Relevant bibliographies by topics / AIDS (Disease) and art

Academic literature on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) and art'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "AIDS (Disease) and art"

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Hull-Nye, Dylan, Bhawna Malik, Ravikiran Keshavamurthy, and Elissa J. Schwartz. "Transient dynamics of the renal disease epidemic among HIV-infected individuals." Mathematics in Applied Sciences and Engineering 9999, no. 9999 (December 24, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/mase/10852.

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The prevalence of end stage renal disease (ESRD) is rising among HIV-infected populations in several regions worldwide. We used an ordinary differential equation model of the dynamics of the AIDS and HIV+ ESRD populations to investigate the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the transient dynamics of the epidemic. We considered ART that blocks the entry to each population, by preventing individuals from joining the AIDS population and by reducing the development from AIDS to HIV+ ESRD, as well as the combined effects together. Numerical simulation of our model revealed that when levels of ART are below 100%, the prevalence of HIV+ ESRD drops, but then increases again due to the recovery in the AIDS population. The effect can be seen with ART acting to block entry into either population. We then examined the dip in HIV+ ESRD seen with ART analytically by calculating the minimum HIV+ ESRD level and the time to achieve this minimum. We also evaluated the length of time to reach the minimum and its dependence on ART parameters, both singly and in combination. We conclude that our model predicts that the drop in HIV+ ESRD prevalence seen after increased ART will be followed by an increase, unless ART is sufficiently high enough to eradicate HIV/AIDS.
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Hou, Keke, Hang Fu, Wei Xiong, Yueqin Gao, Liqiu Xie, Jianglin He, Xianbiao Feng, et al. "Clinical Application of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in ART-Treated AIDS Males with Short Disease Duration." Diagnostics 12, no. 10 (October 6, 2022): 2417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102417.

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Cardiac complications are common in antiretroviral therapy-treated (ART-treated) acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, and the incidence increases with age. Myocardial injury in ART-treated AIDS patients with a relatively longer disease duration has been evaluated. However, there is no relevant study on whether patients with a short AIDS duration have cardiac dysfunction. Thirty-seven ART-treated males with AIDS and eighteen healthy controls (HCs) were prospectively included for CMR scanning. Clinical data and laboratory examination results were collected. The ART-treated males with AIDS did not have significantly reduced biventricular ejection fraction, myocardial edema, or late gadolinium enhancement. Compared with the HCs, the biventricular volume parameters and left ventricle myocardial strain indices in ART-treated males with AIDS were not significantly reduced (all p > 0.05). ART-treated males with AIDS were divided into subgroups according to their CD4+ T-cell counts (<350 cells/μL and ≥350 cells/μL) and duration of disease (1–12 months, 13–24 months, and 25–36 months). There was no significant decrease in left or right ventricular volume parameters or myocardial strain indices among the subgroups (all p > 0.05). In Pearson correlation analysis, CD4+ T-cell counts were not significantly correlated with biventricular volume parameters or left ventricular myocardial strain indices. In conclusion, ART-treated males with AIDS receiving ART therapy with a short disease duration (less than 3 years) might not develop obvious cardiac dysfunction as evaluated by routine CMR, so it is reasonable to appropriately extend the interval between cardiovascular follow-ups to more than 3 years.
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Burki, Talha. "AIDS activism through art." Lancet HIV 9, no. 11 (November 2022): e749-e750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(22)00307-1.

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Kuhlman, Janet E. "Imaging pulmonary disease in AIDS: state of the Art." European Radiology 9, no. 3 (March 1999): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050682.

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Memish, Ziad A., Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Sanaa M. Filemban, Syed Qutb, Abdullah Fodail, Batol Ali, and May Darweeish. "Antiretroviral therapy, CD4, viral load, and disease stage in HIV patients in Saudi Arabia: a 2001–2013 cross-sectional study." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, no. 07 (July 30, 2015): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.6588.

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Introduction: The incidence of HIV/AIDS is increasing worldwide and in the Middle East. In this study, we analyzed the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the patterns of CD4 and viral load (VL), and stage of presentation. Methodology: Laboratory variables, ART use, and CD4 count were obtained and analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 997 cases from eight HIV/AIDS care providers were included. Of the total cases, 274 (28.3%) had a CD4 count of < 200 cells/mm3, and 413 (42.3%) had a viral load of > 5 log10. Of the total cases, 50% were on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and the majority of cases were asymptomatic (70%). Of those patients on ART, 247 (39.5%) took tenofovir/emtricitabine combined with either efavirenz (147; 14.7%) or lopinavir/ritonavir (100; 10%), and 158 (15.8%) were on lamivudine and zidovudine with either efavirenz (32; 3.2%) or lopinavir/ritonavir (126; 12.6%). Other combinations were used in 70 (7%) patients. The mean (± standard deviation) of baseline CD4 and viral load were 401 cells/mm3 (322 cells/mm3) and 4.6 log1010 (1.3 log10), respectively. At diagnosis, 72% of patients were asymptomatic; 50% had AIDS and 20% had CD4 count < 350. Conclusions: ART use was in line with international guidelines, but the number of patients receiving ART was lower than expected. Large proportions of cases presented late with AIDS at diagnosis or had CD4 < 350. Further data is needed to evaluate the medical care of patients with HIV/AIDS in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Ara, Takahide, Tomoyuki Endo, Hideki Goto, Kohei Kasahara, Yuta Hasegawa, Shota Yokoyama, Souichi Shiratori, et al. "Antiretroviral therapy achieved metabolic complete remission of hepatic AIDS related Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor." Antiviral Therapy 27, no. 5 (September 13, 2022): 135965352211268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13596535221126828.

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Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor (EBV-SMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor which occurs in immunocompromised patients. The immune status is an important factor in the treatment of EBV-SMTs, but the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not elucidated in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related EBV-SMTs. Here, we report the first successful case of a 29-year-old man with hepatic AIDS related EBV-SMT treated with ART solely. Positron emission tomography scan was useful for the evaluation of disease status. Recent advances in ART that enables to restore patient’s immune status rapidly may change the treatment strategy in AIDS related EBV-SMT.
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Olowookere, Samuel Anu, Akinola Ayoola Fatiregun, and Isaac F. Adewole. "Knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral therapy among patients at a Nigerian treatment clinic." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 6, no. 11 (November 26, 2012): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2086.

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Introduction: We assessed the knowledge of and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was employed. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered to consecutive, consenting PLWHA who had been receiving treatment for a minimum of three months. The level of ART adherence was calculated manually for each respondent. Results: In total 318 PLWHA completed the questionnaire. The mean and median time on ART was 17.8 months and 19 months respectively. The mean age of the respondents was 39.1±9.6 years. The majority of these respondents (76.9%) had completed secondary education. Over 80% of the respondents reported knowing that HIV can be transmitted through blood transfusions and unprotected sexual intercourse. Seventy-six per cent of the respondents reported knowing that ART suppresses HIV activity. However, 33% of the respondents denied being HIV positive, while 22.6% reported that they felt that taking ART was shameful. Over 32% of the respondents reported that good adherence to ART would raise suspicions about their HIV status, and 66.7% had not yet disclosed their HIV status to anyone. Most (77.7%) respondents had good knowledge of HIV/AIDS while 75.2% had good knowledge of ART. Also 78.9% had positive attitude to HIV/AIDS while 73.9%) had positive attitude to ART. Respondents with good knowledge about HIV/AIDS and a positive attitude about the disease tended to be more adherent to ART (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The majority of respondents had good knowledge of and a positive attitude toward HIV/AIDS and ART adherence.
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Davis, Ms Bob. "Glamour, Drag, and Death." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-8749638.

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Abstract In the art of three San Francisco drag queen painters we find their highly personal responses to HIV/AIDS and their own mortality. Doris Fish's commitment to glamour wouldn't allow the disease to intrude on her paintings, though she was able to write about her illness's progress in her weekly newspaper column. Jerome Caja made art from the disease's horror by incorporating the ashes of deceased artist Charles Sexton, who died of AIDS, into her works, her way of mastering the carnage. Miss Kitty confronted the disease in an even more personal way, creating art from her own illness by incorporating her prescription for Prozac into one painting and using her emaciated, AIDS-ravaged body as the subject of a photographic portrait by Daniel Nicoletta in which her physical body fades, white on white, into an angel with wings.
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Ofosu, Nicole Naadu, L. Duncan Saunders, Gian Jhangri, and Afif Alibhai. "The impact of the availability of antiretroviral therapy on personal and community fear of HIV/AIDS, and HIV prevention practices in Rwimi, Uganda: A mixed-method study." Alberta Academic Review 1, no. 1 (May 28, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/aar11.

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The impact of the widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) related attitudes, behaviours and practices of the general population in Sub-Saharan Africa is understudied. We assessed the impact of ART availability on the fear of HIV/ AIDS (measured at both community and personal levels) and HIV prevention practices in Rwimi, Uganda using a cross-sectional survey. The fear of HIV/AIDS was described as a perceived threat to either self and/or community regarding the risk of contracting the disease, whereby the higher the perception of the threat, the greater the fear. We assessed associations between the outcomes of the dependent variables on both the community and personal fear of HIV/AIDS, and the independent variables of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and demographics. Qualitative data was also generated from focus group discussions (FGD) on the context of the fear of HIV/AIDS and HIV pre- vention practices. The majority of participants (89.4%; males - 86.8%; females - 90.8%) felt that ART availability has reduced the fear of HIV/AIDS in the community. In contrast, fewer participants (22.4%; males - 24.4%; females – 21.2%) mentioned that their personal fear of HIV/AIDS has been reduced with the availability of ART. From the qualitative study, factors identified as influencing the fear of HIV/AIDS included stigma, fear of infection, and the inconvenience of being on ART. Although fear of HIV/AIDS persists, the fear is reduced because of the availability of life-prolonging ART. HIV prevention practices are influenced by socio-cultural norms (gender roles, relationship dynamics, power and trust), which, we argue, should be considered when de-signing sustainable HIV/AIDS prevention programs.
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Shield, Kevin David, Paul A. Shuper, Gerrit Gmel, and Jürgen Rehm. "Global burden of HIV/AIDS in 2004 resulting from alcohol attributable non-adherence to medication regimes." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 2, no. 1 (March 4, 2013): 19–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.52.

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Shield, K. D., Shuper, P. A., Gmel, G. & Rehm, J. (2013). Global burden of HIV/AIDS in 2004 resulting from non-adherence to medication regimes and alcohol-attributable non-adherence to medication regimes. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(1), 19-44. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.52 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.52)Aims: Using novel methodology, this article aims to quantify the number of HIV/AIDS-related deaths and the potential years of life lost (PYLL) in 2004 resulting from non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) and non-adherence to ART due to alcohol consumption.Design: HIV/AIDS-related deaths and PYLL attributable to non-adherence to ART and attributable specifically to non-adherence due to alcohol consumption were calculated using attributable fractions. These fractions were based on new risk modeling methodology, which combines estimates of the mortality of those people currently adhering to ART, the mortality attributable to non-adherence to ART, and the proportion of those people not adhering to ART because of alcohol consumption.Measurements: Data on alcohol indicators were obtained from the Comparative Risk Assessment study, data on deaths and PYLL were obtained from the World Health Organization, and ART indicators were obtained from UNAIDS.Findings: In 2004, for people 15 years of age and older, 67,000 (95% CI: 62,000–72,000) deaths and 1,608,000 (95% CI: 1,491,000–1,725,000) PYLL were caused by non-adherence to ART, of which 8,000 (95% CI: 3,000–13,000) HIV/AIDS-related deaths and 187,000 (95% CI: 70,000–304,000) HIV/AIDS-related PYLL were attributable to alcohol consumption.Conclusions: As the burden of disease for HIV/AIDS-related deaths attributable to non-adherence to ART and attributable to alcohol consumption is non-trivial, additional research is required to examine the effectiveness of different interventions aimed at reducing alcohol consumption among people with HIV/AIDS and at increasing adherence to ART among both drinkers and non- drinkers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AIDS (Disease) and art"

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Kudsi-Zadeh, Chantalle B. "(Re)visualizing AIDS : art activism and the popular medicalscientific image of HIV." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27947.

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This thesis is concerned with AIDS cultural activism. Specifically, it examines artistic responses to the medical/scientific image of HIV that circulates widely in the mainstream press. Examples of AIDS science reporting that focus on the medical/scientific image of HIV are selected from popular American news journals. It is argued that science and journalism are different and mutually dependent domains of knowledge, neither of which can be examined without the other. AIDS activist art engages with the relationship between science and the media and offers alternatives to the authority offered in science reporting. In the author's closing remarks, it is stated that AIDS activist art addresses not only the AIDS crisis but challenges the entire ideological apparatus upon which popular representations of illness are based.
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Boneh, Galia. "Moving from entertainment towards art a new model for creating performance on HIV/AIDS /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1568127991&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Labeodan, Moremi Morire OreOluwapo. "Stochastic analysis of AIDS epidemiology." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.l.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10172009-112824.

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Frans, Nocawe R. "ART : the views of counsellors about skills needed in counselling HIV/AIDS patients." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://etd.sun.ac.za/jspui/handle/10019/1471.

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Nyakwezi, Kamugasha Sheila. "The use of anthropometric indices as an alternative guide to initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children at the Mildmay Centre in Uganda /." Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1502.

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Paun, Andrea. "Regulator T cells in murine AIDS." University of Western Australia. Microbiology and Immunology Discipline Group, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0115.

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[Truncated abstract] In the last ten years regulator T (Tr) cells have re-emerged as an integral part of the immune system. Research in this field has rapidly demonstrated the role of these cells in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and their involvement in disease. Tr cells are generated in the thymus as a normal part of the developing immune system. Furthermore, antigen-specific Tr cells are induced in the periphery by a mechanism which is yet to be completely elucidated, but is likely to involve dendritic cells. Tr cells play an important role in autoimmune disease, transplantation tolerance, cancer. Most recently Tr cell involvement has been demonstrated in a growing number of infectious diseases. Tr cell induction was reported in Friend Virus infection at the commencement of this study, and subsequent to publication of our findings have also been identified in FIV and HIV. Murine AIDS (MAIDS) is a fatal chronic retroviral infection induced in susceptible strains of mice by infection with BM5d, a replication defective virus, in a viral mixture which is designated LP-BM5. The manipulation of Tr cells detailed in this thesis and the related publication represent the first reported therapy utilising targeted removal of Tr cells. Chapter 1 summarises the literature relevant to this study up to November 2004. Chapter 2 details the materials and methodologies used in this work. Chapter 3 investigates whether Tr cells are involved in the development of murine AIDS, particularly in the early stages of infection. The data presented in this chapter provides evidence of a population of CD4+ Tr cells which express CD25 on their cell surface and secrete TGF-β, some IL-10 and low levels of IL-4 are induced following infection with LP-BM5. These cells were found to arise by day 12 post infection (pi) by flow cytometry and immunosuppressive cytokine expression was found to peak at day 16 pi indicating a role in the early stages of disease progression. Chapter 4 investigates the effect of therapeutically targeting these induced Tr cells using the antimitotic agent Vinblastine during their induction period. The efficacy of treatment was found to be time dependent and was shown to abrogate disease progression maximally when given at day 14 pi. Treatment with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody was also found to be efficacious at day 14 pi and confirmed the identity of the Tr cells as being CD4+ T cells. Adoptive transfer studies demonstrated that the return of these cells to a successfully treated host results in renewed MAIDS progression, confirming their role in disease progression
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Spies, Margaretha. "The biopsychosocial factors influencing HIV/AIDS patient adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) a Social Work study /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08112008-165506.

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De, Bruto Petro C. "ART-related body composition changes in adult women in a semi-rural South African context." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17445.

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Assignment (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate practical methods of monitoring AIDS related wasting and lipodystrophy in a resource-poor clinical setting with HIV infected women as the population group of interest. Measurement of body composition changes using anthropometry is both cost- and time-efficient. Various different skinfolds were taken and two different equations (the equations of Pollock et al. (1975) and Durnin and Womersley (1974) for calculating body fat were used to determine the most promising method or methods of monitoring body composition changes in a clinical setting. Detailed anthropometric measurements were performed, as well as selected measurements for haematological parameters and quality of life (QoL) for a group of 8 participants on antiretroviral medication (ART group) and 6 participants who were not on treatment (TN group). New variables namely, intra-abdominal indicator (IAI) and a percent of ideal body mass to percent of ideal arm circumference ratio (%IBW:%IAC) were investigated as possible indicators of lipodystrophy. Although measurements were taken at various timepoints, three specific time-points were chosen for data-analysis for the ART group and two time points for the TN group. These three time-points were, baseline (on the day of recruitment for TN participants and within one month before the initiation of treatment for ART participants), short-term (2 to 12 weeks after treatment initiation or the baseline measurement or for the ART and the TN participants) and long-term (within one and a half year of treatment initiation for the ART group). ART and TN participants did not differ for many variables at baseline. The major differences between ART and TN were in measured and derived variables of the arm, especially percent of ideal arm circumference (%IAC) and upper arm fat area (UAFA), which were significantly lower in the ART group. CD4+ and QoL improved significantly for the ART participants from baseline to long-term. This was not associated with changes in muscle mass, but rather some fat mass variables. Participants on antiretroviral medication exhibited changes relating to abdominal obesity. It was concluded that antiretroviral therapy contributed greatly to the QoL of the participants and it probably aided in the recovery from wasting for at least one participant in this study. Measures of the arm can be used in a rural clinical setting to effectively monitor patients with regard to AIDS related wasting. The new variables IAI and %IBW:%IAC could be helpful in the monitoring of lipodystrophy and should be investigated in future research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om praktiese metodes te ondersoek om VIGS-verwante uittering en lipodistrofie te meet in ‘n plattelandse kliniese omgewing (waar hulpbronne dikwels beperk is) met MIV ge-infekteerde vroue as populasiegroep. Die gebruik van antropometrie om veranderinge in liggaamssamestelling te meet is beide koste- en tydeffektief. Verskeie velvoumetings is geneem en twee verskillende vergelykings (die vergelykings van Pollock et al. (1975) en Durnin en Womersley (1974)) is gebruik om liggaamsvetinhoud te bereken, met die doel om ‘n belowende metode te vind om veranderinge in liggaamssamestelling te meet in ‘n kliniese omgewing. Verskeie antropometriese metings is geneem, sowel as uitgesoekte hematologiese en lewenskwaliteitmetings (QoL) vir ‘n groep van agt deelnemers wat antiretrovirale medikasie ontvang het (ART groep) en ses deelnemers wat nie hierdie behandeling ontvang het nie (TN groep). Nuwe veranderlikes (binnebuikindikator (IAI) en die verhouding van persentasie van ideale liggaamsmassa tot persentasie van ideale armomtrek (%IBW:%IAC)) is ondersoek as moontlike aanwysers van lipodistrofie. Drie spesifieke tydpunte vir die ART groep en twee tydpunte vir die TN groep is gekies uit die verskeie tydpunte waarby metings geneem is, nl. basislyn (gedefinieer as die dag wat TN deelnemers in die studie opgeneem is en 0 tot 4 weke voor die begin van behandeling vir die ART deelnemers), korttermyn (2 tot 12 weke nadat behandeling begin is of na die basislyn meting) en lang-termyn (binne een en ‘n half jaar nadat behandeling begin is vir die ART groep). By die basislyn tydpunt het min van die ART en TN deelnemers se gemete veranderlikes verskil. Die ART en TN groepe het hoofsaaklik verskil ten opsigte van veranderlikes wat betrekking het op die arm, veral persentasie van ideale armomtrek (%IAC) en bo-arm vetarea (UAFA). Hierdie twee veranderlikes was beduidend laer in die ART groep as in die TN groep. CD4+ seltelling en lewenskwaliteit tellings het beduidend verbeter vir die ART deelnemers van die basislyn tot die lang-termyn tydpunt. Hierdie veranderinge is nie samehangend met veranderinge in spiermassa nie, maar eerder met sommige vetmassa veranderlikes. Deelnemers wat antiretrovirale medikasie ontvang het, het veranderinge getoon wat gedui het op ‘n verhoogde neerlegging van vet in die buikarea. Ten slotte is bevind dat antiretrovirale medikasie bygedra het tot die verbeterde lewenskwaliteit van die deelnemers en dat dit waarskynlik ook die omkeer van uittering van ten minste een deelnemer aangehelp het. Daar is ook bevind dat armverwante metinge gebruik kan word in die plattelandse kliniese omgewing om pasiënte suksesvol te monitor ten opsigte van VIGSverwante uittering. Die nuwe veranderlikes, IAI en %IBW:%IAC kan moontlik gebruik word om lipodistrofie-verwante veranderings te meet en die gebruik van hierdie veranderlikes behoort ondersoek te word in verdere navorsing.
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Parsonson, Ian M. "Syphilis and AIDS historical and social comparisons /." Connect to this title online, 1992. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au/adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20031118.111824/.

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Allen, Annette Marie. "AIDS and Aging: Are the Eldery Becoming the New At-Risk Population?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278037/.

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This dissertation breaks new ground. It examines the perceptions of older adults towards AIDS prevention. Using the National Health Interview Survey, 1988: AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes Supplement, a modified Health Belief Model is developed. Despite the low number of older adults 55+ with AIDS, some extenuating circumstances increase their risk of AIDS contraction. Older adults have lower levels of knowledge about AIDS, weaker immune systems and receive more blood transfusions. Societal influences include educational neglect at the hands of physicians, healthcare workers and social service personnel. The first stage of the dissertation involved establishing older adults as an at-risk population through an extensive literature review. Next, the data was described utilizing frequencies, correlations and factor analysis. Frequencies clearly indicated that older adults in the data set had low levels of AIDS knowledge and did not view themselves at risk for AIDS contraction. Correlations between the variables were minimal. A modified Health Belief Model was developed and tested. Multiple regression determined that minimal variation in the two dependent variables, "Perceived Effectiveness of Effective Methods to Prevent AIDS Contraction" and "Perceived Effectiveness of Ineffective Methods to Prevent AIDS Contraction" was accounted for by the independent variables. Although F ratios allowed rejection of the two null hypotheses, beta weights were low. Adjusted R^2's accounted for only 21% and 16% respectively of the variation in the dependent variables. Finally, discrepancies in the model were determined and recommendations made for further research. Most health belief models concentrate on individual social-psychological variables. Due to AIDS' societal consequences, it is proposed that societal providers of education: physicians, social service workers and healthcare personnel need to be included in the model. Recommendations were made for additional research into sexual behavior of older adults and exploration of available training of physicians, healthcare and social service professionals. Finally, recommendations were made to provide training and education for both professionals as well as the elderly to prevent their growth into an at-risk population.
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Books on the topic "AIDS (Disease) and art"

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The art of AIDS. New York: Continuum, 1994.

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Giosia, Paolo Di. HIV/AIDS. Teramo Italia: Ricerche&redazioni, 2018.

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Gadsden, Rachel. Unlimited global alchemy. London, UK: Artsadmin, Toynbee Studios, 2012.

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Gallery, Ivan Dougherty, and University of New South Wales. College of Fine Arts, eds. Visualising AIDS: Images in art and design. Sydney: University of New South Wales, College of Fine Arts, 2000.

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Machen, Peter. Not alone: An international project of Make art/stop AIDS. Cape Town, South Africa]: Iziko, 2009.

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Michael, Arseneault, Moore Patrick 1962-, Eggan Ferd, Cuadros Gil, Estate Project for Artists with AIDS., Los Angeles Center for Photographic Studies., Los Angeles (Calif.). Office of the AIDS Coordinator., and Los Angeles (Calif.). Cultural Affairs Dept., eds. Transcend AIDS: Work by Los Angeles artists with HIV/AIDS. Los Angeles, CA: Estate Project for Artists with AIDS, 1995.

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John, Cheim, and Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, eds. Drawing the line against AIDS. New York: AMFAR International, 1993.

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Neue Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst, ed. Love Aids riot sex: Eine zweiteilige Ausstellung zu Kunst, Aids & Aktivismus = A two-part exhibition on art, AIDS & activism. Berlin: NGBK, Neue Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst, 2014.

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Forsythe, Steven. State of the art: AIDS and economics. Edited by POLICY Project (Futures Group International). Washington, DC]: POLICY Project, 2002.

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Steven, Forsythe, and POLICY Project (Futures Group International), eds. State of the art: AIDS and economics. [Washington, DC]: POLICY Project, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "AIDS (Disease) and art"

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Yang, Lu-Hui, Jun-Ting Tang, Xi-Chuan Yang, Tian-Wei Zhao, Jun Liu, Yu-Ye Li, and Yi-Qun Kuang. "ART-Related Diseases in HIV/AIDS Patients." In Mucocutaneous Manifestations of HIV/AIDS, 237–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5467-4_8.

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Alegana, Victor A., and Peter M. Atkinson. "Geography of Disease Burden: Case Studies in Namibia and Eritrea." In Practicing Health Geography, 29–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63471-1_3.

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AbstractAfrica continues to experience the highest infectious disease burden despite an increase in investments. These include investments in malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, as well as in communicable diseases. The global targets are to reduce the burden of these diseases through improved surveillance, prevention of outbreaks, effective case management, elimination and eventually, eradication. Achieving these targets, however, is limited by the poor geographic descriptions of the disease burden. Of the big five infectious disease burdens, malaria is the most advanced in terms of mapping its distribution. Malaria cartography has since formed the evidence-base for the design of many national malaria control programmes. This chapter focuses on malaria as an example, demonstrating its geographical descriptions. The availability of georeferenced malaria case data whether based on prevalence or incidence indicators has been used extensively in the mapping of geographical extents at national and sub-national scales. However, routine surveillance data is emerging as a valuable methodology of tracking burden in sub-Saharan Africa. A particular focus of this chapter is the use of routine national health systems surveillance data to describe, at a fine-scale, the distribution of malaria. However, routine data can be applied to the cartographic description of other diseases beyond malaria. The methodological aspects of burden estimation from routine surveillance platforms and cartography are highlighted.
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Scharnagl, Hubert, Winfried März, Markus Böhm, Thomas A. Luger, Federico Fracassi, Alessia Diana, Thomas Frieling, et al. "AIDS." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_7292.

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Self, Steve, and Yudi Pawitan. "Modeling a Marker of Disease Progression and Onset of Disease." In AIDS Epidemiology, 231–55. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1229-2_11.

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Polizzotto, Mark N., Thomas S. Uldrick, and Robert Yarchoan. "Multicentric Castleman Disease." In Encyclopedia of AIDS, 1–11. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_6-1.

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Polizzotto, Mark N., Thomas S. Uldrick, and Robert Yarchoan. "Multicentric Castleman Disease." In Encyclopedia of AIDS, 1403–12. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7101-5_6.

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Grant, Igor, John R. Hesselink, Caroline J. Kennedy, and J. Hampton Atkinson. "HIV Disease." In Behavioral Aspects of AIDS, 247–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9386-4_14.

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Shikanai-Yasuda, Maria Aparecida. "Chagas Disease and HIV." In Encyclopedia of AIDS, 1–10. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_408-1.

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Shikanai-Yasuda, Maria Aparecida. "Chagas Disease and HIV." In Encyclopedia of AIDS, 281–90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7101-5_408.

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Horsburgh, C. Robert. "Prognostic Indicators for Progression of HIV Disease." In AIDS Testing, 143–51. New York, NY: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0514-9_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "AIDS (Disease) and art"

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Desmyter, J. "AIDS 1987." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644751.

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AIDS virus (HIV) transmission by transfusions and blood products has been essentially halted in industrialized countries which haye introduced systematic anti-HIV screening of donations in 1985. New anti-HIV screening assays, based in part on the replacement of disrupted HIV virions by defined DNA recombinant HIV antigens, have improved specificity; sensitivity has been improved as to dectect seroconversion at an earlier stage. Confirmatory assays and (self-)exclusion of risk groups from blood donation do remain mandatory. HIVAg can be detected in some infections before antibody conversion, and HIVAg is more likely to be found in those anti-HIV positives who proceed to disease. However, there is no justification so far for routine parallel HIVAg and anti-HIV screening. There is continued uncertainty how many HIV carriers have not (yet) developed antibody, but their numbers may have been overestimated. Studies to determine how many HIV transmitters have escaped blood bank detection, and why, need to be undertaken in spite of formidable logistic difficulties.The risk of developing AIDS is now estimated at 25-50 % within 10 years after the infectious contact. It is not clear whether the risk should be estimated differently in different groups or persons. In cities in Central Africa, 5-20 % of men and women are confirmed anti-HIV positives. At least 75 % of this HIV carrier rate is due to heterosexual transmission. Heterosexual transmission has been slower in Western countries, but factors precluding slow evolution to high figures by the same route outside Africa have not been identified. Therefore, countries have no choice in advocating behaviour changes in the general population, and not only in the classical risk groups. Initial hesitations toward extended voluntary and confidential screening are dwindling. Well-conceived confidential screening may be the only way to avoid strong-armed government intervention. The latter is certain to be divisive, and is likely to be counterproductive on balance.An efficacious vaccine remains remote, but an antiviral which prolongs life by at least several months in AIDS patients, but not all of them, is now available. Zidovudine (AZT), however, is toxic and mere prolongation of life without cure will impose an additional burden on AIDS economics.A novel virus (HIV-2) has been identified and is already widespread in West-Africans. It causes AIDS, but the present ratio of AIDS cases in those infected seems lower than with HIV(-l); this feature may be transient. HIV-2 antibodies are either detected or missed by anti-HIV-1 screens; if found, they can be distinguished from anti-HIV-1 only by special confirmatory technique. New screening assays showing equal sensitivity for HIV-1 and HIV-2 in a single test should be devised. At present, HIV-2 is very rare in Western countries compared to HIV-1.
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Vedika, R., M. Mithra Lakshmi, R. Sakthia, and K. Meenakshi. "Early Wheat Leaf Disease Detection Using CNN." In International Research Conference on IOT, Cloud and Data Science. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-653bh6.

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Smart farming is an innovative technology that aids in the improvement of the country's agricultural produce quality and quantity. Wheat is the most important crop in most parts of India. Wheat leaf diseases have a significant impact on production rates and farmer earnings. It poses a significant danger to food security because it affects crop productivity and degrades crop quality. Accurate and precise disease detection has posed a significant challenge, but recent advances in computer vision enabled by deep learning have paved the road for camera-assisted wheat leaf disease diagnosis. Using a CNN trained with a publicly available wheat leaf disease model, several machine learning algorithms and neuron- and layer-wise visualization methods are applied.
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Tareq HAMMOODI, Zeyad. "CORONA EPIDEMIC (COVD 19) BETWEEN SHARIA AND MEDICINE." In International Research Congress of Contemporary Studies in Social Sciences (Rimar Congress 2). Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/rimarcongress2-7.

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The Corona epidemic is a wide group of viruses that include viruses that can cause a group of illnesses in humans, ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome, as there is no definitive and specific treatment for the epidemic. The medicines used are helpful and supportive, and they mostly aim to reduce the patient’s temperature with the use of pulmonary resuscitation devices, as the body’s resistance depends on autoimmunity, as it is the main factor in preventing this epidemic, and here we must know the role of medical and forensic scholars in preventing and treating With what appears from this epidemic and other epidemics, we do not know when and how they will appear to the world. The emergence of this disease is an extension of several diseases before it and the so-called (contemporary diseases), which are contagious communicable diseases, including bird flonza disease, swine flonza, sass and AIDS, mad cow disease, Ebola, human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus, yellow fever, and many others These diseases are epidemic.
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Hansen, Laura, Manu Platt, Roy L. Sutliff, and Rudolph L. Gleason. "The Mechanical and Structural Effects of HIV Proteins on Murine Carotid Arteries." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53693.

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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is considered a global epidemic with over 65 million people worldwide infected with the HIV-1 virus, the causative agent [1]. The development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly increased the life expectancy of people infected with the virus by slowing the progression to the development of AIDS. However, the treatment has also led to the emergence of early onset cardiovascular complications including myocardial infarction [2] and atherosclerotic lesions [3], as well as subclinical markers of atherosclerosis including increased carotid artery intima-media thickness [4], increased arterial stiffness [5–6], and endothelial dysfunction [6]. It appears that HAART and HIV-1-infection are independent risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis in adults [7]; however, the mechanism of disease progression remains unclear. There is a pressing need to identify mechanisms of early on-set cardiovascular disease associated with HIV-1 infection and HAART and to identify therapeutic strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease in HIV patients. The overall goal of this study is to test the hypothesis that over-expression of HIV proteins will lead to alterations in the biomechanical properties of large arteries.
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Takahashi, Hoyu, Wataru Tatewaki, Reizo Nagayama, Masaharu Hanano, Shin-ichiro Takizawa, and Akira Shibata. "HEAT-TREATED FACTOR VIII CONCENTRATES IN VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS: STUDIES IN PLATELET-TYPE VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644118.

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Cryoprecipitate has proved to correct the hemostatic defects in von Willebrand1s disease (vWd). However, recent studies have revealed that transmission of the AIDS retrovirus (HIV) occurs through exposure to blood products including cryoprecipitate. Treatment with heat-treated factor VIII concentrates may have certain advantages over treatment with non-heated products, if these preparations are efficacious in vWd and related disorders. We investigated the multimeric compositoin of von Willebrand factor (vWf), contents of vWf antigen (vWf:Ag) and ristocetin cofactor activity (RCof) in the heat-treated factor VIII concentrates and cryoprecipitate, and their capacity to directly induce aggregation of platelet-type (or pseudo-) vWd platelets in vitro. The vWf multimers were visualized by a newly developed, immuno-enzymatic staining of the gel, following a discontinuous SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis. The RCof/vWf:Ag ratio was around 1.0 in cryoprecipitate, and ranged from 0.19 to 0.96 in factor VIII concentrates. Among four commercially available concentrates studied, Haemate P contained the most high-molecular-weight multimers of vWf and the highest RCof relative to vWf:Ag, and induced the aggregation of platelet-type vWd platelets at the lowest concentration. When infused into a patient with platelet-type vWd, Haemate P (144 units vWf:Ag/kg body weight) shortened the prolonged bleeding time and caused spontaneous platelet aggregation in vitro with a mild diminution of platelet count (from the preinfusion value of 183,000μl to 139,000μl at 5 minutes). These results indicate that some of the heat-treated factor VIII concentrates contain the high-molecular-weight vWf multimers and may provide a safer, yet still effective, treatment for platelet-type vWd, and possibly for various types of vWd as well.
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Hyun, Sinjae, Sun Jin Moon, and Chong S. Kim. "Computational Modeling of Aerosol Deposition Characteristics in Cyclic Bifurcating Tube Flow." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19169.

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An accurate model of the human respiratory system allows health scientists to gain insight into the interactions between particulate matter (PM) and the exposed surfaces of the lung airways. Respiratory dose simulations and modeling are frequently used for evaluating health effects of inhaled toxic substances [1–4] and for analyzing the risk potentials of inhaled toxic or harmful PM such as vehicle emissions [4,5]. Pharmaceutical companies and pulmonologists find it useful in evaluating efficacy of inhaled medicinal aerosols and devising new patient treatment regimen [6–8], especially in vulnerable population groups such as children, industrial workers, and the elderly [10]. Recently, the respiratory system has seen increased attention as a possible venue for drug delivery to fight diseases such as AIDS, diabetes, and various cancers, among others. Computational fluid dynamics modeling and simulation continues to be an important tool for understanding of delivery of pharmaceutical aerosols to the lung airways and thereby improving treatment of airway disease, particularly, asthma with bronchodilators and corticosteroids inhalers [11,12].
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Luz, Jeniffer, Scenio De Araujo, Caio Abreu, Juvenal Silva Neto, and Carlos Gulo. "Formation of a cooperation network in Mato Grosso on Machine Learning and Image Analysis: Diagnosis of COVID-19 in X-ray images." In Computer on the Beach. São José: Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/cotb.v12.p523-524.

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Since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, the scientific communityhas been making efforts in several areas, either by seekingvaccines or improving the early diagnosis of the disease to contributeto the fight against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The use of X-rayimaging exams becomes an ally in early diagnosis and has been thesubject of research by the medical image processing and analysiscommunity. Although the diagnosis of diseases by image is a consolidatedresearch theme, the proposed approach aims to: a) applystate-of-the-art machine learning techniques in X-ray images forthe COVID-19 diagnosis; b) identify COVID-19 features in imagingexamination; c) to develop an Artificial Intelligence model toreduce the disease diagnosis time; in addition to demonstrating thepotential of the Artificial Intelligence area as an incentive for theformation of critical mass and encouraging research in machinelearning and processing and analysis of medical images in the Stateof Mato Grosso, in Brazil. Initial results were obtained from experimentscarried out with the SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier,induced on a publicly available image dataset from Kaggle repository.Six attributes suggested by Haralick, calculated on the graylevel co-occurrence matrix, were used to represent the images. Theprediction model was able to achieve 82.5% accuracy in recognizingthe disease. The next stage of the studies includes the study of deeplearning models.
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Caulk, Alexander W., and Rudolph L. Gleason. "Treatment With Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Efavirenz Leads to Increase of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Mice." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14744.

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Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) are living longer lives. However, HIV-1-positive (HIV-1+) patients are now experiencing many non-AIDS related comorbidities including myocardial infarction, atherosclerotic lesions, and other preclinical markers of atherosclerosis including increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), arterial stiffness, and impaired flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Studies have implicated the virus, the treatment, or both in the progression of these co-morbidities, causing the exact mechanisms of cardiovascular disease progression to remain unclear.
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Koester, Charles J., and Anthony Donn. "Optics of the ocular telephoto system for patients with macular degeneration." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.fi5.

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Magnifications of 2-4× can be achieved by utilizing a strong negative intraocular lens together with a positive spectacle lens.1 The advantage of this system over conventional telescopic low-vision aids is that for a given magnification the ocular telephoto system provides a significantly larger field of view. For near tasks such as reading, the system can provide greater magnification at a given working distance than can simple magnifiers or magnifying spectacle lenses. Potential problems are discussed, including IOL decentration and patient disorientation due to disparate magnifications in the two eyes. The magnification or the field of view can be simulated before surgery by using a strong negative contact lens together with a positive spectacle lens. The type of patient most likely to be helped by the ocular telephoto system has stable macular disease, substantially reduced visual acuity, difficulty utilizing conventional low-vision aids, and a strong desire to perform near tasks such as reading or computer terminal work.
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Borges, Érico Induzzi, André Lopez Fernandez, Louis Fernando Marques de Almeida, Juline do Prado Paes, Jandey da Glória Bigonha, Antônio José da Rocha, Herval Soares Ribeiro Neto, and Sônia Maria Cesar de Azevedo Silva. "Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy following Daratumumab therapy for refractory Multiple Myeloma – a case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.441.

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Context: PML is a dymyeliniating disease of the brain, caused by JC virus infection reactivation in immunocompromised patients, especially by AIDS, hematological disease and immunosuppressive therapies. Case report: A 67-year-old woman was diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) in 2018 and use of bortezomib/cyclophosphamide/dexamethasone and thalidomide was ineffective. She underwent treatment with monthly daratumumab starting in January 2020. After one year, she experienced progressive amnesia, apathy and confusion. At admission, examination revealed apathy, monosyllabic communication and frontal release, progressing to mutism and abulia. T2 FLAIR-weighted MRI of the brain performed in March 2021 showed a hyperintense non-enhancing lesion affecting thalamus, internal capsule, lentiform and deep white matter of left lobes. MRI performed one month before symptoms onset showed a small lesion in subinsular region – indicating incipient involvement. Cerebrospinal fluid PCR was positive for JC viruses, and PML was diagnosed. Conclusions: This report proves that concomitant hematologic and drug- immunocompromised patients presenting with neurological symptoms should be investigated for PML. There are few reports in the literature of PML occurring in MM, especially after use of daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. Recently, one small case series demonstrated some improvement in pembrolizumab (a checkpoint inhibitor)-treated PML, but no routinely therapy is recommended. Understanding severity of both disease, patient was discharged receiving conservative treatment.
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Reports on the topic "AIDS (Disease) and art"

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Liang, BiYan, BiYan Liang, and Jian Wang. A Meta Analysis of the Efficacy of Tonic Method in Traditional Chinese Medicine for AIDS Immunological Nonresponses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0077.

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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of tonic method in treating AIDS immunological nonresponses. Eligibility criteria: ①Study type: RCT based on tonic method in TCM for AIDS INRs. The language was limited to Chinese and English. ②The research object: HIV/AIDS patients with any disease stage; the intervention objects were adults with no gender restrictions. ③Intervention measures: The treatment group was treated with tonic prescriptions combined with ART, including four types of prescriptions for nourishing qi, nourishing blood, nourishing yin, or nourishing yang; the dosage, frequency, and method were not limited. The control group was treated with ART or mock agent and placebo. ④Outcome indicators: The observation indicators reported in the included studies should include at least one of the following indicators: 1) Effective rate of immune function reconstruction: formulated in accordance with "AIDS (Adult) Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Program" (2016 Edition) , effective: CD4 + T lymphocyte counts increased by ≥ 50 cells/l or ≥ 30%, invalid: CD4+ T lymphocyte counts decreased by ≥ 50 cells/l or ≥ 30%; total effective rate = effective number/total number; 2) CD4+T lymphocyte counts level.
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Zheng, Ruo-xiang, Xun Li, Jing Li, Zhen-wei Liu, Feng Jiang, Nicola Robinson, and Jian-ping Liu. Does Chinese herbal remedy Tangcao tablet work for the treatment of HIV/AIDS：a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0042.

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Review question / Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tangcao tablet (Tangcao) for treating people with HIV/AIDS. Condition being studied: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic infectious disease characterized by severe immunodeficiency caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The infection attacks specifically the white blood cells, CD4+T (CD4) cells, weakening the immunity of individuals against infections such as tuberculosis. Without treatment, patients with AIDS may survive up to 2 years. Pneumocystis pneumonia and infections of the central nervous system are two of the most common causes of death in people with AIDS. AIDS still remains a significant global public health problem, with an estimated 37.7 million people infected with HIV at the end of 2020.
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van Dam, Johannes, and Sherry Hutchinson. Access to treatment for HIV/AIDS: Report of a meeting of international experts. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2002.1000.

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As of December 2001, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS is estimated at 40 million, and most live in the developing world. Advances in the development and availability of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs have led to a paradigm shift in most of the industrialized world, where highly active ARV therapy has resulted in a significant reduction in the prevalence of AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. In most of the developing world, however, the focus of national programs and international support continues to be on prevention and care in the absence of ARV treatment. While the moral imperative to provide the best possible treatment for people with AIDS-related disease is widely recognized, national governments and donors have been reluctant to enter into this endeavor citing numerous concerns. Ministries of health and the international donor community need guidance on developing and implementing effective HIV/AIDS treatment programs. To explore and prioritize operations research questions about access to treatment for HIV/AIDS, the Horizons Program convened a two-day meeting of international researchers and program managers in Washington, DC, on June 12–13, 2001. This report presents the findings and recommendations discussed at the meeting.
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Schubert, Wulf, and Nedim RADONCIC. COMPUTER AIDS FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES: THE AUSTRIAN STATE-OF-THE-ART. Cogeo@oeaw-giscience, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5242/iamg.2011.0666.

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Davis, Robert E., Edna Tanne, James P. Prince, and Meir Klein. Yellow Disease of Grapevines: Impact, Pathogen Molecular Detection and Identification, Epidemiology, and Potential for Control. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568792.bard.

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Grapevine yellows diseases characterized by similar symptoms have been reported in several countries including Israel, the United States, France, Italy, Spain, Germany and Australia. These diseases are among the most serious known in grapevine, but precise knowledge of the pathogens' identities and modes of their spread is needed to devise effective control stratgegies. The overall goals of this project were to develop improved molecular diagnostic procedures for detection and identification of the presumed mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) pathogens, now termed phytoplasmas, and to apply these procedures to investigate impact and spread and potential for controlling grapevine yellows diseases. In the course of this research project, increased incidence of grapevine yellows was found in Israel and the United States; the major grapevine yellows phytoplasma in Israel was identified and tis 16S rRNA gene characterized; leafhopper vectors of this grapevine yellows phytoplasma in Israel were identified; a second phytoplasma was discovered in diseased grapevines in Israel; the grapevine yellows disease in the U.S. was found to be distinct from that in Israel; grapevine yellows in Virginia, USA, was found to be caused by two different phytoplasmas; both phytoplasmas in Virginia grapevines were molecularly characterized and classified; commercial grapevines in Europe were discovered to host a phytoplasma associated with aster yellow disease in the USA, but this phytoplasma has not been found in grapevine in the USA; the Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma was found to be distinct from the grapevine phytoplasmas in Israel, the United States and Europe and was described and named "Candidatus phytoplasma australiense", and weed host plants acting as potential reservoirs of the grapevine phytoplasmas were discovered. These and other findings from the project should aid in the design and development of strategies for managing the grapevine yellows disease problem.
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McDonald, Geral I., Philip D. Tanimoto, Thomas M. Rice, David E. Hall, Jane E. Stewart, Paul J. Zambino, Jonalea R. Tonn, Ned B. Klopfenstein, and Mee-Sook Kim. Fuels planning: science synthesis and integration; environmental consequences fact sheet 13: Root Disease Analyzer-Armillaria Response Tool (ART). Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rn-23-v13.

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Ibáñez, Ana María, Sandra Rozo, and Maria J. Urbina. Forced Migration and the Spread of Infectious Diseases. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002894.

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We examine the role of Venezuelan forced migration on the propagation of 15 infectious dis-eases in Colombia. For this purpose, we use rich municipal-monthly panel data. We exploit the fact that municipalities closer to the main migration entry points have a disproportionate ex-posure to infected migrants when the cumulative migration flows increase. We find that higher refugee inflows are associated with increments in the incidence of vaccine-preventable dis-eases, such as chickenpox and tuberculosis, as well as sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS and syphilis. However, we find no significant effects of migration on the propagation of vector-borne diseases. Contact with infected migrants upon arrival seems to be the main driving mechanism.
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Haider, Huma. Malaria, HIV and TB in Nigeria: Epidemiology and Disease Control Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.040.

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Nigeria has the world’s highest number of people affected by malaria and the world’s second largest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS burden. There is a high occurrence of co-infection of malaria in HIV patients (Gumel et al., 2021). Nigeria is also ranked as one of the thirty high tuberculosis (TB) and TB-HIV co-infection burden countries in the world (Odume et al., 2020, 8). Co-infection can make each disease more severe and potentially more infectious (Gumel et al., 2021; Jemikalajah et al., 2021; Chukwuocha et al., 2019). This rapid literature review highlights key aspects of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV and TB in Nigeria, in addition to challenges in controlling the three diseases, in terms of prevention, detection and treatment. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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Thanda Kyaw, Ai. Socio-Economic Impacts of Foot and Mouth Disease Among Cattle Farmers in Sagaing and Mandalay Areas, Myanmar. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2784.

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The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Sub-Regional Representation for South East Asia (OIE SRR-SEA) implemented the Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ) Programme funded by AusAID to strengthen the veterinary services and effectively manage the control and eradication of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar. The purpose of the study is to understand how FMD outbreaks impact smallholder farmers, both men and women, at the household and village level and how control and eradication of FMD would benefit them. Specific aims are to estimate the direct and indirect socio-economic costs associated with the outbreaks of FMD as well as of the measures taken by farmers to deal with such outbreaks and to identify issues that contributed to the socio-economic impacts of FMD outbreaks and opportunities to reduce them.
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Li, Ting, Shudan Ge, Wei Zheng, Chao Luan, Xingtong Liu, Zongxiu Luo, Qi Zhao, and Lulu Xie. Effectiveness and safety of panretinal photocoagulation combined with intravitreous ranibizumab for patients with type 2 proliferative diabetic retinopathy：A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0048.

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Review question / Objective: Our study aims to synthesise results from randomised controlled trials to assess the effectiveness and safety of PRP combined with intravitreous ranibizumab for T2PDR. Condition being studied: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus, which will seriously affect the quality of life of patients and bring great burden to patients’ families and society. DR is one of the most important diseases of blindness in people aged 20 to 60 years worldwide. Nearly 15% of diabetic patients with a disease duration of more than 5 years were combined with DR.The prevalence of vision threatening diabetic retinopathy in the United States is 4.4 percent. Worldwide, the prevalence is estimated at 10.2%.At present, the treatment methods for type 2 proliferative diabetic retinopathy (T2PDR), at home and abroad mainly include retinal laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors.
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