Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aide au suicide – Europe'
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Ishac, Wadiaa. "Mettre fin à la vie Entre Europe & USA. : étude juridico - éthique, Europe & Etats-Unis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLP011.
Full textOur study on end-of-life issues followed four distinct phases: an analysis of end-of-life legislations in Europe and the United States, a study of relevant European and American cases, an exploration of Christian standards regarding suffering and suicide, and an analysis of secular moral standards concerning these subjects. Subsequently, we found that even the most progressive laws currently in force regarding the right to choose one's end of life have shortcomings, especially concerning the assessment of mental suffering. However, they have the merit of recognizing the unbearable physical pain of individuals at the end of life, without hope of recovery. In fact, this recognition has been catalyzed by court decisions addressing various cases. Consequently, it appears that favoring a case-by-case approach regarding end-of-life issues is more appropriate. This approach allows for a more careful consideration of individual circumstances as well as specific existential beliefs of each individual
Joncas, Dany. "La renaissance du paradigme athénien : le cas de la légalisation de l'aide au suicide." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textYahia-Berrouiguet, Sofian. "Santé connectée et prévention du suicide : vers une aide à la décision." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0123/document.
Full textSuicide prevention research faces specific challenges related to characteristics of suicide attempts and attempters. The design of powerful suicide prevention studies is especially challenging. Suicide attempters have been described as poorly adhering to long term treatment, and organizing such interventions from the emergency department can be difficult. While approximately one third of those who attempt suicide seek treatment for their injuries from hospital emergency department, a previous SA is a strong precursor of suicide-related premature death. The post-discharge period constitutes a critical challenge for emergency and mental health care services both in the short- and long-terms. Given these issues, there has been growing interest in assessing the efficacy of interventions that focus on maintaining post-discharge contact and offering re-engagement with health care services to suicide attempters. Suicide risk assessment usually rely on brief medical visit and does not report the evolution of this risk after the patient discharge. However, the reattempt risk is still high several months after the initial attempt. In these setting, long term suicide prevention of at risk subjects are challenging. Thanks to recent technological advances, electronic health (eHealth) data collection strategies now can provide access to real-time patient self-report data during the interval between visits. The extension of the clinical assessment to the patient environment and data processing using data mining will support medical decision making
Lavoie, Madeleine. "La mort sur demande : de la revendication du droit aux fondements éthiques et juridiques." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Find full textLombardo, Jean-Claude Angelo. "La pauvreté en Europe." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21003.
Full textAccording to some anthropologists poverty exists neither in primitive nor in gift based societies because it is integrated. The phenomenon appears in Israel from the tenth century BC as a result of an expropriation process of some farmers. Gradually, societies have developed while remaining dependent on natural conditions ; these societies were often at the origin of an obvious poverty but societal assistance rendered this poverty bearable and acceptable by the community. With trade development allowing the nations to have imports of precious metals, thus facilitating leur industrial development, a large working force becomes necessary. Moreover, technical developments which improve agricultural production and the expropriations lead to the emergence of an overpopulation. With industrial development, the wage system becomes the dominant form of social organization and mass poverty is really born out of this organization. Poverty becomes part of economic and social regulation. The Clasical Liberal analysis imposes itself in the nineteenth century. However, with the accumulation of social struggles, the socialist and especially Marxist thought makes its way and the law renders the wage organization more human until the development of a social protection. The construction of social status out of stable employment supplies the conditions for a reduction of poverty and the development of a certain well-being. The Keynesian society imposes itself. However, faced with the saturation of domestic markets and an industrialization longing to conquer foreign markets, the demand for competitiveness of entreprises is no longer oriented towards the improvement of living conditions determined by employment. The liberal analysis takes over. A certain social deconstruction takes place especially through the reconsideration of stable employment. Mass poverty is thus inherent in the Market
Chastang, Françoise. "La mort choisie pour raison psychique ou existentielle : de l'autodétermination à la rencontre éthique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASR030.
Full textDeath chosen for psychic or existential reasons: from self-determination to ethical encounterPassionate debates on euthanasia and assisted suicide are a topical issue in Europe.The experience of neighboring countries, especially Belgium and the Netherlands, shows that a law on euthanasia or medically-assisted suicide makes possible active assistance in dying to people suffering from psychological disorders or for existential reasons, whether or not this was initially desired.Such an extension raises societal, clinical and ethical questions.This law can only take root in a society where attitudes to death and the way in which we conceive of our own death are changing. With the transgression of societal and ethical taboos, in what will be an unprecedented societal anthropological rupture, who will own death - society, the citizen or the doctor?From a clinical point of view, the question is how to reconcile such requests for assistance in dying with suicide prevention, especially as there is undoubtedly a great clinical proximity between suicidal patients and people requesting active assistance in dying for psychological reasons. How can we assess deeply subjective psychological suffering? How can we solve the problem of assessing discernment, which is often impaired by mental disorders? What role should psychiatry play in the face of severe and persistent mental disorders?Above all, such delicate issues have a major impact on the care of particularly vulnerable people, at a crucial time when psychiatry is facing a major structural crisis. A law on active assistance in dying will open the door to a profound paradigm shift in the doctor/patient relationship, for which an ethical reading will become essential
Mäkinen, Ilkka. "On suicide in European countries : some theoretical, legal and historical views on suicide mortality and its concomitants." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-48376.
Full textHärtill fyra uppsatser.
Demetry, Youstina. "Suicidal Ideation and Attempt Among Immigrants in Europe:A Literature Review." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-60761.
Full textJoncas, Dany. "La renaissance du paradigme athénien : le cas de la légalisation de l'aide au suicide." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0018/MQ46757.pdf.
Full textDebize, Dominique. "Choisir sa mort : nouvelle revendication sociale ou dangereux fantasme ? : état des lieux des pratiques, des jurisprudences et du débat en matière de fins de vie dans dix pays occidentaux." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082589.
Full textGarcía-Escribano, Martínez María Soledad. "L' aide publique bilatérale des Etats membres de l'Union européenne." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010333.
Full textRivest, Hélène. "Dignité et euthanasie : Peut-on justifier l'euthanasie et le suicide assisté au nom de la dignité humaine?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29140/29140.pdf.
Full textTinkova, Daniela. "Péché, crime ou folie ? Déicide, suicide, infanticide : la transformation de l'idée du crime et le processus de décriminalisation à l'époque des Lumières." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0104.
Full textThe doctoral thesis is devoted to the comparative analysis of the eighteenth century discourse focused on the issue of the crime. The evaluation of a ‘wrong’ deed as either a sin, crime or insanity is made on the grounds of inherited or adopted cultural values. The articulations of the complete value system – represented in legislative (penal) texts – are responsive to general social changes in legislative tradition. They can be seen in the transformation of the idea of crime in the period of Enlightenment especially under the strong influence of Cesare Beccaria; the Italian social scientist of the period. The structure of values represented in the various discourses of the learned societies of several European countries – France and the Habsbourg dominions, with a particular and detailed focusing on Bohemia and Tuscany – offered an excellent opportunity for comparative analysis. The body of the thesis is divided into three successive parts in which the comparative analysis is developed. In the first part, it is the theory that is discussed: 1st chapter: analysis of Habsbourg (including Tuscan and Lombardian), French, Prussian and Bavarian solutions of the crisis of the “monopole of violence”; 2nd chapter: the development of the concept of the crime between the era of natural lax and the period at which the first modern law codes were articulated and adopted in western and central Europe. The second and third parts deal with specific types of delict and their subsequent classification, eventual punishment and the decriminalization movement (chapter 3: Crimen lease Maiestatis Divinae and crimes against moral; chapter 4: blasphemy; chapter 5 : sacrilege and profanation; chapter 6: suicide; chapter 7: infanticide)
Bouaziz, Marie. "Protection de la vie et droit pénal médical." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0012.
Full textDue to the constant evolution of the science, doctors were obliged to resort to increasingly precise techniques which have enabled them to intervene in sensitive fields such as the beginning or the end of the Life. Consequently, the increase of doctors' power on the life of their patients has required the intervention of the criminal law into the medical sphere. Indeed, this intervention was essential in order to prevent the medical paternalism from becoming prejudicial to the respect of the right to life which is the mainstay of any society based on the respect of Human rights. The resort to the principle protecting human dignity will entitle to reconcile the different opposing interests. Not only does the protection of other people's life by the medical profession become a relative obligation instead of an absolute one, but the protection of an individual against himself will also tend to appear as a real right which can be opposable to the doctor
Frileux, Stéphanie. "Jugement d'acceptation du suicide médicalement assisté et de l'euthanasie selon le lien de familiarité avec le patient." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20056.
Full textObjectives: To discover what factors affect lay people's judgments of the acceptability of physician assisted suicide and euthanasia and how these factors interact, according to the identity of the patient concerned with this request for a life ending act. Design: Participants rated the acceptability of either physician assisted suicide or euthanasia for a set of patient vignettes with a five factor design that is, all combinations of patient's age; curability of illness; degree of suffering; patient's mental status, and extent of patient's requests for the procedure. Participants: Convenience sample of 396 French participants (five groups of different age). Main measurements: In accordance with the functional theory of cognition of N H ANDERSON, main effects, and interactions among patient factors and participants' characteristics were investigated by means of both graphs and ANOVA. Results: According to the type of procedure and the identity of the target concerned with the request for physician assisted suicide, the additive mode of combination is the same one, but use of information differs. Conclusions: People's judgments concur with legislation to require a repetition of patients' requests for a life ending act. Euthanasia was generally less acceptable than physician assisted suicide, which judged less acceptable when the situation concerned the spouse
Hocquard, Anita. "L'euthanasie volontaire : enquête sur une demande sociale socio-anthropologique." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010543.
Full textWhereas suicide is no longer prohibitted in France since the revolution, a somewhat not inconsiderable part of the population, following the example of what is claim outside its borders, demand the right to die. Better still, the right to be assisted in dying ;. How are we to understand suche a social claim? The question testifies to a further paradox : the individual actually appeals to social solidarity to escape through death the social and its solidarity. After picking out that voluntary death embodies the paradigm of all forms of extinction, decadence and other de-constructions (or ek-stases), the work shows the results of a survey that was led with the members of the association for the right to die with dignity. The qualitative and quantitative treatment of three thousand questionnaires allows us to draw up the sociological profile of this population. Following the exploitation of this material, further thought must be given to the right (what is licit vs what is due) and therfore, the power it calls upon (the bio-powel) or those it fights (the medical power, the therapeutic fury and the technics of emergency care). But could not the euthanasiac vindication be the visible side of a concealed necessity to disappear? This hypothesis is invalidated through the examination of health coast and the social and economical burden entailed by old age. Similary, if the claim may seem to amount to a denial of death, (through shortening the dying process) a close examination appears to avert as it were, not death itself but the blemish epitomized by the indiscernable state between life and death. Above the repeatedly acknowledged fear of decay induces a reflection on shame and intimacy (the social preservation of secret). Euthanasia is always requested in the name of (social) dignity. The claimants might henceforth socially comes out of society. This sacrifical-like reciprocical action ; thus opens onto genuine + allagmatics ; in which life and death, the individual and its society are exchanged
Mergl, Roland, Nicole Koburger, Katharina Heinrichs, András Székely, Mónika Ditta Tóth, James Coyne, Sónia Quintão, et al. "What are reasons for the large gender differences in the lethality of suicidal acts?" Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-175585.
Full textSaglio-Rossini, Sophie. "Les mécanismes d'ajustement par le marché du travail en Union Monétaire : une comparaison Europe-Etats-Unis." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131017.
Full textAdjustement mechanisms through the labour market are studied following two approches. First, relative flexibility is analysed with simplified multinational macro-econometric model estimated for 14 European countries. Model simulations are used to study the consequences of asymmetric and asymmetric shoks ; wages and employement flexibility only allows an uncompleted and very slow (beyond ten years) re-equilibrium. The labour mobility is then studied with a modelling of a migration-prices-wages-employment model applied to the American economy divided into four regions. The simulations confirm that prices relative flexibility allows limited adjustements facing demand and supply shoks concerning a specific region. The labour mobility plays indeed a re-equilibrium role, but it remains very reduced
Bardou-Boisnier, Sylvie. "Communication et politiques d'aménagement du territoire régional : analyse comparative des régions Bade-Wurtemberg, Catalogne, Lombardie et Rhône-Alpes." Grenoble 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE39026.
Full textBernard, Sébastien Paul Léon. "Spécification d'un environnement d'ingénierie collaborative multisite : application à l'industrie aéronautique européenne." Paris, ENSAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENAM0029.
Full textThe research findings of this thesis lie within the scope of the implementation of Concurrent Engineering within the sector of the European Aeronautical Industry. These are the main theme of the European research project ENHANCE. First we establish that the Multisite Collaborative Engineering issue is the main aspect of the Concurrent Engineering concept. The COSITE objective was to implement the best adapted tools and associated methods to the aeronautical industry needs. Based on the study of best practices on collaboration situations, encountered by ENHANCE project partners, and based on a functional classification, we worked out a Multisite Collaborative Engineering environment specification approach. Because of the multiplicity of collaborative situations, there are no tools, available on the market, that cover all the required needs. That is why we developed a decision making tool which help the user determining the best environment which covers his proper needs. The development of this tool is based on an exhaustive evaluation criteria list that corresponds to the collaboration needs. Thus, thanks to this tool, it is possible to determine, whatever the collaborative case situation, the most adapted environment. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of the specification approach and of the decision making tool, we applied them on two different collaborative cases: unplanned meeting and planned meeting. The implementation of a remote review meeting room at Eurocopter was done. A feedback analysis, coming from users’ experience, has permitted us to validate the approach proposed in this thesis
Moullin, Benjamin. "Return Migration in Europe: "A comparative analysis of voluntary return's policies and practices in France and Sweden"." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21101.
Full textErnst, Christoph. "Le Mercosur et l'Union européenne : un rapprochement économique prometteur?" Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010033.
Full textThis thesis is analysing the economic relations between two customs unions which are distinguished by their development level, but which have close historical and cultural ties : the mercosur and the european union. The mercosur countries are regaining the interest of the industrialised countries because of the success of their economic reforms and of their regional integration process. Especially the european union is strengthening its ties with this region. There is even a project to create a free trade area between the two customs unions in the long run. The co-operation treaties between the eu and the mercosur countries have quantitatively, but also qualitatively improved. Now they are taking better in consideration the particularities of the mercosur countires. Nevertheless, the volume of the programs is by far too limited. The industrial development of the mercosur countries has not been sustained efficiently. Moreover, a great number of tariff and non-tariff barriers are hindering the reciprocal relations. The trade between the two economic blocs has seen a strong rise during the last years. It is marked by a strong complementarity (european exports of highly industrialised goods, mercosur exports of products of low transformation), but also by a high asymmetry (strong dynamism of european exports, low growth rates of mercosur exports). Apart from privatisation programs in argentina, european direct investments in the mercosur market have not been very dynamic recently. Nevertheless, europe has conserved its strong presence in its traditionally strong sectors as in chemistry, in mechanics and in the automobile sector. Now there are new investment projects concerning the privatisation program in brazil, and in dynamic sectors such as in the automobile and in the food sector. The economic rapprochement might continue in the next years. However, the rhythm of this rapprochement is strongly depending on the political determination of europe to continue on this path
Jean-Pierre, Philippe. "Diversité des dynamiques de convergence réelle des régions européennes : bilan empirique et éclairage théorique." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010011.
Full textThe road towards the european monetary union is not without setting the problem of the regional convergence process. This concern is all the more important that the empirical and theoretical contribution on european regions give ambigous results. The aim of this work is also double. Its first objective is to deep the empirical analysis of the catching up process of the european regions. Its second objective is to propose a theoretical framework which can improve the understanding of the previous results. These last show the diversity of the convergence processes which characterize the european regions and highlight the difficulties for lagging regions to catch-up with the middle gdp per capita of the European regions (part I). This result is confirmed by the analysis of the dynamic of growth of a region La Réunion, which is submitted to a special developing policy for more than forty years. This case study suggests also that the impact of public transfers, sent to La Réunion, on its growth is not as positive as we can believe (partie II). This concerns is supported by a theoretical analysis of the impact of transfers on the dynamic of growth of economies. Indeed, the construction of model of growth for european regions allows to show that similar regions, in terms of preference and technological parameters, can be characterized by different catching-up processes and that public tranfers produce indirect effects that can offset their initial positive effects on the growth and the catching-up process of the developing regions (partie III)
Horn, Ruth. "Le débat sur l'euthanasie et les pratiques en fin de vie en France et en Allemagne : une étude comparative." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0076.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to understand how the moral question of euthanasia emerges and is dealt with in society. It takes France and Germany as case studies of this; two countries in which euthanasia is prohibited and which have similar legislation on the issue. We suppose that each society has its own specificities in terms of practical, social and political norms that affect the ways in which they deal with these issues. This thesis thus seeks to understand how requests for the right to die emerge in society, through both the debate (analysis of documents) and the practices (ethnographic work in three French and two German hospitals) that elucidate it. It does so however without attempting to solve the moral question of euthanasia. In spite of the differences observed between these two countries, the central issue at stake in their respective debates is the question of the individual’s autonomy to choose the conditions in which he or she wishes to die
Cristescu, Juliette. "La coopération interterritoriale à travers l'exemple de la Roumanie." Rennes 2, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008351.
Full textThe European Union is in the twofold process of enlargment and deepening the communautary policies. Among them, the regional policy established a framework to transnational and crossborder co-operation. Since the social disparities are growing - the regional more than the national - we asume that such co-operation between different territories can be seen as a development tool. The objective of the research is then to appreciate the impact of interterritorial co-operation on development. Romania has been chosen for its particular position in Europe, both geographicaly and politicaly. Different case studies show the impact on some aspects of Romania's development and constitute the base of an evaluation method regarding programmes as well as projects
Deloche-Gaudez, Florence. "L'analyse de la politique de la Communauté européenne à l'égard des pays d'Europe centrale et orientale de juin 1988 à juin 1993 : une réflexion sur le caractère pluraliste de la construction européenne." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0032.
Full textThe thesis concentrates on the two main instruments of the European community policy (the phare programme and the Europe agreements) and on the six countries of Central and Eastern Europe benefiting from both of them in June 1993 (Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria). The formulation and the implementation of this policy are studied in order better to understand the workings of European integration, by raising the issue of whether it can be considered as a pluralist system. Such a system can be defined as one whose policy-making is open and unpredictable, meaning, on the one hand, that any actors, including in this case those coming from Central and Eastern Europe, are able to influence decision-making and, on the other hand, that it is impossible to establish a definitive hierarchy of the various participants' influence. Hence the choice to examine the phare programme and the Europe agreements in an attempt to gauge the respective influence of representatives from the commission, the member states, the European parliament and from Central and Eastern Europe. To carry out this work, an empirical research, based on numerous interviews with actors involved in the policy, has been conducted, and an interdisciplinary approach, combining among other aspects the history of international relations and of the analysis of public policy, has been adopted. Even if the Central and Eastern European countries were obliged to wait for the implementation phase to affect the policy directed towards them and if the member states seemed to be the main actors, the EC system can indeed be described as pluralist
Hunter, Elizabeth Katherine. "Melancholy and the doctrine of reprobation in English puritan culture, 1550-1640." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7adadd9e-17c0-4ebe-837b-0e5183fc8495.
Full textRobert, Cécile. "La fabrique de l'action publique communautaire : le programme phare (1989-1998), enjeux et usages d'une politique européenne incertaine." Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21017.
Full textBue, Charlotte. "La politique de développement de l'Union européenne : construction et projection de l'Europe par le Sud, 1957-2010." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/3fm4jv3k2s99lms9jb5in16bl.
Full textThe European Union's development policy towards the South is one of the oldest EU policies. ‘Accidentally’ enshrined in the 1957 Rome Treaty, it has become, after more than five decades of European construction, an essential component of the EU's external action. Indeed, the Union now accounts for almost 60% of global official development aid (ODA), giving credence to Europe's leadership claim on the international development stage. However, behind the façade, said "Europe" is composed of “27+1” donors (the Commission and the 27 Member states), all of which jealously defend their prerogatives and their preferences. Such fragmentation undermines the EU's effectiveness, as well as its influence. Within the last few years, EU-level collective action in the development field has appeared both increasingly necessary (to tackle the challenges of a globalized and interdependent world) and opportune (to assert the EU's role in world affairs). EU donors have thus accepted a growing degree of integration, committing to a common political framework, a code of conduct on implementation, and agreed financial targets. This painstaking but undeniable process of change denotes the emergence of a truly 'European' development policy, based on common values and interests, as well as on a renewed international ambition. Through the development lens, the making of this collective policy offers an original insight as to how “Europe” is constructed on the long term, fabricated daily, and projected internationally
Teodorescu, Daniela Iulia. "Le point de vue des Roumains sur le don d'organes, les décisions de fin de vie et la couverture sociale : trois études d'éthique de soin Le point de vue des Roumains et des professionnels de la santé concernant le don d'organes vivants Le point de vue des roumains et des professionnels de santé concernant le Suicide Médicalement Assisté Le point de vue des roumains concernant la couverture sociale." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20100.
Full textOur research investigates the views of Romanians lay people’s and health professionals regarding living organ donation (LOD), physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and health insurance program. Our work is based on N.H. Anderson's Functional Theory of Information Integration (1981). With regard to the first study: 263 adults (including 51 health professionals) rated the LOD's acceptability of the 42 realistic scenarios resulting from the combination of five factors: A) type of organ, B) whether it could have been obtained from a cadaver, C) donor-recipient relationship, D) donor's level of autonomy, E) financial compensation, to which we added factor F) patient’s level of responsibility for their illness. For the second study: 212 lay people’s and 52 health professionals judged the acceptability of PAS in 36 realistic vignettes composed of all combination of four factors: A) the patient’s age, B) the level of the incurability of the illness, C) the type of suffering, and D) the patient’s request for PAS. Regarding the third study: 271 adults (including 40 health professionals and 33 business managers) judged the acceptability of the health insurance program in 51 realistic scenarios resulting from the combination of five factors: A) Employers contribution, B) Workers contribution, C) Medical and dental coverage, D) Coverage of chronic or severe illness, E) Beneficiaries. Results: Regarding LOD, seven qualitatively different judgment positions were found: Never Acceptable (12%), Free Market (44%), Compensation (12%), Altruism (6%), Always Acceptable (16%), Patient’s responsibility (4%) and Undetermined (6%). For the second study, the results show that the majority of lay people (51%) and health professionals (85%) were opposed to the PAS, regardless of the conditions. Regarding our third study the results show that most participants (78%) favored the existence of a health insurance program
Jing, Xuewen. "La Croissance économique et le bonheur : le système de protection sociale en Chine et les idées inspirées de l'Europe." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/150239548#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the welfare system in China and the inspired ideas of Europe, rather in the social sciences, not for technical methods. We support a role for social protection during the modernization of China. Currently the issue of social protection is at the heart of Chinese society. Three reasons for this unprecedented attention paid to social protection system in China : first, we often find the absence of a policy of welfare for the population and secondly, economic growth brings a revival of ideology, many Chinese turning their attention to certain social problems to build a democratic society that a welfare state can be established, and thirdly, the history of Europe shows that social protection is an economic investment. A relatively just society through a system of comprehensive social protection is a sound basis for economic construction. The European social model is distinguished by a high level of social protection. But the level of the Chinese system is too low, especially in vast rural areas, there is almost no social protection. The purpose of economic growth is to make the happiness of the population. In a context of radical social change, China needs to catch up on social protection by the functions of the State
Dupont, Bernard-Marie. "Euthanasie et suicide médicalement assisté : le droit français peut-il et doit-il évoluer ?" Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA2001.
Full textEuthanasia can be defined as an act to cause directly the death of a human being, so that this death quickly happens and without suffering, with the intention to deliver that or the one who is going to die from an unbearable condition. The suicide medically assisted is often moved forward as a synonym, because in the case of the euthanasia as in that of the suicide, it is the will of the patient that has to express himself, and which is essential. In the case of the euthanasia, as in the case of the suicide medically assisted, the death is given by another person.In the French law, the euthanasia and the suicide medically assisted are not authorized. Under the pressure of media business, since a few years, patients, families, nursing, associations claim a right for the death chosen as medical reasons. In a way, is claimed an opposable right to be able to choose the moment of its own death. Others oppose the decriminalization and the legalization.Does the French law can and he has to evolve? It is this question that this thesis intends to answer, in two parts. In the first part, dedicated to the comparative law, are analyzed the Belgian law of June 22nd, 2002 which legalized the euthanasia, and the bill from Quebec N 52 of June, 2013.In the second part, having noticed the specificities of the contract of care, it is put that it required there to maintain the outlawed euthanasia, or more exactly than a specific law is not imperative upon the French legal tradition, which has to maintain the prohibition of the decriminalization and the legalization of the euthanasia
Chasset, Audrey Jehel Louis. "Étude prospective d'un suivi à 3 mois de suicidants après une hospitalisation pour une crise suicidaire impact de l'alliance créée et analyse des facteurs de rechute /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2009. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0496729.pdf.
Full textAcheampong, Ernest Yeboah. "Analyse socioéconomique du «phénomène de don en retour» : les footballeurs africains en Europe et l'aide à leurs communautés d'origine." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS016/document.
Full textThe increase in movement of professional footballers from Africa to the European leagues as observed since the 1990’, has transformed the labour football migration. In return, this also impacted African footballers’ incomes, social status, and their relation to the communities of origin in terms of socio-economic support. This research focuses on this subject by drawing on the understanding of the evolution of African professional football, players migration itineraries, as to explain the ‘give back phenomenon’ (GBP) related to their relationship with the communities of origin. It examines the role of the economic and non-economic factors that orient African footballers’ ways of giving back to their families, relatives, and the communities. Their give back may be determined by the aim of return on investments, by the influence of communities’ values, norms, or by embeddedness in social networks or by the institutionalised networks related to footballers’ migration. In other words, the analysis of their giving back may be based on the combination of social, cultural and economic factors. Thus, this research mobilised multidisciplinary approach through the socio-economic theoretical model of analysis. Weber methodology helps to do so, in the analysis of footballers’ 'give back' action. This is generally considered as the players’ social contribution and their communities expect to receive something from financially successful professional African migrant players. The study’s qualitative survey was based on thirty-two interviews of professional players from Africa including, biographies and autobiographies. The results show that African migrant players’ behaviours in term of giving back depend on their justifications, which are based on economic interest, social or cultural logics.The research revealed three major outcomes:1) specific evolution of African football and communities’ perception of professional football. This identified one periodization, with three phases, showing families, football structures and migration strategies evolution: a) the controversial vision of football (the 1980s): football vs. school b) the shared vision of football (the 1990s): gradual shift from social activity to a professional activity, and c) football professionalism as an opportunity (the 2000s) 2) three types of players’ migration itineraries which are linked to their strategies, networks mobilised, and the resources available to them: a) collective resource-based, b) formal networks-based, and c) individual resource-based. 3) typology of 'GBP' based on African migrant players’ socio-economic behaviours was a) hybrid family, b) cross-closed family, c) shared family, and d) shadow family that influenced their type of investments in the communities. On another hand, some projects of players tend to support regional and national development in the communities. However, African player migrants have to manage and protect the fame, and sporting resources by using them intelligently to do good things for their communities, friends and others beyond the continent. In conclusion, the itineraries of players’ show the role of the communities in their migration projects. On another hand, the evolution of African football displays how players’ strategies changed with the structuration of African football and the attractiveness of the European football market. The co-determining of economic and non-economic factors relating to the ‘GBP’, justify the use of economic sociology theories. This research demonstrates that ‘GBP’ is not only based on the players’ economic interest but also the combination of social, cultural and economic elements
Dall'erba, Sandy. "Les politiques de développement régional en Europe à la lumière des outils récents de la science régionale." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2004.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to consider the geographic location and the spatial environment of each European region in the estimation of the impact of the regional development policies. On the contrary of the studies à la Barro and Sala-I-Martin, we do not consider the regions as isolated entities. For this purpose, the relevant models (neoclassical and endogenous growth models, economic geography models) and methodologies are used. First, we review the tools of regional policies and the evolution of regional disparities. Second, we study the distribution of per capita GDP and structural funds among 145 European regions over 1989-1999. We detect the presence of positive spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of these variables. Then we measure through spatial econometrics the evolution of the convergence process over this period and the impact of structural funds. We find spillover effects, but only among core regions. Third, we focus on the regional system of Spain because this country is the first beneficiary of regional funds, but inequalities among its regions increase a lot. We measure the convergence of labor productivity per sector, and then estimate the parameters of a CES production function in continuous time. We also calculate the spatial gradients of the fundamental variables by projection methods. Finally, we study the nature, either competitive or complementary, of the spillover effects among Iberian regions
Kuokstyte, Ringaile. "Engagement par émulation des pays baltes en matière d’aide : une mise en perspective par rapport aux pays de Visegrád et l’étude de cas lituanienne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010289.
Full textThe dissertation aims to contribute to the research on determinants of the commitment of donor countries in the area of development aid. Given the progress of a universalist approach towards studying these determining factors (an approach aiming to identify common independent variables for the donor community as a whole), the dissertation takes the position of challenging the current research while, at the same time, enriching it. The main challenge, empirical as well as methodological, lies within the choice of a specific case study, which is the commitment of the Baltic states. Empirically, the specificity of the Baltic countries relates to their historical context, that is, their accession to the EU and their obligation to contribute to the efforts of the European donor community. Yet another specificity relates to the lack of relevant data and systematic research on the subject. Considering the biases which may result from this state of play concerning the Baltic countries, the dissertation frames their commitment in a comparative perspective with regard to the Visegrad Four, which possess relevant experience from the pre-1989 period. Despite the lack of their own national experience, the Baltic states deploy efforts akin to those of the Visegrad countries. Hence, their commitment reveals itself as a complex sociopolitical reality, determined by factors other than incrementalism or the EU’s pressure. The commitment appears as a process of intergovernmental emulation. A social nature of this process is however less linked to an unconditional belief in what is considered to be appropriate than to a reasoned effort not to stand out among one’s peers
Contrafatto, Magali Bakouche David. "Le Médecin et la mort." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://portail.bu.univ-artois.fr/simclient/integration/incipio/consultation/binaries/stream.asp?instance=incipio&PDF=YES&EIDMPA=INCIP_GED_RESS_479.
Full textPilliat, Gabrielle. "Deux décisions de la Cour Suprême du Canada sur le suicide médicalement assisté de Rodriguez (1993) à Carter (2015) : parle-t-on toujours du même geste ?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36882.
Full textLorant-Plantier, Emilie. "Contribution géographique à la démarche d'évaluation environnementale dans le cadre de grands projets d'infrastructures linéaires : l'exemple du projet Seine-Nord Europe." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010645/document.
Full textThis thesis is led by difficulties experienced by planners during linear infrastructure studies and developments. In the present context, they have to ensure a successful project without any extra cost while also taking into account environmental issues at different scales, as natural habitats and biodiversity protection. Until recently, these issues were not a main source of concern and studies were carried out to simply cover regulatory requirements as environmental assessment. Nevertheless, since The Grenelle Environment Forum, environment concerns have been considered as a key challenge for linear infrastructure projects in spite of difficulties due to a lack of process and efficient tools. Therefore this thesis provides an environmental assessment analysis based on environmental and experimental spatial planning geography and focused on the North-Seine canal project with some inconsistencies from European to local scale. Firstly, based on the description and analysis of this project, this thesis is a contribution to the knowledge improvement of planning strategies and the way they take into account environment issues: biodiversity and natural resources and environment protection are the main environmental concerns. Furthermore, this thesis is also designed as an “action research” and a help for project planners and managers with effective help. Three different ecological vulnerability assessment tools have been created to analyze natural resources and environments along the route proposition and they are described in this paper
Yoon, Seock-Jun. "Europe in the North Korean crisis (1995-2009) : a multi-track diplomacy approach." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0009.
Full textThis thesis aims at exploring the role of Europe in the North Korean crisis during the period from 1995 to 2009. We posit that the undervalued profile of Europe in this crisis in the previous research is mainly due to the realist, state-centred and EU-centred bias of mainstream research, overlooking the overall role of multiple European actors. While the term ‘Europe’ in this thesis is operationalized to refer to a set of multiple European actors, including not only the EU and the EU Member States but also the non-EU European states and the European NSAs, we propose a new analytical framework – European Multi-Track diplomacy – to re-examine the role of Europe in this crisis. Within this framework, we investigate whether the ‘multiplicity’ of European actors, as a distinguishing feature from other international actors in this crisis, is a comparative advantage for Europe to influence this crisis by raising three research sub-questions concerning actors, relationships and influence. For this, a qualitative case study, divided into two sub-cases in a case-within-a case approach is conducted as follows: Europe in the North Korean nuclear crisis; Europe in the North Korean humanitarian crisis. The conclusion drawn from these two sub-case studies is that the European Multi-Track diplomacy based on the multiplicity of European actors made it possible for Europe to influence the North Korean crisis. The different ways of interactions and relationships among multiple European actors, particularly between Track One and Track Two actors, in the North Korean nuclear and humanitarian crises are correlated with the different results of European influence to these two crises
Mittoux, Aurélia. "Évaluation de la mortalité chez les patients schizophrènes traités par des antipsychotiques dans des conditions normales de prescription en Europe et en Asie." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10268.
Full textKevonian, Dzovinar. "Réfugiés et diplomatie humanitaire : les acteurs européens et la scène proche-orientale pendant l'entre-deux-guerres." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010514.
Full textHow the development of the refugees issue at the beginning of the xxth century emerges in the field of international relationships ? Can we say that it starts a humanitarian diplomacy by peace time about refugees ? How the study of the middle-east and the plans settled by the league of nations explain the nature and the limits of this diplomacy ? The first part of our study is about the middle-east in 1918-1923. Refugees in cilicia, syria and lebanon take part in the french eastern diplomacy as an element in the military strategy, territorial rivalries, and the minorities "game" after 1921. In the second part, we are studying europe and geneva, and we are trying to analyse the evolution of the refugees issue (massive exodus, stateless persons, forced denationalisations, obligation of passeport) and the development of the humanitarian action. We describe the framework of the humanitarian diplomacy : high-commissionner of the l. O. N. , advisory committee of private organisations, and refugees service of the i. L. O. The third part studies the international settlement plans of armenian and assyrian refugees in syria and lebanon between 1927 and 1938, the intervention of the international red cross committee during the revolt of druzes (1925-1926), and the main elements of humanitarian network (protestant missions. International red cross committee, i. L. O. , l. O. N. , french office of l. O. N. ), with a special attention to fridtjof nansen and albert thomas. The conclusion underlines contributions of socio-history of international relationships, the study of networks appears as an important element in the analysis of international cooperation structures
Dakowska, Dorota. "Les fondations politiques allemandes dans la politique étrangère : de la genèse institutionnelle à leur engagement dans le processus d'élargissement de l'Union européenne." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0040.
Full textThis PhD thesis analyses the German political foundations as actors of both foreign policy and transnational party cooperation. As party related, publicly financed organisations the German foundations may be considered as brokers between different institutional fields and this position is their main resource. At first the conditions of foundations’ emergence in the post-war Germany are analysed: the beginnings of the German Foreign policy during the Cold War, the interministerial struggles for the definition of the development policy. Analysing the intrication of public and private actors in the conduct of the Foreign policy allows studying the legitimating of this policy at the administrative level, such as the construction and strategic use of the NGO image by the foundations. The case study of foundations’ involvement in Poland during the transformation process throws new light on usual approaches of “democracy assistance”, as an interactive perspective is proposed. Moreover, observing foundations’ action as mediators to the transnational party cooperation during the EU enlargement allows studying the mechanisms of party affiliation preceding the accession of new member states. Thus, socialisation forums and transnational norm dynamics are revalorised, which goes beyond the conditionality framework dominating the enlargement studies
Joynt, Shaun. "Exodus of clergy : a practical theological grounded theory exploration." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27595.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Practical Theology
unrestricted
Contrafatto, Magali. "Le Médecin et la mort." Artois, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ARTO0302.
Full textThis thesis aims at analysing the extent to which the tendency to recognize the autonomy of the patient’s will influences the evolution of the doctor's role with respect to death. The author focuses on the traditional role assigned to the doctor to preserve life. This important power is composed of rights and duties. This power is founded not only upon body cares but also upon the implementation of public health policies. The author's various reflections leads him to examine the notion of medical act, the personality of the embryo, the definition of death or organ donation. The doctor has to preserve the life of his patient, as he engages his responsibility. He also has to respect his patient's death, refraining himself from any unreasonable obstination. This does not necessarily imply that the doctor must accept the patient's will to die. And yet, within the light of the evolution of the medical act, which is not solely therapeutic but can also be for comfort, we examine the opportunity of conferring to the doctor the right to take the patient's life. French law does not allow euthanasia or assisted suicide, even though the law tries to match the reality of euthanasia. From the experience of other countries, the author proposes to legislate upon euthanasia and assisted suicide. The idea is to make the autonomy of the patient prevail, but to keep it within the frame of the doctor’s power. Today's de facto situation appears indeed to be insufficient, both for the doctors and for the patients
Czychon, Christoph. "Regional and Global Multinationals : an Examination of Theory and Empirical Evidence from European MNEs." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3038.
Full textMultinational enterprises (MNEs) act as the key drivers of world trade and investment activities due to their ability to facilitate (economic) interdependencies across national and regional markets. The international business and management research community has thereby shown a substantial effort to develop theoretical frameworks that explain the reasoning for and assess the status and progress of MNE internationality/regionality. In doing so, previous research, as original as by Rugman and Verbeke (2004a) and as recent as by Rosa et al. (2020), renders the concept of firm-level globalization, in terms of a balanced geographic distribution of sales across the triad, as meaningless and a special but not the general case.For the generation of a holistic view, the present work examines the existing literature from this specific research field and considers longitudinal data from European MNEs for an empirical assessment. The body of literature defining and conceptualizing the different kinds of (international) firms is thus reviewed and analyzed while accessing more than 100 excerpts from peer-reviewed and monographic works. In addition, it is assessed how MNE regionality and globality are operationalized and measured. Likewise, a detailed review and analysis of the research that considers MNE classification systems and contributes to the regional and global debate is provided. Based on 253 data samples, it is thereby shown that 85.0% or 28,575 of the 33,632 firms are classified as home region-oriented MNEs. In consequence, prior research indicates that these MNEs are – despite their interdependencies – dominantly (home-) regional.In extension, the present work contributes to the existing debate on regional and global MNEs based on the analysis of longitudinal data from European MNEs. Using sales and employee data, MNEs listed in CAC40 and DAX30 are substantially increasing in interregional orientation throughout the 2005-2015 period. In consequence and with home-region orientation fading, the stake of home region-oriented MNEs decreases by 32.8% from 81.3% in 2005 to 48.4% in 2015. The additional data review suggests that growth into interregional orientation is incremental while selected cases exemplify that the development is not only gradual but also complemented by big steps, such as connected with foreign M&A activities. While these insights are in contrast with the original narrative, the present work provides a comprehensive and updated perspective on regional and global MNEs
Multinationale Unternehmungen (MNU) sind die Haupttreiber der Welthandels- und Investi-tionstätigkeit, da sie (wirtschaftliche) Abhängigkeiten zwischen nationalen und regionalen Märkten fördern. Die internationale Forschungsgemeinschaft für Wirtschaft und Management hat daher erhebliche Anstrengungen unternommen, um einen theoretischen Bezugsrahmen zu entwickeln, der die Gründe für sowie den Status und die Entwicklung der Internationalität/ Regionalität von MNU erläutert und bewertet. Frühere Forschungsarbeiten, bspw. von Rugman and Verbeke (2004) und Rosa et al. (2020), ordnen dem Konzept der Globalisierung auf Unternehmensebene, d.h. eine geografische Verteilung von Umsätzen innerhalb der Triade, eine bedeutungslose Rolle zu, die einen besonderen und nicht den Regelfall wiederspiegelt.Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Forschung aus diesem spezifischen Bereich und berücksichtigt Längsschnittdaten von europäischen MNU für eine eigene Analyse. Die Literatur, welche die verschiedenen Arten von (internationalen) Unternehmungen definiert und konzeptualisiert, wird daraufhin analysiert, wobei auf mehr als 100 Auszüge aus von Experten begutachteten und monografischen Werke zurückgegriffen wird. Darüber hinaus wird bewertet, wie Regionalität und Globalität von MNU operationalisiert und gemessen wird. Ebenso wird eine detaillierte Überprüfung und Analyse der Forschung bereitgestellt, die innerhalb des Diskurses die Klassifikation von MNU berücksichtigt. Anhand von 253 Datenstichproben wird dabei verdeutlicht, dass 85.0% oder 28,575 der 33,632 Unternehmungen als Heimatregionen-orientierte MNU eingestuft werden. Somit zeigt die bestehende Forschung, dass MNU – trotz der bestehenden Abhängigkeiten – überwiegend (Heimatregionen-orientiert und) regional sind.Die vorliegende Arbeit trägt auf Basis der Erhebung und Analyse von Längsschnittdaten von europäischen MNU auch zur bestehenden Debatte über regionale und globale MNU bei. Die Auswertung von Umsatz- und Mitarbeiterdaten von CAC40 und DAX30 gelisteten MNU zeigt dabei, dass sich die interregionale Ausrichtung im Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2015 deutlich verstärkt. Mit abnehmender Heimatregionen-Orientierung sinkt dabei der Anteil der regionalen MNU um 32.8% von 81.3% im Jahre 2005 auf 48.4% im Jahr 2015. Die weitere Datenanalyse zeigt auch, dass die Veränderung zu einer interregionalen Orientierung graduell erfolgt, wäh-rend ausgewählte Fälle verdeutlichen, dass auch sog. „große Schritte“ möglich sind. Da diese Erkenntnisse im Gegensatz zur ursprünglichen Forschung stehen, bietet die vorliegende Arbeit eine übergreifende und aktualisierte Perspektive für regional- und global-orientierte MNU
Staedelin, Marie. "Methodological approaches for the benefit-risk assessment of medicinal products in European regulatory decision-making : a special emphasis on the MultiCriteria Decision Analysis "MCDA” Method a quantitative approach." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ013.
Full textThe benefit-risk evaluation of new medicines plays a central role in safeguarding public health. Nevertheless, it seems that the benefit-risk evaluation calls for further improvement. In 2010, no review had been performed of how available benefit-risk assessment methods could be applied for a regulatory benefit-risk assessment and how feasible that would be when facing real-life cases. The objective of this thesis has thus been to identify method(s) that could be theoretically used for such an assessment, and then to confront it/them to real-life cases, in order to determine their applicability. The results of the methods evaluation showed that the most suitable methods for a regulatory benefit-risk assessment of medicinal products are the MCDA method and the MCDA based methods. The results of the practical application of the MCDA indicated that the method could be used for medicinal products registered through a common registration scenario in Europe. However it should be noted that this method provides neither a “ready-made” recipe to perform an assessment nor a direct answer
Bernard, Claire. "La biodiversité par projet : Réflexivité engagée et dispositif stratégique en Albanie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD058/document.
Full textOverseas Development Assistance (ODA) operates mainly through projects. Envisioned as an efficient mean to inject funds according established targets in specific sectors of the economy, projects have generated a vast managerial literature aiming at optimizing the delivery of rationally planned and controlled outputs. Projects are also widely used to mainstream biodiversity in the ODA sector. However, our genealogy of biodiversity as a global environmental issue shows how this kind of wicked and ambiguous problem challenges the mechanistic rationality at the basis of all ODA project models. Building on both global and local levels, biodiversity issues cannot be properly constructed and managed through ex ante planning processes or ex post evaluations, but are arising from multi-actors interactions throughout the project life.By shifting the traditional focus of analysis of project management we assume a posture of "embedded research" allows us to experiment and describe the strategic activity of conceiving environmental action frames. We are equipping this posture building on Strategic Environmental Management Analysis (SEMA), adjusted with foucaldian analytical frameworks in management science on collective action design.Pairing the concepts of “regime” and “device”, we propose to use them as a central analytic tool to study this strategic activity that articulates a general intention – a biodiversity regime – conceived through a project understood as a device (i.e.: an heterogeneous set of actors, institutions, tools and knowledges). The figure of "reflexive pole” endorses the conception of the environmental strategy as a liminal site embedded in a specific device through the exercise of a “committed reflexivity”.The project used as an empirical basis for this intervention research, funded by the French Global Environment Facility (GEF), was designed in an original approach between Albanian Rural Development Agency (MADA) and Mediterranean intergovernmental organization (CIHEAM-IAMM) having agreed to "embark" a research function in a concrete process of building Signs of quality and origin (SIQO) for local productions from pastoral and agricultural systems and collection activities of non-timber products. The hypothesis advanced by the project "BiodivBalkans" (2012-2016) was that this process can promote a sustainable environmental management of agro-silvopastoral Albanian territories.This inquiry – led in a pragmatic perspective – is based on a situated narrative and description of the project’s developments studied as a strategic device, to which is attached the activity of the “reflexive pole”. Doing so, we emphasize the cognitive, organizational and strategic nature of conceiving the frames of environmental action in a situated device related to an evolving biodiversity regime. Beyond the irreducibility of this experience, the added value of this research work is twofold.From a practical standpoint, we propose to consider the “reflexive pole’s” activity as an additional modality to design and implement ODA environmental projects. We derive three invariants of this biodiversity mainstreaming activity (i.e.: framing, shaping, using), which designate three modes of exerting a “committed reflexivity”. Theses strategic operations of different nature and conceptual scales are to design the environmental dimension of collective action devices in complex, ambiguous and adverse universe.From an analytical standpoint then, theorizing the “reflexive pole’s” strategic activity allows us to redefine the status of the environmental actor as proposed by the Strategic Environmental Management Analysis (SEMA) in an actor-centric perspective. We used the concepts of “knowledge brokering" and» boundary organization” to enlarge this focus with a socio-cognitive dimension and build theoretical foundations to further explore the cognitive, procedural and located dimension of environmental changes in collective action devices
Pâris, Laurence. "De l'internationalisation du conflit centre-américain : l'influence des acteurs externes sur l'évolution politique de l'Amérique centrale des années quatre-vingts." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010312.
Full textThe first time in the history of Latin America when a great number of outside parties were involved in a regional conflict was in Central America in the 1980's. At that time, the democratic evolution of the local political regimes appeared as the result of the interacting strategies of many foreign countries. Some of them seemed to be operating in an East Ouest confrontation state of mind while others tended to minimize the conflict to its local scale. For example, the democratization of Central American countries serves the US policy better than one solely based on strengh. At the same time, the Ussr does not develop an offensive policy in area which is considered as a bartering commodity in its relationship with the US. Meanwhile, in order to gain the international community's trust and maintain the stability of the new regime in Nicaragua, Cuba is trying to still the revolutionary movements. On the other hand, European countries, be it the EEC, the states or certain political movements, offer a western alternatives to the us and might end up as being the way to follow. However, European actions have only been able to go this far because of the birth of an independent Latin American diplomacy, especially through the Contadora group. This group aims at an economic development and a greater political stability in the area. Today, as we are neating the end of this decade, the collapse of the communist system speeds up the democratic transition of the Central American regimes, proving this type of regime to be the only viable reference
Tranchant, Blandine. "De l'invention du mourant à la figure de l'agonie. Recherche sur l'ultime épiphanie de la personne incarnée." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3010/document.
Full textIn the context of today’s world, medical care is becoming increasingly necessary to assist patients at the end of life. It appears that this care is taking on more and more importance and is subject to fewer and fewer questions. is less and less questioned. However, confining the end of life to the state of dying and its medical support is problematic. Can the end of life be resumed as stopping hydration and artificial feeding, sedation in its different forms, euthanasia, assisted suicide, and palliative care? Can it be summed up as a simple medical question? Isn’t the end of life, first and foremost, linked to an existential question in which, at the time of our decline, we come face to face with agony? Finiteness and suffering are at the heart of our questioning as we confront life’s hardships, revealing the mystery of the flesh. With the help of Michel Henry’s philosophy, agony will gradually reveal itself as an ultimate opportunity for self-revelation. Faced with the paradox of evil, we find Man capable of coping with an effort of re-personification. This necessary effort will unfold in the metaphysical, ethical and political fields. This same effort allows Man to take responsibility for himself and to contemplate existential questions. The subjectivity of each person must become the center of the healthcare institution. Agony becomes the possibility to rethink the place of the individual person within the hospital system: the care giver, the care receiver and those supporting them, all while developing an ethical personal assistance which must then translated into policies. Because even if metaphysically, living out agony cannot be otherwise justified but by Love, ethically we must build a new way of operating. We must leave room for fraternity as a consequence of being of the flesh, to imagination in order to respond to our fellow man and our life’s calling, and to subsidiarity so that everyone is respected in his actions and consciousness. Politically, it opens up the possibility of a hospital system respectful of each "I Can" which is echoed within its walls. Respect for the patient's consent remains the cornerstone of the hospital system but can only be built with an alliance with caregivers