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Journal articles on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) Exercise therapy'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Mocumbi, Ana Olga. "Cardiac Disease and HIV in Africa: A Case for Physical Exercise." Open AIDS Journal 9, no. 1 (October 20, 2015): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601509010062.

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AIDS-related deaths and new HIV infections have declined globally, but continue to be a major problem in Africa. Prior to the advent of antiretroviral treatment (ART) HIV patients died of immunodeficiency and associated opportunistic infections; Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has resulted in increased survival of these patients and has transformed this illness into a chronic condition. Cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological and muscular problems interfere with exercise in HIV-infected patients. Particularly cardiovascular disease may be associated with direct damage by the virus, by antiretroviral therapy and by malnutrition and chronic lung disease, resulting in physical and psychological impairment. Recent studies have shown the benefits of exercise training to improvement of physiologic and functional parameters, with the gains being specific to the type of exercise performed. Exercise should be recommended to all HIV patients as an effective prevention and treatment for metabolic and cardiovascular syndromes associated with HIV and HAART exposure in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Mulvany, Ruth, Audrey R. Zucker-Levin, Michael Jeng, Catherine Joyce, Janet Tuller, Jonathan M. Rose, and Marion Dugdale. "Effects of a 6-Week, Individualized, Supervised Exercise Program for People With Bleeding Disorders and Hemophilic Arthritis." Physical Therapy 90, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 509–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080202.

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BackgroundPeople with bleeding disorders may develop severe arthritis due to joint hemorrhages. Exercise is recommended for people with bleeding disorders, but guidelines are vague and few studies document efficacy. In this study, 65% of people with bleeding disorders surveyed reported participating in minimal exercise, and 50% indicated a fear of exercise-induced bleeding, pain, or physical impairment.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a professionally designed, individualized, supervised exercise program for people with bleeding disorders.DesignA single-group, pretest-posttest clinical design was used.MethodsThirty-three patients (3 female, 30 male; 7–57 years of age) with mild to severe bleeding disorders were enrolled in the study. Twelve patients had co-existing illnesses, including HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, diabetes, fibromyalgia, neurofibromatosis, osteopenia, osteogenesis imperfecta, or cancer. Pre- and post-program measures included upper- and lower-extremity strength (force-generating capacity), joint range of motion, joint and extremity circumference, and distance walked in 6 minutes. Each patient was prescribed a 6-week, twice-weekly, individualized, supervised exercise program. Twenty participants (61%) completed the program.ResultsPre- and post-program data were analyzed by paired t tests for all participants who completed the program. No exercise-induced injuries, pain, edema, or bleeding episodes were reported. Significant improvements occurred in joint motion, strength, and distance walked in 6 minutes, with no change in joint circumference. The greatest gains were among the individuals with the most severe joint damage and coexisting illness.LimitationsLimitations included a small sample size with concomitant disease, which is common to the population, and a nonblinded examiner.ConclusionsA professionally designed and supervised, individualized exercise program is feasible, safe, and beneficial for people with bleeding disorders, even in the presence of concomitant disease. A longitudinal study with a larger sample size, a blinded examiner, and a control group is needed to confirm the results.

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Lira, Fábio Santos, José Cesar Rosa Neto, and Marília Seelaender. "Exercise training as treatment in cancer cachexia." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 39, no. 6 (June 2014): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0554.

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Cachexia is a wasting syndrome that may accompany a plethora of diseases, including cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aids, and rheumatoid arthritis. It is associated with central and systemic increases of pro-inflammatory factors, and with decreased quality of life, response to pharmacological treatment, and survival. At the moment, there is no single therapy able to reverse cachexia many symptoms, which include disruption of intermediary metabolism, endocrine dysfunction, compromised hypothalamic appetite control, and impaired immune function, among other. Growing evidence, nevertheless, shows that chronic exercise, employed as a tool to counteract systemic inflammation, may represent a low-cost, safe alternative for the prevention/attenuation of cancer cachexia. Despite the well-documented capacity of chronic exercise to counteract sustained disease-related inflammation, few studies address the effect of exercise training in cancer cachexia. The aim of the present review was hence to discuss the results of cachexia treatment with endurance training. As opposed to resistance exercise, endurance exercise may be performed devoid of equipment, is well tolerated by patients, and an anti-inflammatory effect may be observed even at low-intensity. The decrease in inflammatory status induced by endurance protocols is paralleled by recovery of various metabolic pathways. The mechanisms underlying the response to the treatment are considered.

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Dalzell, M. A., N. Smirnow, W. Sateren, A. Sintharaphone, M. Ibrahim, L. Mastroianni, L. D. Vales Zambrano, and S. O'Brien. "Rehabilitation and exercise oncology program: translating research into a model of care." Current Oncology 24, no. 3 (June 28, 2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/co.24.3498.

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Introduction The Rehabilitation and Exercise Oncology model of care (ActivOnco) was established to optimize cancer survivorship through exercise prescription and active lifestyle promotion, providing a transition of care from hospital to community. Patients having any cancer diagnosis, stage of disease, and treatment were eligible for evaluation and exercise prescription upon deterioration of performance status. The team of professionals included hospital-based physiotherapists proactively screening for rehabilitation needs, loss of functional independence, and exercise eligibility, plus exercise specialists in a community-based Wellness Centre to provide follow-up or direct access for post-treatment or non-complex patients.Methods From January 2011 to December 2015, the hospital team assessed 1635 patients representing all major cancer sites, and the Wellness Centre team evaluated and prescribed exercise for 1066 participants. Primary interventions provided were education about fatigue management, physical activity promotion, exercise prescription, fracture risk reduction, referral to specialized follow-up services (for example, occupational therapy, lymphedema clinic), and coordination for mobility aids and paratransit services.Results and Conclusions Implementation of the ActivOnco model of care showed that exercise alone is not a panacea for all functional deterioration associated with the cancer trajectory and its treatment. However, screening to identify rehabilitation needs combined with exercise prescription can effectively improve the quality of survivorship in cancer patients. Program developments are limited by the cost of human resources, lack of hospital-based physical resources, and lack of public funding, all of which significantly limit the scope and development of appropriate services.

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Ware, Lisa J., and S. A. Wootton. "The paradox of improved antiretroviral therapy in HIV: potential for nutritional modulation?" Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 61, no. 1 (February 2002): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2001139.

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Chronic infection with HIV type 1 is associated with alterations in macronutrient metabolism, specifically elevated plasma lipids, glucose and reduced insulin sensitivity. These alterations are most severe in patients at the later stages of AIDS, indicating a relationship with disease progression. Recently, a metabolic syndrome, termed lipodystrophy, has been described in successfully-treated HIV patients in whom the altered macronutrient metabolism of HIV infection appears to be amplified markedly, with concurrent alterations in adipose tissue patterning. This syndrome presents a paradox, as before the development of highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) the most severe perturbations in metabolism were observed in the sickest patients. Now, the patients that respond well to therapy are showing metabolic perturbations much greater than those seen before. The implications of this syndrome are that, whilst life expectancy may be increased by reducing viral load, there are concomitant increases in the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and pancreatitis within this patient population. The aetiology of the syndrome remains unclear. In a collaborative trial with the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in London we have used stable-isotope-labelled fatty acids to examine the hypothesis that treatment with HAART causes a delayed clearance of dietary lipid from the circulation, resulting in the retention of lipid within plasma and the downstream changes in insulin and glucose homeostasis. This hypothesis would indicate a role for low-fat diets, exercise and drugs that reduce plasma lipid or insulin resistance, in modulating the response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection.

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Rice, David, Peter McNair, Eva Huysmans, Janelle Letzen, and Patrick Finan. "Best Evidence Rehabilitation for Chronic Pain Part 5: Osteoarthritis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111769.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic pain and disability in older adults, which most commonly affects the joints of the knee, hip, and hand. To date, there are no established disease modifying interventions that can halt or reverse OA progression. Therefore, treatment is focused on alleviating pain and maintaining or improving physical and psychological function. Rehabilitation is widely recommended as first-line treatment for OA as, in many cases, it is safer and more effective than the best-established pharmacological interventions. In this article, we describe the presentation of OA pain and give an overview of its peripheral and central mechanisms. We then provide a state-of-the-art review of rehabilitation for OA pain—including self-management programs, exercise, weight loss, cognitive behavioral therapy, adjunct therapies, and the use of aids and devices. Next, we explore several promising directions for clinical practice, including novel education strategies to target unhelpful illness and treatment beliefs, methods to enhance the efficacy of exercise interventions, and innovative, brain-directed treatments. Finally, we discuss potential future research in areas, such as treatment adherence and personalized rehabilitation for OA pain.

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Moraes, Willams de Matos, Úrsula Maria Moreira Costa Burgos, Antônio Carlos Sobral Sousa, Ângela Maria da Silva, João Eduardo Andrade Tavares de Aguiar, Alexia Ferreira Rodrigues, Mayara Evelyn Gomes Lopes, et al. "Myocardial ischemia and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in HIV infected patients and asymptomatic for coronary artery disease." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (September 1, 2021): e301101119756. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19756.

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Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) allows chronicity of AIDS evolution, leading to association of other pathologies such as coronary artery disease (CAD). Myocardial ischemia (MI) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) evaluation in HIV-infected patients may favor primary prevention of CAD. The study aimed to evaluate frequencies of MI and LVDD in the population living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) and asymptomatic for CAD. We analyzed data from 110 HIV-infected patients who underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation, treadmill exercise stress test, and transthoracic echocardiogram, and compared it with 2,619 healthy individuals from the control group (non-HIV and non-CAD), selected from the database. HIV-infected patients presented lower average age (51.5 ± 7.7), systemic arterial hypertension (28.0%) and dyslipidemia frequencies (32.0%). On the other hand, their MI frequency was twice as high (14.7%); and diastolic dysfunction (DD) percentage was higher in ischemic patients (45.5%). In the HIV-infected group, MI frequency was 10.0%, while that of DD was 18.2%. MI was twice as frequent among HIV infected patients compared to uninfected, despite lower frequency of risk factors for CAD. Non-ischemic patients living with HIV had a frequency of DD more than twice compared to the control individuals.

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Smith, Don E. "Efficient Diagnosis of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia." International Journal of STD & AIDS 5, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249400500101.

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In patients with HIV infection the diagnosis of PCP is relatively simple when patients present late, with advanced pneumonia. The diagnosis becomes more difficult when patients present with minimal symptoms, are receiving specific prophylactic therapy or have had previous AIDS-related pulmonary diseases. A number of non-invasive tests, such as Gallium scanning, exercise-induced hypoxaemia, DTPA scanning and lung function testing have been developed to improve on the diagnostic value of clinical examination and the chest X-ray. Although each has its own particular advantages and disadvantages, the most efficient means of diagnosing PCP, in patients presenting with respiratory symptoms, is to use these investigations as part of a diagnostic algorithm, thereby maximizing resources and defining relative risks for different types of patients.

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Frolov, P. A., M. A. Zhestkova, D. Yu Ovsyannikov, O. G. Topilin, M. I. Airapetyan, L. V. Pushko, E. V. Bojcova, E. Yu Zapevalova, A. V. Orlov, and V. V. Gorev. "PREDICTORS OF SEVERE COURSE AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A STEPWISE COMPLEX CONSERVATIVE THERAPY OF BRONCHIECTASIS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS IN CHILDREN." Pediatria. Journal named after G.N. Speransky 101, no. 4 (August 19, 2022): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24110/0031-403x-2022-101-4-29-36.

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The purpose of the study was to determine the predictors of severe bronchiectasis (BE) not associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) in children and to evaluate the effectiveness of a stepwise complex conservative therapy. Materials and methods of the study: study design - multicenter cohort prospective pilot study. 67 hospitalized pediatric patients aged from 11 months up to 17 years old (52% boys and 48% girls) with BE caused by previous pneumonia (22%), primary ciliary dyskinesia (22%), bronchial asthma (13%), Williams-Campbell syndrome (7%), bronchial foreign bodies (7%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (6%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (6%), postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (5%), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (3%), chronic granulomatous disease (3%), AIDS (1%), protracted bacterial bronchitis (1%), and brain-lung-thyroid syndrome (1%) were observed. Predictors of severe BE were determined based on a comparison of groups of patients with mild (up to 4 exacerbations of BE per year) and moderate (from 4 to 6 exacerbations) course of BE (n=31) and patients with severe course of BE (>6 exacerbations per year, n=36). At the second stage of the study, in patients with changes in the severity of the course of BE, who were followed in dynamics (n=42), the frequency of exacerbations was assessed during the year after the appointment of a stepwise complex conservative therapy, which included, depending on the severity, daily drainage massage, exercise therapy, auxiliary devices for the respiratory tract clearance, long-term anti-inflammatory azithromycin, inhaled/intravenous antibiotics, and/or respiratory support. Results: the clinical picture of severe BE occurring with >6 exacerbations per year compared with mild/moderate course of the disease (≤6 exacerbations per year) is characterized by a statistically significantly more frequent registration of dyspnea (86% and 45%, p<0.001), exercise intolerance (69% and 39%, p=0.012), wet rales (89% and 61%, p=0.011), finger clubbing (17% and 0%, p=0.027). The prognostic model for determining the likelihood of severe BE not associated with CF in children includes the age of manifestation, a positive result of bacteriological examination of sputum/aspirates from the respiratory tract, localization of BE in the middle lobe of the right lung and/or lingual segments, and dyspnea. The appointment of gradual conservative therapy for BE, depending on the severity/frequency of exacerbations, makes it possible to statistically significantly reduce the severity of BE (p<0.001) and the median of exacerbations during the year from 9.00 [3.25-12.00] before treatment to 2.00 [1.00-3.00] after treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: BEs are heterogeneous in severity, which determines the choice of therapy. Conservative therapy of BE not associated with CF in children has a stepwise principle depending on the severity of the course. Its appointment could therefore reduce the frequency of exacerbations.

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Smolderen, Kim G., Christina Pacheco, Jeremy Provance, Nancy Stone, Christine Fuss, Carole Decker, Matthew Bunte, et al. "Treatment decisions for patients with peripheral artery disease and symptoms of claudication: Development process and alpha testing of the SHOW-ME PAD decision aid." Vascular Medicine 26, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358863x20988780.

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Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) face a range of treatment options to improve survival and quality of life. An evidence-based shared decision-making tool (brochure, website, and recorded patient vignettes) for patients with new or worsening claudication symptoms was created using mixed methods and following the International Patient Decision Aids Standards (IPDAS) criteria. We reviewed literature and collected qualitative input from patients ( n = 28) and clinicians ( n = 34) to identify decisional needs, barriers, outcomes, knowledge, and preferences related to claudication treatment, along with input on implementation logistics from 59 patients and 27 clinicians. A prototype decision aid was developed and tested through a survey administered to 20 patients with PAD and 23 clinicians. Patients identified invasive treatment options (endovascular or surgical revascularization), non-invasive treatments (supervised exercise therapy, claudication medications), and combinations of these as key decisions. A total of 65% of clinicians thought the brochure would be useful for medical decision-making, an additional 30% with suggested improvements. For patients, those percentages were 75% and 25%, respectively. For the website, 76.5% of clinicians and 85.7% of patients thought it would be useful; an additional 17.6% of clinicians and 14.3% of patients thought it would be useful, with improvements. Suggestions were incorporated in the final version. The first prototype was well-received among patients and clinicians. The next step is to implement the tool in a PAD specialty care setting to evaluate its impact on patient knowledge, engagement, and decisional quality. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03190382

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Hasan, Shamimul, Mohd Aqil, and Rajat Panigrahi. "HIV-Associated Systemic Sclerosis: Literature Review and a Rare Case Report." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 10066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610066.

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Highly antiretroviral therapy (HAART) used in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment may prolong the life span of people living with HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) but may also induce the onset of autoimmune disorders. However, HIV-associated systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an extremely rare occurrence, and only four case reports and two studies documenting this association have been reported to date. We report a rare case of HIV-associated SSc who was referred to us for pain management in her mandibular teeth. A 44-year-old female patient diagnosed with HIV-associated SSc reported a complaint of pain in the lower posterior teeth region. Physical examination revealed typical features of SSc. The pain in her mandibular teeth was due to food lodgement, and she was advised to use toothpaste with a powered toothbrush and mouth stretching exercises, followed by oral prophylaxis. The patient responded well to therapy. HIV-associated SSc is an extremely rare occurrence, with an obscure pathogenic mechanism of HIV-associated autoimmunity. Oral physicians play a crucial role in disease management and should be incorporated into the multidisciplinary team.

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Murphy, Eleanor, Petra McLoughlin, Fiona O'Sullivan, and Ciara Connellan. "328 An Integrated Approach to Fear of Falling." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_3 (September 2019): iii17—iii65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz103.212.

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Abstract Background Fear of falling (FOF) is a known risk factor for falls and subsequent activity restriction which has implications for quality of life and frailty level in older persons.1 The Integrated Care Team for Older Persons in Sligo provides home-based rehabilitation for the acutely frail older adult. We noted that fear of falling was a commonly identified problem in our referral group following comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). Our study aims to characterise interventions required. Methods Descriptive study from CGA of acutely frail older adults with a FOF in all referrals to ICTOP from June to December 2018. Results Of the 52 patients studied, 67% reported a FOF with a higher incidence in females (81% vs 45%). Increasing age was associated with a greater likelihood of FOF with 0% reported at 70-74years (n=4) and 86% at 90-95 years (n=7). There was a 1.6 times increased risk of FOF associated with cerebral vascular disease and 1.26 with mental health issues. The median Rockwood Clinical Frailty score was 6 with a median TUG of 28 seconds. Of those with a FOF, 100% received falls education, a home exercise program and advice on acquiring a pendant alarm. A mobility aid was provided in 63% and additional functional aids in 71%. Major housing adaption advice was given in 50% and additional equipment signposting and purchasing advice in 66%. Transport advice was provided in 49% of cases and onward referrals to ophthalmology and orthotics were provided in 9% and 11% respectively. There were only 2 readmissions with a fall within 30 days. Conclusion A significant cohort of ICTOP referrals report a fear of falling. Specific physiotherapy and occupational therapy interventions aim to reduce the impact of this and our low rate of readmissions due to falls indicates the success of this program.

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Hind, Daniel, James Parkin, Victoria Whitworth, Saleema Rex, Tracey Young, Lisa Hampson, Jennie Sheehan, et al. "Aquatic therapy for children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a pilot feasibility randomised controlled trial and mixed-methods process evaluation." Health Technology Assessment 21, no. 27 (May 2017): 1–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta21270.

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BackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare disease that causes the progressive loss of motor abilities such as walking. Standard treatment includes physiotherapy. No trial has evaluated whether or not adding aquatic therapy (AT) to land-based therapy (LBT) exercises helps to keep muscles strong and children independent.ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of recruiting boys with DMD to a randomised trial evaluating AT (primary objective) and to collect data from them; to assess how, and how well, the intervention and trial procedures work.DesignParallel-group, single-blind, randomised pilot trial with nested qualitative research.SettingSix paediatric neuromuscular units.ParticipantsChildren with DMD aged 7–16 years, established on corticosteroids, with a North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) score of 8–34 and able to complete a 10-m walk without aids/assistance. Exclusions: > 20% variation between baseline screens 4 weeks apart and contraindications.InterventionsParticipants were allocated on a 1 : 1 ratio to (1) optimised, manualised LBT (prescribed by specialist neuromuscular physiotherapists) or (2) the same plus manualised AT (30 minutes, twice weekly for 6 months: active assisted and/or passive stretching regime; simulated or real functional activities; submaximal exercise). Semistructured interviews with participants, parents (n = 8) and professionals (n = 8) were analysed using Framework analysis. An independent rater reviewed patient records to determine the extent to which treatment was optimised. A cost-impact analysis was performed. Quantitative and qualitative data were mixed using a triangulation exercise.Main outcome measuresFeasibility of recruiting 40 participants in 6 months, participant and therapist views on the acceptability of the intervention and research protocols, clinical outcomes including NSAA, independent assessment of treatment optimisation and intervention costs.ResultsOver 6 months, 348 children were screened – most lived too far from centres or were enrolled in other trials. Twelve (30% of target) were randomised to AT (n = 8) or control (n = 4). People in the AT (n = 8) and control (n = 2: attrition because of parental report) arms contributed outcome data. The mean change in NSAA score at 6 months was –5.5 [standard deviation (SD) 7.8] for LBT and –2.8 (SD 4.1) in the AT arm. One boy suffered pain and fatigue after AT, which resolved the same day. Physiotherapists and parents valued AT and believed that it should be delivered in community settings. The independent rater considered AT optimised for three out of eight children, with other children given programmes that were too extensive and insufficiently focused. The estimated NHS costs of 6-month service were between £1970 and £2734 per patient.LimitationsThe focus on delivery in hospitals limits generalisability.ConclusionsNeither a full-scale frequentist randomised controlled trial (RCT) recruiting in the UK alone nor a twice-weekly open-ended AT course delivered at tertiary centres is feasible. Further intervention development research is needed to identify how community-based pools can be accessed, and how families can link with each other and community physiotherapists to access tailored AT programmes guided by highly specialised physiotherapists. Bayesian RCTs may be feasible; otherwise, time series designs are recommended.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN41002956.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 21, No. 27. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Jaggers, Jason R., Joanna M. Sneed, R. L. Felipe Lobelo, Gregory A. Hand, Wesley D. Dudgeon, Vivek K. Prasad, Stephanie Burgess, and Steven N. Blair. "Results of a nine month home-based physical activity intervention for people living with HIV." International Journal of Clinical Trials 3, no. 3 (August 6, 2016): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20162793.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The purpose of this investigation was to test the feasibility of a home-based moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) program for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) currently taking antiretroviral therapy (ART).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 68 participants recruited for a 9-month home-based PA intervention aimed to reduce risk factors of cardiovascular disease for PLWHA taking ART. All participants received an educational weight loss workbook and a pedometer for self-monitoring of physical activity. The intervention group received elastic Therabands® for strength training in addition to telephone based behavioural coaching. Clinical assessments were conducted at baseline and each follow-up which also included psychometric questionnaires and PA levels via the SenseWear® armband accelerometer.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 57 completing the study, 29 of those were in the intervention group and 28 were in the standard care group. Results show that the home-based PA intervention was not successful in increasing the total amount of MPA for PLWHA. However there was a trend (p=0.08) of decreasing sedentary time. In a secondary analysis those who increased PA by >10% observed decreases in waist circumference and improved functioning at 18 weeks. None of the changes observed were significant after controlling for all potential confounders. </p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> A home-based exercise approach with telephone-based coaching may not be a feasible method for increasing MPA among PLWHA. Slight decreases in sedentary time indicate some positive changes in activity habits. A possible strategy to improve studies similar to this is to incorporate a group based social interaction each week similar to that of a support group.

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Palmer, Suzanne S., James A. Mortimer, David D. Webster, Rita Bistevins, and Geraldine L. Dickinson. "Exercise therapy for Parkinson's disease." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 67, no. 10 (October 1986): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9993(86)90007-9.

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Grace, Jeanne M., Stuart J. Semple, and Susan Combrink. "Exercise therapy for human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS patients: Guidelines for clinical exercise therapists." Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness 13, no. 1 (June 2015): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2014.10.003.

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Itoh, Haruki. "16. Exercise Therapy in Heart Disease." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 101, Suppl (2012): 137b—138a. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.101.137b.

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Itoh, Haruki. "16. Exercise Therapy in Heart Disease." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 101, no. 9 (2012): 2750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.101.2750.

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Fagard, Robert H. "Exercise Therapy in Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease." Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 53, no. 6 (May 2011): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2011.03.006.

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Bucci, L. "Nutrients as Ergogenic Aids for Sports and Exercise." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 26, no. 8 (August 1994): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199408000-00022.

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Brophy-Williams, Ned, Matthew W. Driller, Cecilia M. Kitic, James W. Fell, and Shona L. Halson. "Wearing compression socks during exercise aids subsequent performance." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 22, no. 1 (January 2019): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.06.010.

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Watson, R. R., and M. Eisinger. "Exercise and Disease." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 25, no. 9 (May 1993): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199309000-00025.

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Sharp, C. "Nutrients as Ergogenic Aids for Sports and Exercise." British Journal of Sports Medicine 28, no. 2 (June 1, 1994): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.28.2.137.

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Amato, Maria Pia, and Lauren B. Krupp. "Disease-modifying therapy aids cognition in multiple sclerosis." Nature Reviews Neurology 16, no. 10 (June 24, 2020): 525–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41582-020-0383-x.

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Vissing, John. "Exercise therapy in muscle disease: Perspectives for Pompe disease." Clinical Therapeutics 32 (January 2010): S69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0149-2918(10)80010-4.

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Forrest, George, and Xinru Qian. "Exercise in neuromuscular disease." NeuroRehabilitation 13, no. 3 (December 1, 1999): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nre-1999-13302.

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Rawson, Kerri S., Marie E. McNeely, Ryan P. Duncan, Kristen A. Pickett, Joel S. Perlmutter, and Gammon M. Earhart. "Exercise and Parkinson Disease." Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy 43, no. 1 (January 2019): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/npt.0000000000000245.

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Shaw, Carole. "Parkinson's Disease –Exercise? Why Not!" Physiotherapy 80, no. 6 (June 1994): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)61103-0.

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McCormick, Karen Booth. "Exercise Therapy for Patients with Parkinsonʼs Disease." Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 19, no. 2 (April 1987): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01376517-198704000-00010.

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30

Ritland, Ståle. "Exercise and Liver Disease." Sports Medicine 6, no. 2 (August 1988): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198806020-00006.

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31

Painter, Patricia. "Exercise in Chronic Disease." Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 36, no. 2 (April 2008): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jes.0b013e318168edef.

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32

Eichner, E. Randy, and Warren A. Scott. "Exercise as Disease Detector." Physician and Sportsmedicine 26, no. 3 (March 1998): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1998.11440347.

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33

Jackson, Michael D., and David O. Hough. "Chronic Disease and Exercise." Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review 3, no. 4 (1995): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132585-199500340-00006.

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34

COOPER, CHRISTOPHER B. "Exercise in chronic pulmonary disease: aerobic exercise prescription." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33, Supplement (July 2001): S671—S679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200107001-00005.

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STORER, THOMAS W. "Exercise in chronic pulmonary disease: resistance exercise prescription." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33, Supplement (July 2001): S680—S686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200107001-00006.

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36

Navarro, Willis H., and Lawrence D. Kaplan. "AIDS-related lymphoproliferative disease." Blood 107, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-11-4278.

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Abstract:

Abstract Not long after the recognition of HIV as the causative agent of AIDS, it was evident that individuals infected with HIV developed lymphoma at a greater rate than the population at large. Approximately two thirds of AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) cases are categorized as diffuse large B-cell type, with Burkitt lymphomas comprising 25% and other histologies a much smaller proportion. Typically, these individuals have presented with advanced extranodal disease and CD4+ lymphocyte counts of less than 200/mm3. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated a better outcome with chemotherapy for ARL since the introduction of combination antiretroviral treatment, termed highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). For patients with relapses, solid evidence points to the safety and utility of hematopoietic-cell transplantation as a salvage modality. Coinfection with other viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus have led to the genesis of previously rare or unrecognized lymphoma subtypes such as plasmablastic and primary effusion lymphomas. The immunosuppressive impact of treatment for patients with ARL receiving chemotherapy with HAART appears transient and opportunistic infections have become less problematic than prior to HAART. Significant progress has been made in the understanding and management of ARL but outcomes still remain inferior compared to those achieved in HIV- individuals.

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French, Martyn A., Patricia Price, and Shelley F. Stone. "Immune restoration disease after antiretroviral therapy." AIDS 18, no. 12 (August 2004): 1615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000131375.21070.06.

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38

Dudgeon, Wesley D. "Exercise, Hormones, Cytokines, and Lean Tissue Mass in HIV/AIDS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40, Supplement (May 2008): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000321326.98129.0b.

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39

Selman, Jennie. "Music Therapy with Parkinson's Disease." Journal of British Music Therapy 2, no. 1 (June 1988): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135945758800200102.

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Disabilities which start in adulthood produce great frustrations as a result of the loss of skills and abilities. These losses have considerable influence on relationships and social skills. Parkinson's Disease patients encounter these problems and the inevitable psychological and emotional problems which they cause. This case study concerns work with a patient using music as a channel for the feelings of frustration. The shared improvised music aids and allows the establishment of a relationship with strong emotional contact and communication.

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Naureen, Irum, Aisha Saleem, Muhammad Naeem, Noor-e.-Maryam Bilal, Ghulam Mujtaba Hassan, Muhammad Shafiq, Mudassar Hussain, and Syed Roohullah. "Effect of Exercise and Obesity on Human Physiology." Scholars Bulletin 8, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sb.2022.v08i01.003.

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Physical activity and exercise on a regular basis can help you stay healthy, energetic, and independent as you age. Exercise is essential in preventing health problems such as heart disease and stroke. Many studies have demonstrated the health benefits of regular exercise. This report examines the evidence regarding the health benefits of exercise across the board. Physical activity and exercise can help to lower stress and anxiety, enhance happy neurotransmitters, promote self-confidence, boost brain function, improve memory, and strengthen our muscles and bones. It also aids in the prevention and treatment of heart disease, obesity, blood sugar swings, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. It also aids in the prevention and treatment of heart disease, obesity, blood sugar swings, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Regular physical activity has been shown the useful in the primary and secondary prevention of a variety of chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, obesity, depression, and osteoporosis) as well as premature death.

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41

Cox, Michael H., and Nicholas A. DiNubile. "Exercise for Coronary Artery Disease." Physician and Sportsmedicine 25, no. 12 (December 1997): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/psm.1997.12.1391.

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42

Shephard, R. J. "Exercise in Coronary Heart Disease." Sports Medicine 3, no. 1 (1986): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198603010-00004.

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43

Reuter, Iris, and Martin Engelhardt. "Exercise Training and Parkinson's Disease." Physician and Sportsmedicine 30, no. 3 (March 2002): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/psm.2002.03.200.

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Libonati, Joseph R., Helene L. Glassberg, and Paul D. Thompson. "Exercise and Coronary Artery Disease." Physician and Sportsmedicine 30, no. 11 (November 2002): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/psm.2002.11.525.

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45

Ronai, Peter, and Paul Sorace. "Peripheral Arterial Disease and Exercise." Strength and Conditioning Journal 31, no. 5 (October 2009): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0b013e3181b96437.

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46

Bollinger, Lance M., Celsi E. Cowan, and Thomas P. LaFontaine. "Exercise Programming for Parkinsonʼs Disease." Strength and Conditioning Journal 34, no. 2 (April 2012): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0b013e31824db335.

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47

Astorino, Todd A., and Matt M. Schubert. "Exercise Programming for Cardiovascular Disease." Strength and Conditioning Journal 34, no. 5 (October 2012): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0b013e31825ab1aa.

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Painter, Patricia. "Exercise, renal disease and aging." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39, Supplement (May 2007): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000272198.63226.4d.

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49

Dent, John M. "Congenital heart disease and exercise." Clinics in Sports Medicine 22, no. 1 (January 2003): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-5919(02)00093-5.

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Osinbowale, Olusegun O., and Richard V. Milani. "Benefits of Exercise Therapy in Peripheral Arterial Disease." Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 53, no. 6 (May 2011): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2011.03.005.

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