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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'AIDS and HIV infection'
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1
Brailsford, Sally Caroline. "Modelling for HIV infection and AIDS." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358459.
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Sharpstone, Daniel Robert. "Weight loss in HIV infection and AIDS." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362340.
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Allardice, Gwendolyn Muriel. "Surveillance of HIV infection in Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320281.
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Abracen, Jeffrey. "Psychosocial risk factors for HIV infection." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28976.
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A group of 21 HIV-positive gay or bisexual men was compared with a matched group of 22 HIV-negative individuals. All subjects were sexually active gay or bisexual males matched for age, as well as age at first intercourse with males. Subjects completed a detailed sexual history questionnaire as well as a series of standardized measures of psychosocial functioning. Results indicated that subjects engaged in a wide range of unsafe sexual behaviours, and frequently combined drugs with sex. Scores on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) were significantly correlated with lifetime condom use. Social support was also found to be significantly associated with the lifetime number of homosexual partners. Regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between MAST scores and social support and a positive relationship between social support and CD-4 cell count. The groups were found to be similar in terms of clinical levels of anxiety and depression, self-esteem in interpersonal situations, and risk-taking personality.
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Frost, Simon David William. "The within host dynamics of HIV infection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306932.
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Enting, Roeline Henny. "Neurological manifestations of HIV-1 infection." Rotterdam : Amsterdam : R.H.Enting ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/56445.
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Walton, Heather M. "The intersection of HIV infection with HIV/AIDS beliefs among African Americans." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7280.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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David, Jummy Funke. "Mathematical epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis co-infection." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54295.
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The project deals with the analysis of a general dynamical model for the spread of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis Co-infection. We capture in the model the dynamics of HIV/AIDS infected individuals and investigate their impacts in the progression
of tuberculosis with and without TB treatment. It is shown that TB-only model and HIV-only model have locally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium when the basic reproduction number is less than unity and a unique endemic equilibrium
exists when the basic reproduction number is greater than unity. We analyze the full HIV/AIDS-TB coinfection model and incorporate treatment strategy for the exposed and active forms of TB. The stability of equilibria is derived through the
use of Van den Driessche method of generational matrix and Routh Harwitz stability criterion. Numerical simulations are provided to justify the analytical results and to investigate the effect of change of certain parameters on the co-infection.
Sensitivity analysis shows that reducing the most sensitive parameters β₁ and β₂ could help to lower the basic reproduction number and thereby reducing the rate of infection. From the study, we conclude that treating latent and active forms of TB
reduce the rate of infection, reduce the rate of progression of individuals to AIDS stage and lowers co-infection.Science, Faculty of
Mathematics, Department of
Graduate
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Galane, Mpatikana Leslie. "Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding HIV/ AIDS among dental students at Medunsa Oral Health centre." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1093.
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Thesis (MPH) -- University of Limpopo, 2012.Background: The HIV pandemic continues to be a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa where 22.5 million people were infected with HIV in 2009 and South Africa remains one amongst the countries with the highest HIV epidemic. The number of HIV-positive and AIDS patients is increasing annually and there are no specialised oral health institutions that provide oral health care to HIV/AIDS patients. HIV and AIDS continues to have profound impact on all health training and education (Medical, Dentistry, Nursing etc.) and clinical care, hence it is crucial for all the health care students to be educated about HIV/AIDS disease. Dental student’s knowledge about HIV/AIDS, attitudes towards HIV-positive patients and infection control practices are of importance as they are the future oral health care providers. The Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of third, fourth and fifth year dental students on HIV-positive and AIDS patients at the Medunsa Oral Health Centre (MOHC). Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 139 dental students at MOHC using a self administered questionaire with 30 closedended questions. T-test, one-way Anova (analysis of variance), multiple regressions and Pearson’s correlation were applied by Stata IC/10 to assess, determine and describe the knowledge, attitude and infection control practices of third, fourth and fifth year dental students, respectively and also find an association between demographic variables, knowledge, attitudes and practices. Results: The response rate was 86% (120/139), 33 of third year, 47 of fourth year and 40 of fifth year dental students. Gender was statistically significant towards knowledge and females were more knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS as compared to males (p=0.058). However, almost (98.3%) all dental students were not sure “HIV increases other infections, including oral infections as well”. More than half (53.1%) of third year dental students were not sure “persistent generalised lymphadenopathy vi is associated with stage 2 of HIV infection”. In this study, ethnic groups and level of study (BDS4 & BDS5) were found to be significant predictors of attitude regarding HIV-positive patients (p=0.001) (p=0.055) (p=0.001). Practice was found to be a significant predictor of knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS (p=0.046). Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed students with positive attitude scores had significantly excellent practice regarding HIV/AIDS (r=0.2912) (p=0.001). Good knowledge translates into excellent infection control practices, whilst positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients yield excellent infection control practices. Conclusion: The dental students at MOHC relatively have a good understanding of HIV/AIDS (particularly the mode of transmission) but to lesser extent, disease progress and oral manifestation. The lack of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and inconsistency regarding certain infection control procedures may be a reflection of insufficient HIV/AIDS teaching and clinical supervision of students in the wards. There is a need to improve the current dental curriculum by including HIV/AIDS module and incorporate a clinical component of dental screening at the ARV clinics.
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Di, Stefano Mariantonietta. "Molecular dynamics in HIV-1 infection of the brain /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/91-85910-65-1.
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McGowan, Ian Michael. "Characterisation of intestinal mucosal abnormality associated with HIV infection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259901.
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Maponyane, Egnetia Selina. "University of Limpopo (Medunsa campus) psychology undergraduates’ knowledge, attitudes, behaviour and beliefs regarding HIV and Aids." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1074.
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Thesis (MSc (Clinical Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012.The aim of the study is to investigate the HIV and Aids knowledge, attitudes, behaviour and beliefs of University of Limpopo undergraduate students (Medunsa Campus) registered for modules in psychology. South African tertiary institutions have a high rate of HIV infection. Empirical evidence indicates that generally male students have multiple partners during their years at university. Various studies reveal that the use of condoms is relatively low amongst students. This investigation utilized a quasi-experimental survey design as it was deemed an appropriate method with which to answer the research question. The questions used in the survey were underpinned by the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). Several open-ended questions were added to lend a qualitative aspect to the study. Proportionate stratified sampling was used. Using this method a sample of students was randomly allocated in each educational level (first year, second year and third year) according to the true proportional number of students in each level. Quantitative data was analyses using descriptive statistics and an independent t-test to look for differences between the means of the male and female groups. Results underpinned other research in this arena For instance, the majority of participants indicated that they know that using a male condom or female condom can prevent the spread of Aids. This suggests that this percentage would take the positive health related action of using a condom. However, fifty one respondents (35.66%) indicated that they were very likely to believe that they would feel uncomfortable buying condoms and forty five respondents (31%) were likely to believe that they would feel uncomfortable buying condoms. This indicates that knowledge is not a good predictor of a positive health related action. Quantitative and qualitative results suggest that stigmatizations and racism exist in the samples attitudes towards aspect of HIV and Aids. The only significant result between the means of the two groups suggests that males are more likely to indulge in high risk sexual behaviours than females.
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Reeves, Jacqueline Denise. "CD4-independent infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 2." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368031.
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Singh, Rajeshree. "Criminal liability for wilful HIV/AIDS infection: a comparative study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012686.
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South Africa‘s high prevalence of HIV/AIDS coupled with a high crime rate and incidence of sexual violence necessitated the enquiry and study into the role of criminal law to address the wilful transmission of HIV.1 This study shows that criminal law can be used to punish offenders for wrongdoing and therefore finds application in the wilful transmission of HIV.2 The study distinguishes the dividing line between the justifiable use of criminal law and where use of the criminal law becomes discriminatory in nature and counterproductive to public health measures. The United Nations (hereinafter referred to as the UN) laid down guiding principles for countries to adopt when using the criminal law and stated that countries should use existing criminal law offences to prosecute intentional HIV infections.3 The South African Law Commission (hereinafter referred to as the SALC) endorses this approach. South Africa‘s use of the criminal law, in response to harmful HIV behaviour is in line with the UN recommendations as it uses the existing common law offences to prosecute the wilful transmission of HIV, namely murder, attempted murder and assault. Drawing from the writer‘s comparative study in Chapter Six below, South Africa, members of the Zimbabwean parliament, Canada, as well as the American Bar Association have all concluded that the use of specific HIV-related legislation creates some a form of stigmatization towards people living with HIV and is therefore not warranted. This study shows that criminal law has a role to play in the wilful transmission of HIV; however the creation of HIV specific legislation is not recommended and existing criminal law offences should be used to address harmful HIV related behaviour. Such an approach is in line with the guiding principles laid down by the UN and SALC.
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Fialho, Renata. "Neuropsychiatric manifestations of hepatitis C treatment in HIV/HCV co-infection." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/71260/.
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Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Interferon alpha based treatment for HCV offers a good rate of viral clearance, however the associated neuropsychiatric side effects increase the risk of treatment interruption and disease progression. The HIV/HCV coinfection is of particular interest due to association with higher rates of HCV treatment side effects and earlier treatment discontinuation when compared with HCV mono-infection. Therefore, the aim of the thesis was to further explore the effect of coinfection on mood and cognition and how HCV interferon based treatment influences neuropsychiatric side effects in mono and co-infected samples. Firstly a meta-analysis was performed to explore cognitive impairment and depression in HIV HCV co-infection. The results suggested that there was consistent literature indicating that the coinfected group were more cognitively impaired and more likely to be depressed than the HCV and HIV monoinfected groups. Secondly empirical studies were conducted to analyse the profile of depression during interferon-based treatment, and explore potential risk factors, such as gender and immune profile. Co-infected patients appeared less vulnerable to the emergence of depressive symptoms during HCV treatment than HCV mono-infected patients. Additionally, neither female gender nor immune response were associated with increased vulnerability to depression. Finally, a longitudinal study investigating cognitive performance during interferon-based treatment was conducted. A significant effect of treatment on information processing speed level of executive function was observed. Overall the research reported in this thesis further clarifies the nature of interferon induced depression and cognitive effects differences between mono and coinfected groups. Having identified a neurovegetative symptom profile and speed of processing impairment of executive function during HCV treatment, the discussion considers the potential of targeted interventions via psychotropic medication and cognitive interventions to minimise the impact of these treatment effects and optimise outcomes in this clinical group.
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Sabri, Farideh. "Astrocytes during HIV infection of the brain : relevance for neuropathogenesis /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4536-5/.
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Moore, David Joseph. "Regional neuropathology and cognitive abilities in HIV infection /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3083453.
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Loré, Karin. "Immunological properties of dendritic cells in HIV-1 infection /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4782-1/.
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Gor, Dehila. "Investigation of herpes simplex virus and Cytomegalovirus infection in the immunocompromised host." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323037.
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Strebel, Ann-Marie. "Women and Aids : a study of issues in the prevention of HIV infection." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13857.
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Bibliography: p. 209-244.There is worldwide recognition of the magnitude of the AIDS problem generally and the particular concerns regarding prevention and care which this raises for women. Social constructionist and feminist analyses have done much to extend understanding of the issues beyond the biomedical realm to include social accounts of the constitution of AIDS knowledge, meanings and responses. However, these frameworks have not easily translated into realistic responses to the seeming paradox of women being seen as responsible for HIV prevention, while they lack the power in gender relations to implement safe sex behaviour. Therefore, this thesis aimed to explore in depth the experience and meaning of AIDS for South African women, to map their accounts in relation to existing depictions of the problem, and to identify constraints and opportunities for action which these raised. A further intention was to generate realistic and appropriate prevention options both through and arising from the research process. Preliminary work involved two pilot studies. Firstly in-depth interviews were conducted with HIV-infected women. Then an overview of the status of AIDS prevention and care facilities for women in South Africa was completed by means of interviews with key informants in medical, research and organisational settings. These studies highlighted the complexity of issues involved and confirmed the need for an approach which linked understanding to intervention. The main study aimed to explore the range and interplay of discursive themes which South African women drew on regarding AIDS, and the implications of their positioning in relation to these representations for AIDS interventions.
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Suwisith, Nongluck. "The lived experiences of people living with HIV infection." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1996. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/937.
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This phenomenological study was undertaken to describe the meaning of living with HIV infection. Descriptive phenomenology was utilised to investigate the lived experiences of persons who had human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV/ AIDS), describe common elements, themes or patterns of lived experiences of persons with HIV / AIDS, and analyse the meaning of lived experiences of persons with HIV/ AIDS. Twelve Australians, experiencing HIV infection and participating in the community support groups in Perth, volunteered as participants. Two participated in the pilot study. The other ten participants were interviewed individually for the main study. Intensive open-end questions pertaining to the experiences of living with HIV infection were asked during interviews which were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using Colaizzi's (1978) method of analysis. Significant statements were gathered and clustered into themes. Validity and reliability was confirmed during data analysis. The phenomenon of living with HIV infection emerged as experiences of social discrimination, emotional disturbances, changes, losses, suicide attempts, and dealing with the difficulties. The experiences of living with HIV were influenced by chronic illness, terminal illness, and social stigmatisation towards people with HIV. Roy's (1984) Adaptation Model was utilised as a second level for analysis. The Model was able to be applied to explain the experiences of living with IDV to a certain degree. Human responses to a variety of situations showed similar patterns in people living with HIV infection.
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Ali, Mukhtar Santhat Sermsri. "Preventive behavior of Mahidol University students on HIV infection and AIDS /." Abstract, 2000. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2543/43E-Mukhtar-Alii.pdf.
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Scott, James Cobb. "Script generation and multitasking in HIV-1 infection implications for everyday functioning /." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3354893.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 16, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-130).
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Cunliffe, Nigel Andrew. "Viral gastroenteritis in children with and without HIV infection in Blantyre, Malawi." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343714.
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Tappin, David Michael. "Prevalence of HIV infection in childbearing women in Scotland : a project testing inborn errors screening cards for HIV-1 antibodies." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338468.
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Devito, Claudia. "Functional properties of antibodies in resistance against HIV-1 infection /." Stockholm : [Karolinska institutets bibl.], 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-150-0.
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Ramaley, Patricia A. "Host genetics of HIV-1 infection and disease progression in Uganda." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365714.
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Ståhl, Martinsson Malin, and Linda Ingemarsson. "Arbetsterapi för personer med HIV/AIDS : Occupational therapy for persons with HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Health Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-747.
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Bakgrund: Varje dag smittas i genomsnitt cirka 14 000 personer av HIV i världen. Ny behandling har gjort att dessa patienter idag lever längre. Sjukdomsförlopp samt komplikationer går inte att förutsäga utan är individuellt. Eftersom personer med HIV/AIDS-diagnos nu lever längre kommer behovet av arbetsterapeutiska insatser att öka. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva arbetsterapeutiska insatser för personer med HIV/AIDS samt vilken roll arbetsterapeuten har i arbetet kring dessa personer. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie gjordes för att få svar på syftet. Resultat: Vi har kommit fram till att arbetsterapeutiska insatser för personer med HIV/AIDS kan delas in i fem teman; Handledning, Hjälpmedel och anpassning, Undervisning, Förhållningssätt samt Existentiella frågor och andlighet. Arbetsterapeuten hjälper patienten att formulera målsättningar och att uppnå ökad självständighet genom att bland annat tillhandahålla hjälpmedel och bedriva utbildning. HIV/AIDS-patienters bakgrund är viktig att tänka på då den kan visa hur mottaglig en patient är för olika arbetsterapeutiska behandlingsmetoder. Slutsats: Arbetsterapeutiska insatser som används i arbetet med HIV/AIDS-patienter skiljer sig inte mot insatser riktade till andra patientgrupper.
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Van, den Berg Dirk Nicolaas. "Contextual factors affecting adolescents' risk for HIV/AIDS infection implications for education /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03172005-121034/.
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Mumba, Chibale K. "Mathematical modelling and analysis of HIV/AIDS and trichomonas vaginalis co-infection." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65185.
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Deterministic models for the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS and trichomonas vaginalis
(TV) in a human population are formulated and analysed. The models which
assumed standard incidence formulations are shown to have globally asymptotically stable
(GAS) disease-free equilibria whenever their associated reproduction number is less
than unity. Furthermore, both models possess a unique endemic equilibrium that is GAS
whenever the associated reproduction number is greater than unity. An extended model
for the co-infection of TV and HIV in a human population is also designed and rigorously
analysed. The model is shown to exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation,
where a stable disease-free equilibrium (DFE) co-exists with a stable endemic equilibrium
whenever the associated reproduction number is less than unity. This phenomenon can be
removed by assuming that the co-infection of individuals with HIV and TV is negligible.
Furthermore, in the absence of co-infection, the DFE of the model is shown to be GAS
whenever the associated reproduction number is less than unity. This study identifies
a sufficient condition for the emergence of backward bifurcation in the model, namely
TV-HIV co-infection. The endemic equilibrium point is shown to be GAS (for a special
case) when the associated reproduction number is greater than unity. Numerical simulations
of the model, using initial and demographic data, show that increased incidence of
TV in a population increases HIV incidence in the population. It is further shown that
control strategies, such as treatment, condom-use and counselling of individuals with TV
symptoms, can lead to the effective control or elimination of HIV in the population if
their effectiveness level is high enough.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
DST-NRF SARChI Chair in Mathematical Models and Methods in Biosciences and Bioengineering (M3B2)
Mathematics and Applied Mathematics
MSc
Unrestricted
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Bakhoum, Atef. "HIV/AIDS, hepatitis and sexually-transmitted infection prevention among Egyptian substance users." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/59677/.
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This thesis explores cultural influences in high-risk behaviour among Egyptian substance users in the Middle Eastern, conservative, male-dominated and predominantly Muslim society in which they live. It investigates why they practice unprotected sex despite the risk of infection by blood-borne viruses (BBVs) and sexually-transmitted infections (STIs), and the factors influencing their risk practices. The study seeks to inform policy and to improve methods of preventing BBVs/STIs among Egyptian substance users, particularly through health/sex education in peer groups and schools and through the media, civil society organisations and the criminal justice system. Data was collected via a questionnaire surveying the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of 410 substance users. Responses were compared according to the gender, age and education of the respondents and whether they took their drugs via intravenous injection. Four focus group discussions were held with twenty-four substance users, including female commercial sex workers (FCSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), intravenous drug users (IVDUs), and people living with HIV (PLHIV), as well as in-depth interviews with fourteen policymakers. Most respondents had little or moderate knowledge about the hepatitis C and/or B viruses and little knowledge about HIV or its association with sex and drug injection. Knowledge about risky sexual behaviour connected with BBV/STI infection among substance users was low. The respondents’ attitudes and practices regarding sex and intravenous drug use indicated that they were at high risk of infection. They had negative attitudes towards PLHIV, towards each other in the substance-user population and towards other overlapping subgroups of most-at-risk populations (MARPs), i.e. FCSWs, MSM and IVDUs. Respondents with higher education and older people were found to have greater knowledge of safer sex practices. Males and IVDUs had significantly higher scores for KAP regarding IV drug use than females and non-IVDUs. The females’ KAP regarding safe sex tended to be better than that of the males. Stigma, gender and religion had a significant influence on substance use and sexual behaviour. These three factors embedded in the culture form a taboo about drugs and sex, impair substance users’ quality of life and deprive them, especially the females, of their rights, including the rights to education, employment, medical treatment, marriage and children. These factors also affect the substance users’ families, the judiciary system, healthcare institutions and society at large. HIV-related stigmatisation was greater than that for other BBVs/STIs. HIV-related stigmatisation with regard to infection via gay sex was greater than that due to heterosexual sex or IV drug use. The media potentiates the stigmatisation of substance users and PLHIV by showing negatives images of these groups, causing them to suffer strongly from public shaming, desertion, seclusion, imprisonment and unemployment. Recovery is harder for female than for male substance users due to the harsher stigmatisation. Religion plays a pivotal role in Egyptians’ lives, and most of the participants were fatalists. The participants said that they would prefer the following preventive interventions: a) sex education programmes to be introduced in drug rehabilitation programmes, police stations and prisons; b) the launch of opioid substitution therapy programmes in drug detoxification centres; c) police referral of arrested active substance users to drug detoxification and rehabilitation centres; d) a free rehabilitation service for poor and illiterate substance users; e) a greater number of wide-ranging rehabilitation programmes for MARPs.
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Zhang, Xinjian. "HIV/AIDS relative survival analysis." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07262007-123251/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Gengsheng (Jeff) Qin, committee chair; Ruiguang (Rick) Song, Xu Zhang, Yu-Sheng Hsu, committee members. Electronic text (79 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 16, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-42).
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Currie, Peter Fox. "The cardiovascular manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome : prevalence, prognosis and pathogenesis." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287717.
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The main aim of the work presented in this thesis was to delineate the natural history and pathogenesis of HIV related heart muscle disease. Additional studies examined the influence of HIV infection on the risk and course of infective endocarditis. Two hundred and ninety-six HIV positive adults were examined by echocardiography in a four year prospective study. Abnormal cardiac function was identified in 14.8%. Dilated cardiomyopathy was present in 4.4% borderline left ventricular dysfunction in 6.4% and isolated right ventricular dysfunction in 4%. Dilated cardiomyopathy was strongly associated with reduced survival compared to those with normal hearts (median survival from diagnosis 101 days, compared to 472 days for those with structurally normal hearts). A newly developed ELISA for anti α-myosin autoantibodies revealed abnormal results in 43% of patients with HIV heart muscle disease, 19% of HIV positive patients with normal hearts and 3% of HIV negative controls. Cardiac specific autoantibodies were also more common in HIV positive patients. Autoimmunity may therefore be important in the pathogenesis of HIV related heart muscle disease. There were no significant socio-economic differences between the HIV positive patients with and without heart disease or the lifestyle matched HIV negative controls studied but mean serum selenium was 33% lower in the HIV positive individuals. Similar differences in toenail (15% lower) and myocardial (17% lower) levels and glutathione peroxidase (15% lower) were also found, but there were no specific differences between patients with and without cardiac abnormalities. Mean α- and γ- tocopherol and α- and β- carotene levels were significantly reduced in our HIV positive patient group, compared to the local HIV negative population, but similar differences existed in a socio-economically matched group of HIV negative drug users. Intravenous drug use was the most important risk factor for the development of the condition.
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Urassa, Willy Shileanga Kikoka. "HIV-1 infection in Tanzania : HIV antibody testing strategies and lymphocyte subset determinations /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-530-1.
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Hejdeman, Bo. "Studies on medical and immunological interventions in HIV-1 infection /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-019-2/.
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Smed, Sörensen Anna. "On the role of dendritic cells in HIV-1 infection /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-052-4/.
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Rhodes, Tim. "Sexual safety in a time of risk : self, health and HIV positivity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341886.
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Cullen, Christine. "Understanding misperceptions about HIV and AIDS." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2006. http://thesis.haverford.edu/154/01/2006CullenCEconomics.pdf.
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Ejigu, Amsalework Ayele. "Mathematical modelling of HIV/AIDS transmission under treatment structured by age of infection." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6628.
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Thesis (MSc (Mathematical Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.Includes bibliography.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis takes into account the different levels of infectiousness of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals throughout their period of infection. Infectiousness depends on the time since infection. It is high shortly after the infection occurs and then much lower for several years, and thereafter a higher plateau is reached before the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) phase sets in. In line with this, we formulated a mathematical model which is structured according to the age of infection. To understand the dynamics of the disease, we first discuss and analyse a simple model in which the age of infection is not considered, but progression of the HIV-AIDS transmission is taken into consideration by introducing three stages of infection. Analysis of these models tells us that the disease can be eradicated from the population only if on average one infected individual infects less than one person in his or her infectious period, otherwise the disease persists. To investigate the reduction of the number of infections caused by a single infectious individual to less than one, we introduce different treatment strategies for a model which depends on the age of infection, and we analyse it numerically. Current strategies amount to introducing treatment only at a late stage of infection when the infected individual has already lived through most of the infectious period. From our numerical results, this strategy does not result in eradication of the disease, even though it does reduce the burden for the individual. To eradicate the disease from the population, everyone would need to be HIV tested regularly and undergo immediate treatment if found positive.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis hou rekening met die verskillende aansteeklikheidsvlakke van die menslike immuniteitsgebreksvirus (MIV) deur besmette individue gedurende hulle aansteeklikheidstydperk. Die graad van aansteeklikheid hang af van die tydperk sedert infeksie. Dit is hoog kort nadat die infeksie plaasvind en daarna heelwat laer vir etlike jare, en dan volg n hoer plato voordat uiteindelik die Verworwe-Immuniteitsgebreksindroom (VIGS) fase intree. In ooreenstemming hiermee, formuleer ons n wiskundige model van MIV-VIGSoordrag met n struktureer waarin die tydperk sedert infeksie bevat is. Om die dinamika van die siekte te verstaan, bespreek en analiseer ons eers n eenvoudige model sonder inagneming van die tydperk sedert infeksie, terwyl die progressie van MIV-VIGS-oordrag egter wel in ag geneem word deur die beskouing van drie stadiums van infeksie. Analise van die modelle wys dat die siekte in die bevolking slegs uitgeroei kan word as elke besmette mens gemiddeld minder as een ander individu aansteek gedurende die tydperk waarin hy of sy self besmet is, anders sal die siekte voortduur. Vir die ondersoek oor hoe om die aantal infeksies per besmette individu tot onder die waarde van een te verlaag, beskou ons verskeie behandelingsstrategiee binne die model, wat afhang van die tydperk sedert infeksie, en ondersoek hulle numeries. Die huidige behandelingstrategiee kom neer op behandeling slegs gedurende die laat sta- dium van infeksie, wanneer die besmette individu reeds die grootste deel van die aansteeklikheidsperiode deurleef het. Ons numeriese resultate toon dat hierdie strategie nie lei tot uitroeiing van die siekte nie, alhoewel dit wel die las van die siekte vir die individu verminder. Om die siekte binne die bevolking uit te roei, sou elkeen gereeld vir MIV getoets moes word en indien positief gevind, dadelik met behandeling moes begin.
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Wallace, Charles Edward. "AIDS/HIV infection prevention interventions : the experiences and perceptions of gay Black men /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Annor, Francis Boateng. "An Examination of the Association between HIV-related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors and HIV Infection Status in Ghana." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/128.
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The reduction in HIV prevalence in Ghana has been attributed to the increased awareness about the disease which has significantly caused changes in behavior to reduce the people’s risk of HIV infection. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of some selected demographics variables on HIV-related knowledge, attitude and behavior and also to examine the effect of HIV related knowledge, attitude and behavior on HIV serostatus in Ghana. Using data from Demographic Health Survey on Ghana for 2003, binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. The results indicated that increasing educational level, increasing wealth and residing in the urban areas were all significantly associated with high HIV knowledge, positive attitude and the practice of less risky sexual behavior. The results also showed that HIV negative individuals were more likely to have higher HIV knowledge, have negative attitude towards people living with HIV and to practice less risky sexual behaviors though none of these was statistically significant.
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Georges, Yves Marie Dominique. "HIV/AIDS in Haiti. An Analysis of Demographics, Lifestyle, STD Awareness, HIV Knowledge and Perception that Influence HIV Infection among Haitians." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/172.
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Introduction
Haiti has the highest prevalence of HIV infection in Latina America and the Caribbean. The country faces the worst AIDS epidemic outside Africa and bears the greatest burden of HIV in the western hemisphere. Studies in the past recent years show that HIV/AIDS is most likely to be seen in developed countries. People with low education level and appropriate knowledge about STD’s are more susceptible to get HIV. Lifestyle behaviors represent significant factors in HIV transmission. Understandings these lifestyle factors are therefore critical in reversing the increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the influence of factors such as demographic, lifestyle, HIV knowledge and misconceptions on HIV transmission.
Statistical analysis
For this study, we use SPSS (PAWS Statistics 18). The prevalence of HIV-AIDS via HIV status was determined across socio-demographic variables, respondents’ knowledge and misconception regarding HIV/AIDS, STDs awareness and lifestyle. The distribution of categorical variables across levels of dependent variable was analyzed using chi-square tests. All Analyses were stratified across HIV status. The distribution of categorical variables by levels of HIV/AIDS status was determined using one-way analysis of variance. Chi-square analysis was done to determine the distribution of independents across status of dependent variable. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between selected life style factors and HIV/AIDS. Odds ratios from the logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the risks of HIV/AIDS that were associated with life style factors. In all analysis, P< .05 was used to determine statistical significance among variables. Stepwise analysis was performed to evaluate the most significant variables that are associated with HIV.
Results
Among demographic variables, only age was reported having negative significant contribution in HIV status. The other variables, including residence, education, marital status, economic status and gender were not significantly associated with increased odds of HIV transmission. Significant association was observed for HIV status and respondents “who have ever been tested for HIV”. Odd ratio analysis for people who think “avoiding prostitutes” show significant association with HIV status (7%) compared to those who do not; Variables referring to respondents who think “having only one sex partner” and “Limited number of partners” as a way to protect themselves from getting HIV were negatively associated increased risk of HIV. Those who think HIV/AIDS is by witchcraft ware more likely to have positive HIV status. Stepwise analysis for our significant variables from multivariate logistic regression show that only variables referring to young respondents and those who think they can get AIDS by witchcraft are the most significant for a positive HIV status.
Discussion
Recent epidemiologic data show that the HIV infection in Haiti is mostly concentrated among youth. Young Haitians lack of sexual education and awareness, and misconceptions are the main drivers of HIV risks. To avert the increasing epidemic of HIV/AIDS in Haiti, public health efforts must concentrate in youth education. Such education must emphasize sexual behaviors, lifestyle issues and attitudes. Demystifying the widely held view that HIV is due to witchcraft may also help in reversing the ongoing epidemics of HIV/AIDS in Haiti.
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Bakari, Muhammad. "The natural history of HIV-1 infection and preparations for HIV vaccine trials in Tanzania /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-908-4/.
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Chambers, Anthony James St Vincent's Hospital UNSW. "The surgical management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. St. Vincent's Hospital, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19367.
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Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major cause of morbidity and death globally, and the number of individuals infected with this virus is increasing in many nations. Advanced HIV infection causes immunocompromise that predisposes to opportunistic infections and malignancies that characterise the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although the management of many of these AIDS-associated infections and malignancies is by medical means, surgeons play an important role the diagnosis and management of many of these conditions. Furthermore, patients with HIV infection may present with surgical disorders or traumatic injuries that are not related to HIV or AIDS. Health care workers managing patients with HIV infection and AIDS, particularly those involved in performing invasive procedures, are at risk of exposure to this virus in infected blood and body fluids. St. Vincent's hospital, Sydney, is a teaching hospital and major treatment centre for patients with HIV infection and AIDS located in the inner-eastern suburbs of Sydney. Patients with HIV infection who underwent surgical procedures at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1990 to 1999 were retrospectively reviewed in order to describe the nature of the operative procedures required in the management of these patients. There were 636 patients with documented infection with HIV who underwent 889 surgical procedures at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1990 to 1999. The number of procedures performed for patients with known HIV infection was increasing during this period. Patients with HIV infection accounted for 1.1% of all surgical procedures performed at this institution during this period. The proportion of total operative cases that patients with known HIV infection represented was seen to be increasing during this period. Surgical procedures were performed during only a small proportion of admissions of patients with HIV infection to St. Vincent's hospital for this period (2.4% of these admissions). The patients were predominantly males in younger age groups. Anorectal procedures for the local treatment of benign conditions were the most common procedures performed for these patients, followed by procedures for the insertion or removal of long-term vascular access devices and other minor general surgical procedures. A large proportion of procedures were performed as day surgery cases (30%). Only a small proportion of cases were for the management of traumatic conditions (3%). A large proportion of patients with HIV infection (26%) underwent more than one procedure during this period, with anorectal disorders a common cause of repeat surgical admission. The operative findings after 498 surgical procedures performed for 360 patients with documented HIV infection during the period 1995 to 1999 were retrospectively reviewed. The number of cases in which AIDS-defining conditions were encountered were recorded, and varied according to the types of procedures performed. Overall, seventy AIDS-defining conditions were found at operation during sixty-five procedures (13% of all procedures for patients with HIV infection). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was the most frequently encountered AIDS-defining disorder found at operation, accounting for 41% of such conditions. Kaposi's sarcoma was the next most frequently encountered condition, accounting for 20% of cases followed by cytomegalovirus infection (11%). Procedures in which AIDS-defining conditions were commonly encountered included neurosurgical procedures (20 of 36 procedures were for AIDS-defining conditions), particularly stereotactic brain biopsy. Lymph node excision biopsies had AIDS-defining pathologies seen in 18 of 26 cases, particularly non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AIDS-defining conditions were diagnosed in only 4% of anorectal procedures, with anal squamous cell malignant lesions a far more frequently observed disorder (diagnosed in 11% of cases). The clinical details of all patients who met the clinical criteria for AIDS who underwent midline laparotomy at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1987 to 1998 were retrospectively examined. Thirty patients with AIDS underwent thirty laparotomies during this period. AIDS-defining conditions were found at fourteen procedures (47%). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was found in eleven of these laparotomies, Kaposi's sarcoma in two and cytomegalovirus in one. In nine of the patients with AIDS-defining conditions, the post-operative diagnosis was different to that expected pre-operatively. Patients with AIDS-defining conditions found at laparotomy had significantly lower serum albumin concentrations and body weight compared with those with more conventional surgical diagnoses. There was no difference in CD4 T-lymphocyte counts, the number of patients with a history of AIDS-defining conditions or the duration of HIV infection between these two groups. Patients with AIDS-defining conditions diagnosed at laparotomy required significantly longer post-operative hospital stays compared to those with other causes, although there was no difference in the incidence of post-operative complications or deaths occurring in these two groups. There was a high number of patients with post-operative complications seen after laparotomy (thirty-two complications in twenty-one patients; 70% of all patients). Chest infections, systemic sepsis and wound infections were the most frequently encountered post-operative complications. Five deaths occurred within thirty days of operation (17% of patients), and were due to overwhelming systemic sepsis in four cases and from blood loss and coagulopathy in one. The number and the nature of the complications and deaths occurring in patients with AIDS undergoing laparotomy at St. Vincent's hospital is in keeping with previously published reports from other centres. The clinical details of patients with documented HIV infection who underwent biliary tract procedures at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1989 to 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. Eighteen patients with HIV (fourteen of which met the clinical criteria for AIDS) underwent cholecystectomy; ten for cholecystitis secondary to gallstones, one for mucocoele of the gallbladder due to obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone and seven for acalculous cholecystitis. Biliary tract procedures accounted for 24% of all abdominal procedures during this period. Patients were mostly male and in a relatively young age range. Cytomegalovirus infection was found in five cases of acalculous cholecystitis, Cryptosporidia in five and Microsporidia in two. A significantly greater proportion of patients with acalculous cholecystitis had a history of AIDS, and these patients had lower CD4 T-lymphocyte counts, compared with those patients with cholelithiasis. There was no statistical difference in the length of hospital admission or number of complications occurring in these two groups. Patients who had cholecystectomy performed as an elective procedure (n=7) were compared with those who had this procedure performed during admission for acute cholecystitis (n=11), and had a significantly lower duration of post-operative hospital stay. There was no difference in the number of complications occurring in these two groups. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in eight patients, and was not associated with a significant difference in hospital admission duration or incidence of complications when compared with the ten patients who underwent open cholecystectomy. The medical records of all patients presenting to St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1994 to 1998 with major penetrating wounds (gunshot wounds and stab wounds to the trunk or neck) were retrospectively examined to determine the number of such patients with a documented history of infection with HIV or hepatitis C virus (HCV), or with risk factors for these infections. Of the 148 patients with major penetrating wounds who were managed at St. Vincent??s hospital during this period, 5.4% had documented infection HCV and 1.3% with HIV. Risk factors were documented in thirty-one individuals (21%), with injecting drug use the most commonly recorded (19%). Individuals infected with HIV represent a substantial workload for surgical specialists at St. Vincent's hospital. Surgical procedures were an uncommon cause of admission for patients with HIV infection, but were important in the diagnosis and management of many AIDS-associated conditions and were increasing in number. AIDS-defining conditions accounted for only a small proportion of operative interventions in patients with HIV infection. Surgical procedures required in the management of patients with HIV infection encompassed a broad range of surgical specialties and types of procedures. AIDS-associated opportunistic infections and malignancy were frequently the cause of abdominal procedures in patients with HIV and AIDS. The number of patients with known HIV infection who present for elective and emergency surgical procedures, as well as the high prevalence of documented HIV and HCV in patients with major penetrating wounds at St. Vincent's hospital, reinforces the need for all health care workers to practice strict universal precautions against body fluid exposure at all times.
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Carvalho, Flávia Lopes. "CO-INFECÇÃO POR Leishmania sp. EM INDIVÍDUOS VIVENDO COM HIV/Aids." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2009. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1129.
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Previous issue date: 2009-11-18Co-infection Leishmania-HIV/Aids is a serious public health problem in almost of the world. The visceral leishmaniasis is the clinical form of leishmaniosis hat is most associated with HIV/Aids cases being the co-infection understated, since the leishmaniasis is not AIDS-defining illness. This was a descriptive cross sectional study from March 2006 to December 2008, aiming to investigate the occurrence of co-infection Leishmania-HIV in individuals living with HIV/Aids in a Reference Center in São Luís-MA. The population studied was composed of 287 individuals. It was used a questionnaire to collect demographic, epidemiological and socioeconomic data. The physical examination was performed and biological material for detection of infection by Leishmania chagasi was collected by indirect immunofluorescence technique (IIFT), and laboratory tests (blood count, CD4 and CD8, viral load, myelography) were found in charts. We used the chi-square test to assess association of demographic, socioeconomic and epidemiological variables between women and men, whereas p ≥ 0.05 for significance. Women and men had a statistically significant difference in color, destination of waste, occupation and family income. The presence of pen and near the residence showed statistically significant differences when comparing men and women. The prevalence of infection with Leishmania sp, detected by Montenegro Skin Test (MST) was 1,4%. All co-infected showed RIFI and as well as the bone marrow aspirate (myelogram) positives. This study helped identify the magnitude of the prevalence of co-infection Leishmania/HIV. Thus, we suggest that the anti-Leishmania has to be part of the differential diagnosis of individuals with HIV / AIDS and those public policies are increased for this problem.
A co-infecção Leishmania-HIV/Aids é um sério problema de saúde pública em quase todo o mundo. A Leishmaniose Visceral é a forma clínica das leishmanioses que está mais associada ao HIV/Aids, sendo os casos de co-infecção considerados subestimados, uma vez que, a leishmaniose não se constitui doença definidora de Aids. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal de março de 2006 a dezembro de 2008, com o objetivo de investigar a ocorrência de co-infecção Leishmania-HIV em indivíduos convivendo com HIV/Aids, atendidas em um Centro de Referência em São Luís-MA. A população do estudo foi constituída por 287 indivíduos. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de um questionário para a obtenção de dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e epidemiológicos, bem como foi realizado exame físico e coleta de material biológico para detecção da infecção por Leishmania sp , por meio da Intradermorreação de Montenegro (IDRM), Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e os exames laboratoriais (hemograma, contagem de CD4 e CD8, carga viral, mielograma) foram consultados nos prontuários. Através do teste qui-quadrado foi avaliado as variáveis demográficos, socioeconômicas e epidemiológicas entre mulheres e homens convivendo com HIV/Aids, considerando p ≥ 0,05 de significância. Houve diferença estatística significante na cor da pele, no destino dos dejetos, na ocupação e na renda familiar; como também na presença de chiqueiro em local próximo à residência. A prevalência da infecção por Leishmania sp detectada pela Intradermorreação de Montenegro (IDRM) foi de 1,4% e a prevalência da co-infecção Leishmania-HIV/Aids foi de 4,2%. Todos os co-infectados apresentaram RIFI e o aspirado de medula óssea (mielograma) positivos. Este estudo permitiu conhecer a magnitude da prevalência da co-infecção Leishmania/HIV. Assim, sugerimos que o teste anti-Leishmania seja realizado em todos os indivíduos com HIV/Aids, e que sejam incrementadas políticas públicas voltadas para essa problemática.
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Porter, Kholoud. "The UK register of HIV seroconverters : estimating the times from HIV seroconversion to the development of AIDS and death and associated factors from a cohort of HIV seroconverters." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287219.
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Powell, Megan Olivia. "Mathematical Models of the Activated Immune System During HIV Infection." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1301415627.
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Atem, Jude N. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Productively Infects Mature Terminally Differentiated Eosinophils in HIV/AIDS Patients." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1208724964.
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Tang, Hing-cheung, and 鄧慶璋. "Syphilis co-infection with HIV/AIDS : study of a local cohort in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206941.
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Background
In the recent decade resurgence of syphilis was noted in a global scale, especially in high-risk communities like men who have sex with men (MSM) and commercial sex workers (CSW). Syphilis co-infection is important in people living with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) because of their similar transmission routes, mutual interactions at pathophysiology level, relation to socioeconomic factors and public health implications.
Methods
Retrospective analysis of syphilis co-infections among the HIV/AIDS patients who have been under the care of the AIDS Clinical Service, Queen Elizabeth Hospital of Hong Kong which has served as a tertiary referral center since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. Details of syphilis co-infection including their clinical stages on diagnosis, evidence of central nervous system (CNS) invasion and recurrence were analyzed.
Results
In the 1,567 subjects studied 223 (14.2%) had HIV/syphilis co-infection. There are significantly more MSM in the HIV/syphilis co-infected group (P < 0.001). Among the coinfected, 111 (49.8%) had undiagnosed and untreated syphilis at the time of HIV/AIDS diagnosis. Sixty two subjects (27.8%) acquired syphilis as totally new infections after followed up for HIV/AIDS, with a median time of 284.6 weeks (range 3.7-862.3 weeks). Twenty subjects (9.0%) showed evidence of neurosyphilis on cerebrospinal fluid study. Thirty two (14.3%) had recurrent syphilis infections and more than 80% of them occurred in MSM. The total follow up duration was 8616.58 person-years. By Poisson regression, the adjusted total syphilis incidence was 7.07 cases per 100 person-years. MSM had the highest syphilis incidence of 20.25 cases per 100 person-years. In addition syphilis incidence in MSM recruited after the year 2000 was higher than those MSM recruited before. When Comparing subjects with HIV infection diagnosed before 2000 with those having HIV infection diagnosed after 2000, latter have higher cumulative incidence of first syphilis events (P < 0.001). Using Cox regression analysis, MSM (hazard ratio 3.26, 95% CI 1.93 – 5.51, P < 0.0005), bisexual contact (hazard ratio 2.95, 95% CI 1.49 – 5.82, P < 0.005) and infection with HIV-1 subtype B (hazard ratio 1.65, 95% CI 1.08 – 2.53, P = 0.02) were associated with development of first event of syphilis infection during follow up.
Conclusions
The result of this study corresponded to the global trend of HIV/syphilis syndemic. New and recurrent syphilis infections continued to appear after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation. MSM, bisexual subjects and infection by HIV-1 subtype B were risk factors for syphilis events. MSM contained the highest syphilis burden. Urgent attention and measures are needed to target syphilis and HIV infection in the Hong Kong MSM population.published_or_final_version
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Master of Public Health
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Smallman-Raynor, Matthew R. "Geographical aspects of AIDS : pattern, process and spatial scale in HIV infection and disease." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239202.
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