Relevant bibliographies by topics / AIDS (Disease) Laos Epidemiology

Academic literature on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) Laos Epidemiology'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "AIDS (Disease) Laos Epidemiology"

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Tajima, Kazuo, and Kenji Soda. "Infectious Disease Epidemiology of AIDS/HIV in Japan." Journal of Epidemiology 6, no. 3sup (1996): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2188/jea.6.3sup_67.

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FISHER, STACY D., and STEVEN E. LIPSHULTZ. "Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Involvement in HIV Disease and AIDS." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 946, no. 1 (November 2001): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03900.x.

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Nampanya, S., S. Khounsy, R. Abila, and P. A. Windsor. "Implementing large Foot and Mouth Disease vaccination programmes for smallholder farmers: lessons from Lao PDR." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 16 (August 23, 2018): 2086–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818002443.

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AbstractThis study assessed smallholder finances and their attitudes towards the Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) vaccination programme, when 1 620 000 vaccine doses were provided for strategic administration in large ruminants in FMD ‘high-risk’ areas in Laos between 2012 and 2016. Farmers (n = 168) in the provinces of Xayyabouli (XYL), Xiengkhoung (XK) and Huaphan (HP), were interviewed. Over 91% of the farmers responded that their livestock were vaccinated for FMD, with over 86% ranking FMD vaccination as a good or very good intervention. No FMD cases were reported from the vaccinated provinces after May 2013. Examination of the total income per household in XYL, XK and HP indicated earnings of US$5060(±650), US$4260(±294) and US$1691(±676), respectively (P = 0.001), with 23%, 28% and 68% of the total incomes from annual sales of large ruminant, respectively. Of the farmers in XYL, XK and HP, 83%, 93% and 70% (P = 0.009) said their annual income increased compared with 2012, and 47%, 64% and 41%, respectively (P = 0.005), indicated this increase was from additional large ruminant sales. The study indicated that this large FMD vaccination programme was well regarded by participating farmers and may have provided satisfactory suppression of the disease in Laos, despite not achieving the preferred vaccination coverage. Continuation of the vaccination programme in FMD high-risk areas is suggested as desirable.
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Greenhalgh, Scott, Rebecca Schmidt, and Troy Day. "Fighting the Public Health Burden of AIDS With the Human Pegivirus." American Journal of Epidemiology 188, no. 9 (May 30, 2019): 1586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz139.

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Abstract Highly active antiretroviral therapy has revolutionized the battle against human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). From its current global rollout, HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality has been greatly reduced, yet there exists substantial interest in the development of new therapies to further mitigate the HIV/AIDS health burden and to inhibit any fallout from the development of antiretroviral drug resistance. One potential intervention is the human pegivirus (HPgV). HPgV is not known to cause disease, and most remarkably it is shown to delay the progression of HIV to AIDS. However, the health benefit of increasing HPgV prevalence in the community of HIV-infected men remains unknown at the public health level. We evaluated the utility of HPgV biovaccination for mitigating the HIV/AIDS health burden using mathematical models. Importantly, our work considers the potential concern that HPgV will, itself, evolve to become disease-causing by permitting mutant disease-causing HPgV strains to potentially arise during treatment. Our findings show that HPgV biovaccination rates of 12.5%–50% annually could prevent 4.2–23.6 AIDS incidences and 3.3–18.8 AIDS deaths, and could save 2.9–18.6 disability-adjusted life years per 1,000 people. Together, these findings indicate that HPgV biovaccination could be an effective therapy for reducing HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality, and thus warrants further exploration.
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Mackenzie, D. W. R. "Cryptococcosis in the AIDS era." Epidemiology and Infection 102, no. 3 (June 1989): 361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800030077.

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Cryptococcosis is not a commonly diagnosed disease. Records of its occurrence in Britain are virtually non-existent before 1945. when the Mycological Reference Laboratory (MRL) of the Public Health Laboratory Service was first established
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Duesberg, P. H. "AIDS epidemiology: inconsistencies with human immunodeficiency virus and with infectious disease." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 88, no. 4 (February 15, 1991): 1575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.4.1575.

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Fontana, D., F. Porpiglia, I. Morra, L. Boario, P. Destefanis, and G. Cristaldi. "Tuberculosis epidemiology." Urologia Journal 65, no. 1 (February 1998): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156039806500140.

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A gradual return of tuberculosis has been noted in industrialised countries since the late eighties. The real world-wide trend of the disease is, however, still widely underrated, as shown by the discrepancy between the number of cases reported to the WHO and those estimated by the same on the basis of the annual risk of tuberculotic infections (ARTI). According to these calculations, it is forecast that by the year 2000 approx. 13,000,000 persons world-wide will have the disease. Also in Italy the disease has been on the increase since the late eighties and in 1995 the incidence rate estimated by the WHO was 18/100,000. In the last decade, however, the increase has been different for the various forms: 13% and 35% for pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis respectively. The causes contributing to this increase in western countries may be attributed to the decline in control programmes, migration from areas of high incidence and the spread of AIDS.
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Chittarath, Khonesavanh, Chung Huy Nguyen, Wendy C. Bailey, Si-Jun Zheng, Diane Mostert, Altus Viljoen, Anthony Fredrick Tazuba, et al. "Geographical Distribution and Genetic Diversity of the Banana Fusarium Wilt Fungus in Laos and Vietnam." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8010046.

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Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), poses a major threat to global banana production. The tropical race 4 (TR4) variant of Foc is a highly virulent form with a large host range, and severely affects Cavendish bananas. Foc TR4 was recently observed within the Greater Mekong Subregion, after Chinese private companies expanded Cavendish production to the region. In this study, extensive surveys conducted across Laos and Vietnam show that Foc TR4 is still mainly constricted to the northern regions of these countries and is limited to Cavendish cultivation settings. In Laos, Foc TR4 is associated with large-scale Cavendish plantations owned by or involved with Chinese companies through which infected planting material could have been imported. In Vietnam, mostly small-holder Cavendish farmers and backyard gardens were affected by Foc TR4. In Vietnam, no direct link is found with Chinese growers, and it is expected the pathogen mainly spreads through local and regional movement of infected planting materials. Foc TR4 was not recorded on banana cultivars other than Cavendish. The extensively cultivated ‘Pisang Awak’ cultivar was solely infected by VCGs belonging to Foc race 1 and 2, with a high occurrence of VCG 0123 across Laos, and of VCG 0124/5 in Vietnam. Substantial diversity of Foc VCGs was recorded (VCGs 0123, 0124/5, 01218 and 01221) from northern to southern regions in both countries, suggesting that Fusarium wilt is well established in the region. Interviews with farmers indicated that the local knowledge of Fusarium wilt epidemiology and options for disease management was limited. Clear communication efforts on disease epidemiology and management with emphasis on biosecurity practices need to be improved in order to prevent further spread of Foc TR4 to mixed variety smallholder settings.
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Ichinose, Lester Y. "Chimpanzees in AIDS Research." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 23, no. 5 (September 1995): 598–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299502300509.

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Although the chimpanzee displays an immunological response to an HIV-1 challenge, it is a deficient animal model in AIDS research since it never develops the progressive symptoms of the disease. The continued use of the chimpanzee is also precluded because of its endangered status in the wild, the high cost per animal, and its failure to exhibit a CD4 decline (apoptosis) while infected. However, it is likely that the chimpanzee model will continue to be used in investigations relating to the epidemiology and mucosal transmission of the human AIDS virus.
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CHOPRA, R. D., and M. S. DWORKIN. "Descriptive epidemiology of enteric disease in Chennai, India." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 5 (July 17, 2012): 953–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812001409.

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SUMMARYThere are very few data on the prevalence of coccidian enteric parasites among low-income adults hospitalized in Chennai, India. Stool samples from 200 patients were screened for selected parasites, enteric bacterial pathogens, and other protozoa over a 3-month period. The study identified 42 (21%) Cryptosporidium, 36 (18%) V. cholerae, 17 (9%) Salmonellla, 12 (6%) Isospora, six (3%) helminths, five (3%) Shigella, one (1%) Cyclospora, one (1%) other protozoan, and 0% V. parahaemolyticus cases. Co-infection was present in 21 patients. Cryptosporidium was detected in 17 (81%) of co-infected patients. Our findings highlighted the relatively high proportion of patients in this population with Cryptosporidium and Isospora and suggest that further study be undertaken to determine the utility of broader use of diagnostic testing for coccidian parasites in India. Detection may be beneficial because isosporiasis is treatable and both Isospora and Cryptosporidium are important pathogens in AIDS patients.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AIDS (Disease) Laos Epidemiology"

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Labeodan, Moremi Morire OreOluwapo. "Stochastic analysis of AIDS epidemiology." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.l.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10172009-112824.

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Kesamang, Lefhoko. "Social workers' experiences of HIV and AIDS intervention in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/532.

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This study endeavoured to explore and describe the experiences of social workers in their intervention with HIV and AIDS clients within the Department of Clinical Services of the Ministry of Health in Botswana. The researcher undertook a qualitative research study, using an exploratory, descriptive and contextual design to explore these experiences as perceived by the social workers. The method of data collection included semi-structured face-to-face interviews, as this was deemed most appropriate to the nature of the study. Data analysis was undertaken according to the outline of Tesch (1990), as stated in Creswell (1994:155). The findings were reported as themes, sub-themes and categories emanating from the data-analysis process. In ensuring the trustworthiness of the findings, the researcher adhered to Guba’s (1981) model (in Krefting, 1991:251). The research findings were subjected to a literature control, and culminated in the compiling of the research report. The research findings centred around the following five themes: · experiences of intervention with HIV and AIDS clients; · challenges in HIV and AIDS intervention; · measures to alleviate challenges of HIV and AIDS intervention; · intervention strategies utilised by social workers; and · suggestions and advice to new social workers. The recommendations resulting from this research project proposed inter alia that social workers need to be trained in specific and specialised areas related to HIV and AIDS intervention in the health setting, and that the support structures and a holistic multidisciplinary service delivery approach need to be put in place to assist social workers to be able to meet the needs of the clients as well as their own needs. Key Words: participants, clients/patient, qualitative, HIV and AIDS, experiences, intervention, strategies.
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Korsman, Stephen Nicolaas Jacques. "Molecular epidemiology of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in children at Tygerberg Hospital." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1074.

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Lutambi, Angelina Mageni. "Basic properties of models for the spread of HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19641.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: While research and population surveys in HIV/AIDS are well established in developed countries, Sub-Saharan Africa is still experiencing scarce HIV/AIDS information. Hence it depends on results obtained from models. Due to this dependence, it is important to understand the strengths and limitations of these models very well. In this study, a simple mathematical model is formulated and then extended to incorporate various features such as stages of HIV development, time delay in AIDS death occurrence, and risk groups. The analysis is neither purely mathematical nor does it concentrate on data but it is rather an exploratory approach, in which both mathematical methods and numerical simulations are used. It was found that the presence of stages leads to higher prevalence levels in a short term with an implication that the primary stage is the driver of the disease. Furthermore, it was found that time delay changed the mortality curves considerably, but it had less effect on the proportion of infectives. It was also shown that the characteristic behaviour of curves valid for most epidemics, namely that there is an initial increase, then a peak, and then a decrease occurs as a function of time, is possible in HIV only if low risk groups are present. It is concluded that reasonable or quality predictions from mathematical models are expected to require the inclusion of stages, risk groups, time delay, and other related properties with reasonable parameter values.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Terwyl navorsing en bevolkingsopnames oor MIV/VIGS in ontwikkelde lande goed gevestig is, is daar in Afrika suid van die Sahara slegs beperkte inligting oor MIV/VIGS beskikbaar. Derhalwe moet daar van modelle gebruik gemaak word. Dit is weens hierdie feit noodsaaklik om die moontlikhede en beperkings van modelle goed te verstaan. In hierdie werk word ´n eenvoudige model voorgelˆe en dit word dan uitgebrei deur insluiting van aspekte soos stadiums van MIV outwikkeling, tydvertraging by VIGS-sterftes en risikogroepe in bevolkings. Die analise is beklemtoon nie die wiskundage vorme nie en ook nie die data nie. Dit is eerder ´n verkennende studie waarin beide wiskundige metodes en numeriese simula˙sie behandel word. Daar is bevind dat insluiting van stadiums op korttermyn tot ho¨er voorkoms vlakke aanleiding gee. Die gevolgtrekking is dat die primˆere stadium die siekte dryf. Verder is gevind dat die insluiting van tydvestraging wel die kurwe van sterfbegevalle sterk be¨ınvloed, maar dit het min invloed op die verhouding van aangestekte persone. Daar word getoon dat die kenmerkende gedrag van die meeste epidemi¨e, naamlik `n aanvanklike styging, `n piek en dan `n afname, in die geval van VIGS slegs voorkom as die bevolking dele bevat met lae risiko. Die algehele gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat vir goeie vooruitskattings met sinvolle parameters, op grond van wiskundige modelle, die insluiting van stadiums, risikogroepe en vertragings benodig word.
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Matanyaire, Sandra D. "The AIDS transition: impact of HIV/AIDS on the demographic transition of black/African South Africans by 2021." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The first two official AIDS cases were diagnosed in South Africa in 1982. During the same period of the 1980s, the black/African population was experiencing an accelerated fertility decline, following a period of accelerated mortality decline. Demographers invoked the demographic transition theory to explain the observed mortality and fertility decline. According to the demographic transition theory, mortality and fertility rates would continue declining to low, post transitional levels with increasing modernization. The relatively higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS estimated among black/African South Africans is expected to alter their demographic transition. This research investigated the impact of HIV/AIDS on the demographic transition of black/Africans by 2021.
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Petoumenos, Kathy Public Health &amp Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Treatment experience and HIV disease progression: findings from the Australian HIV observational database." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24937.

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The Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD) is a collaboration of hospitals, sexual health clinics and specialist general practices throughout Australia, established in April 1999. Core data variables collected include demographic data, immunological and virological markers, AIDS diagnosis, antiretroviral and prophylactic treatment and cause of death. The first electronic data transfer occurred in September 1999 followed by six monthly data transfers thereafter. All analyses included in this thesis are based on patients recruited to AHOD by March 2004. By March 2004, 2329 patients had been recruited to AHOD from 27 sites throughout Australia. Of these, 352 (15%) patients were recruited from non-metropolitan clinics. The majority of patients were male (94%), and infected with HIV through male homosexual contact (73%). Almost 90% of AHOD patients are antiretroviral treatment experience, and the majority of patients are receiving triple therapy as mandated by standard of care guidelines in Australia. Antiretroviral treatment use has changed in Australia reflecting changes in the availability of new treatment strategies and agents. The crude mortality rate was 1.58 per 100 person years, and of the 105 deaths, more than half died from HIV-unrelated deaths. The prevalence of HBV and HCV in AHOD was 4.8% and 10.9%, respectively. HIV disease progression in the era of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) among AHOD patients is consistent with what has been reported in developed countries. Common factors associated with HIV disease progression were low CD4 cell count, high viral load and prior treatment with mono or double therapy at the time of commencing HAART. This was demonstrated in AHOD in terms of long-term CD4 cell response, the rate of changing combination antiretroviral therapy and factors predicting death. HBV and HCV coinfection is also relatively common in AHOD, similar to other developed country cohorts. Coinfection does not appear to be serious impediments to the treatment of HIV infected patients. However, HIV disease outcome following HAART does appear to be adversely affected by HIV/HCV coinfection but not in terms of HIV/HBV coinfection. Patients attending non-metropolitan sites were found to be similar to those attending metropolitan sites in terms of both immunological response and survival.
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Jacobs, Graeme Brendon. "Investigation of the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, using serotyping and genotyping techniques." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1056.

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Rama, Parbavati. "Placing the dead :the spatial distribution and spread of HIV in a major South African city." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The aim of this study was to establish a new understanding of the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS at the municipal level, but at the same time upholding the anonymity of the HIV infected and AIDS sufferers. Innovative research techniques such as the use of GIS (geographic information systems) as a research tool contributed to disclosing the patterns of the HIV pandemic in the Nelson Mandela Metropole that were not obvious or visible before. GIS involved geographic maps that detect the spatial relationship between HIV prevalence rates and vectors that drive the pandemic.
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Ramothibe, J. C. (Joseph Colin). "The demographic and socio-economic impact of HIV/Aids on the Khomas region and the implications for the Windhoek local authority." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50131.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS is one of the biggest challenges faced by many countries in this century. The rate of infection is rapidly increasing and more and more people are getting ill and dying from AIDS. Of all the people living with AIDS in the world, seven out of ten live in Sub-Saharan Africa. Namibia is one of the top five most HIV/AIDS affected countries in the world. There is therefore no question about the urgent need to accelerate actions to reduce prevalence, expand care and support and extend access to treatment. AIDS is eroding decades of progress made in extending life expectancy; thus hundreds of adults are dying young or in early middle age. The national strategic plan (2004) on HIV/AIDS indicated that the average life expectancy in Namibia is now 42 years, when it could have been 60 without AIDS. A 2003 study on the impact of HIV/AIDS on Windhoek indicated that the antenatal HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in Windhoek for 2002 was 27%, while the national prevalence rate was estimated at 22.3%. The prevalence rate for Windhoek is expected to reach its peak at 38% during 2005. Even though HIV/AIDS will have a diminishing effect on population growth, Windhoek's population is expected to continue growing, particular as a result of inward migration, but at a slower pace. Similarly, HIV/AIDS will have an abating effect on GDP growth as the virus will mainly affect the economic active and available labour force of the population and result in increased labour costs and skilled labour shortages. The impact on the informal sector is potentially more damaging than on the formal economic sector, as the majority of micro- enterprises and informal businesses are build around one individual. As the breadwinner dies, household income and expenditures levels deteriorate and increase poverty levels, because households within the city are very dependent on family structures to support their income levels. Informal settlements are also more volatile to HIV transmission and the majority of HIV infected individuals are likely to be found within these areas as the populations is poorer, crowded, has fewer social services facilities and is more likely migratory compared to those in affluent formal settlements. Considering that the incubation period of HIV/AIDS from infection to death takes about ten years, the real impact of current HIV infections in Windhoek will only be experienced during 2010. Health services will have to attend to a greater demand for curative services as well as to social care and support programs. Social welfare programmes will need to find ways of caring for a large population of HIV/AIDS orphans. Municipalities can playa critically important role in addressing HIV/AIDS at a local level as they are at the interface of community and government. They are ideally placed to playa coordinating and facilitating role that is needed to make sure that partnerships are built to bring prevention and care programmes to every community affected by AIDS. Therefore, in order to succeed in confronting HIV/AIDS, it is important to work closely with all levels of government as well as working with local partners in civil society that are fighting HIV/AIDS at the community level. By taking action against HIV/AIDS, municipalities are securing the future of their towns and communities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV/VIGS is een van die grootste uitdagings wat baie lande hierdie eeu in die gesig staar. Die koers van infeksie is vinnig aan die toeneem en al hoe meer mense word siek en sterf as gevolg van VIGS. Van al die mense wat met VIGS lewe in die wêreld, bly sewe uit tien in sub-Sahara Afrika. Namibië is een van die vyf mees MIV/VIGS geaffekteerde lande in die wêreld. Derhalwe is daar geen twyfel rakende die noodsaaklikheid om daadwerklike aksies te bewerkstellig om die voorkoms te verminder, sorg en ondersteuning te verhoog en toegang na behandeling uit te brei. VIGS vernietig dekades van groei behaal in die verlenging van lewensverwagting; dus sterf honderde volwassenes vroeg of gedurende hul middeljare. Die nasionale strategiese plan (2004) rakende MIV/VIGS toon dat die gemiddelde lewensverwagting in Namibië huidiglik 42 jaar is instede van 60 sonder VIGS. 'n Studie onderneem gedurende 2003, rakende die effek van MIV/VIGS in Windhoek, dui aan dat die voorgeboorte MIV/VIGS voorkoms koers 27% vir 2002 was, terwyl die nasionale voorkoms koers slegs 22.3% was. Daar word verwag dat die voorkoms koers vir Windhoek sy maksimum van 38% sal bereik gedurende 2005. Alhoewel MIV/VIGS 'n negatiewe effek op bevolkingsgroei groei gaan het, sal Windhoek se inwoners getalle steeds groei, alhoewel teen 'n stadiger koers, as gevolg van inwaartse migrasie. Terselfdertyd, gaan MIV/VIGS 'n verminderde effek het op die groei van die Bruto Binnelandse Produk (BBP), omdat die virus hoofsaaklik die ekonomiese aktiewe en beskikbare arbeidsmag van die bevolking affekteer wat as gevolg hiervan 'n verhoging in arbeidskoste en tekort aan geskoolde arbeid het. Die effek op die informele sektore is potensieel meer skadelik as op die formele ekonomiese faktore, aangesien die meeste klein en informele besighede rondom een persoon gebou is. lndien die broodwinner sterf, versleg die vlakke van huishoudelike inkomste en uitgawes wat lei tot verhoogde armoede, omdat huishoudings in die stad baie afhanklik is op familie strukture om hulle inkomste te ondersteun. Informele vestigings is meer kwesbaar in die oordrag van MIV en die meerderheid van die MIV geïnfekteerde individue word gewoonlik in hierdie areas aangetref omdat die bevolking armer is, meer persone huisves, minder welsyn dienste fasiliteite het en meer swerwend is in vergelyking met die meer welgestelde formele vestigings. As in ag geneem word dat die ontkiemings periode van MIV/VIGS vanaf infeksie tot en met sterfte omtrent tien jaar neem, sal die werklike effek van die huidige VIGS besmettings in Windhoek slegs ervaar word gedurende 2010. Gesondheidsdienste sal moet aandag skenk aan 'n groter aanvraag vir geneeslike dienste sowel as sosiale sorg en ondersteunings programme. Gemeenskaplike welsyn programme sal maniere moet vind om vir 'n groot populasie van MIV/VIGS weeskinders te sorg. Munisipaliteite kan 'n belangrike rol speel in die aanspreek van die MIV/VIGS epidemie op 'n plaaslike vlak omdat hulle die skakel is tussen die gemeenskap en die regering. Hulle is ideaal geplaas om 'n koordineerende en fasiliterende rol te speel wat nodig is om seker te maak dat vennootskappe gebou word om voorkomings en versorgings programme te lewer aan elke gemeenskap wat deur MIV/VIGS geraak word. Dus, om sukses te behaal in die bekamping van MIV/VIGS , is dit belangrik om nou saam te werk met alle vlakke van die regering sowel as met plaaslike vennote in die gemeenskap wat MIV/VIGS bekamp op gemeenskapsvlak. Deur aksie te neem teen MIV/VIGS , kan munisipaliteite die toekoms van hulle dorpe en gemeenskappe verseker.
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AraÃjo, Vera LÃcia Borges de. "Pessoas de 50 anos e mais vivendo com HIV/AIDS no CearÃ, Brasil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4545.

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O crescimento dos casos de Aids em pessoas de 50 anos a mais chama a atenÃÃo, principalmente na Ãltima dÃcada. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever as caracterÃsticas epidemiolÃgicas de pessoas com 50 anos a mais vivendo com HIV/Aids no Estado do CearÃ. MÃtodo Realizou-se um estudo transversal, em um hospital de referÃncia terciÃria localizado em Fortaleza-CE, no perÃodo de setembro a novembro de 2008. Um questionÃrio semiestruturado foi aplicado a 200 pacientes com HIV/Aids, de 50 a 83 anos de idade. Foram comparadas as diferentes proporÃÃes, separadamente para homens e mulheres com (IC 95%). Utilizou-se o teste do Qui-quadrado, de Pearson, ou Exato, de Fisher, quando apropriado. Resultados. Do total, 72,5% dos pacientes eram homens com mÃdia de idade de 63,5 anos; 53,5% tinham menos de oito anos de estudo; 69,0% residiam em Fortaleza; 51,0% pertenciam ao âEstrato econÃmico D/Eâ, revelando as precÃrias condiÃÃes de vida materiais desta populaÃÃo. O sexo feminino predominou com as cores parda (74,5%) e preta (7,3%), nÃveis de instruÃÃo mais baixos e maiores proporÃÃes de viÃvas (51,5). As mulheres foram menos sexualmente ativas (22,0%) e somente uma (0,8%) relatou mais de um parceiro nos Ãltimos 12 meses. A atividade sexual diminuiu com a idade: 60,2% entre 50-59 anos e 42,8% entre aqueles com 70 anos e mais; 48,0% dos pacientes relataram mÃdia de seis relaÃÃes sexuais ao mÃs. Homens usaram mais preservativo em relaÃÃes casuais (96,5%), entre as mulheres o menor uso foi nas relaÃÃes fixas (80,0%). O sexo vaginal predominou com 70,0%; o sexo oral e anal foi pouco frequente entre as mulheres e 33,0% dos pacientes referiu sexo comercial em algum momento na vida. No conjunto da populaÃÃo masculina, 41,0% referiram contato sexual com outro homem; 52,5% descobriram o diagnÃstico entre 30 e 49 anos; 31,0% mostraram a mÃdia de 17 anos de diagnÃstico; 59,0% nunca fizeram o teste anti-HIV antes da infecÃÃo; 76,0% referiram aquisiÃÃo da doenÃa por via sexual, homens com parceiro desconhecido (44,1%) e mulheres com parceiro conhecido (69,1%); 17,0% nÃo tÃm ideia de como se deu a infecÃÃo. O uso de Ãlcool foi prevalente e de drogas injetÃveis foi raro. ConclusÃo. A anÃlise mostrou diferenÃas entre os sexos, diagnÃstico tardio, envelhecimento com a aids, alto uso de preservativo apÃs a infecÃÃo por HIV e pouca percepÃÃo em estar em situaÃÃo de risco. Estes achados remetem à necessidade de um programa voltado especificamente para esta populaÃÃo com 50 anos ou mais.
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Books on the topic "AIDS (Disease) Laos Epidemiology"

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E, Williams Mary. AIDS. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011.

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H, Gail Mitchell, ed. AIDS epidemiology: A quantitative approach. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

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Michel, Tchuenche Jean, ed. Advances in disease epidemiology. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science, 2009.

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San Francisco (Calif.). HIV Seroepidemiology and AIDS Surveillance Section. HIV/AIDS epidemiology annual report. San Francisco, CA: The Section, 1999.

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Institute, Panos. Aids and the Third World. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1989.

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Lampton, Christopher. Predicting AIDS and other epidemics. New York: F. Watts, 1989.

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Aids: Don't die of prejudice. London: Biteback Publishing Ltd, 2014.

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Organization, Pan American Health, and Pan American Sanitary Bureau, eds. AIDS, profile of an epidemic. Washington, D.C., U.S.A: Pan American Health Organization, Panamerican Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization, 1989.

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Stanley, Gary Lee. Epidemiology of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). [Carbondale, IL] (P.O. Box 3158, Carbondale 62902): Educational Research Corp., 1987.

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Dragon within the gates: The once and future AIDS epidemic. New York: Carroll & Graf, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "AIDS (Disease) Laos Epidemiology"

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Self, Steve, and Yudi Pawitan. "Modeling a Marker of Disease Progression and Onset of Disease." In AIDS Epidemiology, 231–55. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1229-2_11.

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van den Berg, Charlotte, Karen Lindenburg, and Roel Coutinho. "Bloodborne and Sexual Transmission: HIV/AIDS." In Modern Infectious Disease Epidemiology, 309–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93835-6_18.

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Barnett, Tony, and Alan Whiteside. "The Disease and its Epidemiology." In AIDS in the Twenty-First Century, 24–62. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230599208_2.

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Mary-Krause, M., and D. Costagliola. "Coronary Heart Disease in HIV-Infected Patients: Epidemiology." In Cardiovascular Disease in AIDS, 99–110. Milano: Springer Milan, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0761-1_8.

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Lyttleton, Chris. "AIDS and Civil Belonging: Disease Management and Political Change in Thailand and Laos." In The Politics of AIDS, 255–73. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230583719_15.

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Ghani, Azra, and Marie-Claude Boily. "The epidemiology of HIV/AIDS: contributions to infectious disease epidemiology." In Learning from HIV and AIDS, 59–87. Cambridge University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511614026.004.

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Levine, Carol. "Ethics, Epidemiology, and Changing Perspectives on AIDS." In Ethics and Epidemiology, 196–222. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197587058.003.0009.

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This chapter highlights the current state of HIV/AIDS care that fits Lewis Thomas’s 1971 definition of a “halfway technology.” It explains halfway technology as an intermediate stage between “nontechnology” and as a supportive medical care that does little to affect the course of disease, while “high” or “transformative technology” depends on advances in basic sciences. It also clarifies that transformative technology included immunization, chemotherapy, and antibiotics, while halfway technologies included dialysis, organ transplants, and mechanical ventilation. The chapter focuses on AIDS, which is as much a concern in the twenty-first century as it was forty years ago. It elaborates how the AIDS epidemic is ravaging African countries, such as South Africa and Nigeria; spreading in parts of Asia, such as Thailand and the Philippines; in Eastern Europe in countries like Russia and Ukraine; and in Caribbean and Central American countries.
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"Epidemiology, Risk/Transmission, and Natural History of HIV Disease in Women and Children." In Women, Families and HIV/AIDS, 7–34. Cambridge University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511570988.003.

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Mehta, Jay B., and Asim K. Dutt. "Tuberculosis." In Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease, edited by Cheston B. Cunha, 1015–23. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0155.

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This chapter investigates how the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) has changed in recent years due to shifting demographic trends. Although the incidence of TB in the United States has followed a generally downward trend in recent decades, the HIV/AIDS epidemic and an increase in homelessness, poverty, and drug abuse continue to remain the major risk factors for infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria causing TB. Influxes of refugees and immigrants from areas of the globe endemic to tuberculosis contribute to the growing incidence of TB. Although M. tuberculosis is thought of primarily as a disease of the lungs, the bacteria can attack any organ in the body, most commonly the kidney, brain, and spine. This chapter details the testing, evaluation, surveillance, and treatment of patients with TB.
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Barbaro, Giuseppe. "Epidemiology of HIV-associated cardiovascular complications." In ESC CardioMed, 1186–90. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0297.

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Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced by about 30% in developed countries the incidence of some cardiovascular complications observed in the pre-ART period (dilated cardiomyopathy, pericardial effusion, and cardiac involvement by AIDS-associated malignancies). However, the incidence of some cardiovascular complications (endocarditis and pulmonary hypertension) was not significantly changed after the introduction of ART. In developing countries, where the availability of ART is scanty and the pathogenetic impact of nutritional factors is significant, an increase was observed of about 35% in the prevalence of cardiomyopathy and pericardial effusion, with a related high mortality rate for congestive heart failure. The increased incidence of ART-associated lipodystrophy in developed countries (range 18–83%) has changed the landscape of cardiovascular complications in HIV disease, with an apparently increased incidence of coronary artery disease in patients receiving protease inhibitor-based ART because of a process of accelerated atherosclerosis. This new clinical landscape led to a greater awareness by cardiologists in taking decisions regarding the use of antiretrovirals for a careful stratification of the cardiovascular risk factors.
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Conference papers on the topic "AIDS (Disease) Laos Epidemiology"

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Silva, Joao Paste, Catarina Secundino, Tiago Timotio, and Aurea Angelica Paste. "Case report: Medullary cryptococcosis in a immunocompetent patient." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.619.

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Context: Cryptococcosis is an important fungal infection that, after AIDS development globally, became more common, being an important cause of opportunistic infections. The pathogen normally gets in through the lungs, causes pulmonary infection and then spreads to another systems, particularly the nervous system in most cases. Along the clinical manifestation there was headache, fever, cranial neuropathies, altered mentation, lethargy, memory loss, and signals of meningeal irritation. Case-Report: A 48-year-old male patient with a one-year story of paraparesis in both legs, associated with pain, paresthesia, and progressive worsening to complete walking incapability, seeks medical consultation. Cerebrospinal fluid was turbid appearance, yellow colored, presence of RBC (1.239 cel/mm³) and leukocytes (149 cel/mm³ - 5% neutrophils, 91% lymphocytes and 4% monocytes), glucose of 23 mg/dL, chlorine of 96 mmol/L, and Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated. Immunosuppressive disease wasn´t found. In MRI, there were nodular images in the intradural and extradural sites through T11-T12 levels, compressing the spinal cord. Local biopsy revealed chronic granulomatous inflammatory process, consistent with the cryptococcosis suspect. Conclusions: The case represents an unusual manifestation of cryptococcosis, with an uncommon topography and profile, once it´s manifestation medullary and in a healthy individual is rare. The main differential diagnosis was spinal tuberculosis, an also rare disease yet with similar symptoms and relevant local epidemiology. To reach the diagnosis, laboratory study was necessary. The treatment was the same of cryptococcosis in general.
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Reports on the topic "AIDS (Disease) Laos Epidemiology"

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Haider, Huma. Malaria, HIV and TB in Nigeria: Epidemiology and Disease Control Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.040.

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Nigeria has the world’s highest number of people affected by malaria and the world’s second largest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS burden. There is a high occurrence of co-infection of malaria in HIV patients (Gumel et al., 2021). Nigeria is also ranked as one of the thirty high tuberculosis (TB) and TB-HIV co-infection burden countries in the world (Odume et al., 2020, 8). Co-infection can make each disease more severe and potentially more infectious (Gumel et al., 2021; Jemikalajah et al., 2021; Chukwuocha et al., 2019). This rapid literature review highlights key aspects of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV and TB in Nigeria, in addition to challenges in controlling the three diseases, in terms of prevention, detection and treatment. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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