Relevant bibliographies by topics / AIDS (Disease) – Diagnosis – Asia

Academic literature on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) – Diagnosis – Asia'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "AIDS (Disease) – Diagnosis – Asia"

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Sanyaolu, Adekunle, Chuku Okorie, Anjali Kumar, Deja LaMoure, Mourad Rabadi, Jennings Hernandez, and George Omiloli. "Current trends of HIV/AIDS in Asia." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 7, no. 2 (November 28, 2018): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v7i2.38850.

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It is very important to recognize the trends in HIV/AIDS in specific areas such as Asia because it is vital to understanding the effectiveness of current approaches towards diagnosis and treatment. It is also very important to understand the risk factors that greatly predispose people in Asia to contracting HIV/AIDS such as lifestyle, culture, and religion. This review extensively analyzes the current trends of HIV/AIDS in India, China, Thailand, Cambodia and Indonesia. Additionally, cultural diversity carries certain social and religious stigmas associated with the disease. These social stigmas also pose as a significant influence on government involvement with regards to the funding of HIV/AIDS awareness, education, prevention, and the protection of human rights. Lack of education about the methods that help people from the disease and mode of transmission remains a significant hindrance in the prevention of a further rise in epidemiological statistics. Moreover, these factors are attributed to the rising incidence or risk of HIV within several populations amongst these countries. This review also analyzes the clinical presentation, epidemiological statistics, and the financial and socioeconomic impacts of HIV/AIDS in India, China, Thailand, Cambodia and Indonesia. Financial burdens and lack of government infrastructure in the healthcare systems are largely responsible for the rapidly rising prevalence of the disease among these populations, along with the inaccessibility to prevention and treatment methods. Furthermore, the scarcity of available antiretroviral and preventative medications is discussed. Lastly, this review explores various methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention plans that are implemented in modern medicine with respect to HIV/AIDS.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(2) 2017: 3-11
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Baker, Jacob, Findra Setianingrum, Retno Wahyuningsih, and David W. Denning. "Mapping histoplasmosis in South East Asia – implications for diagnosis in AIDS." Emerging Microbes & Infections 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2019.1644539.

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Bath, Rachel E., Lynsey Emmett, Neville Q. Verlander, and Mark Reacher. "Risk factors for late HIV diagnosis in the East of England: evidence from national surveillance data and policy implications." International Journal of STD & AIDS 30, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462418793327.

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In 2014, 42% of all HIV diagnoses in the East of England were diagnosed late. Individuals unaware of their HIV status will not benefit from lifesaving and infectious-limiting antiretroviral therapy, and they remain at risk of decreased life expectancy and onward transmission of HIV. We sought to identify risk factors associated with late HIV diagnosis in the East of England to inform future HIV testing and prevention strategies relevant to the local population. Data on all HIV infected individuals aged ≥16 years and diagnosed between 2008 and 2014 in the East of England were obtained from the national HIV and AIDS Reporting System. Late diagnosis was defined as CD4 cell count below 350 cells/mm3 within 91 days of diagnosis. Logistic regression investigated risk factors for late HIV diagnosis. A total of 2469 people were included; 1342 (54%) were late HIV diagnoses. In multivariable analysis risk factors for late diagnosis were: age ≥30 years, originating from WHO regions of South-East Asia or Europe (excluding UK), heterosexual orientation and being diagnosed as an inpatient or by a general practitioner. The odds of late diagnosis significantly reduced every year (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–0.99, p = 0.042). Despite this year-on-year reduction continued high rates suggest future HIV testing and prevention strategies should be informed by local regional epidemiology to allow those at greatest risk to be targeted appropriately.
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Cao, Liang, Da-Liang Chen, Cindy Lee, Che-Man Chan, King-Man Chan, Nongnuch Vanittanakom, Dominic N. C. Tsang, and Kwok-Yung Yuen. "Detection of Specific Antibodies to an Antigenic Mannoprotein for Diagnosis of Penicillium marneffeiPenicilliosis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 10 (1998): 3028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.10.3028-3031.1998.

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The disseminated and progressive fungal disease Penicillium marneffei penicilliosis is one of the most common infectious diseases in AIDS patients in Southeast Asia. To diagnose systemic penicilliosis, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based antibody test with Mp1p, a purified recombinant antigenic mannoprotein of P. marneffei. Evaluation of the test with guinea pig sera against P. marneffei and other pathogenic fungi indicated that this assay was specific for P. marneffei. Clinical evaluation revealed that high levels of specific antibody were detected in two immunocompetent penicilliosis patients. Furthermore, approximately 80% (14 of 17) of the documented penicilliosis patients with human immunodeficiency virus tested positive for the specific antibody. No false-positive results were found for serum samples from 90 healthy blood donors, 20 patients with typhoid fever, and 55 patients with tuberculosis, indicating a high specificity of the test. Thus, this ELISA-based test for the detection of anti-Mp1p antibody can be of significant value as a diagnostic for penicilliosis.
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Bhatia, Neha S., Jiin Ying Lim, Carine Bonnard, Jyn-Ling Kuan, Maggie Brett, Heming Wei, Breana Cham, et al. "Singapore Undiagnosed Disease Program: Genomic Analysis aids Diagnosis and Clinical Management." Archives of Disease in Childhood 106, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-319180.

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ObjectiveUse next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to improve our diagnostic yield in patients with suspected genetic disorders in the Asian setting.DesignA diagnostic study conducted between 2014 and 2019 (and ongoing) under the Singapore Undiagnosed Disease Program. Date of last analysis was 1 July 2019.SettingInpatient and outpatient genetics service at two large academic centres in Singapore.PatientsInclusion criteria: patients suspected of genetic disorders, based on abnormal antenatal ultrasound, multiple congenital anomalies and developmental delay. Exclusion criteria: patients with known genetic disorders, either after clinical assessment or investigations (such as karyotype or chromosomal microarray).InterventionsUse of NGS technology—whole exome sequencing (WES) or whole genome sequencing (WGS).Main outcome measures(1) Diagnostic yield by sequencing type, (2) diagnostic yield by phenotypical categories, (3) reduction in time to diagnosis and (4) change in clinical outcomes and management.ResultsWe demonstrate a 37.8% diagnostic yield for WES (n=172) and a 33.3% yield for WGS (n=24). The yield was higher when sequencing was conducted on trios (40.2%), as well as for certain phenotypes (neuromuscular, 54%, and skeletal dysplasia, 50%). In addition to aiding genetic counselling in 100% of the families, a positive result led to a change in treatment in 27% of patients.ConclusionGenomic sequencing is an effective method for diagnosing rare disease or previous ‘undiagnosed’ disease. The clinical utility of WES/WGS is seen in the shortened time to diagnosis and the discovery of novel variants. Additionally, reaching a diagnosis significantly impacts families and leads to alteration in management of these patients.
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Dethier, Divya, Natasha Rybak, Priya Hirway, Mariya Bachmaha, Jennifer Carroll, Andriy Sorokolit, Timothy Flanigan, and Maryana Sluzhynska. "The changing face of women living with HIV in western Ukraine." International Journal of STD & AIDS 29, no. 4 (August 3, 2017): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462417724708.

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Ukraine has the second largest HIV epidemic in Eastern Europe/Central Asia. This study characterizes the demographics of HIV-infected women in the Lviv region of western Ukraine, patterns in their clinical presentation, and factors associated with delays in seeking care. A retrospective chart review was conducted of 622 HIV-infected women who registered for HIV treatment at the Lviv AIDS Center between 2008 and 2013. A total of 81.6% of women were infected through heterosexual transmission and the remaining 18.4% through intravenous drug use. Slightly less than half (45.4%) was between 26 and 35 years old. Slightly more than half (56.7%) listed their residence in a city, 22.6% in villages. One-third (30.0%) of all women presented with AIDS, and 37.7% presented with symptomatic conditions. Women diagnosed with HIV during antenatal care experienced a median delay of 34 days between diagnosis and registration, compared to 87.5 days for nonpregnant women tested in the context of intravenous drug use. Overall, HIV-infected women in western Ukraine experience time delays in care, and often present with advanced HIV disease and secondary complications. Linkage to care in a timely manner is a high priority and substantial challenge for women, particularly for intravenous drug users who may face stigma and other additional barriers.
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Lanjewar, Dhaneshwar Namdeorao. "The Spectrum of Clinical and Pathological Manifestations of AIDS in a Consecutive Series of 236 Autopsied Cases in Mumbai, India." Pathology Research International 2011 (May 23, 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/547618.

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The HIV epidemic in the Asian subcontinent has a significant impact on India. The AIDS associated pathology has not been well evaluated in a representative study hence very little is known about the spectrum of HIV/AIDS associated diseases in Indian subcontinent. To determine the important postmortem findings in HIV infected individuals in Mumbai, autopsy study was carried out. The patient population included patients with AIDS who died at the tertiary care hospital over a 20 year period from 1988 to 2007. A total of 236 (182; 77% males and 54; 23%) females) patients with AIDS were autopsied. The main risk factor for HIV transmission was heterosexual contact (226 patients; 96%) and 223/236 (94%) patients died of HIV-related diseases. Tuberculosis was the prime cause of death in 149 (63%) patients, followed by bacterial pneumonia 33 (14%), cryptococcosis 18 (8%), toxoplasmosis of brain 15 (6%), pneumocystis jiroveci (PCJ) 1 (0.5%) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 7 (3%) cases. The major underlying pathologies are either preventable or treatable conditions. There is an urgent need for attention towards the diagnosis, issue of therapy, and care of HIV disease in developing countries. Reducing mortality in patients with AIDS from infections must be highest public health policy in India.
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Ekeng, Bassey E., Kevin Edem, Ikechukwu Amamilo, Zachary Panos, David W. Denning, and Rita O. Oladele. "Histoplasmosis in Children; HIV/AIDS Not a Major Driver." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7070530.

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The classification of histoplasmosis as an AIDS-defining illness has largely attributed its occurrence in people to the presence of HIV/AIDS especially in Africa. Prior to the advent of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, many cases of histoplasmosis were documented both in the pediatric and adult population. Our review revealed 1461 reported cases of pediatric histoplasmosis globally in the last eight decades (1939–2021). North America (n = 1231) had the highest number of cases, followed by South America (n = 135), Africa (n = 65), Asia (n = 26) and Europe (n = 4). Histoplasmosis was much more common in the non-HIV pediatric population (n = 1418, 97.1%) compared to the HIV population. The non-HIV factors implicated were, childhood malignancies (n = 207), such as leukemias and lymphomas as well as their treatment, lung diseases (n = 7), environmental exposures and toxins (n = 224), autoimmune diseases (n = 12), organ transplants (n = 12), long-term steroid therapy (n = 3), the use of immunosuppressive drugs such as TNF-alpha inhibitors (n = 7) malnutrition (n = 12), histiocytosis (n = 3), hyperimmunoglobulin M and E syndromes (n = 15, 1.2%), pancytopaenias (n = 26), diabetes mellitus (n = 1) and T-cell deficiency (n = 21). Paediatricians should always consider or rule out a diagnosis of histoplasmosis in children presenting with symptoms suggestive of the above clinical conditions.
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Mukhopadhyay, C., S. Krishna, Vandana KE, K. Saravu, and R. Balasubramaniam. "Tuberculosis or Melioidosis? - Look Twice in Southwestern Coastal India." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 9, no. 2 (April 23, 2013): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7973.

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Melioidosis is known endemic in many Southeast Asian countries, especially Thailand, and in Northern Australia. The disease was long considered under-recognized in India but has now gained the status of emerging infectious disease here. Increasing isolation of the causitive agent B. pseudomallei is encountered in the recent years from this part of western coastal India. We report one such case of pulmonary melioidosis in an elderly patient misdiagnosed as tuberculosis ending fatally. Prompt microbiological diagnosis prevents the unnecessary Anti-TB treatment or prophylaxis. This was also our first of isolation of B. pseudomallei from endotracheal aspirate. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2012; IX(2) 15-18 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7973
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Bongomin, Kwizera, and Denning. "Getting Histoplasmosis on the Map of International Recommendations for Patients with Advanced HIV Disease." Journal of Fungi 5, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5030080.

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Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis, caused by H. capsulatum, is a life-threatening illness and is an AIDS-defining opportunistic infection. It is neglected, worryingly under-diagnosed, and often misdiagnosed as cancer or tuberculosis with fatal consequences. Globally, over 100,000 cases of disseminated histoplasmosis have been estimated. In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) noted that disseminated histoplasmosis is a significant cause of mortality in AIDS patients. Through the rigorous efforts of the Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections (GAFFI) and partners, in 2019, the Histoplasma antigen test was included on the 2nd Edition of the WHO List of Essential Diagnostics. The drugs used in the treatment of histoplasmosis (amphotericin B and itraconazole) are on the WHO Essential Medicine List. The Manaus Declaration on histoplasmosis in the Americas and the Caribbean, where histoplasmosis kills more people with HIV than tuberculosis, advocates for universal access to rapid testing for histoplasmosis and availability of essential drugs for the treatment of histoplasmosis in every country by 2025. Hyperendemic areas are present in the Americas, Caribbean, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. In conclusion, histoplasmosis remains an important clinical and public health problem. To reduce HIV-associated mortality, disseminated histoplasmosis must be addressed through advocacy, increased awareness, and universal access to essential diagnostics and antifungal agents.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AIDS (Disease) – Diagnosis – Asia"

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Teather, B. A. "The design of statistical based aids for the diagnosis of cerebral disease." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370916.

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Walker, Blain S. "The diagnosis and treatment of major depression in AIDS patients : effect of counselor experience and attitude toward people with AIDS." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1137581.

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This study was an investigation into the clinical judgments made by counseling psychologists when faced with a patient who had major depression and AIDS. Two hundred and eighty one counseling psychologists evaluated one of four vignettes depicting an individual with major depression. In three of the vignettes the individual also had AIDS but the vignette varied on how the virus was contracted (unprotected gay sex, IV drug abuse, hemophilia). In the fourth vignette (the control group) the individual did not have AIDS. Results of the study suggested, that the presence of AIDS overshadows the evaluation and treatment decisions made by counseling psychologists when their patient has major depression and AIDS. Three factors-counseling psychologists' general experience with people who have AIDS, their clinical experience with AIDS patients and how the AIDS virus was contracted-were investigated for possible moderating effects of the overshadowing bias. How the AIDS virus was contracted was used as an indirect measure of clinician attitude toward people with AIDS. Neither general or clinical experience with AIDS patients appeared to have an effect on the diagnostic or treatment decisions made by counseling psychologists when evaluating depressed patients with AIDS. As with experience, method of contracting the AIDS virus did not have a moderating effect on the overshadowing bias. Implications of these results for the evaluation and treatment of depression in AIDS patients, as well as future research are discussed.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Wong, Mei-wan Farah, and 黃美雲. "Financial burden for HIV/AIDS patients to access antiretroviral therapy in Asian developing countries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193826.

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Background: Since the beginning of 21st century, several Asian countries started implementing their national free antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs to tackle one of the most striking public health issues in Asia – HIV/AIDS. Despite the efforts being made, the treatment coverage remains as low as 44% in 2010. Previous studies have identified financial constraint is a major barrier in accessing ART and an important reason of poor ART adherence in Asia. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the extent of financial burden experienced by people living with HIV (PLHIV) where free ART policy is implemented, and to provide valuable information for policy-making in reducing financial barriers and improve uptake of ART. Methods: Literature search was performed by entering keywords in PubMed and Medline. Articles were screened and selected for in-depth review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A process on data synthesis was performed on the final eligible papers. Results: Five studies from four Asian countries describing the out-of-pocket health expenditure incurred by PLHIV during the delivery of ART were included in this review. Findings: Out of all direct medical costs, the cost of drug was most important in contributing to the total costs for patients without health insurance, while the cost of transportation was more important for patients covered by health insurance. Direct medical costs increased with advancing stage of disease. Rural patients would have spent up to 1,173% of their monthly income per capita, or more than 100% of their total household expenditure even when ART was provided free-of-charge. Patients have also highlighted free ARV drugs were sometimes not available in the health facility and they had to turn to the private market. Hence, the extent of financial burden in this review might be underestimated. Conclusion: Based on the data available, we concluded that increased accessibility of free ART should be accompanied with sustained ARV drugs supply and increased financial support for PLHIV.
published_or_final_version
Community Medicine
Master
Master of Public Health
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Diaho, Mahlao Judith. "Experiences and coping strategies of women living with HIV/AIDS diagnosis : a case study of Maseru, Lesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49959.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Several studies have reported that thirty million people are living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Fifty percent of the infected adults are women aged between 15 and 49 years. In Lesotho, HIV/AIDS has also been declared a national emergency and an estimated 180,000 women out of 330,000 adults, and 27,000 children are living with HIV/AIDS. Statistics have shown that the majority of AIDS cases occur in adults aged 15 and 49 years in Lesotho. Presently women are the fastest growing infected population in Lesotho. Regardless of the growing numbers of women infected with HIV/AIDS, experiences of women living with HIV/AIDS have received little attention in Lesotho. Qualitative research in this area is necessary to gain access to women's perceptions of their HIV positive status. In this study, the experiences and coping strategies of Basotho women living with HIV/AIDS were investigated. The study used a feminist approach to research. Feminist research stresses the multiplicity of knowledge and it is useful to understand the subjective experiences of women. Indepth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with five women ranging between 29 and 46 years, purposefully drawn from Positive Action Society Lesotho (PASL). Grounded theory was used to analyse the data. Findings indicate that women's risk for exposure to HIV is related to their ability to protect themselves by negotiating a safe sexual relationship. Women who feel powerless in their relationships are less likely to protect themselves against HIVexposure. These perceptions of powerlessness are the result of a broad array of experiences that may include exposure to gender-based violence and restricted economic opportunities. The results show that it is common for women to be shocked, depressed, and discouraged when they find that they are living with HIV/AIDS as can be expected. It is also difficult for women to disclose their HIV positive status to family, friends and community members because of stigma attached to HIV/AIDS. Participants developed different ways of coping with their status such as religion, healthy life style, AIDS counselling and social networks. There was a profound sense of anxiety about the future care of children. The study concludes with a number of recommendations to promote an environment that will make it possible for women living with HIV/AIDS to cope with their illness.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Studies het bevind dat daar ongeveer dertig miljoen mense in sub-Sahara Afrika is wat met MIVNIGS leef. Vyftig persent van geinfekteerde volwassenes is vroue tussen die ouderdom van 15-49 jaar. In Lesotho is MIVNIGS as 'n nasionale ramp verklaar en daar word beraam dat 330,000 volwassenes, 180,000 vroue en 27,000 kinders MIVNIGS het. Statistiek het ook getoon dat die meerderheid VIGS gevalle in Lesotho voorkom by volwassenes in die ouderdomsgroep 15-49 jaar. Vroue is tans die vinnigste groeiende groep. Ten spyte van die groeiende getalle vroue wat met MIVNIGS geinfekteer is, het die ervaringe van vroue in Lesotho wat met MIVNIGS saamleef tot dusver relatief min aandag geniet. Kwalitatiewe navorsing in hierdie verband is nodig om toegang tot vroue se persepsies te verkry rakende hul eie MIV positiewe status. In hierdie studie is die ervaringe en hanteringsmeganismes van Basoetoe vroue wat MIVNIGS het, ondersoek. Die studie het 'n feministiese benadering gebruik, wat die multiplisiteit van kennis en die subjektiewe ervaringe van vroue beklemtoon. In-diepte aangesig-tot-aangesig onderhoude is met vroue tussen 29-46 jaar gevoer. Gegronde teorie is gebruik om die data te analiseer. Bevindinge dui aan dat vroue se risiko vir blootstelling aan MIV verband hou met hul vermoë om hulself te beskerm deur te onderhandel vir 'n veilige seksuele verhouding met 'n maat. Vroue wat magteloos in hul verhoudings voel, is waarskynlik minder suksesvol om hulself teen MIV blootstelling te beskerm. Hierdie persepsies van magteloosheid is die resultaat van 'n breë spektrum ervaringe wat sekondêre status, blootstelling aan geweld, en beperkte ekonomiese geleenthede insluit. Soos wat verwag word, toon die bevindinge dat dit algemeen vir vroue is om geskok, deppressief en ontmoedig te wees wanneer hulle uitvind dat hul MIVNIGS het. Dit is ook moeilik vir vroue om hul MIV status aan familie, vriende en gemeenskapslede bekend te maak weens die stigma wat aan MIVNIGS kleef. Respondente het verskeie wyses ontwikkelom hul status te hanteer, soos godsdiens, 'n gesonde leefstyl, VIGS raadgewing en sosiale netwerke. Daar was ook 'n intense bekommernis by vroue oor die toekomstige sorg vir hul kinders. Die studie sluit af met 'n aantal aanbevelings om 'n omgewing te promoveer wat dit vir vroue wat met MIVNIGS leef moontlik sal maak om hul siekte te hanteer.
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Ho, Yuk-yi Ella, and 何玉儀. "Risk factors associated with HIV testing among Hong Kong young adults: implications for blood safety." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30252726.

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Mufukari, Fungai. "Gender related factors that lead to depression after diagnosis with HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17901.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: People diagnosed as being HIV positive or having AIDS develop depression as they attempt to cope with their daily lives. Some studies have indicated the prevalence of depression and anxiety in people living with HIV/AIDS is higher than in the general population. An evaluation of gender related factors that lead to depression after a diagnosis with HIV/AIDS will highlight the incidences and frequency of what individuals experience in their daily lives. The research is a descriptive study in which the factors that cause depression after HIV/AIDS diagnosis were identified and related to gender. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyse the responses elicited from the participants in the sample. Twenty five PLHAs who had been diagnosed with depression were selected from patients attending both Nthabiseng and Luthando Clinics at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto, Johannesburg. A questionnaire was designed to gather demographic as well as information regarding family, social and economic history. A short interview was also conducted with selected patients to determine in their own words what causes their depression. The selected patient hospital charts were analysed to gain additional information to complete the equation. A semi structured interview was conducted with 13 selected health care professionals to gather information on how they see depression in the presence of HIV and whether they are adequately equipped to detect and manage this condition. The findings from this study supported the view depression is present or develops after a positive HIV diagnosis and a difference was detected in the causes of depression in women and that of men. Common causes of depression after HIV diagnosis were denial, fear of death and social insecurity. Women were more likely to attribute their depression to denial and worry about work and family responsibility. Men attributed their depression to failure to provide for their family and loss of social status. Recognising the causes of and gender differences in the causes of HIV-related depression may help in designing more effective counselling strategies and improve management and care of PLHAs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is 'n aantal mense wat nie aan depressie ly voordat hulle met HIV gediagnoseer word nie. Meeste studies dui aan dat die voorkoms van depressie en angstigheid by mense wat lewe met MIV en VIGS heelwat hoër is as die algemene MIV populasie. Baie mense, insluitende gesondheidsorgwerkers, neem aan dat depressie 'n onontsnapbare newe-effek is van MIV/VIGS diagnose. Dus mag dit gebeur dat depressie ongesiens verby gaan, onbehandeld, met die gevolg van oneffektiewe behandeling, riskante optrede, swak bestuur van MIV/VIGS en 'n lae lewenskwaliteit vir hierdie pasiënte. Hierdie navorsingsartikel kyk na die geslags-verwante faktore wat lei tot depressie na die diagnosering van MIV/VIGS. Die navorsing is 'n beskrywende studie waarin faktore wat depressie in MIV/VIGS gediagnoseerde pasiënte veroorsaak identifiseer en gedifferensieer word afhangende van geslag. Kwantitatiewe asook kwalitatiewe metodes is gebruik. Dertig PLHAs wat met depressie gediagnoseer is, word behandel in Nthabiseng asook Luthando Kliniek by die Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospitaal in Soweto, Johannesburg. Nthabiseng is die MIV Kliniek en Luthando is die psigiatriese kliniek vir MIV/VIGS pasiënte. 'n Vraelys is saamgestel om demografiese asook familie, sosiologiese en ekonomiese inligting te verkry. 'n Kort onderhoud is ook met sommige pasiënte gehou om in hul eie woorde te hoor wat hul glo hul depressie veroorsaak. Die geselekteerde pasiënte se hospitaal kaarte is geanaliseer, met die doel om die dokter se insette of redes te kry oor die pasiënte se depressie. 'n Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoud was gedoen met gesondheidsorgwerkers in Luthando- en Nthabiseng klinieke om inligting te verkry oor hoe hierdie professionele gesondheidsorgwerkers depressie sien by MIV/VIGS pasiënte en of hul bevoegd is om dit te identifiseer en te behandel. Die studie het bevind dat daar 'n verskil is by oorsake van depressie by vroue en oorsake van depressie by mans. Mees algemene oorsake van depressie by MIV/VIGS pasiënte is ontkenning, vrees van dood en sosiale onstabiliteit. By die vroue het ontkenning en bekommernis oor werk- en familie verantwoordelikhede meestal bygedra tot hierdie depressie, en by die mans was dit meer asof daar 'n algemene terleurstelling geheers het in hul gemoed. 'n Terleurstelling deurdat hul nie vir hul families sal kan sorg nie asook die vernedering in die sosiale netwerk. Om die verskille in MIV-geassosieerde depressie gebasseer op geslag te kan herken mag bydra tot die ontwerp van meer effektiewe beradingstrategië.
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Hon, Kit-sum Annie, and 韓潔心. "Can home-based HIV testing improve test uptake in Africa?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45172353.

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Adeniyi, Vincent Oladele. "Maternal knowledge and attitude to early infant HIV diagnosis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79938.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The global targets of zero deaths from AIDS-related illness by the year 2015 can only be met if all HIV infected infants can be diagnosed and initiated on anti-retroviral therapy as early as four to six weeks. WHO/UNICEF reported in 2010 that only 8% of eligible infants were tested worldwide. There seems to be more attention directed towards service delivery and less attention on empowering mothers to make voluntary decision to access the services. The influence of maternal knowledge of infant HIV infection and the impact on the attitude towards knowing the status of their children so early in life remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and attitude of the HIV positive mothers to early infant diagnosis in order to make strategic recommendations to the health authorities on how to scale up the services in the various health facilities. A qualitative study was conducted in two health centres in King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. This qualitative study drew in-depth interview with twenty-four HIV positive mothers/ exposed infants’ pair attending the immunization clinics. The results obtained were presented to two focus groups for discussion and validation of findings. Thematic analysis explored the emerging themes relevant to the objective of the study and health authorities. The study found that there is a high level of awareness about infant HIV infection. Majority of the participants were aware of MTCT of HIV and the timing of transmission (pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding). Majority of the participants were aware about the protection offered by maternal exposure to ARVs however, only few participants knew about the risk of transmission despite ARV use. Majority of the participants did not know the right time to bring their infant for HIV test. Majority of the participants never thought about HIV test for their infant as early as six weeks. Majority of the mothers have fears about bringing their infants for HIV test so early. They have concerns about recommending early infant diagnosis to other children in their community due to the perceived disclosure of their own status. The study found that despite good knowledge of mothers about infant HIV infection and prevention methods, the knowledge about early infant diagnosis is lacking. The attitude of the mothers to knowing the status of their infant so early in life is challenging for them. The health authorities have more work to do to empower these mothers with knowledge about early infant diagnosis and early ART initiation to increase the chances of survival of HIV infected infants.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die internasionale mikpunt van geen sterftes weens vigsverwante siektes teen die jaar 2015 kan slegs bereik word as alle MIV-besmette babas reeds op vier tot ses weke gediagnoseer word en antiretrovirale terapie (ART) ontvang. Die WGO/UNICEF het in 2010 berig dat slegs 8% van babas wat getoets moet word, in werklikheid wêreldwyd getoets is. Dit blyk dat meer aandag aan dienslewering en minder aan die bemagtiging van moeders om die vrywillige besluit om van die dienste gebruik te maak, geskenk word. Die invloed van moeders se kennis op MIV-besmetting van babas en die impak op die houding teenoor kennis van die status van hul kinders op so ’n vroeë ouderdom is steeds onbekend. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die kennis en houding van MIV-positiewe moeders rakende vroeë diagnose van babas te ondersoek ten einde strategiese aanbevelings aan die gesondheidsowerhede te maak oor verbetering van die dienste in die onderskeie gesondheidsfasiliteite. ’n Kwalitatiewe studie is in twee gesondheidsentrums in King Sabata Dalindyebo-munisipaliteit in die provinsie Oos-Kaap, Suid-Afrika, onderneem. Dit het diepte-onderhoude met 24 MIV-positiewe moeders/blootgestelde babas wat die immuniseringsklinieke besoek het, behels. Die resultate is aan twee fokusgroepe vir bespreking en bekragtiging van die bevindings voorgelê. Tydens ’n tematiese ontleding is die temas wat aan die lig gekom het wat betrekking het op die doelstellings van die studie en gesondheidsowerhede ondersoek. Daar is gevind dat daar ’n hoë vlak bewustheid van MIV-besmetting van babas is. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers was bewus van moeder-na-kind-oordrag van MIV en die tydsberekening van oordrag (swangerskap, geboorte en borsvoeding). Die meerderheid van die deelnemers was ook bewus van die beskerming wat gebied word deur die moeder se blootstelling aan ART, maar net ’n paar deelnemers het egter geweet van die risiko van oordrag ongeag die gebruik van ART. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers het nie geweet wat die korrekte tyd is om hul baba vir ’n MIV-toets te bring nie. Die meerderheid het nog nooit ’n MIV-toets vir hul baba voor die ouderdom van ses weke oorweeg nie. Die meerderheid van die moeders was bang om hul babas so vroeg reeds vir MIV te laat toets. Hulle is begaan oor die aanbeveling van vroeë diagnose vir ander mense in hul gemeenskap weens die waargenome bekendmaking van hul eie status. Die studie het bevind dat ongeag moeders se grondige kennis van MIV-besmetting van babas en voorsorgmaatreëls, daar ’n gebrek aan kennis oor vroeë diagnose van babas is. Die houding van die moeders teenoor kennis van die status van hul baba op so ’n vroeë ouderdom hou vir hulle ’n uitdaging in. Die gesondheidsowerhede moet hulle daarop toespits om hierdie moeders sonder kennis oor vroeë diagnose van babas en vroeë nakoming van ART te bemagtig ten einde MIV-besmette babas se kanse op oorlewing te verhoog.
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Christensen, Dustin Dean. "Changing factors contributing to increasing incidence of new HIV/AIDS diagnosis among homosexual men in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206913.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has continued to increase in Hong Kong and China. Since about 2006 the incidence of new HIV infections has significantly increased among homosexual men or men who have sex with men (MSM) while new infections among heterosexuals has remained steady. There are several risk factors that may be contributing to the increasing infection rates among MSM including: source for sexual partners, condom use, location of sexual partners, and how new technology may be effecting the spread of HIV. There are gaps in the literature available on MSM and HIV in Hong Kong; particularly in the methods used to identify individuals for study, and the lack of randomized controlled trials to study public health interventions to stop the spread of HIV in Hong Kong.
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Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Silva, Andreia Aparecida da. "Estudo da micobacteriose pulmonar em pacientes autopsiados com e sem AIDS : avaliação histopatologica, imunohistoquimica e caracterização das especies de micobacterias por PCR." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288430.

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Orientadores: Pablo Agustin Vargas, Oslei Paes de Almeida
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T06:22:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AndreiaAparecidada_M.pdf: 1723407 bytes, checksum: 51af57adb05fc46240168f8b36dad6f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Introdução: A Micobacteriose (MB) é uma das principais causas de mortes no mundo e sua incidência aumentou significativamente com o surgimento da AIDS. Objetivos: Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram comparar o padrão da resposta inflamatória nas MBs pulmonares (MBP) entre dois grupos (Grupo I: MBP; Grupo II: MBP/AIDS), e caracterizar as espécies de micobactérias através da técnica de PCR. Material e Métodos: Foram selecionados 16 casos de MBP para o grupo I e 59 casos para o grupo II, provenientes de pacientes autopsiados no Departamento de Patologia da FMUSP entre 1975 a 2004. Realizamos colorações de H&E e Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) para o estudo histopatológico, e para o estudo imunohistoquímico utilizamos anticorpos Anti-BCG, CD4, CD8, CD15, CD20 e CD68. Selecionamos 20 casos de MBP distribuídos igualmente entre os dois grupos para a identificação das espécies M. tuberculosis e M. avium. Resultados: A média de idade do grupo I foi de 28,52 anos + 18, 21 anos e do grupo II foi de 36,2 anos + 10,36 anos. Histopatologicamente observamos o padrão de granulomas bem formados em 15 casos do grupo I, enquanto que no grupo II houve um predomínio de granulomas mal formados. A coloração de ZN foi positiva em 82,35% e 84,75% dos casos para o grupo I e grupo II, respectivamente. A imunohistoquímica para BCG foi positiva em todos os casos de ambos os grupos. O grupo I apresentou uma maior prevalência de linfócitos TCD4 (37,65%), seguido pelos linfócitos TCD8 (26,85%), macrófagos (23,71%), linfócitos B (7,31%) e neutrófilos (4,4%). Já no grupo II observamos um predomínio de macrófagos (50,28%), seguido por linfócitos TCD8 (23,75%), TCD4 (20,05%), linfócitos B (4,47%) e neutrófilos (1,45%). A espécie de M. tuberculosis foi identificada em 8 casos de ambos os grupos. A espécie M. avium foi identificada apenas em 01 caso do grupo II. Conclusão: Com o advento da AIDS houve uma mudança no perfil imunológico da MBP devido à depleção dos linfócitos TCD4. O anticorpo anti-BCG pode ser útil para identificar casos de MB que foram negativos para ZN. A Micobacteriose pulmonar foi causada principalmente por M. tuberculosis em ambos os grupos
Abstract: Introduction: Micobacteriosis (MB) is one of the main causes of deaths around the world and its incidence has been increased significantly with the emergence of the AIDS. Objectives: Our aims were to compare the pattern of the inflammatory response in the pulmonary MBs (PMB) between two groups (Group I: PMB; Group II: PMB/AIDS), and to identify the mycobacterium species using PCR technique.Material and Methods: 16 cases of PMB for group I and 59 cases for group II had been selected from autopsied patients in the Department of Pathology of the FMUSP between 1975 to 2004. We performed H&E and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) for the histopathology study, and for the immunohistochemical study we use Anti-BCG antibodies, CD4, CD8, CD15, CD20 and CD68. We select 20 cases of PMB distributed equally in the both groups for the identification of the M. tuberculosis and M. avium. Results: The mean age was 28,52 years + 18, 21 and 36,2 years + 10,36 for the group I and group II, respectively. The histopathology analysis showed well-organized granulomas in 15 cases of the group I, while the group II exhibited a predominance of the poorly organized granulomas. The ZN was positive in 82,35% of the cases in the group I and 84.75% in the group II. The immunohistochemistry for BCG was positive in all cases of the both groups. Group I presented a strong prevalence of TCD4 lymphocytes (37,65%), followed by TCD8 lymphocytes (26,85%), macrophages (23,71%), B lymphocytes (7,31%) and neutrophils (4,4%). The group II displayed a predominance of macrophages (50,28%), followed by TCD8 lymphocytes (23,75%), TCD4 lymphocytes (20,05%), B lymphocytes (4,47%) and neutrophils (1,45%). The species of M. tuberculosis was identified in 8 cases of both the groups. The species of M. avium was only found in one case of the group II. Conclusion: With the advent of the AIDS it had a change in the immunologic profile of the MBP because of the depletion of lymphocytes TCD4. The antibody anti-BCG can be useful to identify cases of PMB that had been negatives for ZN. The PMB was mainly caused by M. tuberculosis in both groups
Mestrado
Patologia
Mestre em Estomatopatologia
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Books on the topic "AIDS (Disease) – Diagnosis – Asia"

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AIDS in Asia: A continent in peril. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

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Dolin, Raphael. AIDS therapy. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2007.

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AIDS facts for life: Antibody testing. Springfield, IL: Illinois Dept.of Public Health, 1987.

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T, DeVita Vincent, Hellman Samuel, and Rosenberg Steven A, eds. AIDS: Etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1988.

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Lunds universitet. Centrum för öst- och sydöstasienstudier., ed. Issue without boundaries: HIV/AIDS in Southeast Asia. [Lund], Sweden: Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies, Lund University, 2006.

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Practical AIDS pathology. Chicago: ASCP Press, 1992.

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A, Gluck T., and Johnson, Margaret A., M.D., eds. An atlas of differential diagnosis in HIV disease. New York: Parthenon Pub. Group, 1995.

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Lipman, M. C. I. An atlas of differential diagnosis in HIV disease. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: Parthenon Pub. Group, 2003.

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Lipman, M. C. I. An atlas of differential diagnosis in HIV disease. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Fla: Parthenon Pub. Group, 2004.

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Phair, John P. Contemporary diagnosis and management of HIV/AIDS infections. Newtown, PA: Handbooks In Health Care, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "AIDS (Disease) – Diagnosis – Asia"

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Shao, Yiming, and Fan Lv. "Current HIV/AIDS Diagnosis, Reporting, and Surveillance in China." In AIDS in Asia, 351–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48536-7_25.

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Kopelman, David, and Emily Landon. "Man with AIDS Presents with a Headache." In The Infectious Disease Diagnosis, 99–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64906-1_18.

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Garot, J. "Cardiac MRI in Diagnosis of Myocardial Disease in HIV-Infected Patients." In Cardiovascular Disease in AIDS, 85–98. Milano: Springer Milan, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0761-1_7.

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Chaparro-Rojas, Fredy. "Eye Pain and Visual Disturbance in an HIV/AIDS Patient." In The Infectious Disease Diagnosis, 81–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64906-1_15.

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Essex, M., and Yichen Lu. "HIV/AIDS: Lessons from a New Disease Pandemic." In Emerging Infections in Asia, 133–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75722-3_8.

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Miller, David. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Psychological Problems Related to HIV Infection and Disease." In Behavioral Aspects of AIDS, 187–206. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9386-4_11.

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Gottlieb, Michael S., Roger Detels, and John L. Fahey. "T cell phenotyping in the diagnosis and management of AIDS and AIDS related disease." In Blood, Blood Products — and AIDS —, 89–100. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3394-2_5.

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Myint, Steven H. "The application of molecular biology to the diagnosis of infectious disease." In Molecular and Cell Biology of Opportunistic Infections in AIDS, 23–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1530-8_2.

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Gatta, Gemma. "Epidemiological Aspects in Nasopharyngeal Cancer." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 319–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_21.

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AbstractNasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is an uncommon cancer. According to the Global Cancer Observatory, of the 129,000 new diagnoses in 2018, 85% has been made in the Asiatic population. In males the annual age adjusted rate of incidence (per 100,000) dramatically varied between 8 in South-Eastern Asia and <1 in Europe. In Europe (period of diagnosis 1999–2007), the annual incidence rate varied between 0.7 (South of Europe) and 0.2 (North of Europe). Incidence is three time higher in men than women. Elderly are more affected than young people. Five-year survival, from European population based cancer registries was 49% (period 1999–2007), survival was better in younger than in older patients (73% vs. 31%), prognosis was more favorable in women than men (54% vs. 47%). Geographical variation of survival was reported, with poor 5-year in the Eastern European countries (36%).Incidence and population based survival are crucial for public health and planning clinical study. Lifestyle and environmental factors are responsible of the decreasing trend of incidence in quite all the world countries.Being one of the rare diseases, NPC need to be centralized for diagnosis and treatment. In Europe, the European Joint Action of Rare Cancers and the European Reference Network for rare disease will play an important role to make progress and reduce geographical disparities.
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Tetradis, Sotirios, Fermin A. Carranza, Robert C. Fazio, and Henry H. Takei. "Radiographic Aids in the Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease." In Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 359–69. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-0416-7.00031-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "AIDS (Disease) – Diagnosis – Asia"

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Pauline Chan Ng, Poh Lin, Lee Kean Lim, Elizabeth Ang, and Pei Ling Ooi. "AB1032 FACTORS TO AID IN EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF KIKUCHI’S DISEASE IN ASIAN CHILDREN." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.7641.

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Zhou, Jialong. "Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis Based on Stacking Technology." In 2021 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Image Processing, Electronics and Computers (IPEC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipec51340.2021.9421128.

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Murukeshan, Vadakke M., and Hoong-Ta Lim. "Hybrid-modality high-resolution Imaging: for diagnostic biomedical imaging and sensing for disease diagnosis." In SPIE/COS Photonics Asia, edited by Qingming Luo, Xingde Li, Ying Gu, and Yuguo Tang. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2074654.

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Thias, Ahmad Habbie, Isca Amanda, Jessika, Navila Akhsanil Fitri, Raih Rona Althof, Suksmandhira Harimurti, Widyawardana Adiprawita, and Isa Anshori. "Preliminary Study on Machine Learning Application for Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis." In 2019 Asia Pacific Conference on Research in Industrial and Systems Engineering (APCoRISE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apcorise46197.2019.9318828.

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Shakhgildyan, V. I., M. S. Yadrikhinskaya, А. А. Orlovsky, О. Y. Shipulina, E. A. Domonova, and Е. В. Yarovaya. "CYTOMEGALOVIRUS DNA CONCENTRATION IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES AS A KEY TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF CMV PNEUMONIA IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS." In Молекулярная диагностика и биобезопасность – 2020. ФБУН Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-9900432-9-9-86.

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According to examination and follow-up results of 5485 HIV-positive hospitalized patients (3333 of which were diagnosed with AIDS) we have identified the frequency of clinically evident CMV-infection as well as the frequency and character of CMV related lung disease. Statistically significant correlation between viral load, degree of immunosuppression, CMV replication rate and CMV pneumonia development risk has been determined. Qualitative PCR assay for CMV DNA in plasma and respiratory samples was found to have high sensitivity and low specificity for diagnosing CMV-pneumonia. We identified quantitative PCR CMV DNA values in blood cells, plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchi samples and sputum that confirm the diagnosis of CMV pneumonia with 95% and 99% probability, and exclude CMV related lung damage in HIV patients with 90% and 99% probability.
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Zhang, J., T. Yu, and S. Kern-Allely. "The Burden of HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis Co-Infection in East Asia and the Pacific from 1990-2016: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a5145.

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Septiani, Stevia, Dikky Indrawan, and Wita Ermawati. "Analysis of e-readiness on fish disease diagnosis applications and e-commerce applications to improve the competitiveness of the aquaculture sector in Indonesia." In Proceedings of the Conference of the International Society for Economics and Social Sciences of Animal Health - South East Asia 2019 (ISESSAH-SEA 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isessah-19.2019.32.

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Hanks, Bradley W., Mary Frecker, and Matthew Moyer. "Design of a Compliant Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation Probe." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59923.

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Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly forms of cancer in the United States. Due to its late diagnosis, only 20% of patients diagnosed with the disease are eligible for surgical resection which is considered the preferred method of treatment. Radiofrequency ablation is a common cancer treatment modality for patients ineligible for open surgery. There is a lack of ablation probes which may be used to generate spherical heating zones which closely match the geometry of typical tumors. In particular, there are no endoscopic ablation probes commercially available in the United States. In this paper the design of a compliant endoscopic radiofrequency ablation probe is presented. This probe features an array of compliant tines which deploy through the cancerous tissue to effectively broaden the ablation zone. A thermal ablation model is used to inform the design of the geometry of the probe. In addition, finite element analysis is used to determine the feasibility of the compliant structures. These design tools are used as aids to inform the design and direct modifications toward a feasible probe which generates a spherical ablation zone.
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Debnath, Prattyasha Rani, Fathima Amanullah, and Gheyath Nasrallah. "Prevalence of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) among Healthy Individuals with Different Nationalities in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0201.

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Background: Detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by different immunoassays (usually indirect fluorescence assay IFA) is the most common and sensitive screening test used for the diagnosis of many types of autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Moreover, a high titer of ANA can be frequently found in healthy individuals, making it not a very specific marker of autoimmunity. However, the information about the prevalence of these false positive ANA in a healthy individual is not well investigated around the world particularly in Asia and MENA region including Qatar. Objectives: The aim of this study was to (i) estimate the prevalence of ANA among male healthy individuals of local and expatriate communities residing in Qatar and (ii) to evaluate the performance of a new commercial ELISA kit using two quality control parameters; analytical sensitivity (endpoint titration) and positive predictive value (PPV). Methodology: Sera collected from a total of 2965 volunteer donors of age 18 years or older, attending Hamad Medical Corporation between 2013 and 2016, were used to test for the presence of ANA IgG using Bioprobes Srl microplate ELISA kits. All positive ELISA kit results were retested using the IFA IgG for the detection of ANA nuclear staining patterns. Results: ANA prevalence among the healthy population was 0.34%, as only 10 samples out of 2965 were positive by the ANA ELISA. An additional 12 borderline samples were also detected raising the prevalence to 0.74% (22/2965). The Irani nationals had the highest prevalence of ANA with 1.83%. About 70% of the samples had a nuclear-speckled staining pattern. ELISA kit showed excellent performance efficiency, i.e., similar titration score to IFA for positive samples and high PPV (100%). Conclusion: This is the first ANA comprehensive study in the MENA region with such a large sample size. According to literature and our own literature review, the average prevalence of ANA in healthy individuals in a different part of the world is usually about 3-15%; however, in Qatar, it is only 0.34%. We recommend using the new Dia. Pro ELISA kit for ANA screening as this kit showed high efficiency for detecting ANA in comparison to the gold standard IFA assay.
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