Relevant bibliographies by topics / AIDS (Disease) Exercise therapy

Academic literature on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) Exercise therapy'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "AIDS (Disease) Exercise therapy"

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Mocumbi, Ana Olga. "Cardiac Disease and HIV in Africa: A Case for Physical Exercise." Open AIDS Journal 9, no. 1 (October 20, 2015): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601509010062.

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AIDS-related deaths and new HIV infections have declined globally, but continue to be a major problem in Africa. Prior to the advent of antiretroviral treatment (ART) HIV patients died of immunodeficiency and associated opportunistic infections; Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has resulted in increased survival of these patients and has transformed this illness into a chronic condition. Cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological and muscular problems interfere with exercise in HIV-infected patients. Particularly cardiovascular disease may be associated with direct damage by the virus, by antiretroviral therapy and by malnutrition and chronic lung disease, resulting in physical and psychological impairment. Recent studies have shown the benefits of exercise training to improvement of physiologic and functional parameters, with the gains being specific to the type of exercise performed. Exercise should be recommended to all HIV patients as an effective prevention and treatment for metabolic and cardiovascular syndromes associated with HIV and HAART exposure in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Mulvany, Ruth, Audrey R. Zucker-Levin, Michael Jeng, Catherine Joyce, Janet Tuller, Jonathan M. Rose, and Marion Dugdale. "Effects of a 6-Week, Individualized, Supervised Exercise Program for People With Bleeding Disorders and Hemophilic Arthritis." Physical Therapy 90, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 509–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080202.

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BackgroundPeople with bleeding disorders may develop severe arthritis due to joint hemorrhages. Exercise is recommended for people with bleeding disorders, but guidelines are vague and few studies document efficacy. In this study, 65% of people with bleeding disorders surveyed reported participating in minimal exercise, and 50% indicated a fear of exercise-induced bleeding, pain, or physical impairment.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a professionally designed, individualized, supervised exercise program for people with bleeding disorders.DesignA single-group, pretest-posttest clinical design was used.MethodsThirty-three patients (3 female, 30 male; 7–57 years of age) with mild to severe bleeding disorders were enrolled in the study. Twelve patients had co-existing illnesses, including HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, diabetes, fibromyalgia, neurofibromatosis, osteopenia, osteogenesis imperfecta, or cancer. Pre- and post-program measures included upper- and lower-extremity strength (force-generating capacity), joint range of motion, joint and extremity circumference, and distance walked in 6 minutes. Each patient was prescribed a 6-week, twice-weekly, individualized, supervised exercise program. Twenty participants (61%) completed the program.ResultsPre- and post-program data were analyzed by paired t tests for all participants who completed the program. No exercise-induced injuries, pain, edema, or bleeding episodes were reported. Significant improvements occurred in joint motion, strength, and distance walked in 6 minutes, with no change in joint circumference. The greatest gains were among the individuals with the most severe joint damage and coexisting illness.LimitationsLimitations included a small sample size with concomitant disease, which is common to the population, and a nonblinded examiner.ConclusionsA professionally designed and supervised, individualized exercise program is feasible, safe, and beneficial for people with bleeding disorders, even in the presence of concomitant disease. A longitudinal study with a larger sample size, a blinded examiner, and a control group is needed to confirm the results.
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Lira, Fábio Santos, José Cesar Rosa Neto, and Marília Seelaender. "Exercise training as treatment in cancer cachexia." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 39, no. 6 (June 2014): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0554.

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Cachexia is a wasting syndrome that may accompany a plethora of diseases, including cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aids, and rheumatoid arthritis. It is associated with central and systemic increases of pro-inflammatory factors, and with decreased quality of life, response to pharmacological treatment, and survival. At the moment, there is no single therapy able to reverse cachexia many symptoms, which include disruption of intermediary metabolism, endocrine dysfunction, compromised hypothalamic appetite control, and impaired immune function, among other. Growing evidence, nevertheless, shows that chronic exercise, employed as a tool to counteract systemic inflammation, may represent a low-cost, safe alternative for the prevention/attenuation of cancer cachexia. Despite the well-documented capacity of chronic exercise to counteract sustained disease-related inflammation, few studies address the effect of exercise training in cancer cachexia. The aim of the present review was hence to discuss the results of cachexia treatment with endurance training. As opposed to resistance exercise, endurance exercise may be performed devoid of equipment, is well tolerated by patients, and an anti-inflammatory effect may be observed even at low-intensity. The decrease in inflammatory status induced by endurance protocols is paralleled by recovery of various metabolic pathways. The mechanisms underlying the response to the treatment are considered.
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Dalzell, M. A., N. Smirnow, W. Sateren, A. Sintharaphone, M. Ibrahim, L. Mastroianni, L. D. Vales Zambrano, and S. O'Brien. "Rehabilitation and exercise oncology program: translating research into a model of care." Current Oncology 24, no. 3 (June 28, 2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/co.24.3498.

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Introduction The Rehabilitation and Exercise Oncology model of care (ActivOnco) was established to optimize cancer survivorship through exercise prescription and active lifestyle promotion, providing a transition of care from hospital to community. Patients having any cancer diagnosis, stage of disease, and treatment were eligible for evaluation and exercise prescription upon deterioration of performance status. The team of professionals included hospital-based physiotherapists proactively screening for rehabilitation needs, loss of functional independence, and exercise eligibility, plus exercise specialists in a community-based Wellness Centre to provide follow-up or direct access for post-treatment or non-complex patients.Methods From January 2011 to December 2015, the hospital team assessed 1635 patients representing all major cancer sites, and the Wellness Centre team evaluated and prescribed exercise for 1066 participants. Primary interventions provided were education about fatigue management, physical activity promotion, exercise prescription, fracture risk reduction, referral to specialized follow-up services (for example, occupational therapy, lymphedema clinic), and coordination for mobility aids and paratransit services.Results and Conclusions Implementation of the ActivOnco model of care showed that exercise alone is not a panacea for all functional deterioration associated with the cancer trajectory and its treatment. However, screening to identify rehabilitation needs combined with exercise prescription can effectively improve the quality of survivorship in cancer patients. Program developments are limited by the cost of human resources, lack of hospital-based physical resources, and lack of public funding, all of which significantly limit the scope and development of appropriate services.
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Ware, Lisa J., and S. A. Wootton. "The paradox of improved antiretroviral therapy in HIV: potential for nutritional modulation?" Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 61, no. 1 (February 2002): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2001139.

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Chronic infection with HIV type 1 is associated with alterations in macronutrient metabolism, specifically elevated plasma lipids, glucose and reduced insulin sensitivity. These alterations are most severe in patients at the later stages of AIDS, indicating a relationship with disease progression. Recently, a metabolic syndrome, termed lipodystrophy, has been described in successfully-treated HIV patients in whom the altered macronutrient metabolism of HIV infection appears to be amplified markedly, with concurrent alterations in adipose tissue patterning. This syndrome presents a paradox, as before the development of highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) the most severe perturbations in metabolism were observed in the sickest patients. Now, the patients that respond well to therapy are showing metabolic perturbations much greater than those seen before. The implications of this syndrome are that, whilst life expectancy may be increased by reducing viral load, there are concomitant increases in the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and pancreatitis within this patient population. The aetiology of the syndrome remains unclear. In a collaborative trial with the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in London we have used stable-isotope-labelled fatty acids to examine the hypothesis that treatment with HAART causes a delayed clearance of dietary lipid from the circulation, resulting in the retention of lipid within plasma and the downstream changes in insulin and glucose homeostasis. This hypothesis would indicate a role for low-fat diets, exercise and drugs that reduce plasma lipid or insulin resistance, in modulating the response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection.
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Rice, David, Peter McNair, Eva Huysmans, Janelle Letzen, and Patrick Finan. "Best Evidence Rehabilitation for Chronic Pain Part 5: Osteoarthritis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111769.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic pain and disability in older adults, which most commonly affects the joints of the knee, hip, and hand. To date, there are no established disease modifying interventions that can halt or reverse OA progression. Therefore, treatment is focused on alleviating pain and maintaining or improving physical and psychological function. Rehabilitation is widely recommended as first-line treatment for OA as, in many cases, it is safer and more effective than the best-established pharmacological interventions. In this article, we describe the presentation of OA pain and give an overview of its peripheral and central mechanisms. We then provide a state-of-the-art review of rehabilitation for OA pain—including self-management programs, exercise, weight loss, cognitive behavioral therapy, adjunct therapies, and the use of aids and devices. Next, we explore several promising directions for clinical practice, including novel education strategies to target unhelpful illness and treatment beliefs, methods to enhance the efficacy of exercise interventions, and innovative, brain-directed treatments. Finally, we discuss potential future research in areas, such as treatment adherence and personalized rehabilitation for OA pain.
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Moraes, Willams de Matos, Úrsula Maria Moreira Costa Burgos, Antônio Carlos Sobral Sousa, Ângela Maria da Silva, João Eduardo Andrade Tavares de Aguiar, Alexia Ferreira Rodrigues, Mayara Evelyn Gomes Lopes, et al. "Myocardial ischemia and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in HIV infected patients and asymptomatic for coronary artery disease." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (September 1, 2021): e301101119756. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19756.

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Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) allows chronicity of AIDS evolution, leading to association of other pathologies such as coronary artery disease (CAD). Myocardial ischemia (MI) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) evaluation in HIV-infected patients may favor primary prevention of CAD. The study aimed to evaluate frequencies of MI and LVDD in the population living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) and asymptomatic for CAD. We analyzed data from 110 HIV-infected patients who underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation, treadmill exercise stress test, and transthoracic echocardiogram, and compared it with 2,619 healthy individuals from the control group (non-HIV and non-CAD), selected from the database. HIV-infected patients presented lower average age (51.5 ± 7.7), systemic arterial hypertension (28.0%) and dyslipidemia frequencies (32.0%). On the other hand, their MI frequency was twice as high (14.7%); and diastolic dysfunction (DD) percentage was higher in ischemic patients (45.5%). In the HIV-infected group, MI frequency was 10.0%, while that of DD was 18.2%. MI was twice as frequent among HIV infected patients compared to uninfected, despite lower frequency of risk factors for CAD. Non-ischemic patients living with HIV had a frequency of DD more than twice compared to the control individuals.
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Smith, Don E. "Efficient Diagnosis of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia." International Journal of STD & AIDS 5, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249400500101.

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In patients with HIV infection the diagnosis of PCP is relatively simple when patients present late, with advanced pneumonia. The diagnosis becomes more difficult when patients present with minimal symptoms, are receiving specific prophylactic therapy or have had previous AIDS-related pulmonary diseases. A number of non-invasive tests, such as Gallium scanning, exercise-induced hypoxaemia, DTPA scanning and lung function testing have been developed to improve on the diagnostic value of clinical examination and the chest X-ray. Although each has its own particular advantages and disadvantages, the most efficient means of diagnosing PCP, in patients presenting with respiratory symptoms, is to use these investigations as part of a diagnostic algorithm, thereby maximizing resources and defining relative risks for different types of patients.
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Frolov, P. A., M. A. Zhestkova, D. Yu Ovsyannikov, O. G. Topilin, M. I. Airapetyan, L. V. Pushko, E. V. Bojcova, E. Yu Zapevalova, A. V. Orlov, and V. V. Gorev. "PREDICTORS OF SEVERE COURSE AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A STEPWISE COMPLEX CONSERVATIVE THERAPY OF BRONCHIECTASIS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS IN CHILDREN." Pediatria. Journal named after G.N. Speransky 101, no. 4 (August 19, 2022): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24110/0031-403x-2022-101-4-29-36.

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The purpose of the study was to determine the predictors of severe bronchiectasis (BE) not associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) in children and to evaluate the effectiveness of a stepwise complex conservative therapy. Materials and methods of the study: study design - multicenter cohort prospective pilot study. 67 hospitalized pediatric patients aged from 11 months up to 17 years old (52% boys and 48% girls) with BE caused by previous pneumonia (22%), primary ciliary dyskinesia (22%), bronchial asthma (13%), Williams-Campbell syndrome (7%), bronchial foreign bodies (7%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (6%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (6%), postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (5%), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (3%), chronic granulomatous disease (3%), AIDS (1%), protracted bacterial bronchitis (1%), and brain-lung-thyroid syndrome (1%) were observed. Predictors of severe BE were determined based on a comparison of groups of patients with mild (up to 4 exacerbations of BE per year) and moderate (from 4 to 6 exacerbations) course of BE (n=31) and patients with severe course of BE (>6 exacerbations per year, n=36). At the second stage of the study, in patients with changes in the severity of the course of BE, who were followed in dynamics (n=42), the frequency of exacerbations was assessed during the year after the appointment of a stepwise complex conservative therapy, which included, depending on the severity, daily drainage massage, exercise therapy, auxiliary devices for the respiratory tract clearance, long-term anti-inflammatory azithromycin, inhaled/intravenous antibiotics, and/or respiratory support. Results: the clinical picture of severe BE occurring with >6 exacerbations per year compared with mild/moderate course of the disease (≤6 exacerbations per year) is characterized by a statistically significantly more frequent registration of dyspnea (86% and 45%, p<0.001), exercise intolerance (69% and 39%, p=0.012), wet rales (89% and 61%, p=0.011), finger clubbing (17% and 0%, p=0.027). The prognostic model for determining the likelihood of severe BE not associated with CF in children includes the age of manifestation, a positive result of bacteriological examination of sputum/aspirates from the respiratory tract, localization of BE in the middle lobe of the right lung and/or lingual segments, and dyspnea. The appointment of gradual conservative therapy for BE, depending on the severity/frequency of exacerbations, makes it possible to statistically significantly reduce the severity of BE (p<0.001) and the median of exacerbations during the year from 9.00 [3.25-12.00] before treatment to 2.00 [1.00-3.00] after treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: BEs are heterogeneous in severity, which determines the choice of therapy. Conservative therapy of BE not associated with CF in children has a stepwise principle depending on the severity of the course. Its appointment could therefore reduce the frequency of exacerbations.
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Smolderen, Kim G., Christina Pacheco, Jeremy Provance, Nancy Stone, Christine Fuss, Carole Decker, Matthew Bunte, et al. "Treatment decisions for patients with peripheral artery disease and symptoms of claudication: Development process and alpha testing of the SHOW-ME PAD decision aid." Vascular Medicine 26, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358863x20988780.

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Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) face a range of treatment options to improve survival and quality of life. An evidence-based shared decision-making tool (brochure, website, and recorded patient vignettes) for patients with new or worsening claudication symptoms was created using mixed methods and following the International Patient Decision Aids Standards (IPDAS) criteria. We reviewed literature and collected qualitative input from patients ( n = 28) and clinicians ( n = 34) to identify decisional needs, barriers, outcomes, knowledge, and preferences related to claudication treatment, along with input on implementation logistics from 59 patients and 27 clinicians. A prototype decision aid was developed and tested through a survey administered to 20 patients with PAD and 23 clinicians. Patients identified invasive treatment options (endovascular or surgical revascularization), non-invasive treatments (supervised exercise therapy, claudication medications), and combinations of these as key decisions. A total of 65% of clinicians thought the brochure would be useful for medical decision-making, an additional 30% with suggested improvements. For patients, those percentages were 75% and 25%, respectively. For the website, 76.5% of clinicians and 85.7% of patients thought it would be useful; an additional 17.6% of clinicians and 14.3% of patients thought it would be useful, with improvements. Suggestions were incorporated in the final version. The first prototype was well-received among patients and clinicians. The next step is to implement the tool in a PAD specialty care setting to evaluate its impact on patient knowledge, engagement, and decisional quality. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03190382
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AIDS (Disease) Exercise therapy"

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Kirkman, Danielle Louise. "Exercise as adjunctive therapy in chronic kidney disease." Thesis, Bangor University, 2013. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/exercise-as-adjunctive-therapy-in-chronic-kidney-disease(a8f961d2-6026-429c-aa7d-e18a6ffef1bf).html.

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Background. Exercise is a natural medicine that has been prescribed for the prevention and management of chronic diseases, to enhance quality of life, improve health status and promote longevity. Current efforts to implement exercise as routine practice in the conventional renal replacement therapy population have been hampered by a lack of randomised controlled data. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of exercise as an adjunctive therapy to enhance outcomes pertaining to renal transplantation, vascular access, haemodialysis adequacy and muscle wasting in Stage 4 and 5 Chronic Kidney Disease patients. It was hypothesised that randomised controlled trials employing gold standard outcome measures would reveal significant beneficial effects of exercise that are strongly associated with quality of life, hospitalisation and survival in this patient population. Reports. The first report presents a systematic literature review of exercise in the kidney transplant population. The largest positive effects were noted on intermediate outcomes such as aerobic fitness and muscle strength. Presumably these adaptations contributed to the trends observed for improvement in quality of life. Whether exercise impacts on outcomes associated with longevity of life requires further study. The rest of the thesis focused on patients receiving the more popular form of renal replacement therapy, haemodialysis. The first empirical study of the thesis, appertaining to vascular access, investigated the feasibility of implementing a post-operative forearm exercise intervention for arteriovenous fistula maturation. Exercise had no effect on primary outcomes measures of arterial diameter (95% Cl, -0.24 [-1.12; 0.51] mm) and venous diameter (95% Cl, 0.16 [-1.84; 1.24] mm). It was concluded that future randomized controlled trials should investigate a similar protocol implemented before arteriovenous fistula creation to enhance surgery success and maturation. The second randomised controlled trial explored the effect of intradialytic exercise, in comparison to the traditional prescription of increased dialysis time, to enhance dialysis adequacy and solute removal. Increased haemodialysis time, but not exercise, increased equilibrated Kt/V urea compared to control trials (Extra time vs. control: 95% Cl, 0.15 [0.05; 0.26], P < 0.05; exercise vs. control: 95% Cl, 0.03 [-0.05; 0.12], P > 0.05). Exercise, but not increased time, increased phosphate reduction ratio (exercise vs. control: 95% Cl, 8.6 [0.5; 16.7] %,p < 0.05; extra time vs. control: 95% Cl, 5.0 [-1.0; 11.1] %, p > 0.05). Thus intradialytic exercise cannot replace the traditional prescription of increased haemodialysis time for improving dialysis efficacy, but may be a useful adjunctive therapy for serum phosphate control. The third study implemented a randomised controlled trial of intradialytic progressive resistance training for treating muscle wasting. The primary outcome measure of thigh muscle volume, as measured by magnetic resonance imaging, significantly increased following 12 weeks of training compared to a sham exercise control (95% Cl, 193 [63; 324] cm3). Intradialytic resistance exercise elicited an anabolic and strength response in haemodialysis patients. However, a surprising lack of a change in functional capacity despite increased muscle mass warrants further investigation. Conclusion. The findings suggested that exercise had a beneficial effect on factors relating to outcomes in Stages 4 and 5 Chronic Kidney Disease patients. However, to ensure effectiveness of interventions and to maximize programme efficiency, careful consideration of basic exercise and physiological principles is required. Nevertheless, the observed benefits of exercising outweighed its risks, thus supporting the initiative for exercise prescription as an adjunctive therapy for the management of this disease state.
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Archer, Colleen E. "Accommodating pain-free exercise therapy for peripheral arterial disease." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015221.

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Shah, Chintan. "Effects of Exercise Therapy on Functional Connectivity in Parkinson's Disease." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1364514398.

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Klein, Hector Leon. "Pastoral-therapeutic work with family members infected and affected by HIV/AIDS a narrative approach /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/availabale/etd-08222005-10852/.

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Labeodan, Moremi Morire OreOluwapo. "Stochastic analysis of AIDS epidemiology." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.l.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10172009-112824.

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Akpabio, Charles G. "An Assessment of factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral treatment in Albert Horsfall Medical Center, Abuja, Nigeria." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7192_1256206209.

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The aim of the study is to determine the characteristics associated with ART adherence to , in Albert Horsfall Medicacal Center (AHMC), Abuja, Nigeria. The Objectives are to measure the adherence to ART, assess the association of the demographic characteristic of patients on ART with adherence to medications in the facility
and to establish patients' perspectivesto adherence and impediments to compliance to ART in the center.

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Ali, Hossam Eldin Hamdy Ahmed. "Can exercise ameliorate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease? : modes and mechanisms." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294264.

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Movement disorders are the hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can severely compromise an individual’s ability to perform well-learned motor skills such as walking, writing, turning around and transferring in and out of bed. The first symptoms of PD typically do not appear until a critical threshold of 70-80% loss of the striatal neurotransmitter called Dopamine (DA) is exceeded. The loss of DA compromises the connection between the striatum and the Substania Nigra (SN); this connection is essential for the control of body movement. The lifelong management of individuals with PD needs a multidisciplinary approach, which includes coordination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. The use of prescribed exercise as a non-invasive PD symptom management tool is well recognized. What needs further research and development is an evidence-base for the type, frequency, intensity, duration etc. of exercise bouts. It is however ethically, socially and morally challenging to put unknown physical demands on PD sufferers, therefore in vivo and in vitro studies will be essential in delineating and targeting appropriate interventions. Additionally, in order to establish whether the various interventions are effective will also require a simple measure, preferably one that can be detected following exercise. Ca2+ plays an important role in the synthesis of DA via the Ca2+ calmodulin system and its increase in exercise coincidences with the reported positive effects of exercise on dopamenirgic neuron activity. The aim of this thesis was therefore to use in vivo, in vitro and human methodologies to establish a role for physical exercise in the amelioration of the symptoms of PD. The in vivo study comprised of four groups of experimental animals (rats): a control group (C), a training exercise group (E), a group in which Parkinson’s was induced via systemic injections of PD toxin MPTP (PD) and a group where PD-induced animals were trained/exercised (PDE). (E) and (PDE) groups were trained with 8 weeks of endurance exercise at 90% of the lactate threshold (LT), 5 times a week with each bout lasting for 45 min using a custom-built rodent treadmill. After 8 weeks, all animals were sacrificed and brain samples were collected for immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Ca2+ calmodulin kinases I (CaMK-1) and IV (CaMK-4) were investigated as indicators of the activity of the Ca2+ calmodulin pathway. Immunohistochemical analysis of SN region indicated that in the PD group, CaMK-1 and CaMK-4 expression was suppressed when compared with control (C) animals. This phenotype was apparently rescued by endurance exercise as those animals. The western blot results also showed quantitative differences in CaMK-1 and CaMK-4 proteins in the studied brain regions in the (PDE) and (E) groups compared with the PD group. It was concluded from this data that endurance exercise could up regulate the expression of both CaMK-1 and CaMK-4 in the brain of PD sufferers. It was postulated that changes in Ca2+ levels might therefore drive the neuroprotective effect of exercise. The in vitro study was designed to test the hypothesis generated from the in vivo work that Ca2+ is a main effector of the neuroprotective effect of exercise. The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line is used as a model of DA neurons as it has DA activity and can synthesize DA. PD was simulated in these cells by exposure to the toxin 6-OHDA whilst addition of Ca2+ was used as an “exercise mimic”. Results showed differences in the survival of SH-SY5Y cells after exposure to specific concentration of Ca2+ following treatment with 6-OHDA. Finally, in order to assess the importance of this data to the clinical population and to further develop the concept that Ca2+ is a major effector of the positive effect of exercise, the effect of moderate-level exercise on the levels of blood Ca2+ in subjects with PD was investigated. Measures of cardiovascular physiology and blood biochemistry (total blood Ca2+) were obtained during cycling exercise at an intensity of 90% of the lactate threshold. Results indicated exercise to be beneficial in alleviating motor symptoms of PD.
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Santiago, Pia Bantegui. "Adherence to exercise following pulmonary rehabilitation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3130214.

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Shum, Jannie Gem, and 沈寧寧. "An evidence-based protocol: exercise trainingfor patients with coronary heart disease." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48339258.

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Background Coronary heart disease deprives millions of lives in the world annually and this number has increased steadily in recent years. In Hong Kong, coronary heart disease claimed 4360 lives in 2009 and it is one of the major burdens of the healthcare system. In order to reduce cardiac mortality and morbidity and to enhance patients’ quality of life, cardiac rehabilitation program is developed. Exercise training is a pivotal part of the cardiac rehabilitation program. Objective The main objective of this translational nursing research is to translate quality research evidences regarding the effects of exercise training in improving quality of life of patients with coronary heart disease to the local setting. This is achieved by developing an evidence-based protocol. Methods A systematic search of literature was conducted in 5 electronic databases. 8 relevant randomized controlled trials were eventually obtained. Then, the 8 identified studies were summarized to form a table of evidence and the critical appraisal was performed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) checklist. After performing the quality assessment, evidences were assembled for synthesis and recommendations are made for developing the evidence-based protocol. Since the implementation potential of the proposed exercise training program is considered to be high, an evidence-based protocol is developed for the local context. In order to implement the evidence-based protocol smoothly, implementation plan is developed in which a communication plan and a pilot test are included. Lastly, evaluation plan is established to assess the effectiveness of the program in fulfilling its objectives. Results In total, 7 recommendations are made based on the 8 appraised studies. According to the SIGN’s “Grades of recommendation”, all the recommendations in the protocol are graded with “A”. The significance of this evidence-based protocol is that it adds a symptom-limited exercise test for evaluating participant’s level of exercise tolerance before the start of exercise training, so that exercise intensity can be tailored. It is relatively safer than the current practice. Conclusion A 6-week exercise training program for patients with coronary heart disease is effective in improving their quality of life and increasing their level of physical activity. Since the program has a high implementation potential in the local context and is safer than the current practice, the evidence-based exercise training protocol is worthwhile to be introduced to the cardiac units in Hong Kong.
published_or_final_version
Nursing Studies
Master
Master of Nursing
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Erasmus, Elrika. "Play in psychotherapy with HIV/AIDS-affected children and families." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12072005-155941.

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Books on the topic "AIDS (Disease) Exercise therapy"

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Raphael, Dolin, Masur Henry, and Saag Michael S, eds. AIDS therapy. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 2003.

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Dolin, Raphael. AIDS therapy. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2007.

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Macbeth, Lynn. Exercise and Parkinson's disease. Tucson, Ariz: Desert Southwest Fitness, Center for Continuing Education, 2001.

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Ignacio, Ripoll, ed. Exercise and disease management. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2011.

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Peiperl, Laurence. Manual of HIV/AIDS therapy. 2nd ed. Fountain Valley, Calif: Current Clinical Strategies, 1995.

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Peiperl, Laurence. Manual of HIV/AIDS therapy. Newport Beach, Calif: Current Clinical Strategies Pub. International, 1992.

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R, Watson Ronald, and Eisinger Marianne, eds. Exercise and disease. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992.

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Michael, Youle, ed. AIDS: Therapeutics in HIV disease. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1988.

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Leutholtz, Brian C. Exercise and disease management. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1999.

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Exercise and chronic disease: An evidence-based approach. New York, NY: Routledge, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "AIDS (Disease) Exercise therapy"

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Böning, Dieter, Michael I. Lindinger, Damian M. Bailey, Istvan Berczi, Kameljit Kalsi, José González-Alonso, David J. Dyck, et al. "AIDS, Exercise." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 50–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_15.

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Motegi, Takashi. "Exercise Therapy for COPD: How Is Exercise Therapy Significant?" In Respiratory Disease Series: Diagnostic Tools and Disease Managements, 161–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0839-9_9.

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Proske, Uwe, David L. Morgan, Tamara Hew-Butler, Kevin G. Keenan, Roger M. Enoka, Sebastian Sixt, Josef Niebauer, et al. "Ergogenic Aids." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 298. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2357.

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Bruce, Robert A., and Peter F. Cohn. "Exercise Testing." In Diagnosis and Therapy of Coronary Artery Disease, 135–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2569-7_6.

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Di Perri, G., S. Audagnotto, F. Gobbi, L. Trentini, A. Calcagno, and S. Bonora. "Natural History of HIV Infection and Evolution of Antiretroviral Therapy." In Cardiovascular Disease in AIDS, 1–13. Milano: Springer Milan, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0761-1_1.

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Böning, Dieter, Michael I. Lindinger, Damian M. Bailey, Istvan Berczi, Kameljit Kalsi, José González-Alonso, David J. Dyck, et al. "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_4014.

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Kokkinos, Peter F. "Exercise Therapy for Lower Extremity Arterial Disease." In Lower Extremity Arterial Disease, 243–56. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-881-1:243.

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Kalmar, Jayne M., Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, et al. "Cytotoxic Therapy." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 229. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2282.

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Wagner, Peter, Frank C. Mooren, Hidde J. Haisma, Stephen H. Day, Alun G. Williams, Julius Bogomolovas, Henk Granzier, et al. "Gene Therapy." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 360. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2429.

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Lynch, Gordon S., David G. Harrison, Hanjoong Jo, Charles Searles, Philippe Connes, Christopher E. Kline, C. Castagna, et al. "Systemic Therapy." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 841. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_3104.

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Conference papers on the topic "AIDS (Disease) Exercise therapy"

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Arzani, Amirhossein, Ga Young Suh, Michael V. McConnell, Ronald L. Dalman, and Shawn C. Shadden. "Progression of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Effect of Lagrangian Transport and Hemodynamic Parameters." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14643.

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Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a permanent, localized enlargement of the abdominal aorta that accompanies disturbed blood flow, which is thought to perpetuate aneurysm progression. AAA rupture is a leading cause of death in the elderly and an exact intervention decision for this disease has always been associated with uncertainty. There is currently no medicinal treatment of AAA, however lower extremity exercise has been a proposed therapy. Specifically, elevated flow rates in the abdominal aorta, reduced retrograde flow, higher mean wall shear stress, and lower oscillatory shear index resulting from exercise have been hypothesized as beneficial in preventing or slowing AAA. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has recently been used to model flow conditions inside AAA with an aim to better understand the biomechanical underpinnings of this disease. Recent studies have used patient-specific computational models, however few studies have looked in detail to AAA transport topology or correlated their results with aneurysm progression data. This study aims to (1) compare the flow topology between rest and exercise conditions in patients with small AAA to understand specifically how blood transport changes from rest to exercise, and (2) compare flow parameters obtained by CFD to the aneurysm progression.
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Paredes, Hugo, Dennis Paulino, João Barroso, Catarina Abrantes, Isabel Machado, and Ivone Silva. "Supervised physical exercise therapy of peripheral artery disease patients: M-health challenges and opportunities." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2021.470.

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Constant, Nick, Travis Frink, Matthew J. Delmonico, Patricia Burbank, Robert Patterson, Jessica Simons, and Kunal Mankodiya. "A Smartwatch-Based Service Towards Home Exercise Therapy for Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartcomp.2019.00047.

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Herbert, S., C. Harries, J. Barbosa, R. Tulloh, A. Kempny, C. McCabe, J. Wort, K. Dimopoulos, and Laura Price. "24 Exercise capacity improvement in adult congenital heart disease patients switching from bosentan to macitentan therapy." In British Congenital Cardiac Association, Annual meeting abstracts 9–10 November 2017, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2017-bcca.24.

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Saxer, Stéphanie, Luigi-Riccardo Calendo, Mona Lichtblau, Julian Müller, Arcangelo Carta, Fiorenza Gautschi, Charlotte Berlier, et al. "Effect of short-term oxygen therapy on exercise performance in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease." In ERS International Congress 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa1922.

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Naydenova, Stefania, and Evgeniya Dimitrova. "COMBINED METHODS OF PHYSIOTHERAPY IN CASE OF CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/145.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aims to compare the efficacy of two different physiotherapy methods for relieving the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), to supplement already imposed methods, and to summarize a new methodology for prevention. Relevance: Improving the overall physical condition of patients, combating a sedentary lifestyle, and training in the correct body position is the way to prevent the disease. Our study provides scientific evidence to justify the role of physiotherapy for the treatment and prevention of relapses in this condition. Subjects: The randomized controlled trial has been conducted since January 2016 in a private physiotherapy practice. A total of 111 patients with clinically confirmed idiopathic CTS were divided in two groups of treatment. Interventions consisted of 15 physiotherapy sessions for at least 10 weeks and with two different physiotherapy programs -Group A (68 patients) and Group B (42 others). Material and methods: Manual muscle stretching and relaxation techniques, joint mobilization therapy and active exercises, strengthening program, soft tissue mobilization therapy, and mobilization of the nervous system in the wrist, and forearm area were already part of their treatment program. When contingent and conducting tests for functional examination showed us the presence of Upper cross syndrome in over 75% of cases participants. Manual therapy on the “Manuthera” table and the combination of active training with Electro Muscle Stimulation to overcome muscle dysbalance. Results: Analysis of the results so far shows that the findings are empirical data difference is not random, so the methodology has a proven effect. During the experiment, the experimental group realized statistically significant results related to the symptoms and complaints typical of the syndrome. Conclusion: The results showed great statistical significance in proving the effect from the conducted experimental methodology.
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Hansen, Laura, Manu O. Platt, Roy L. Sutliff, and Rudolph L. Gleason. "The Mechanical and Structural Changes in Murine Arteries due to the Antiretroviral Drug Azidothymidine (AZT)." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80799.

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With over 33 million people infected with the human immunodefeciency virus (HIV-1), HIV-1 and autoimmune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a worldwide epidemic [1]. However, the development and widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has helped transform HIV-1 infection from a terminal disease leading to AIDS to a manageable chronic condition. With the increase in life expectancy, a new set of non-AIDS related complications has emerged including dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) specifically high risks for myocardial infarction[2] and increased incidence of atherosclerosis [3]. Additionally, patients exhibit markers of subclinical atherosclerosis including endothelial dysfunction [4], carotid artery intima-media thickening [5], and arterial stiffening [4, 6].
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Bilda, Kerstin, Fiona Dörr, and Anika Thurmann. "Artificial intelligence solutions in Parkinson therapy." In Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2022) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001037.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in Europe [1]. PD requires a high-frequency therapy offer for a sustainable improvement of the communicative abilities. To improve speech therapy care in PD, technology-based therapies can be useful, essential in these digital health applications is that objective feedback is available for correct exercise performance. The "Speech" application from the ISi-Speech research project [1] provides technology-based training for the therapy of dysarthria in PD. The overall goal of the application is to improve speech functions and thus promote participation and quality of life for those affected. Methodologically, a strictly user-centered implementation approach is planned. Therapists* implement ISi-Speech into an existing evidenced based therapy format. Assumptions about the development of digital maturity levels among therapists*, best practice models for inpatient and outpatient therapy settings and implementation strategies will be identified through the feasibility study. The intervention is part of a public project of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany. The project humAine - human centered AI network focuses on different areas of business and healthcare. This specific use case is about the implementation of AI in speech therapy with the aim to sustainably simplify the workflow, identify competency strategies and identify best-practice models.
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Borges, Érico Induzzi, André Lopez Fernandez, Louis Fernando Marques de Almeida, Juline do Prado Paes, Jandey da Glória Bigonha, Antônio José da Rocha, Herval Soares Ribeiro Neto, and Sônia Maria Cesar de Azevedo Silva. "Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy following Daratumumab therapy for refractory Multiple Myeloma – a case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.441.

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Context: PML is a dymyeliniating disease of the brain, caused by JC virus infection reactivation in immunocompromised patients, especially by AIDS, hematological disease and immunosuppressive therapies. Case report: A 67-year-old woman was diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) in 2018 and use of bortezomib/cyclophosphamide/dexamethasone and thalidomide was ineffective. She underwent treatment with monthly daratumumab starting in January 2020. After one year, she experienced progressive amnesia, apathy and confusion. At admission, examination revealed apathy, monosyllabic communication and frontal release, progressing to mutism and abulia. T2 FLAIR-weighted MRI of the brain performed in March 2021 showed a hyperintense non-enhancing lesion affecting thalamus, internal capsule, lentiform and deep white matter of left lobes. MRI performed one month before symptoms onset showed a small lesion in subinsular region – indicating incipient involvement. Cerebrospinal fluid PCR was positive for JC viruses, and PML was diagnosed. Conclusions: This report proves that concomitant hematologic and drug- immunocompromised patients presenting with neurological symptoms should be investigated for PML. There are few reports in the literature of PML occurring in MM, especially after use of daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. Recently, one small case series demonstrated some improvement in pembrolizumab (a checkpoint inhibitor)-treated PML, but no routinely therapy is recommended. Understanding severity of both disease, patient was discharged receiving conservative treatment.
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McGill, D., J. McGuiness, and N. Ardlie. "PLATELET FUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH EXERCISE INDUCED MYOCARDIAL ISCHAEMIA: MODIFICATION BY COMBINED BETA-BL0CKER AND CALCIUM ENTRY BLOCKER THERAPY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643011.

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The relationship between platelet activation and exercise induced myocardial ischaemia is controversial, and the presence of measurable effects of anti-anginal drugs on platelet function requires further clarification. This study addresses these questions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), treated with metoprolol and nifedipine. Twenty seven clinically stable males aged 35 to 69 years (mean 53) with proven CAD, ceased all medications for 5 days, were maximally exercised on a treadmill, and then commenced treatment for 4 weeks. They were exercised to the same workload on treatment and again without drugs one week later. Blood samples were collected immediately before and after exercise in each of the three tests, to measure serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Myocardial ischaemia was assessed by ST segment depression. Statistical analysis was performed on paired and grouped data using the appropriate T-test. Baseline TXB2 levels were significantly lower in patients with exercise induced ischaemia, and this group had a significant increase in TXB2 production after exercise (Table). This increase was inhibited by therapy. .Those with a negative test had higher baseline TXB2 levels which not increase with exercise.It is concluded that myocardial ischaemia is associated with a lower potential for TXB2 production. It is also associated with an exercise induced increase in TXB2 which is prevented by anti-ischaemic drugs. It is suggested that continuous platelet activation may occur in CAD patients with ischaemia, depleting the potential for TXB2 production.
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Reports on the topic "AIDS (Disease) Exercise therapy"

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Wang, Lina, Yangli Sun, Jie Zhan, Zhiyuan Wu, Peiming Zhang, Xiaopeng Wen, Shuqi Ge, Xu Han, and Liming Lu. Effects of exercise therapy on anxiety and depression in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of a randomized controlled study. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.6.0017.

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Shi, Jianglong, Yuemei Chen, Jian Li, Yu Zhou, Wentao Shu, Bo Liu, Song Ouyang, Wenjuan Cao, Tao Shen, and Liyun Liu. Effectiveness and safety of acupuncture versus conventional therapy for exercise intolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: protocol for a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.4.0131.

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Liu, Zhen, Zhizhen Lv, Jiao Shi, Shuangwei Hong, Huazhi Huang, and Lijiang Lv. Efficacy of traditional Chinese exercise in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0022.

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Review question / Objective: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disease in which fatigue strikes or lasts for more than 6 months, accompanied by pain, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression. Moreover, it brings a heavy economic burden to society. Traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) are a traditional Chinese medical treatment and have good efficacy on CFS, therefore, this systematic evaluation is to accurately evaluate the efficacy of TCEs on CFS. P: Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. I: Traditional Chinese exercises. C: conventional exercise, acupuncture, physiotherapy, and other physical therapy methods. O: quality of life, fatigue, pain, sleep, anxiety, and depression. S: randomized controlled trials. Condition being studied: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disease in which fatigue strikes or lasts for more than 6 months, accompanied by pain, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression. Moreover, it brings a heavy economic burden to society. Traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) are a traditional Chinese medical treatment and have good efficacy on CFS. Therefore, this systematic evaluation is to accurately evaluate the efficacy of TCEs on CFS, to provide an alternative therapy for clinical treatment of CFS.
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van Dam, Johannes, and Sherry Hutchinson. Access to treatment for HIV/AIDS: Report of a meeting of international experts. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2002.1000.

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As of December 2001, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS is estimated at 40 million, and most live in the developing world. Advances in the development and availability of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs have led to a paradigm shift in most of the industrialized world, where highly active ARV therapy has resulted in a significant reduction in the prevalence of AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. In most of the developing world, however, the focus of national programs and international support continues to be on prevention and care in the absence of ARV treatment. While the moral imperative to provide the best possible treatment for people with AIDS-related disease is widely recognized, national governments and donors have been reluctant to enter into this endeavor citing numerous concerns. Ministries of health and the international donor community need guidance on developing and implementing effective HIV/AIDS treatment programs. To explore and prioritize operations research questions about access to treatment for HIV/AIDS, the Horizons Program convened a two-day meeting of international researchers and program managers in Washington, DC, on June 12–13, 2001. This report presents the findings and recommendations discussed at the meeting.
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Liu, Lu, Wenchuan Qi, Qian Zeng, Ziyang Zhou, Daohong Chen, Lei Gao, Bin He, Dingjun Cai, and Ling Zhao. Does acupuncture improve lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease animal model?: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0104.

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Review question / Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and progressive airflow obstruction documented on spirometry. Acupuncture, as a safe and economical non-pharmacology therapy, has pronounced therapeutic effects in COPD patients. Several systematic reviews draw the conclusion that acupuncture could improve patients’ quality of life, exercise capacity and dyspnoea, however, the results about lung function were inconclusive. Recently, increasing number of animal studies has been published to illustrate the effects of acupuncture in improving lung function in COPD animal model. However, the efficacy of acupuncture for experimentally induced COPD have not been systematically investigated yet. A systematic review of animal experiments can benefit future experimental designs, promote the conduct and report of basic researches and provide some guidance to translate the achievements of basic researches to clinical application in acupuncture for COPD. Therefore, we will conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate effects of acupuncture on COPD animal model.
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Chou, Roger, Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Ian Blazina, Erika Brodt, David I. Buckley, Tamara P. Cheney, et al. Treatments for Acute Pain: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer240.

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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of opioid, nonopioid pharmacologic, and nonpharmacologic therapy in patients with specific types of acute pain, including effects on pain, function, quality of life, adverse events, and long-term use of opioids. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) to August 2020, reference lists, and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of outpatient therapies for eight acute pain conditions: low back pain, neck pain, other musculoskeletal pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain following discharge, dental pain (surgical or nonsurgical), pain due to kidney stones, and pain due to sickle cell disease. Meta-analyses were conducted on pharmacologic therapy for dental pain and kidney stone pain, and likelihood of repeat or rescue medication use and adverse events. The magnitude of effects was classified as small, moderate, or large using previously defined criteria, and strength of evidence was assessed. Results. One hundred eighty-three RCTs on the comparative effectiveness of therapies for acute pain were included. Opioid therapy was probably less effective than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for surgical dental pain and kidney stones, and might be similarly effective as NSAIDs for low back pain. Opioids and NSAIDs were more effective than acetaminophen for surgical dental pain, but opioids were less effective than acetaminophen for kidney stone pain. For postoperative pain, opioids were associated with increased likelihood of repeat or rescue analgesic use, but effects on pain intensity were inconsistent. Being prescribed an opioid for acute low back pain or postoperative pain was associated with increased likelihood of use of opioids at long-term followup versus not being prescribed, based on observational studies. Heat therapy was probably effective for acute low back pain, spinal manipulation might be effective for acute back pain with radiculopathy, acupressure might be effective for acute musculoskeletal pain, an opioid might be effective for acute neuropathic pain, massage might be effective for some types of postoperative pain, and a cervical collar or exercise might be effective for acute neck pain with radiculopathy. Most studies had methodological limitations. Effect sizes were primarily small to moderate for pain, the most commonly evaluated outcome. Opioids were associated with increased risk of short-term adverse events versus NSAIDs or acetaminophen, including any adverse event, nausea, dizziness, and somnolence. Serious adverse events were uncommon for all interventions, but studies were not designed to assess risk of overdose, opioid use disorder, or long-term harms. Evidence on how benefits or harms varied in subgroups was lacking. Conclusions. Opioid therapy was associated with decreased or similar effectiveness as an NSAID for some acute pain conditions, but with increased risk of short-term adverse events. Evidence on nonpharmacological therapies was limited, but heat therapy, spinal manipulation, massage, acupuncture, acupressure, a cervical collar, and exercise were effective for specific acute pain conditions. Research is needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of therapies for sickle cell pain, acute neuropathic pain, neck pain, and management of postoperative pain following discharge; effects of therapies for acute pain on non-pain outcomes; effects of therapies on long-term outcomes, including long-term opioid use; and how benefits and harms of therapies vary in subgroups.
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Selph, Shelly S., Andrea C. Skelly, Ngoc Wasson, Joseph R. Dettori, Erika D. Brodt, Erik Ensrud, Diane Elliot, et al. Physical Activity and the Health of Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Review in Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, and Spinal Cord Injury. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer241.

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Objectives. Although the health benefits of physical activity are well described for the general population, less is known about the benefits and harms of physical activity in people dependent upon, partially dependent upon, or at risk for needing a wheelchair. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for physical activity in people with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury regardless of current use or nonuse of a wheelchair. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, PsycINFO®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase®, and Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source from 2008 through November 2020, reference lists, and clinical trial registries. Review methods. Predefined criteria were used to select randomized controlled trials, quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and cohort studies that addressed the benefits and harms of observed physical activity (at least 10 sessions on 10 different days of movement using more energy than rest) in participants with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury. Individual study quality (risk of bias) and the strength of bodies of evidence for key outcomes were assessed using prespecified methods. Dual review procedures were used. Effects were analyzed by etiology of impairment and physical activity modality, such as treadmill, aquatic exercises, and yoga, using qualitative, and when appropriate, quantitative synthesis using random effects meta-analyses. Results. We included 146 randomized controlled trials, 15 quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and 7 cohort studies (168 studies in 197 publications). More studies enrolled participants with multiple sclerosis (44%) than other conditions, followed by cerebral palsy (38%) and spinal cord injury (18%). Most studies were rated fair quality (moderate risk of bias). The majority of the evidence was rated low strength. • In participants with multiple sclerosis, walking ability may be improved with treadmill training and multimodal exercise regimens that include strength training; function may be improved with treadmill training, balance exercises, and motion gaming; balance is likely improved with postural control exercises (which may also reduce risk of falls) and may be improved with aquatic exercises, robot-assisted gait training, treadmill training, motion gaming, and multimodal exercises; activities of daily living may be improved with aquatic therapy; sleep may be improved with aerobic exercises; aerobic fitness may be improved with multimodal exercises; and female sexual function may be improved with aquatic exercise. • In participants with cerebral palsy, balance may be improved with hippotherapy and motion gaming, and function may be improved with cycling, treadmill training, and hippotherapy. • In participants with spinal cord injury, evidence suggested that activities of daily living may be improved with robot-assisted gait training. • When randomized controlled trials were pooled across types of exercise, physical activity interventions were found to improve walking in multiple sclerosis and likely improve balance and depression in multiple sclerosis. Physical activity may improve function and aerobic fitness in people with cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury. When studies of populations with multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy were combined, evidence indicated dance may improve function. • Evidence on long-term health outcomes was not found for any analysis groups. For intermediate outcomes such as blood pressure, lipid profile, and blood glucose, there was insufficient evidence from which to draw conclusions. There was inadequate reporting of adverse events in many trials. Conclusions. Physical activity was associated with improvements in walking ability, general function, balance (including fall risk), depression, sleep, activities of daily living, female sexual function, and aerobic capacity, depending on population enrolled and type of exercise utilized. No studies reported long-term cardiovascular or metabolic disease health outcomes. Future trials could alter these findings; further research is needed to examine health outcomes, and to understand the magnitude and clinical importance of benefits seen in intermediate outcomes.
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