande die siekte is geopenbaar.
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Newman, Linda C. "Maintaining self integrity in the care of AIDS patients : a grounded theory approach." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834521.
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The purpose of the study was to explore barriers hospital nurses perceive in the care of AIDS or HIV positive patients. According to the Center for Disease Control, the total number of AIDS cases reported in the United States as of December 1991 was 206,392. The Center for Disease Control reported of the known AIDS cases in the United States 59% have resulted in death.A grounded theory approach was used in the study of sixteen nurses working with AIDS patients in a medical surgical area of the hospital. Results of the study showed nurses had a need to maintain self integrity. All barriers found as a result of the study related to the nurses need to maintain self integrity. Barriers found as a result of the study include the following: fear of contagion, family concerns, fear of the unknown, issues in confidentiality, issues in universal precautions, and emotional and spiritual aspects.School of Nursing
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Frans, Nocawe R. "ART : the views of counsellors about skills needed in counselling HIV/AIDS patients." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://etd.sun.ac.za/jspui/handle/10019/1471.
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Diaho, Mahlao Judith. "Experiences and coping strategies of women living with HIV/AIDS diagnosis : a case study of Maseru, Lesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49959.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Several studies have reported that thirty million people are living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Fifty percent of the infected adults are women aged between 15 and 49 years. In Lesotho, HIV/AIDS has also been declared a national emergency and an estimated 180,000 women out of 330,000 adults, and 27,000 children are living with HIV/AIDS. Statistics have shown that the majority of AIDS cases occur in adults aged 15 and 49 years in Lesotho. Presently women are the fastest growing infected population in Lesotho. Regardless of the growing numbers of women infected with HIV/AIDS, experiences of women living with HIV/AIDS have received little attention in Lesotho. Qualitative research in this area is necessary to gain access to women's perceptions of their HIV positive status. In this study, the experiences and coping strategies of Basotho women living with HIV/AIDS were investigated. The study used a feminist approach to research. Feminist research stresses the multiplicity of knowledge and it is useful to understand the subjective experiences of women. Indepth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with five women ranging between 29 and 46 years, purposefully drawn from Positive Action Society Lesotho (PASL). Grounded theory was used to analyse the data. Findings indicate that women's risk for exposure to HIV is related to their ability to protect themselves by negotiating a safe sexual relationship. Women who feel powerless in their relationships are less likely to protect themselves against HIVexposure. These perceptions of powerlessness are the result of a broad array of experiences that may include exposure to gender-based violence and restricted economic opportunities. The results show that it is common for women to be shocked, depressed, and discouraged when they find that they are living with HIV/AIDS as can be expected. It is also difficult for women to disclose their HIV positive status to family, friends and community members because of stigma attached to HIV/AIDS. Participants developed different ways of coping with their status such as religion, healthy life style, AIDS counselling and social networks. There was a profound sense of anxiety about the future care of children. The study concludes with a number of recommendations to promote an environment that will make it possible for women living with HIV/AIDS to cope with their illness.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Studies het bevind dat daar ongeveer dertig miljoen mense in sub-Sahara Afrika is wat met MIVNIGS leef. Vyftig persent van geinfekteerde volwassenes is vroue tussen die ouderdom van 15-49 jaar. In Lesotho is MIVNIGS as 'n nasionale ramp verklaar en daar word beraam dat 330,000 volwassenes, 180,000 vroue en 27,000 kinders MIVNIGS het. Statistiek het ook getoon dat die meerderheid VIGS gevalle in Lesotho voorkom by volwassenes in die ouderdomsgroep 15-49 jaar. Vroue is tans die vinnigste groeiende groep. Ten spyte van die groeiende getalle vroue wat met MIVNIGS geinfekteer is, het die ervaringe van vroue in Lesotho wat met MIVNIGS saamleef tot dusver relatief min aandag geniet. Kwalitatiewe navorsing in hierdie verband is nodig om toegang tot vroue se persepsies te verkry rakende hul eie MIV positiewe status. In hierdie studie is die ervaringe en hanteringsmeganismes van Basoetoe vroue wat MIVNIGS het, ondersoek. Die studie het 'n feministiese benadering gebruik, wat die multiplisiteit van kennis en die subjektiewe ervaringe van vroue beklemtoon. In-diepte aangesig-tot-aangesig onderhoude is met vroue tussen 29-46 jaar gevoer. Gegronde teorie is gebruik om die data te analiseer. Bevindinge dui aan dat vroue se risiko vir blootstelling aan MIV verband hou met hul vermoë om hulself te beskerm deur te onderhandel vir 'n veilige seksuele verhouding met 'n maat. Vroue wat magteloos in hul verhoudings voel, is waarskynlik minder suksesvol om hulself teen MIV blootstelling te beskerm. Hierdie persepsies van magteloosheid is die resultaat van 'n breë spektrum ervaringe wat sekondêre status, blootstelling aan geweld, en beperkte ekonomiese geleenthede insluit. Soos wat verwag word, toon die bevindinge dat dit algemeen vir vroue is om geskok, deppressief en ontmoedig te wees wanneer hulle uitvind dat hul MIVNIGS het. Dit is ook moeilik vir vroue om hul MIV status aan familie, vriende en gemeenskapslede bekend te maak weens die stigma wat aan MIVNIGS kleef. Respondente het verskeie wyses ontwikkelom hul status te hanteer, soos godsdiens, 'n gesonde leefstyl, VIGS raadgewing en sosiale netwerke. Daar was ook 'n intense bekommernis by vroue oor die toekomstige sorg vir hul kinders. Die studie sluit af met 'n aantal aanbevelings om 'n omgewing te promoveer wat dit vir vroue wat met MIVNIGS leef moontlik sal maak om hul siekte te hanteer.
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Reynolds, Carol A. (Carol Ann). "Attitudes of Nursing Faculty Toward Patients With AIDS and Patients With a Homosexual Lifestyle." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332811/.
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The purposes of this study were (1) to determine whether patients with AIDS are stigmatized by nursing faculty, (2) to determine whether practicing homosexuals are stigmatized by nursing faculty, (3) to determine whether faculty attitudes toward AIDS patients are influenced by the patients' sexual preference, and (4) to determine whether faculty attitudes toward practicing homosexual patients are influenced by the patients' disease. This study is a modified replication of studies by Kelly et al.
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Rushing, R. Mark. "An outpatient facility for the treatment of HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23302.
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Pickthall, Linda E. "A phenomenological study of nurses' experiences caring for patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28796.
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This study describes hospital nurses' experiences caring for patients with AIDS. A modified version of Speigelberg's phenomenological approach was used which explored the nurses' experiences from their perspective. A total of eight nurses who had cared for patients with AIDS were interviewed.
The findings indicated that caring for these patients is stressful. The researcher identified sources of stress as both internal and external. Internal stressors included: (1) fear of contracting AIDS; (2) homophobia; and (3) caring for dying AIDS patients. The two external stressors were patient variables and societal views. Lack of perceived emotional support from nursing administration further increased the stress. These nurses believed this form of support was essential.
In order to cope with these experiences, the nurses utilized their usual coping strategies. Common ones were being physically active, relaxing, and talking with others. Different coping strategies were used to deal with the specific stressors. These were identified by the researcher as: (1) rationalization;
(2) knowledge-seeking; (3) withdrawal; and (4) involvement.
This study's findings emphasize the need for support for all nurses caring for patients with AIDS. Implications for nursing education, practice, and research were identified.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
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Mumba, Mumba. "Physical disabilities among adults with HIV/AIDS being managed by the Makeni home-based carers in Lusaka, Zambia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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HIV and AIDS are now being considered as a chronic disease. As people live longer the possibility of physical disability increases. This study aimed to investigate the nature of physical disability among HIV/AIDS adults cared for by the Makeni home-based carers in Lusaka, Zambia. Disability was measured based on the World Health Organisation International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. This study demonstrated that mostly mild impairments and mild to moderate activity limitations and participation restrictions exists among patients in the Makeni home-based care programme. This study concluded that physiotherapists and other health professionals will have to be more involved in the community home-based programs that are suited for people living with HIV/AIDS so that they are also provided with clinical assessments and rehabilitation services.
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Kellams, Diana D. "Perceived familial support and self-esteem in gay and bisexual men infected with the AIDS virus." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834143.
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This study explored the relationship between perceived familial support to self-esteem in gay and bisexual men along a continuum of infection with the AIDS virus. Subjects were primarily obtained from two HIV/AIDS care coordination, education and social support centers. All participants completed the Coopersmith (1967) Self-Esteem Inventory, the Perceived Social Support-Family (PSS-Fa) questionnaire by Procidano and Heller (1983) and a demographic questionnaire. Two hypotheses were proposed: 1) Self-esteem will increase with strength of perceived Perceived Familial Support familial support. 2) Self-esteem will decrease as the stage of HIV infection worsens. Significant support was found for the first hypothesis. The second hypothesis was not supported; however, some reasons are postulated. The continuum of HIV infection and self-esteem as it relates to stages of death and dying are discussed. Implications and suggestions for counseling HIV-infected persons are addressed.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Wong, Mei-wan Farah, and 黃美雲. "Financial burden for HIV/AIDS patients to access antiretroviral therapy in Asian developing countries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193826.
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Background: Since the beginning of 21st century, several Asian countries started implementing their national free antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs to tackle one of the most striking public health issues in Asia – HIV/AIDS. Despite the efforts being made, the treatment coverage remains as low as 44% in 2010. Previous studies have identified financial constraint is a major barrier in accessing ART and an important reason of poor ART adherence in Asia. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the extent of financial burden experienced by people living with HIV (PLHIV) where free ART policy is implemented, and to provide valuable information for policy-making in reducing financial barriers and improve uptake of ART.
Methods: Literature search was performed by entering keywords in PubMed and Medline. Articles were screened and selected for in-depth review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A process on data synthesis was performed on the final eligible papers.
Results: Five studies from four Asian countries describing the out-of-pocket health expenditure incurred by PLHIV during the delivery of ART were included in this review.
Findings: Out of all direct medical costs, the cost of drug was most important in contributing to the total costs for patients without health insurance, while the cost of transportation was more important for patients covered by health insurance. Direct medical costs increased with advancing stage of disease. Rural patients would have spent up to 1,173% of their monthly income per capita, or more than 100% of their total household expenditure even when ART was provided free-of-charge. Patients have also highlighted free ARV drugs were sometimes not available in the health facility and they had to turn to the private market. Hence, the extent of financial burden in this review might be underestimated.
Conclusion: Based on the data available, we concluded that increased accessibility of free ART should be accompanied with sustained ARV drugs supply and increased financial support for PLHIV.published_or_final_version
Community Medicine
Master
Master of Public Health
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Venter, Freddie. "The implementation of a strategy for the effective management and control of HIV/AIDS in the workplace : a study in the Vaal Triangle Region." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30041.
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It is an accepted practice in any business organisation that the opportunities and threats facing organisations must be examined and plans drawn up to take advantage of the opportunities and to deal effectively with the treats. Surely HIV/AIDS is one of the greatest threats and challenges that organisations in South Africa are facing. The study is an exploratory research into an important issue facing many organisations today and is adequately supported by a proper and detailed literature study supported by an empirical study on the relevant research topic. A number of interviews were also conducted to determine what specific viewpoints, suggestions and limitations there were, or could be, toward the evaluation of existing structures and strategies and what alternative actions could be used and implemented, to effectively manage as well as control the disease and its various impacts within the workplace. The literature review within the scope and limitations of the study, therefore, concentrated on the specific nature and various impacts of AIDS as a starting point, followed by a detailed investigation why organisations need to implement sufficient action programmes, policies and strategies. The reality is that AIDS know no gender, race or class boundaries but is actually influenced by socio-economical factors such as poverty, violence and rapid urbanisation, with the potential to disrupt economic stability and growth for the country. The empirical part of the study consisted of a questionnaire that was completed by various respondents (organisations) which included a minimum number of 500 employees and more within the area of study. The objective was to establish if current structures within organisations, are effective and suitable enough or lacking. The research finding clearly indicated the various impacts that organisations are currently facing and what specific action programmes, policies and strategies needs to be implemented. It was the intention of this study to cover a wide variety of aspects related to the impact of AIDS within the workplace, so that proper insight and clear understanding of the epidemic and its nature could be formulated with all its facets and various impacts on the organisation land its resources.Thesis (DCom (Business Management))--University of Pretoria, 2001.
Business Management
unrestricted
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Elkins, Tamara L. (Tamara Lynn). "Psychosocial and Spiritual Factors Affecting Persons Living with HIV and AIDS." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277960/.
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The purposes of this study were (a) to examine whether social support decreases as the person with HIV disease progresses from asymptomatic HIV to symptomatic AIDS and (b) to examine the extent to which general well-being might be mediated through a religious and/or spiritual support system.
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Wichman, Heidi Sandra. "Stigma within health care settings: an exploration of the experiences of people living with HIV and AIDS." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3785_1255514529.
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South Africa has one of the highest HIV and AIDS prevalence rates and the pandemic shows no signs of abating. Challenges facing South Africa in combating this pandemic include the social responses of fear, denial, stigma and discrimination. Stigma related to HIV and AIDS poses a major barrier to treating and managing HIV and AIDS. Stigma is defined as involving an attribute which significantly discredits an individual in the eyes of others or society. This attribute is therefore seen by others as being negative, something which devalues, spoils or flaws an individual. Perceived or felt stigma is described as being the anticipation of rejection and the shame of having the stigma, whereas enacted stigma refers to actual incidents of discrimination. The aim of this study was to determine, from the experiences of people living with HIV and AIDS, whether stigma manifests within the South African primary health care system.
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Uwimana, Jeannine. "Met and unmet palliative care needs for people living with HIV/AIDS in selected areas in Rwanda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The aim of this study was to investigate met and unmet palliative care needs for people living with HIV/AIDS in selected areas in Rwanda. The achieve this aim, the study, firstly, identified the palliative care needs of people living with HIV/AIDS, secondly, it identified the health care services available to meet these needs, and thirdly, it determined the extent to which palliative care needs were met.
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Olivier, Johan. "The evaluation of an HIV/AIDS strategy with specific application to Cape Town Iron and Steel Works (CISCO)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50655.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa more people are living with AIDS than in any other country in the world. It is now evident that HIV/AIDS has developed into a pandemic that not only affects the health of individuals, but does expand to households, communities and the nation. The stigma of HIV/AIDS is most likely the single most important reason why people, organisations and the government tend to shy away from the problem. The prime aim of business is to make money, but the fact that AIDS affects people at the peak of their productive years when they would normally not require medical attention, will impact negatively on the organisation's bottom line results. Apart from government, business is the only group that has the capacity and resources to successfully implement strategies in the fight against HIV and AIDS. This study provides a theoretical introduction to HIV and AIDS but also indicates that small to medium size organisations are slow to react to the threat that HIV and AIDS will have to their business and also the country. The study shows that large organisations have definitely been successful in their fight against the disease. The study concludes that knowing the prevalence rate of HIV in a organisation and adapting the strategy accordingly is essential for long term sustainability of the organisation. CISCO was selected as the case study to substantiate the above-mentioned opinions and conclusions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suid Afrika woon daar meer mense met VIGS as enige in enige ander land in die wereld. Dit is tans duidelik dat MIV/VIGS ontwikkel het in 'n pandemie wat nie net die gesondheid van individue raak nie, maar wat ook uitkring na huishoudings, gemeenskappe en die nasie. Die stigma van MIV/VIGS is heel waarskynlik die grootste enkele rede waarom organisasies en die regering wegskram van die probleem. Die hoofdoel van 'n besigheid is om wins te maak, maar die feit dat VIGS mense tydens die toppunt van hulle produktiewe jare affekteer wanneer hulle normaalweg geen mediese versorging sou benodig nie, gaan 'n negatiewe effek op organisasies se winsgewendheid hê. Behalwe vir die regering is privaat besighede die enigste groep wat beskik oor die kapasiteit en hulpbronne om strategiee te implimenteer wat suksesvol sal wees in die stryd teen MIV en VIGS. Hierdie studie gee 'n teoretiese inleiding oor MIV en VIGS. Dit dui ook daarop dat klein tot medium grootte organisasies stadig reageer op die bedreiging wat MIV en VIGS vir hul besigheid en die land kan inhou. Die studie toon dat groter organisasies meer sukses behaal in hulle stryd teen die siekte. Die studie bevind dat dit vir die volhoubaarheid van 'n organisasie belangrik is om te weet wat die voorkoms syfers van MIV in die organisasie is en die strategie ten opsigte van MIV en VIGS dienooreenkomstig aan te pas. CISCO is as 'n gevallestudie gebruik om bogenoemde waarnemings en aanbevelings te staaf.
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Barford, Kirsty-Lee. "Illustrated medicines information for HIV/AIDS patients: influence on adherence,self-efficacy and health outcomes." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015678.
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South Africa has an estimated 920 000 patients on antiretrovirals (ARVs), the largest number of patients in any country. ARV therapy demands adherence levels in excess of 95% to avoid development of drug resistance, but adherence to ARV therapy is estimated to be only between 50% and 70%. Poor medication adherence is acknowledged as a major public health problem, reducing the effectiveness of therapy and promoting resistance to ARVs. More than two thirds of the South African population have marginal reading skills and this significantly influences a patient’s ability to read and understand health-related information. Patient education materials tailored for the South African population could be a useful aid in facilitating communication with patients and perhaps impact positively on their medicine-taking behaviour. This behaviour is influenced by patient knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and expectations and includes self-management, self-efficacy and adherence. Self-efficacy, which refers to patient confidence in the ability to self-manage medicine taking, is a key factor influencing adherence. This study aimed to develop illustrated patient information leaflets (PILs) and medicine labels for all first-line ARV regimens used in the public health sector in South Africa and, using a randomised control study design, to investigate the impact of these illustrated information materials on knowledge, medication-taking behaviours and health outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients taking ARVs. To achieve this aim, the objectives were to assess HIV/AIDS and ARV-related knowledge, as well as self-efficacy and adherence to ARV therapy; to assess the influence of demographic variables on knowledge, adherence and self-efficacy; to assess the influence of the information materials on knowledge, self-efficacy and adherence and to assess the association of knowledge with health outcomes. Medicine labels and PILs, both English and isiXhosa, were developed for ARV regimens 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d. The 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and HIV Treatment Adherence Self Efficacy Scale (HIV-ASES) instruments for measuring respectively adherence and self-efficacy, were modified to optimize clarity, simplicity and cultural acceptability and were translated into isiXhosa using a multi-stage translation-back translation. The questions and the rating scales, for both the MMAS and HIV-ASES, underwent preliminary qualitative evaluation in focus group discussions. Patients were recruited from local Grahamstown clinics. A pilot study to evaluate applicability of the instruments was conducted in 16 isiXhosa AIDS patients on ARVs and the results from this study informed further modifications to the instruments. One hundred and seventeen patients were recruited for the randomised control trial and were randomly allocated to either control group (who received standard care) or experimental group (who received standard care as well as pictogram medicine labels and the illustrated PIL). Interviews were conducted at baseline and at one, three and six months. Data were analysed statistically using the t-test, chi-squared test and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) at a 5% level of significance. Correlations were determined using Pearson and Spearman rho correlations. Approval was obtained from Rhodes University Ethical Standards Committee, Settlers Hospital Ethics Committee and the Eastern Cape Department of Health. The results of this research showed that illustrated PILs and medicine labels enhanced understanding of HIV/AIDS and ARV information, resulting in a mean overall knowledge score in the experimental group of 96%, which was significantly higher than the 75% measured in the control group. Variable knowledge scores were measured in three areas: baseline knowledge of general HIV/AIDS-related information was good at 87%, whereas knowledge scores relating to ARV-related information (60%) and side-effects (52%) were lower. These scores improved significantly in the experimental group over the 4 interviews during the 6 month trial duration, whereas in the control group, they fluctuated only slightly around the original baseline score. There was no significant influence of gender on knowledge score, whereas health literacy, education level and age tested (at one and three months) had a significant influence on knowledge. Self-efficacy and adherence results were high, indicating that the patients have confidence in their ability to adhere to the ARV therapy and to practice optimal self-care. Age, gender and education, in most cases, significantly influenced self-efficacy, but were found to have no effect on adherence. The CD4 count improved over the trial duration which may have been influenced by a number of factors, including better knowledge of ARVs and improved adherence. No significant parametric correlation was found between knowledge score and change in CD4 count, however, Spearman's rho showed significance (rs=0.498; p=0.022). Both patients and healthcare providers were highly enthusiastic about the illustrated labels and PILs, and indicated their desire for such materials to be routinely available to public sector HIV/AIDS patients. The isiXhosa version of the PIL was preferred by all the patients. These simple, easy-to-read leaflets and illustrated medication labels were shown to increase understanding and knowledge of ARVs and HIV/AIDS in low-literate patients, and their availability in the first-language of the patients was central to making them a highly useful information source.
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Hoffmann, Toinette. "The right of the HIV/AIDS patient to treatment." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/277.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this treatise is to establish whether a right to social security exists in South Africa, which would entitle HIV positive persons in South Africa citizens to medical care. A study was made of various articles in journals and on the Internet to determine the South African government's policy on a right to social security and to providing medical treatment. It was found that South Africa lacks an integrated, holistic approach to social security and does not guarantee the right to social security, merely the right to have access to social security. The same was found with the right to medical care. Although there seems to be a general right to medical care which extends to and includes HIV-positive patients, the state merely guarantees the right to apply for medical treatment but does not guarantee the granting thereof. It is submitted that the Department of Health's refusal to implement a vertical transmission prevention programme and the failure to offer treatment as an alternative, for whatever reason, is "penny wise and pound foolish". In the long run more money is spent dealing with pediatric AIDS. It was further found that although the government attempted to lay a groundwork with the formulation and acceptance of the national AIDS plan, the successful implementation thereof is seriously hindered due to the lack of inter- and intra-departmental collaboration, essential health services and funding.
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Lesko, Igor. "Attitudes and beliefs around HIV and AIDS stigma: the impact of the film "The sky in her eyes"." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
This research explored cultural perceptions of HIV&AIDS with students at the University of the Western Cape and attempted to understand how these perceptions of the disease reinforce stigma and stigmatising attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS. This study investigated HIV/AIDS stigma as a social phenomenon and analysed the socio-cultural and historical roots of HIV/AIDS stigma.
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Morales, Dinora Janeth. "Positive coping methods among people living with HIV/AIDS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3383.
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Nashandi, Johanna Christa Ndilimeke. "Experiences and coping strategies of women living with HIV/AIDS: case study of Khomas region, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on the impact of HIV/AIDS on women in Namibia. Namibia, with a population of only 1.7 million people, is ranked as the seventh highest country in the world in terms of HIV/AIDS infections. The percentage of women living with HIV/AIDS in Namibia accounts for 54% of the total of 68 196 people in the country living with the virus. Women are also diagnosed with the disease at a younger age (30) in comparison to their male counterparts (35 years). Desoite their needs, women living with HIV/AIDS bear a triple burden of caring for those living with HIV/AIDS, caring for themselves and coping with the responses to their infection. There are few focused intervention strategies to support and care for women living with HIV/AIDS in Namibia.
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Jacobs, Isabella Fredrika. "'N Maatskaplike werkondersoek na die behoeftes van beraders van kinders wat deur Vigs geraak word (Afrikaans)." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02192004-141756/.
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Maepa, Mokoena Patronella. "Assessment of unmet needs and well-being among people living with HIV/AIDS in Polokwane Mankweng Hospital complex." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/548.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. (Clinical psychology) --University of Limpopo, 2009.The study aimed at assessing and understanding the unmet needs and well-being among people living with HIV/AIDS. People living with HIVAIDS experience many challenges. Challenges may be characterized by medical, social and psychological challenges. Method: A cross sectional design was used. A total of (N = 200) young and adult age ranged from 20-71 years ( = 43.70, SD = 12.420) women (62%) and 75 men (37, 5%) living with HIV/AIDS who attend HIV/AIDS clinic/unit in Polokwane/Mankweng hospital complex was selected with purposive sample. Results: Four hypotheses were tested with one-way ANOVA. The findings indicated that social support (p < .001) and age (p < .04) plays a significant role in the psychological well-being of people living with HIV/AIDS. Medical challenges and gender revealed no significant results. Conclusion: It is concluded that PLWHA attend some form of support groups which will aid in alleviating the psychological distress associated with HIV/AIDS.
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Moratioa, Gugulethu. "Psychosocial factors that affect adherence to antiretroviral therapy amongst HIV/AIDS patients at Kalafong hospital." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08052008-122226.
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Ryan, Heather. "Exploring the asset-based approach with a learner affected by disability and HIV and AIDS." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/901.
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