Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) Exercise therapy'
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1
Kirkman, Danielle Louise. "Exercise as adjunctive therapy in chronic kidney disease." Thesis, Bangor University, 2013. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/exercise-as-adjunctive-therapy-in-chronic-kidney-disease(a8f961d2-6026-429c-aa7d-e18a6ffef1bf).html.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Exercise is a natural medicine that has been prescribed for the prevention and management of chronic diseases, to enhance quality of life, improve health status and promote longevity. Current efforts to implement exercise as routine practice in the conventional renal replacement therapy population have been hampered by a lack of randomised controlled data. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of exercise as an adjunctive therapy to enhance outcomes pertaining to renal transplantation, vascular access, haemodialysis adequacy and muscle wasting in Stage 4 and 5 Chronic Kidney Disease patients. It was hypothesised that randomised controlled trials employing gold standard outcome measures would reveal significant beneficial effects of exercise that are strongly associated with quality of life, hospitalisation and survival in this patient population. Reports. The first report presents a systematic literature review of exercise in the kidney transplant population. The largest positive effects were noted on intermediate outcomes such as aerobic fitness and muscle strength. Presumably these adaptations contributed to the trends observed for improvement in quality of life. Whether exercise impacts on outcomes associated with longevity of life requires further study. The rest of the thesis focused on patients receiving the more popular form of renal replacement therapy, haemodialysis. The first empirical study of the thesis, appertaining to vascular access, investigated the feasibility of implementing a post-operative forearm exercise intervention for arteriovenous fistula maturation. Exercise had no effect on primary outcomes measures of arterial diameter (95% Cl, -0.24 [-1.12; 0.51] mm) and venous diameter (95% Cl, 0.16 [-1.84; 1.24] mm). It was concluded that future randomized controlled trials should investigate a similar protocol implemented before arteriovenous fistula creation to enhance surgery success and maturation. The second randomised controlled trial explored the effect of intradialytic exercise, in comparison to the traditional prescription of increased dialysis time, to enhance dialysis adequacy and solute removal. Increased haemodialysis time, but not exercise, increased equilibrated Kt/V urea compared to control trials (Extra time vs. control: 95% Cl, 0.15 [0.05; 0.26], P < 0.05; exercise vs. control: 95% Cl, 0.03 [-0.05; 0.12], P > 0.05). Exercise, but not increased time, increased phosphate reduction ratio (exercise vs. control: 95% Cl, 8.6 [0.5; 16.7] %,p < 0.05; extra time vs. control: 95% Cl, 5.0 [-1.0; 11.1] %, p > 0.05). Thus intradialytic exercise cannot replace the traditional prescription of increased haemodialysis time for improving dialysis efficacy, but may be a useful adjunctive therapy for serum phosphate control. The third study implemented a randomised controlled trial of intradialytic progressive resistance training for treating muscle wasting. The primary outcome measure of thigh muscle volume, as measured by magnetic resonance imaging, significantly increased following 12 weeks of training compared to a sham exercise control (95% Cl, 193 [63; 324] cm3). Intradialytic resistance exercise elicited an anabolic and strength response in haemodialysis patients. However, a surprising lack of a change in functional capacity despite increased muscle mass warrants further investigation. Conclusion. The findings suggested that exercise had a beneficial effect on factors relating to outcomes in Stages 4 and 5 Chronic Kidney Disease patients. However, to ensure effectiveness of interventions and to maximize programme efficiency, careful consideration of basic exercise and physiological principles is required. Nevertheless, the observed benefits of exercising outweighed its risks, thus supporting the initiative for exercise prescription as an adjunctive therapy for the management of this disease state.
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Archer, Colleen E. "Accommodating pain-free exercise therapy for peripheral arterial disease." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015221.
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Shah, Chintan. "Effects of Exercise Therapy on Functional Connectivity in Parkinson's Disease." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1364514398.
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Klein, Hector Leon. "Pastoral-therapeutic work with family members infected and affected by HIV/AIDS a narrative approach /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/availabale/etd-08222005-10852/.
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Labeodan, Moremi Morire OreOluwapo. "Stochastic analysis of AIDS epidemiology." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.l.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10172009-112824.
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Akpabio, Charles G. "An Assessment of factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral treatment in Albert Horsfall Medical Center, Abuja, Nigeria." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7192_1256206209.
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The aim of the study is to determine the characteristics associated with ART adherence to , in Albert Horsfall Medicacal Center (AHMC), Abuja, Nigeria. The Objectives are to measure the adherence to ART, assess the association of the demographic characteristic of patients on ART with adherence to medications in the facility
and to establish patients' perspectivesto adherence and impediments to compliance to ART in the center.
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Ali, Hossam Eldin Hamdy Ahmed. "Can exercise ameliorate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease? : modes and mechanisms." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294264.
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Movement disorders are the hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can severely compromise an individual’s ability to perform well-learned motor skills such as walking, writing, turning around and transferring in and out of bed. The first symptoms of PD typically do not appear until a critical threshold of 70-80% loss of the striatal neurotransmitter called Dopamine (DA) is exceeded. The loss of DA compromises the connection between the striatum and the Substania Nigra (SN); this connection is essential for the control of body movement. The lifelong management of individuals with PD needs a multidisciplinary approach, which includes coordination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. The use of prescribed exercise as a non-invasive PD symptom management tool is well recognized. What needs further research and development is an evidence-base for the type, frequency, intensity, duration etc. of exercise bouts. It is however ethically, socially and morally challenging to put unknown physical demands on PD sufferers, therefore in vivo and in vitro studies will be essential in delineating and targeting appropriate interventions. Additionally, in order to establish whether the various interventions are effective will also require a simple measure, preferably one that can be detected following exercise. Ca2+ plays an important role in the synthesis of DA via the Ca2+ calmodulin system and its increase in exercise coincidences with the reported positive effects of exercise on dopamenirgic neuron activity. The aim of this thesis was therefore to use in vivo, in vitro and human methodologies to establish a role for physical exercise in the amelioration of the symptoms of PD. The in vivo study comprised of four groups of experimental animals (rats): a control group (C), a training exercise group (E), a group in which Parkinson’s was induced via systemic injections of PD toxin MPTP (PD) and a group where PD-induced animals were trained/exercised (PDE). (E) and (PDE) groups were trained with 8 weeks of endurance exercise at 90% of the lactate threshold (LT), 5 times a week with each bout lasting for 45 min using a custom-built rodent treadmill. After 8 weeks, all animals were sacrificed and brain samples were collected for immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Ca2+ calmodulin kinases I (CaMK-1) and IV (CaMK-4) were investigated as indicators of the activity of the Ca2+ calmodulin pathway. Immunohistochemical analysis of SN region indicated that in the PD group, CaMK-1 and CaMK-4 expression was suppressed when compared with control (C) animals. This phenotype was apparently rescued by endurance exercise as those animals. The western blot results also showed quantitative differences in CaMK-1 and CaMK-4 proteins in the studied brain regions in the (PDE) and (E) groups compared with the PD group. It was concluded from this data that endurance exercise could up regulate the expression of both CaMK-1 and CaMK-4 in the brain of PD sufferers. It was postulated that changes in Ca2+ levels might therefore drive the neuroprotective effect of exercise. The in vitro study was designed to test the hypothesis generated from the in vivo work that Ca2+ is a main effector of the neuroprotective effect of exercise. The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line is used as a model of DA neurons as it has DA activity and can synthesize DA. PD was simulated in these cells by exposure to the toxin 6-OHDA whilst addition of Ca2+ was used as an “exercise mimic”. Results showed differences in the survival of SH-SY5Y cells after exposure to specific concentration of Ca2+ following treatment with 6-OHDA. Finally, in order to assess the importance of this data to the clinical population and to further develop the concept that Ca2+ is a major effector of the positive effect of exercise, the effect of moderate-level exercise on the levels of blood Ca2+ in subjects with PD was investigated. Measures of cardiovascular physiology and blood biochemistry (total blood Ca2+) were obtained during cycling exercise at an intensity of 90% of the lactate threshold. Results indicated exercise to be beneficial in alleviating motor symptoms of PD.
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Santiago, Pia Bantegui. "Adherence to exercise following pulmonary rehabilitation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3130214.
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Shum, Jannie Gem, and 沈寧寧. "An evidence-based protocol: exercise trainingfor patients with coronary heart disease." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48339258.
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Background
Coronary heart disease deprives millions of lives in the world annually and this number has increased steadily in recent years. In Hong Kong, coronary heart disease claimed 4360 lives in 2009 and it is one of the major burdens of the healthcare system. In order to reduce cardiac mortality and morbidity and to enhance patients’ quality of life, cardiac rehabilitation program is developed. Exercise training is a pivotal part of the cardiac rehabilitation program.
Objective
The main objective of this translational nursing research is to translate quality research evidences regarding the effects of exercise training in improving quality of life of patients with coronary heart disease to the local setting. This is achieved by developing an evidence-based protocol.
Methods
A systematic search of literature was conducted in 5 electronic databases. 8 relevant randomized controlled trials were eventually obtained. Then, the 8 identified studies were summarized to form a table of evidence and the critical appraisal was performed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) checklist. After performing the quality assessment, evidences were assembled for synthesis and recommendations are made for developing the evidence-based protocol. Since the implementation potential of the proposed exercise training program is considered to be high, an evidence-based protocol is developed for the local context. In order to implement the evidence-based protocol smoothly, implementation plan is developed in which a communication plan and a pilot test are included. Lastly, evaluation plan is established to assess the effectiveness of the program in fulfilling its objectives.
Results
In total, 7 recommendations are made based on the 8 appraised studies. According to the SIGN’s “Grades of recommendation”, all the recommendations in the protocol are graded with “A”. The significance of this evidence-based protocol is that it adds a symptom-limited exercise test for evaluating participant’s level of exercise tolerance before the start of exercise training, so that exercise intensity can be tailored. It is relatively safer than the current practice.
Conclusion
A 6-week exercise training program for patients with coronary heart disease is effective in improving their quality of life and increasing their level of physical activity. Since the program has a high implementation potential in the local context and is safer than the current practice, the evidence-based exercise training protocol is worthwhile to be introduced to the cardiac units in Hong Kong.published_or_final_version
Nursing Studies
Master
Master of Nursing
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Erasmus, Elrika. "Play in psychotherapy with HIV/AIDS-affected children and families." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12072005-155941.
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Terblanche, Lauren Muriel. "The knowledge about HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral treatment of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20131.
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Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Many HIV positive patients are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) to assist in decreasing the replication of the HIV virus within the body. Adherence to this medication is important, as non- adherence can have serious repercussions. Therefore, the patients’ knowledge of ART and their disease is crucial in ensuring good adherence. A range of barriers to patient education were suspected by the researcher in this community of Delft. The high influx of patients into the clinic everyday minimized consultation time and thereby diminished the opportunity for effective patient education. Consequently, adherence to medication which is closely related to the knowledge and understanding of patients about the disease may be affected. The following research question was therefore explored: What is the knowledge of infected HIV/AIDS patients who are receiving antiretroviral treatment about HIV/AIDS and ART? The objectives set were to evaluate the patient’s knowledge of HIV/AIDS, evaluate the knowledge of ART and to determine whether there are statistical differences between the dependant and independent variables within the study. A quantitative descriptive correlational research design was applied and a convenience sample of n= 200 (8.5%) patients was selected from a population of N= 2349 at the Delft Community Health Centre. A multiple choice questionnaire comprising of mainly closed ended questions with multiple responses was used in individual interviews conducted by either the researcher or fieldworker. Reliability and validity was ensured through the consultation of experts in the fields of research methodology, statistics, HIV/AIDS and the Health Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University. Permission to conduct this study was granted by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University, the Provincial Regional Head for Primary Health Care Services, as well as the head of the Delft Community Health Centre. Data revealed that the participants were mainly female (n=145/72.5%), and the mean age was 37.5 years. Participants were mostly Xhosa speaking and literate, and the majority (n=112/56%), of the participants had a highest education level between grade 9 and grade 12. Many (n=73/36.5%) of the participants had been living with HIV for more than 5 years, but had been on ART for between 1 to 3 years. Knowledge was assessed by asking questions about various aspects of HIV and ART throughout the study. Scores for the 14 critical questions revealed that (n=0/0%) of the participants had good knowledge, (n=40/20%) of the participants had average knowledge and (n=160/80%) of the participants had poor knowledge. The average score for all participants for all 20 knowledge testing questions was (12.6/63%). The findings showed that the overall knowledge (n=160/80%) is poor. Basic terms and principles of HIV/AIDS and ART were not understood and serious misconceptions regarding the disease were revealed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Baie MIV positiewe pasiënte is op antiretrovirale terapie (ART) om te help met die vermindering van die replisering van die HIV virus in die liggaam. Gebruik van hierdie medikasie is belangrik omdat versuiming van inname ernstige gevolge kan hê. Dus, is die pasiënte se kennis van ART en hul siekte van deurslaggewende belang om volgehoue inname te verseker. ’n Reeks van hindernisse om pasiënte te onderrig, is deur die navorser in die Delftgemeenskap vermoed. Die hoë toestroming van pasiënte na die kliniek elke dag het die konsultasietyd tot die minimum beperk en daardeur die geleentheid vir effektiewe pasiëntonderrig laat verminder. Gevolglik, kan die nakoming om die medikasie te neem wat ’n noue verband toon met die kennis en begrip wat pasiënte het oor die siekte, geaffekteer word. Die volgende navorsingsvraag is gevolglik ondersoek: Wat is die kennis van geïnfekteerde HIV/VIGS pasiënte wat antiretrovirale behandeling ontvang oor HIV/VIGS en ART? Die doelwitte wat gestel is, is om die pasiënt se kennis van HIV/VIGS te evalueer, die kennis van ART te evalueer en te bepaal of daar ’n statistiese verwantskap tussen onafhanklike en afhanklike veranderlikes binne die studie is. ’n Kwantitatiewe beskrywende korrelerende navorsingsontwerp is toegepas en ’n gerieflikheidsmonster van n= 200 (8.5%) pasiënte is geselekteer uit ’n bevolking van N = 2349 by die Delftgemeenskap Gesondheidssentrum. ’n Veelkeusige vraelys wat hoofsaaklik uit geslote vrae met veelkeusige response bestaan het, is gebruik in individuele onderhoude wat deur of die navorser of veldwerker gevoer is. Betroubaarheid en geldigheid is verseker deur oorlegpleging met spesialiste op die gebied van navorsingsmetodologie, statistiek, HIV/VIGS en die Gesondheidsnavorsing se Etiese Komitee van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch. Toestemming om die navorsing te doen, is gegee deur die Gesondheidsnavorsing se Etiese Komitee van Stellenbosch Universiteit, die Provinsiale Streekshoof vir Primêre Gesondheidsdienste, asook die hoof van die Delftgemeenskap Gesondheidssentrum. Data het bewys dat die deelnemers hoofsaaklik vroulik is (n=145/72.5%) en die gemiddelde ouderdom 37.5 jaar. Deelnemers is meestal Xhosasprekend en geletterd en die meerderheid (n=112/56%) van die deelnemers se hoogste opleidingsvlak is tussen graad 9 en graad 12. Baie (n=73/36.5%) van die deelnemers het met HIV geleef vir 5 jaar, maar was op ART vir tussen 1 tot 3 jaar. Kennis is geassesseer deur vrae te stel oor verskeie aspekte van HIV en ART dwarsdeur die ondersoek. Puntetelling vir die 14 kritiese vrae het aan die lig gebring dat (n=0/0%) van die deelnemers goeie kennis het, (n=40/20%) van die deelnemers beskik oor gemiddelde kennis en (n=160/80%) van die deelnemers se kennis is gering. Die gemiddelde puntetelling vir al die deelnemers van al 20 kennisvrae wat getoets is, is (12.6/63%). Die bevindinge bewys dat die algehele kennis (n= 160/80%) gering is. Basiese terminologie en beginsels van HIV/VIGS en ART word nie begryp nie en ernstige wanopvattinge aangaande die siekte is geopenbaar.
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De, Vries Chrissie. "Narratives of a family living with HIV/AIDS and a researcher's alternative story /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1798.
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Mohammadi, Abdar Hassan. "Development of an Intelligent Exercise Platform for Rehabilitation in Parkinson’s Disease." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1405096212.
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Gitonga, Priscilla Nyawira. "Music as social discourse : the contribution of popular music to the awareness and prevention of HIV/AIDS in Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/962.
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This dissertation is a critical, theoretical study focussing is on the contribution that popular music makes towards raising awareness and promoting the prevention of HIV/Aids in Nairobi, Kenya. Towards this end, an analysis of the lyrics and musical gestures of four Kenyan pop music songs is undertaken in order to highlight their communicative capabilities in this regard. These songs, namely, are Lulumbe by Wasike wa Musungu, Juala by Circute and Jo-el, Vuta Pumz by The Longombas, and Dunia Mbaya Chunguze by Princess Jully. The context in which these musical analyses occur is provided in: - An overview of the Kenya of today, in particular that of the diverse and hybrid ethnic, linguistic, musical and cultural practices of Nairobi, and of the various youth cultures in that city, as well as in an overview of the extent of the HIV/Aids pandemic in Kenya, especially amongst the youth of Nairobi, with some reflection on existing interventions. - An overview of current trends in popular music analysis and an explanation of the author’s own eclectic semiotic analytical methodology within this context. The study concludes that a repeating strategy may be discerned on the part of the composers and performers in question, namely, to first engage audiences through language and music with which they are familiar, and then to encourage audiences to confront the unknown and unfamiliar in music and language, but also ultimately in terms of their social practices. The known and the familiar is highlighted both in the lyrics and in the music itself. It includes use of commonlyspoken languages and dialects, popular musical styles typical of the particular sub-culture, and references to the day-to-day experiences of the ordinary person.
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Ozimek, Elicia N. "The effect of body weight support treadmill training on paretic leg contribution in hemiparetic walking in persons with chronic stroke." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/435.
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Cruickshank, Travis Miles. "The clinical utility of multidisciplinary rehabilitation in individuals with Huntington’s Disease." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1586.
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Background
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a progressive loss of cognitive function, motor control and psychiatric features. Individuals also display a variety of systemic features. Progressive neuronal dysfunction and neuronal cell death are thought to underlie the onset and progression of many clinical features of HD.
Despite scientific progress, there is still no cure or disease modifying therapy for HD, and available pharmaceutical agents only provide partial relief of motor and psychiatric features. An emerging body of evidence indicates that lifestyle enrichment may delay the onset and progression of clinical features, and exert favourable effects on neuropathological aspects of HD. Few studies have evaluated the effects of lifestyle enrichment strategies like multidisciplinary rehabilitation on the clinical features of HD. Moreover, no study has evaluated the effects of multidisciplinary rehabilitation on neuropathological aspects of HD.
Aims
The initial aim of this thesis was to determine factors that contribute to features of the disease that negatively impact on activities of daily living such as mobility and balance (Chapter 2), and to identify, using a literature review, a rehabilitation strategy that could positively impact on these features of HD (Chapter 3). These studies informed our ultimate aim which was to investigate the clinical utility of multidisciplinary rehabilitation on clinical and neuropathological features of HD (Chapters 4, 5 and 6)
Methods
In study 1 (Chapter 2), 22 participants were assessed using a battery of balance, mobility, cognitive tests, assessments of muscle strength and body composition measures. Data was
. then statistically examined using stepwise linear regression to identify factors that contribute to balance and mobility impairments in individuals with manifest HD. In study 2 (Chapter 3), a systematic search of journal databases was made from inception to July 2014 for studies reporting on resistance exercise in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Selected studies were abstracted and critically appraised using a quality control checklist.
For the intervention studies, (3 and 4 Chapters 4 and 5), 20 participants with manifest HD were randomly assigned to either a control or training group. Individuals randomised to the intervention group were provided with a nine month multidisciplinary intervention comprising once weekly supervised clinical exercise, thrice weekly home based exercise and fortnightly occupational therapy, while those randomised to the control group were asked to continue with their standard care and daily activities. Participants were assessed using motor, cognitive, psychological, body composition and quality of life measures at baseline and at the completion of the intervention. In study 5 (Chapter 6), 15 participants with manifest HD were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging and a battery of cognitive assessments after nine months of multidisciplinary rehabilitation to see whether such a therapy is capable of inducing favourable changes in brain structure and cognitive function.
Results
The main factors that contribute to mobility and balance impairments in patients with manifest HD were found to be lower limb muscle weakness and a loss of cognitive function (Study 1). Systematic evaluation of the effects of resistance exercise for neurodegenerative disorders showed that it is beneficial for multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. In particular, improvements in muscle strength, mobility, balance, clinical disease progression, fatigue, functional capacity, quality of life, disease biology, electromyography activity, mood, skeletal muscle volume and architecture were reported in individuals with multiple sclerosis or Parkinson’s disease (PD) after resistance exercise. The most robust effects of resistance exercise were found for muscle strength outcomes, and were more pronounced in individuals with PD (Study 2).
The multidisciplinary rehabilitation intervention studies conducted as part of this thesis significantly improved isometric and isokinetic muscle strength, self-perceived balance, body mass, lean tissue mass and fat mass in patients with HD (Studies 3 and 4). Moreover, multidisciplinary rehabilitation also increased grey matter (GM) volume in the caudate nucleus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients. The significant increases in GM volume were accompanied by, and correlated to, a significant improvement in performance in verbal learning and memory.
Conclusions
The work presented here shows that lower extremity muscle weakness and a loss of cognitive function significantly contribute to impairments in mobility and balance. This work also shows that strength training has favourable effects on motor function, including strength, mobility and balance, as well as other clinical features in similar neurodegenerative disorders, and thus should be integrated into multidisciplinary rehabilitation interventions for HD. In addition, this study provides evidence that multidisciplinary rehabilitation can significantly improve aspects of motor control, cognitive function and body composition. Finally we show, for the first time, that multidisciplinary rehabilitation can increase GM volume in structures known to degenerate in HD, and that such increases are functionally related to changes in verbal learning and memory. Future work is urgently required to confirm and expand on these exciting findings, particularly with respect to the neurorestorative properties of multidisciplinary rehabilitation.
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Marais, Melanie. "A descriptive study to evaluate the effect of guidelines used by counsellors to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy in the private sector." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Wong, Mei-wan Farah, and 黃美雲. "Financial burden for HIV/AIDS patients to access antiretroviral therapy in Asian developing countries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193826.
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Background: Since the beginning of 21st century, several Asian countries started implementing their national free antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs to tackle one of the most striking public health issues in Asia – HIV/AIDS. Despite the efforts being made, the treatment coverage remains as low as 44% in 2010. Previous studies have identified financial constraint is a major barrier in accessing ART and an important reason of poor ART adherence in Asia. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the extent of financial burden experienced by people living with HIV (PLHIV) where free ART policy is implemented, and to provide valuable information for policy-making in reducing financial barriers and improve uptake of ART.
Methods: Literature search was performed by entering keywords in PubMed and Medline. Articles were screened and selected for in-depth review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A process on data synthesis was performed on the final eligible papers.
Results: Five studies from four Asian countries describing the out-of-pocket health expenditure incurred by PLHIV during the delivery of ART were included in this review.
Findings: Out of all direct medical costs, the cost of drug was most important in contributing to the total costs for patients without health insurance, while the cost of transportation was more important for patients covered by health insurance. Direct medical costs increased with advancing stage of disease. Rural patients would have spent up to 1,173% of their monthly income per capita, or more than 100% of their total household expenditure even when ART was provided free-of-charge. Patients have also highlighted free ARV drugs were sometimes not available in the health facility and they had to turn to the private market. Hence, the extent of financial burden in this review might be underestimated.
Conclusion: Based on the data available, we concluded that increased accessibility of free ART should be accompanied with sustained ARV drugs supply and increased financial support for PLHIV.published_or_final_version
Community Medicine
Master
Master of Public Health
19
Salati, Florence Chiwala. "The knowledge and attitutes of physiotherapists towards patients with HIV/AIDS in the Lusaka Province, Zambia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_4458_1177919173.
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With the increase in the number of persons suffering from HIV/AIDS, physiotherapists are often required to treat these patients who present with respiratory and neurological complications. Although physiotherapists are at a lower risk of HIV infection in the workplace than nurses and doctors, it is necessary to determine their knowledge and perceptions of the risks, fears of HIV transmission and their attitudes towards patients with the disease. The aim of the study was to determine the physiotherapists knowledge of, and their attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS. It also explored whether the physiotherapists knowledge influences attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients in Lusaka, Zambia.
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Nyakwezi, Kamugasha Sheila. "The use of anthropometric indices as an alternative guide to initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children at the Mildmay Centre in Uganda /." Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1502.
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Floor, Henriëtte Carolien. "Developing music therapy referral criteria for institutionalized children affcted by HIV / AIDS at the Mohau Centre." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09302008-145409/.
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Leong, Yuk-yan Pauline, and 梁玉恩. "The effectiveness of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193828.
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Objective: To examine the effect of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease on cardiac-related mortality, recurrent cardiovascular event and quality of life.
Methods: All studies published between 1990 and 2013 in PubMed, and from 1980 to 2013 in EMBASE, which evaluated the effectiveness of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program for coronary heart disease. Using the specific keywords “Cardiac rehabilitation”, “Coronary heart disease” OR “Ischemic heart disease” [MeSH], “Exercise” OR “Physical activities” AND “Quality of life” OR “Mortality” AND Cardiovascular events” were searched. A total of 7randomized controlled trials out of 5,051articles from PubMed and 117 articles from EMBASE were included in this systematic review. The primary outcome measures used in the included seven studies were HRQOL, restenosis, cardiac event, cardiac related mortality. Similar demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects between the intervention and the control groups were recorded. The studies were from five countries. The average age of the subjects in the seven studies was 61years, the average half of them have history of myocardial infarction. Though there were discrepancies among the results generated in the included studies, the potential benefits of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation could be seen.
Results: Compared with the non-exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation, patients allocated to the exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program had greater improvement in HRQOL and reduction of cardiac events. The result of reducing restenosis was inconsistent. The cardiac related mortality is not significant difference between exercise-based and non-exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
23
Moratioa, Gugulethu. "Psychosocial factors that affect adherence to antiretroviral therapy amongst HIV/AIDS patients at Kalafong hospital." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08052008-122226.
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Baril, Jacinthe. "Interaction between circulatory and respiratory exercise adaptation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF)." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97901.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) patients show a marked reduction in exercise capacity compared to that of healthy age-matched individuals. While inadequate gas exchange and resulting hypoxemia appears as the primary factor in COPD, an impaired cardiac output is the predominant explanation for the reduced oxygen delivery in CHF. However, the extent of the contributions of other systemic factors remains unclear. In light of the potential interactions between cardiac output (Qc) and pulmonary hyperinflation, there is surprisingly little data thus far on ventilatory constraints in CHF and on the role of blood flow delivery in COPD which may further limit the exercise capacity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the slope of the Qc versus oxygen uptake (VO2) response through several submaximal cycling loads in patients with moderately severe COPD and with that of moderate to severe CHF patients as well as age-matched healthy control subjects (CTRL). Also examined was the possibility that ventilatory constraints such as dynamic hyperinflation contribute to an abnormal stroke volume response in both diseases. Cardiac output was measured using the CO 2-rebreathing equilibrium technique during baseline conditions and cycling at 20, 40 and 65% of peak power in 17 COPD (Age: 64 +/- 8 yrs; FEV 1/FVC: 37 +/- 11%; FEV1: 41 +/- 15 % predicted), 10 CHF (Age: 57+/- 10 yrs; FEV1/FVC: 73.8 +/- 5.6%; FEV 1: 93 +/- 13% predicted) and 10 age-matched CTRL subjects. Inspiratory capacity (IC) was also measured for the determination of dynamic hyperinflation during the steady state exercise bouts. The results indicate that while the absolute Qc values are lower in COPD and in CHF than in CTRL during 65% peak power cycling (11.30 +/- 2.38 vs 12.40 +/- 2.08 vs 15.63 +/- 2.15 L•min-1 respectively, p < 0.01), likely due to their lower exercise metabolic demand. The Qc/VO2 response to increasing levels of exercise intensity was lower or normal in CHF patients compared to CTRL, while normal or hyperdynamic in most COPD patients. Indeed, the majority of patients with COPD exhibited Qc/VO2 slopes greater than 7.0, which may be indicative of a peripheral muscle bioenergetic disturbance that may drive the need for greater oxygen delivery, and thus result in an exaggerated central circulatory response.
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Wapinduka, Tendai. "Rural livelihoods and adherence to HIV and AIDS antiretroviral therapy in Chivanhu Settlement, Nemamwa Village in Masvingo District, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003743.
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The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic has had massive detrimental impacts on rural communities across Africa including in Zimbabwe. In response to the HIV and AIDS epidemic, the government of Zimbabwe has developed and adopted comprehensive programmes to address HIV and AIDS prevention, care and support. One of the critical components of these programmes relates specifically to treatment of the HIV infected given that HIV and AIDS is increasingly seen as a manageable threatening disease. However the success and effectiveness of the treatment regimen (involving antiretroviral drugs or ARVs) is dependent heavily on complete adherence to the rigid and complex regimens. It is against this background that this thesis studies a particular rural community in Zimbabwe called Chivanhu (in Masvingo Province) in terms of the relationship between rural livelihoods and HIV and AIDS (particularly HIV treatment and treatment adherence). Unlike other rural communities (notably in communal areas), Chivanhu is an informal and unstable community with a turbulent history. Most rural studies of HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe and elsewhere in the region have focused on well-established and stable communities in which agricultural production is still of some significance. In such communities, the impact of HIV and AIDS on livelihoods is severe but, in more informal settlements, the vulnerability of households to the epidemic (and challenges pertaining to treatment adherence) is even more pronounced. Using a rural livelihoods framework, this thesis seeks to identify, understand and analyse the conditions which shape levels of adherence to HIV and AIDS in the informalsettlement of Chivanhu in Zimbabwe.
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Kambole, Mercy Mulenga. "The attitudes of physiotherapists in Gaborone and Ramotswa, Botswana, towards treating people living with HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7700_1256285107.
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Physiotherapists are increasingly treating peole living with HIV/AIDS. However, there is little information which has been reported on their attitudes in providing treatment to people with HIV/AIDS or what facilitates positive attitudes. The aim of this study was to determine attitudes of physiotherapists towards treating people living with HIV/AIDS in Botswana.
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Williams, Nelisa Colleen. "Experiences of HIV positive clients defaulting isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in King Williams Town area under the Buffalo City Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1020177.
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This qualitative study using a phenomenological design, aimed at exploring and describing and exploring the experiences of HIV positive clients defaulting Isoniazid Preventive Therapy services in the Bhisho Primary Health Care Services. The emphasis was on the factors leading clients to default. An in- depth unstructured face to face interviews were done on 14 participants from 4 clinics or facilities under Bhisho Primary Health Care Services. From the respondents’ responses it can be noted that work and family related issues, ignorance of patients, side effects, and negligence of nurses and denial of HIV status were identified as reasons for defaulting. Having knowledge about the treatment and health providers’ attitudes to patients also played a role in patients defaulting their treatment.Many suggestions were then put forward by the respondents to curb defaulting among patients. These included the use of text message reminders, not to discrimination HIV patients because of their status, to use consulting rooms for privacy and also nurses and caregivers to control their attitudes when dealing with patients.
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Abuelezam, Nadia. "Mathematical AIDS Epidemic Model: Preferential Anti-Retroviral Therapy Distribution in Resource Constrained Countries." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2009. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/67.
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HIV/AIDS is one of the largest health problems the world is currently facing. Even with anti-retroviral therapies (ART), many resource-constrained countries are unable to meet the treatment needs of their infected populations. ART-distribution methods need to be created that prevent the largest number of future HIV infections. We have developed a compartment model that tracks the spread of HIV in multiple two-sex populations over time in the presence of limited treatment. The model has been fit to represent the HIV epidemic in rural and urban areas in Uganda. With the model we examine the spread of HIV among urban and rural regions and observe the effects of preferential treatment to rural areas on the spread of HIV in the country as a whole. We also investigate the effects of preferentially treating women on the spread of HIV. We find that preferentially treating urban women produces the most dramatic effect in reducing the number of infected male and females in rural and urban areas.
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Spies, Margaretha. "The biopsychosocial factors influencing HIV/AIDS patient adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) a Social Work study /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08112008-165506.
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Cysique, Lucette Adeline Juliette St Vincent's Hospital UNSW. "Aids dementia complex in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a neuropsychological study." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. St. Vincent's Hospital, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22074.
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The aim of the thesis was to undertake an evaluation of the neuropsychological functioning of non-demented and demented patients with advanced HIV-infection who have been treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) for several years. One hundred and one non-demented HIV-infected individuals and 23 patients with mild or moderate AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC), from the outpatient clinics and Neurology department at St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia were randomly selected to participate in a prospective study of the neurological and neuropsychological complications of HIV disease. All had advanced HIV-infection and all had been on HAART for five years on average. Thirty-one seronegative controls were recruited as controls. All participants completed a standard neuropsychological examination assessing nine cognitive domains. Non-demented advanced HIV-infected individuals participated in three follow-up visits. In addition, we report the results of a multi-centre cohort of 78 patients with mild to moderate ADC on HAART (Abacavir ADC trial). The main findings of our research were that the prevalence of neuropsychological impairment in advanced HIV-infected individuals remains equivalent to the era that preceded the introduction of HAART. Moreover, while complex attention / psychomotor speed remained a marker of HIV-related neuropsychological impairment in the HAART era, impairment in learning, memory and aspects of complex attention may be new indicators of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment. While progression of neuropsychological impairment is associated with past HIV-related history of brain involvement, we demonstrated that deterioration does not occur in a linear fashion and that over a 27 month period neuropsychological performance stabilizes in the majority. Stabilization of performance may be related to relapses in the course of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment and HAART optimization especially with antiretrovirals that have good brain tissue penetrance. Our research showed that plasma viral load and current CD4 cell count were generally not associated with the neuropsychological performance, but rather that nadir CD4 cell count was associated with neuropsychological performance suggesting a relation between past immune deterioration and current cognitive status. Cerebrospinal markers of immune and virological activity were found to be partly dissociated from current neurological in contrast to what was observed in the pre-HAART era. Future studies will need to evaluate new factors for underlying HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment as well as factors for underlying partial recovery.
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Makurumidze, Richard. "Factors associated with delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe : cross-sectional study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79913.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Access to antiretroviral therapy has been gradually increasing in resource limited settings, Zimbabwe included. Despite the increasing access to antiretroviral therapy quite a number of patients are still delaying to seek antiretroviral therapy. The purpose of the study was to examine factors associated with delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy. A survey was conducted at Parirenyatwa Hospital Opportunistic Infections/Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic from September and November 2012. A total of 80 participants starting antiretroviral therapy who met the criteria were included in the study. The inclusion criteria included patients 18 years above but less than 65 years, no prior history of antiretroviral therapy and eligibility for antiretroviral therapy based on CD4 count or World Health Organisation clinical staging. An interviewer administered questionnaire containing demographic, socio-economic and health-facility factors were used to collect data. Four weeks was used as a cut off point for delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy. The majority of participants (60%) delayed seeking antiretroviral therapy and the factors which were associated with delay in seeking antiretroviral therapy included female gender; lack of a partner; low level of education; low socio-economic status; treatment of opportunistic infections; extra laboratory tests on top of the CD4 count tests; not being on Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis; not being referred for antiretroviral therapy by the testing site; stigma and discrimination. However disclosure was not associated with early seeking of antiretroviral therapy. Health system factors such as attitude of health care workers, shortage of staff and long waiting times were also identified as bottlenecks to patients seeking antiretroviral therapy early. Efforts to increase early starting of antiretroviral therapy should focus on addressing the referral system from testing sites to antiretroviral therapy initiating sites, improving efficiency of antiretroviral initiating sites, increasing point of care HIV & AIDS diagnostics tools and addressing patient‟s concerns such as stigma & discrimination.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Toegang tot antiretrovirale terapie Geleidelik is steeds in hulpbron beperkte omgewing, Zimbabwe ingesluit. Ten spyte van die toenemende toegang tot antiretrovirale terapie 'n hele aantal van die pasiënte is nog steeds vertraag antiretrovirale terapie te soek. Die doel van die studie was om faktore te ondersoek wat verband hou met vertraging in die soek van antiretrovirale terapie. 'n Opname is by Parirenyatwa-hospitaal opportunistiese infeksies / antiretrovirale terapie Clinic van September en November 2012. 'N totaal van 80 deelnemers begin antiretrovirale terapie wat met die kriteria wat in die studie ingesluit is. Die insluiting kriterium was pasiënte ouer as 18 jaar maar minder as 65 jaar, geen geskiedenis voor antiretrovirale terapie en in aanmerking kom vir antiretrovirale terapie gebaseer op CD4-telling of Kliniese stadiëring Wêreld Gesondheid Organisasie. Was 'n onderhoudvoerder vraelys met demografiese, sosio-ekonomiese faktore en gesondheid-fasiliteit wat gebruik word om data in te samel. 4 weke is gebruik as die afsny punt vir die vertraging in die soeke na antiretrovirale terapie. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers (60%) antiretrovirale terapie en die faktore wat verband hou met die vertraging in die soek na antiretrovirale terapie is vertraag te soek vroulike geslag, gebrek van 'n vennoot, lae vlak van onderwys, 'n lae sosio-ekonomiese status, behandeling van opportunistiese infeksies; Ekstra laboratoriumtoetse op die top van die CD4-telling toetse nie op Cotrimoxazole Profilakse, nie vir antiretrovirale terapie verwys deur die toets site, stigma en diskriminasie. Egter openbaarmaking wat nie verband hou met die vroeë soek van antiretrovirale terapie. Gesondheid stelsel faktore soos houding van gesondheidsorgwerkers, tekort aan personeel en lang wagtye, is ook geïdentifiseer as knelpunte aan pasiënte op soek na vroeë antiretrovirale terapie Pogings om te vroeg begin van antiretrovirale terapie Verhoog Indien Fokus op die verwysingstelsel van die toets sites tot antiretrovirale terapie Inisiëring sites, verbetering van doeltreffendheid van antiretrovirale Inisiëring sites, Verhoog Punt van Care MIV & VIGS diagnose tools en aanspreek van die pasiënt se Kommer Soos stigma en diskriminasie.
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Chang, Ling Patricia. "Development of Motivation to Exercise in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: An Application of Self Determination Theory." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/172423.
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Educational PsychologyPh.D.
A patient's response to receiving a diagnosis of a chronic progressive disease is critical, as is the approach to the intervention that the patient receives. Parkinson's disease (PD) exemplifies chronic disease with the additional complication of being progressively degenerative and therefore increasingly debilitating. Many of the patients with PD suffer from a decrease in motivation. While physical therapy and individual independent exercise may benefit these patients with PD, the lack of motivation to exercise often presents a significant barrier to this beneficial behavior. Self-determination Theory (SDT) has been used successfully in other health paradigms to improve motivation. Motivation is achieved by satisfying the three psychological needs of competence, autonomy and relatedness of the individual. Physical therapy intervention may facilitate motivation through the development of relatedness to the health care professional (HCP). The purpose of this study was to determine if SDT may be effectively applied to increase motivation in patients with PD, determine the factors that facilitate the motivation, and quantify the effect on the patient's quality of life. This study utilized a within subject design consisting of 8 weekly sessions. At screening, demographics and baseline assessments for cognitive impairment (SLUMS), severity of PD ( Hoehn and Yahr), quality of life (PDQ-8 a questionnaire validated for the PD patient), and evaluation of physical impairments (Tinetti gait and balance test and Timed Up and Go Test[TUG]) were collected. Each weekly session included motivational interviewing designed to implement SDT strategies promoting satisfaction of the three psychological needs. Additionally, at each weekly physical therapy session, additional physical assessments were completed as well as the SRQ-E, a Likert scale SDT questionnaire designed to determine the motivation to exercise (extrinsic regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation and intrinsic motivation.). Ten patients were consented and enrolled in this study at a physician-owned clinic in the Philadelphia suburbs. All patients completed the 8-week study, with 6 of the patients opting to continue in physical therapy after the study. At baseline, patients exhibited mild to moderate impairment in physical activity as assessed by the Hoehn and Yahr average score of 2.9 (range 1-4). The average age of the patient was 68.4 (range 50-84) years with an average SLUMS score of 26.3 (range 20-30), indicating mild cognitive impairment. The data from the SRQ-E did not demonstrate significance for change in motivation. Both the Tinetti gait and balance test and the TUG average scores improved, with a change of 4.9, 1.8, and 7.1, respectively. The PDQ-8 average change improved 0.118, indicating improvement in the quality of life. Results from both the Tinetti and PDQ-8 demonstrated improvements that were statistically significant (p=.0007 and p=.008 respectively). Qualitative analysis of the motivational interviews showed the most common themes as a decrease in pain, increase in strength and function as well as independently initiating a novel exercise. Correlative analysis was inconclusive. While motivational interviewing is qualitative, a positive effect was indirectly assessed by the patient's self-reports of increased exercise and the development of relatedness to the HCP as evidenced by the patient's 100% completion rate of the study and 60% continuation on physical therapy. Further study is warranted to determine the factors that facilitated this improvement and evaluate the benefit of motivation in these patients with Parkinson's disease.
Temple University--Theses
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Bayliss, Daniel John. "Evaluation of outcomes of a six-month exercise maintenance pulmonary rehabilitation program in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1137788.
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To date, there is a scant amount of research on the long-term benefits of exercise training for individuals with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate standardized outcomes of a six-month maintenance pulmonary rehabilitation program to determine maintenance of functional capacity. Twenty-three subjects (sixteen men, seven women) diagnosed with clinical COPD ages 30-82 (65 + 12 years) participated in the retrospective study. The subjects were referred to an eight-week comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program after which upon twelve subjects continued onto a maintenance program. Eleven subjects chose not to participate in the maintenance program and were given a home exercise program and were encouraged to remain active. Hemodynamic, functional, and educational measures were taken prior to entry, upon completion of the hospital program, and again six-months post-program. Outcome tests were standardized using the Indiana Society of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Outcomes Manual. Significant differences were found between the maintenance and non-maintenance groups for systolic blood pressure in resting, exercise, and recovery measures at six monthsreevaluation. Differences in oxygen saturation were also found to reach significance between the two groups during recovery from the six-minute walk test. Interestingly, duration of exercise was found to be statistically significant between the two groups as well as emergency room visits and physician visits within the last six months. The maintenance group tended to have fewer emergency room and physician visits in addition to having self-reported higher durations of exercise. In conclusion, maintenance pulmonary rehabilitation programs have been shown to maintain physical activity levels for COPD patients and as a result, fewer quality of life consequences specifically the number of hospital admissions and emergency room visits.School of Physical Education
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Mwingira, Betty. "Development and assessment of medicines information for antiretroviral therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003257.
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Rice, Thomas H. "Prediction of oxygen consumption during exercise testing in apparently healthy subjects and coronary artery disease patients." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91143.
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The American College of Sports Medicine has published formulae that are widely used to predict functional aerobic capacity for any treadmill speed and grade combination. However, it has been demonstrated that these formulae overpredict oxygen consumption (V̇O₂) for patients with coronary artery disease as well as for apparently healthy individuals. To study this, we measured V̇O₂, ventilation (V̇E), and respiratory exchange ratio (R) responses in 21 apparently healthy subjects (AH) and 16 coronary artery diseased subjects (CAD) during a modified Balke protocol. Modification of the protocol consisted of extending the stage time from two minutes to three minutes at the higher intensities to allow a greater time for a physiological steady-state to occur. The attainment of a steady-state may lead to the reduction of or the elimination of prediction errors. No differences were observed between two and three minute VO₂ responses at maximal and submaximal exercise for either group. At peak exercise, the AH group was significantly (P≤.05) different from the CAD group when compared for heart rate (164±2.6 vs 140±4.8 bts•min⁻¹ ), V̇O₂ (33.3±1.1 vs 26.7±2.3 ml•kg⁻¹•min⁻¹), and total treadmill time (9.9±.33 vs 8.1±.54 min). At submaximal exercise, V̇O₂ responses were also significantly (p≤.05) greater for the AH group when compared to the CAD group (26.6±.95 vs 21.9±1.8 ml•kg⁻¹•min⁻¹). No significant differences were observed for RPE and blood lactate at peak exercise and V̇E and R responses at submaximal or peak exercise between the two groups. Predicted values for peak V̇O₂ were significantly (p≤.05) higher than measured values (33.3±1.1 vs 38.8±1.1 ml•kg⁻¹•min⁻¹) and (26.7±2.3 vs 34.1±1.7 ml•kg⁻¹•min⁻¹) for the AH and CAD groups, respectively. However, no significant differences were noted between predicted and measured V̇O₂ responses at submaximal exercise for either group. Individuals classified as Type A were not significantly different from classified Type B individuals when compared for the cardio-respiratory variables measured. These data demonstrate that the ACSM prediction formulae significantly overpredict V̇O₂ for both AH and CAD subjects at maximal treadmill intensities. However, at submaximal intensities, these prediction formulae are acceptable for both groups of subjects. Furthermore, these data suggest that two minutes per stage allows sufficient time for physiological steady-state to occur at clearly submaximal intensities. Although at the higher intensities, extending the stage time beyond two minutes may be indicated.M.S.
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Ramela, Thato. "An illustrated information leaflet for low-literate HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy : design, development and evaluation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007563.
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South Africa's HIV prevalence rate is estimated to be 5.7 million and at the end of2007 a total of 45845 HIV/AIDS adult patients were taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). The global incidence of HIV/AIDS has been slowly decreasing over the years but is still widespread. This disease is still more prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa than in other parts of the world, with more than 60% people living with HIV/AIDS. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the treatment of choice, slows the progression of the human immunovirus but demands a high adherence rate in excess of 95%. Patients who are poorly informed about antiretrovirals (ARVs) and misunderstand medicine-taking instructions or experience unexpected side effects may interrupt therapy, predisposing them to the development of resistance. Such patients need information but, given the poor literacy skills prevalent in South Africa, written information is often not fully comprehended and is often written at too high a reading level. The objectives of this research project were to design, modify and evaluate HIV / AIDS patient education materials for low-literate isiXhosa speaking adults residing in Grahamstown and to examine their impact on the understanding of various aspects of the disease and its treatment. Pictograms illustrating common side effects of ARVs (e.g. stavudine, efavirenz, lamivudine), as well as various sources 'for purchasing nonprescription medicines, storage and medicine-taking instructions were designed and evaluated both qualitatively, using group discussions, and quantitatively through individual interviews where interpretation of the pictograms was assessed. These pictograms were incorporated in a patient information leaflet (PIL) which had been specifically designed for people with limited reading skills and was a simple document containing the minimum of essential text. A previously developed PIL was modified in collaboration with the target population and two versions were produced, one incorporating pictograms illustrating side effects, the other with none. Pictograms were used in both to illustrate other medicine-taking instructions. The PILs were tested objectively to assess the readability, format, content, and general design. They were translated into isiXhosa prior to being qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated in a low-literate isiXhosa speaking population. Understanding of the PILs was assessed by asking a series of questions about the PIL content. Participant opinion of the readability and appearance of the PIL was recorded. The relationship between PIL understanding and selected demographic variables was investigated. Findings from this study illustrated that well designed pictograms assist in the location of information in written leaflets and they may enhance understanding of the information. It was further demonstrated that education influences total understanding of PIL content thus emphasizing the need for tailor-written information in accordance with the education level of the target population. A desire to receive PILs incorporating pictograms was expressed by the majority of participants. Collaboration with the intended target population is essential to design culturally acceptable, easily interpreted pictograms and to produce user-friendly, easy-to-read, comprehensible patient education materials. The rigorous, iterative design, modification and testing process described in this study is one that should be adopted in producing all health-related education materials.
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Dorn, Karen Toft. "Circulatory, hormonal, and metabolic effects of arbutamine compared to exercise in persons with known or suspected coronary artery disease." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38284.
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Pietraszkiewicz, Marcin Punnee Pitisuttithum. "Sexual behaviour in Thai HIV infected patients after the anti retroviral therapy /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd387/4838787.pdf.
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Thematic Paper (M.C.T.M. (Clinical Tropical Medicine))--Mahidol University, 2006.LICL has E-Thesis 0011 ; please contact computer services. LIRV has E-Thesis 0011 ; please contact circulation services.
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O'Callaghan, Erin Theresa. "Cognitive Functioning, Immune Functioning, and Disease Progression in Perinatally Infected HIV+ School-Aged Children on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy." Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/11.
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This study is one of the only investigations to examine the complex inter-relationships between immune status, cognitive functioning, and disease progression in school-aged, perinatally infected, HIV+ children on HAART over time and is the first to conduct long-term follow-up assessments beyond one year after initiating HAART. Previous research has shown that HIV+ children on HAART show stability in cognitive functioning for up to one year. The current study investigated cognitive functioning, as measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children -III, as a function of immune functioning and disease progression over time in this sample. Overall, results showed that PIQ scores remained stable over the three time points. However, further analyses demonstrated that poorer immune status, as measured by CD4% <25, at the first time point significantly predicted lower Performance IQ (PIQ)scores and PIQ subtest scores at the third time point, even after controlling for covariates. Similarly, additional analyses revealed that PIQ scores significantly declined over time as a function of CD4% category at the first time point. Finally, scores on the PIQ, Verbal IQ (VIQ), Coding, Picture Arrangement, Symbol Search, and Arithmetic at the first time point were all significant predictors of more advanced disease progression, as measured by CDC C classification at follow-up. The clinical relevance of this study and recommendations for future research in this area are discussed
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Okoli, Emmanuel Ikechukwu. "Psychosocial characteristics of AIDS patients with unsuppressed viral load after six months of antiretroviral therapy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79983.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: STUDY AIM The aim of the study is to explore the psychosocial characteristics of HIV positive clients who are yet to achieve viral load suppression after six months of commencing ARV at Sundumbili CHC in order to plan positive intervention strategies. RESEARCH DESIGN Non-experimental quantitative design was used in carrying out the study. The data was collected through retrieval of information from clinic records and completion of questionnaires to clients on ARV who met the inclusion criteria and consented to participating in the study. A total of 51 adults aged more than 18 years that were initiated in 2010/2011 and still access their treatment at Sundumbili CHC were enrolled into the study. They were selected through convenience sampling. FINDINGS Psychosocial challenges still exist among research participants whose viral load results were not suppressed after six months on ARV. This affected the adherence of some of them to their antiretroviral treatment. CONCLUSION Given the rural nature of Sundumbili and surroundings where the bulk of the patients reside, there are several psychosocial challenges affecting the patients. No known previous study has been undertaken to ascertain the psychosocial characteristics of this group of patients and the impact they may have on viral load suppression after six months of treatment. The study is therefore significant as the findings have provided more insight into the plight of the patients. It is envisaged that the recommendations from the study will assist the relevant management staff in the department in planning and subsequently implementing more positive intervention strategies. The strategies should be targeted at improving the quality of care of the HIV positive clients and attending to their psychosocial needs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: STUDIEDOELWIT Die doel van die studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die psigososiale kenmerke van MIV-positiewe kliënte wie se virustellings ná ses maande van antiretrovirale (ARV) behandeling by die gemeenskapsgesondheidsentrum op Sundumbili steeds nie onder beheer was nie, ten einde positiewe intervensiestrategieë te beplan. NAVORSINGSONTWERP ’n Nie-eksperimentele kwantitatiewe ontwerp is gebruik om die studie te onderneem. Die data is ingesamel deur die herwinning van inligting uit klinieklêers sowel as die afneem van vraelyste onder kliënte op ARV’s wat aan die insluitingsmaatstawwe voldoen en tot deelname aan die studie toegestem het. Altesaam 51 volwassenes bo die ouderdom van 18 wat in 2010/2011 met ARV behandeling begin het en dit steeds by Sundumbili-gemeenskapsgesondheidsentrum ontvang, is in die studie opgeneem. Dié groep is deur middel van geriefsteekproefneming gekies. BEVINDINGE Psigososiale uitdagings was steeds te bespeur by navorsingsdeelnemers wie se virustellings nog nie ná ses maande op ARV’s onder beheer was nie. Dit het sommige se behandelingsgetrouheid beïnvloed. GEVOLGTREKKING In die lig van die landelike aard van Sundumbili en omgewing, waar die meeste van die pasiënte woon, kom pasiënte voor verskeie psigososiale uitdagings te staan. Daar is klaarblyklik nog nooit vantevore ’n studie onderneem om die psigososiale kenmerke van hierdie groep pasiënte, en die moontlike impak daarvan op die onderdrukking van virustellings ná ses maande van behandeling, te bepaal nie. Hierdie studie is dus waardevol, aangesien die bevindinge groter insig in die lot van die pasiënte bied. Daar word beoog dat die aanbevelings uit die studie tersaaklike bestuurspersoneel in die Departement van Gesondheid sal help om meer positiewe intervensiestrategieë te beplan en gevolglik in werking te stel. Die strategieë behoort daarop afgestem te wees om die gehalte van sorglewering aan MIV-positiewe kliënte te verbeter en in hul psigososiale behoeftes te voorsien.
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Pienaar, Sunette. "The untold stories of women in historically disadvantaged communities, infected and/or affected by HIV/AIDS, about care and/or the lack of care." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06252004-095200/.
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Van, Niekerk Marinda. "The unheard stories of adolescents infected and affected by HIV/AIDS about care and/or the lack of care." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05242005-150439.
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Wright, Peter Richard. "The clinical effects of specific exercise interventions in CHF and COPD patients." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-122066.
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End-stage conditions such as chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have shown some of the most dramatic increases in mortality in the developed world over the past 40 years. Both are therefore leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and should be considered as a major economic and social burden that is both substantial and increasing.
In these conditions, exercise therapy should play an integral part in maintaining the patient’s maximal level of independence and functioning, as well as slowing or possibly even stopping the progression of the condition. In this context the main objectives of these doctoral theses are:
a. Proving the safety of different exercise modalities.
b. Identifying the most effective exercise interventions in regards to clinical parameters.
c. Proving the feasibility of outpatient rehabilitation programmes for these high risk populations.
This work, therefore, combines three studies looking into the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions – predominantly different exercise regimes in the two major conditions in the mortality statistics of CHF and COPD - both with a very poor prognosis.
In conclusion it can be said that the results and experience of all three studies demonstrate the safe feasibility of different outpatient exercise interventions and suggest specific positive adaptations in patients with heart failure and COPD which also led to a lower hospitalisation rate. There are clear hints that the therapy spectrum could be supplemented significantly by specific training interventions. The financial implications for any health care system are also highly relevant.
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Singh, Vikesh. "Implementation of the dual therapy prevention of mother-to-child transmission protocol." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1374.
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Antiretroviral drugs taken during pregnancy, reduce the rates of mother-to-child transmission from 35 percent to as low as 1 to 2 percent (UNAIDS, 2009). In 2002, the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) programme was implemented in South Africa. Studies on the implementation of the PMTCT programme have shown that understaffed and under-developed health care facilities were key barriers to the provision of PMTCT services (Health Systems Trust, 2002: 6; Skinner et al., 2003). The aim of this study was to assess the challenges experienced by health care workers working in public sector facilities in the Nelson Mandela Metropole after implementation of the dual therapy PMTCT programme. Four areas were investigated: Infrastructure; Drug Supply Management; Clinic Procedures and Staffing. A quantitative descriptive study was conducted in August 2009 at nine public health care facilities in the Nelson Mandela Metropole, South Africa. Questionnaires were issued to 81 nurses and 41 pharmacy personnel (pharmacists and pharmacist assistants). Checklist audit forms were issued to the Facility Manager of each facility and completed with the researcher. The key findings for Infrastructure were lack of space at patient waiting rooms (9; 100 percent n=9), counselling area (5; 55.5 percent; n=9), nurse consultation rooms (6; 66.6 percent; n=9), storage areas (5; 55.5 percent; n=9) and filing areas (7; 77.7 percent; n=9). The key findings for Drug Supply Management were none of the dispensaries (0 percent; n=10) were fully compliant with Good Pharmacy Practice, pharmacy personnel indicated that there were no stock cards for medication (13; 31.7 percent; n=41); there was less than two weeks supply of buffer stock kept for zidovudine and nevirapine (13; 35.1percent; n=37) and medication orders were placed without any reference to minimum and maximum levels of medication (15; 36.5 percent; n=41) . The key findings for Clinic Procedures were only two facilities followed up on patients that had missed appointments (22.2 percent; n=9) and four facilities (44.4 percent; n=9) had a tracking system for patients that had defaulted. Of the nine facilities only three (33.3 percent; n=9) updated patient demographic details regularly. The key findings for Staffing were a shortage of doctors, nurses, counsellors and pharmacists at the facilities. One of the major challenges identified was the lack of training offered on new PMTCT protocols with 56.2 percent (45; n=80) of the nurses stating that no training was provided on the dual PMTCT protocol. Only 54.3 percent (44; n=81) of nurses stated that they knew the criteria to start the mother on dual PMTCT therapy. In conclusion there is an urgent need for barriers such as lack of staff, lack of space, lack of training on PMTCT and standard procedures for follow up of patients to be addressed in order to ensure the successful scaling up of PMTCT.
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Roux, Susanna Magrieta. "Diary cards: Preliminary evaluation of an intervention tool for improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy and TB preventive therapy in people living with HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_9725_1177916709.
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Adherence to prescribed medications is a central feature of good clinical HIV care and a key factor in determining the effectiveness of treatment. This is especially true for HIV-infected patients, on antiretroviral treatment, where adherence is strongly associated with survival. HIV-associated tuberculosis is a major and increasing health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Clinical trials have demonstrated a benefit of isoniazid preventive therapy in preventing TB among HIV-infected persons, and its use among these patients is recommended. Nearly perfect compliance seems to be indispensable to obtain the maximum benefit from highly active antiretroviral treatment and prophylactic medications. Accurately assessing non-adherence is a necessary first step towards improving adherence to active antiretroviral treatment and isoniazid preventive therapy. The introduction of diary cards is being considered as a measure of adherence and as a tool to improve adherence among HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral treatment or isoniazid preventive therapy. This was a preliminary study to evaluate the effectiveness of diary cards as intervention tool for promoting adherence to antiretroviral and prophylactic TB therapy in people living with HIV/AIDS, to evaluate the diary card as a tool to measure adherence and to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of diary cards.
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Koufaki, Pelagia. "The effects of erythropoietin therapy and exercise rehabilitation on physiological and functional capacity of patients with end stage renal disease." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364706.
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Chinkubala, Lontia. "To investigate the extent to which under-five HIV positive children access Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) : a case of Siavonga District of Southern Province of Zambia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97087.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The impact of HIV/AIDS has affected all categories of people in society, including children under the age of five. This segment of the population depends entirely on adults and older children in order for them to survive. This research endeavoured to investigate the extent to which under-five HIV positive children access ART in Siavonga District in the Southern Province of Zambia. The necessity of such information for all cannot be over-emphasised as this category of the population under study is among the most neglected when it comes to issues of HIV/AIDS. Under-five HIV positive children need special attention in order for them to enjoy their right to survival and development. In terms of methodology, the research took an interpretive approach as it employed the qualitative methodology in its endeavours, in order to get an in-depth understanding of people’s views on the topic under research. Different interview schedules were used to collect data from community members, Community Health Workers (CHW), Home-based Care Providers (HBCP), staff of the Ministry of Health and District AIDS Task Force (DATF). The findings of this research addressed all the objectives but one. This research revealed that almost all the community members in Siavonga District had general knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the need for under-five HIV positive children accessing antiretroviral therapy. However, their attitudes and practices varied when it came to the application of this knowledge. According to respondents, the major challenges that under-five HIV positive children were facing when it came to accessing ART were as follows: food insecurity, followed by access to health facilities and social matters. Others included stigma and discrimination, long distances to health facilities, inadequate disposable income at household level and negative attitudes by some people who think that it is a waste of time and resources to give too much attention, including ART to under-five HIV positive children whom according to them will die soon. However, the majority of respondents indicated that there was need to accept these children like any other as they too had the right to live; hence, they needed care and support which included facilitating their access to ART. This research was an eye opener to all duty bearers to recognize and acknowledge the importance of under-five HIV positive children’s access to ART. This will contribute towards enhancing the will to step up efforts for this intervention. From the findings, it is evident that there is need for income generating activities to provide disposable income to people of Siavonga District so that they give appropriate support, particularly to children who are infected or affected by HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, more resources are required from NGOs, government and other stakeholders to enhance not only sensitization on the importance of the target population’s access to ART, but also provision of these ART services. All relevant stakeholders should heed the call to aggregate information for under-five HIV positive children in question so as to specially target interventions accordingly.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die impak van MIV/Vigs raak alle kategoriee van mense in die samelewing, insluitende kinders jonger as vyf jaar oud. Die segment van die bevolking is heeltemal afhanklik van volwassenes en ouer kinders om te oorleef. Hierdie navorsing poog om die omvang van kinders jonger as vyf, wie MIV positief is, se toegang tot antiretrovirale terapie (ART) in die Siavonga Distrik van die suidelike provinsie van Zambia te ondersoek. Die noodsaaklikheid van sodanige inligting vir alle sektore in die samelewing kan nie oorbeklemtoon word nie, aangesien hierdie kategorie van die bevolking een van die mees verwaarloosde is wanneer dit kom by MIV/Vigs verwante kwessies. Kinders jonger as vyf wie MIV positief is, moet spesiale aandag ontvang sodat hulle reg op oorlewing en ontwikkeling kan geskied. In terme van die metodologie het die navorsing ‘n beskrywende benadering gevolg om die kwalitatiewe metode in sy poging, ten einde ‘n in-diepte begrip van mense se standpunte oor die onderwerp onder navorsing te kry. Verskillende onderhoude is gebruik om data in te samel van gemeenskapslede, gesondheidswerkers in die gemenskap, tuisversorgers, personeel van die Ministerie van Gesondheid en Distriks vigs-taakspan. Die bevindinge van hierdie navorsing het al die doelwitte, behalwe een, aangespreek. Die navorsing het getoon dat byna al die gemeenskapslede in Siavonga Distrik algemene kennis het oor MIV/Vigs en die behoefte van kinders jonger as vyf se toegang tot ART. Hul houdings en praktyke verskil egter in die toepassing van hierdie kennis. Volgens die respondente is die grootste uitdagings wat kinders jonger as vyf ondervind wanneer dit kom by toegang tot ART is voedselonsekerheid, gevolg deur toegang tot gesondheidsfasiliteite en sosiale aangeleenthede. Ander sluit in stigma, diskriminasie, lang afstande na gesondheidsfasiliteite, onvoldoende besteebare inkomste op huishoudelike vlak en negatiewe houdings van sommige mense wat dink dat dit ‘n vermorsing van tyd en hulpbronne is om aan kinders jonger as vyf te spandeer, aangesien, die kinders in elk geval (volgens hulle) binnekort sal sterf.Die meerderheid van die respondente het aangedui dat dit nodig is om hierdie kinders soos enige ander kind te aanvaar en dat hulle ook die reg het om te leef: daarom dat hulle sorg en ondersteuning benodig, wat die fasilitering van hul toegang tot ART insluit. Hierdie navorsing het weer die klem geplaas op die belangrikheid van kinders jonger as vyf se toegang tot ART. Dit is duidelik dat daar ‘n behoefte is aan inkomste-genererende aktiwiteite en om besteebare inkomste aan die mense van Siavonga Distrik te voorsien, sodat hulle toepaslike ondersteuning kan bied, veral aan kinders wat deur MIV/Vigs geraak word. Verder is meer hulpbronne nodig van nie-regeringsorganisasies, die regering en ander belanghebbendes, nie net om die belangrikheid van die teikenbevolking se toegang tot ART nie, maar ook vir voorsiening van hierdie ATR dienste.
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Bailey, Barry D. "Physiological responses, perceptual responses and target heart rate compliance of coronary heart disease patients during walk-jog exercise." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91082.
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Nine male CHD patients volunteered for testing to determine variations in heart rate response (HR), walk-jog velocity (W) and compliance to the target heart rate zone under three monitoring conditions. Determination of variations in W, peripheral perceived exertion (RPEL) chest perceived exertion (RPEC) and post-exercise lactate accumulation (La) during exercise which was held constant between 60-80% maximum HR reserve were also made. Procedures consisted of three 20 min walk-jog exercise conditions. First, two baseline condition (BC) trials were performed on separate days with exercise intensity regulated through intermittent defibrillator-ECG HR checks and radial/carotid artery palpation. Next, continuous telemetry monitoring of HR by staff was added during a single exercise trial (TC). Finally, two ExersentryRcondition (EC) trials were performed on separate days with continuous feedback concerning HR response provided to the patient via ExersentryR devices. Evaluation of HR and W revealed no significant variation between conditions. However, % target HR reserve attained was significantly (p>0.05) lower during early and late BC, as compared to TC. Furthermore, "frequency in" vs "frequency out" of target HR zone was significantly (p>0.05) greater during EC, as compared to TC. During EC, no significant variations in HR, W, La, RPEL and RPEC were noted. Correlation coefficient values between 0.76-0.95 and 0.58-0.80 were reported for RPEL and RPEC, respectively. This data suggested that continuous feedback concerning HR response resulted in the greatest compliance to the target HR zone. With the exception of the first five min of EC, only RPEL reliably mirrored HR and W.
Index terms: Intermittent heart rate monitoring, continuous heart rate monitoring, heart rate response, walk-jog velocity, target heart rate compliance, peripheral perceived exertion, chest perceived exertion, post-exercise lactate accumulation.M.S.
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Augustin, Murenzi. "Physical activity levels among people living with HIV/AIDS treated with high active antiretroviral therapy in Rwanda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5415_1319109146.
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The current study aims to determine physical activity levels among people living with HIV treated with high active antiretroviral therapy in Kigali, Rwanda. A cross-sectional design using quantitative method was used. The participantâs levels of physical activity participation and their association with anthropometric profiles were measured, using a structured selfadministered questionnaire adapted from the Sub-Saharan Africa Activity Questionnaire. Based on a scientific calculation, 407 clients passing through the clinics were included in the study. A convenient sample of people attending the clinics approached to participate voluntarily in the study. The findings of the current study highlighted the lack of motivation, lack of time and fear of worsening the disease amongst the strong barriers to physical activity participation. The current study recommends education about the benefits of physical activity participation and encouragement of patient treated with high active antiretroviral therapy in Rwanda to be emphasized on to improve their lives.
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Bauer, Timothy Alan. "Oxygen uptake kinetics in peripheral arterial disease." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/125.
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