Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aide au suicide – États-Unis'
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Laurent, Olivier. "Monoparentalite et risque de pauvrete aux etats-unis : une representation sociale de la pauvrete." Caen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CAEN1252.
Full textIn the united states, social representations are deep-rooted in the culture. Social policies are typical of the value breed by this representation. These social policies also relieve the nature of the treatment reserved to single mothers. The first part of this doctoral thesis analyses the representation of poverty. The second one focuses on the treatment of poverty. The third one takes interest in the process of feminisation of poverty and, finally, the last part describes the assistance that families with dependent children receives
Pujoll, Claude J. "De la nouvelle frontière à la grande société : une étude de la lutte contre la pauvreté sous la présidence de John F. Kennedy et Lyndon B. Johnson." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30034.
Full textThe purpose of the research has been 1) to study the historical causes which led to the situation prevalent in 1961-68 as well as the extent of poverty in the united states; 2) to examine in depth the war on poverty declared by president kennedy and pursued by president johnson, and to explore the scope and nature of the law applicable to the poor within the constitution, primarily as that law is found in welfare codes, statutes, ordinances, programs and administrations, and to report the efforts being made by the federal, state and local governments to assist the poor; 3) to provide a critical review of the rules and procedures, doctrines and presuppositions of the law applicable to the poor within the framework of the economic opportunity act of 1964. Suggestions for improving existing systems of assistance and for entirely new ones have also been discussed
Bertho, Michelle. "Les fondations privées américaines et le développement au XXIe siècle : l'exemple de la lutte contre le sida." Paris 8, 2010. http://octaviana.fr/document/164690670#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textLarge private foundations - mostly American - have exercised power and influence, tainting the politics of development aid since its beginning. Their role, discrete but effective, supporting American foreign policy, changed toward the end of the XX century. They became more visible and started to claim a principal role on the global development scene. Major philanthropists today are convinced that principles governing the business world will further social transformation, and that private enterprise models can be applied efficaciously to social issues. The amount of money involved is enormous, and the desire for change sincere. This phenomenon is especially visible in global public health where cooperation between the public and private sectors is required. Large foundations work with sovereign states, addressing epidemics and other major health issues. Such is the case in India and Botswana where the major foundations bring extensive resources and expertise to bear on HIV/AIDS. Their involvement in public health does not go without consequences, significantly impacting governance issues
Mével, Caroline. "Les New Yorkais dans la grande dépression 1929-1934 : chômage et aide sociale : prolégomènes à un New Deal." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070082.
Full textFrom 1929 to 1934, New York appears to have been the laboratory where, in the move from private charity to public welfare, the prolegomena to the New Deal, and beyond, to the Welfare State, were set. At the epicenter of the financial crisis, New York's unemployed were growing fast to a million or more, and working or living in Manhattan, specifically, was getting difficult. Denied social protection and private resources, needy families sought help from the numerous service agencies and "scientific" charities which were supported by rich philanthropists and run by social reformers who employed professional social workers. From 1931 on, their power to act reached its limit, and they appealed to the political authorities for help. The City of New York had limited powers in the field of caring for the destitute; its role was mainly to provide advice and help to private programs, and contribute to setting up fund raising appeals. In 1931, Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt moved New York State into action with the TERA. Its aim was a massive program of job creation; material help was made possible too. The State let the City of New York build its own relief and employment programs and injected public funds as an incentive to act. During the "Hundred Days" (March 4 — June 16, 1933), President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the FERA which applied at a federal level reenacted the rules of the TERA and the New York experiment. The top New York social work leaders were involved in building a public welfare System and a labor legislation which put the common man under the protection of the Federal State
Huret, Romain. "Le grand dessein : les experts sociaux et la construction de la guerre contre la pauvreté aux États-Unis 1945-1972." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0085.
Full textIn the forties and fifties, a poverty network made up of experts created a science of poverty. At the core of the network was the federal government, helping develop research process on poverty along with universities and foundations. In a span of twenty years, the reform network shaped a new definition of poverty linked to the prosperity of these decades : poverty was now defined as relative, massive and unintentional. Unified during the research process, the poverty network split into three groups when Kennedy and Johnson launched the war on poverty : an institutional group was in favor of reinforcing the welfare side of the social security system, a tax group urged a negative income tax and a pragmatic group advocated the empowerment of poor people through the community action programs. Although it was mainly bureaucratic, the strategic competition entered public debate at the end of the Johnson administration. At that time, only the tax group and the institutional group continued to compete. Nevertheless, in 1972, the failure of the family assistance plan foreshadowed the defeat of the poverty network and its project of universal guaranteed income
Lavinal, Françoise. "Le "Peace corps" : histoire critique d'une utopie." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30018.
Full textThe peace corps, a us government agency of volunteers created by john fitzerald kennedy in 1961, answers three main purposes : to help the peoples of third-world countries in meeting their needs for trained manpower, to helps promote a better understanding of the american people on the part of the peoples served and a better understanding of other peoples on the part of the american people. Should we think that its creation is linked to an authentic ideal of justice and peace or to a profound desire of expansionism on the part of the usa? the historical context in which the peace corps was created, its survival in the political history of the usa, the analysis of questionnaires sent to volonteers in service in fifteen countries, the assessment of the reactions aroused by the creation and the evolution of such an organization, within the united-states and outside the united-states, bring to light an ambivalence in the purposes of the peace corps, ambivalence so often constituent of the american nation
Pâris, de Bollardière Constance. ""La pérennité de notre peuple" : une aide socialiste juive américaine dans la diaspora yiddish, le Jewish Labor Committee en France (1944-1948)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0024.
Full textIn the aftermath of the Holocaust, the material aid and moral support provided by the Jews of the United States played a considerable role in the reconstruction of European Jewry. This wide philanthropic undertaking was implemented through several completementary channels: the major, inclusive and unified relief of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee was supplemented by smaller networks of aid. If communal action was indeed necessary and efficient, each part of the Jewish world of the United States was willing to rescue its kin and to act independently to ensure the continuance of its own meaning of Jewishness. Within this frame, American Jewish Socialists of the Jewish Labor Committee, an anti-Nazi organizaton created in New York in 1934, supported the survivors of the non-Communist Yiddish world. Thousands of Holocaust survivors headed to Paris in the late 1940s, many staying in transit before leaving for their final destinations overseas. At that time, this European metropolis represented a place of hope for the fulfilment of their minority culture. The Jewish Labor Committee thus significantly concentrated on those survivors settled in France, who for the most part lived in or around the French capital. This study of the Jewish Labor Committee in France from 1944 to 1948 describes the concerns Bundists and Jewish Socialists of Yiddish culture faced in the aftermath of the genocide and the early Cold War period. Focusing on the inner circles of those actors as well as their interaction with the different Jewish and political groups which surrounded them, I question how they responded to the stakes of the postwar years and how they worked to perpetuate their political and cultural project outside of their communities of origin in Eastern Europe. The action of the Jewish Labor Committee in postwar France required considerable exchanges: of letters, information, people, material goods and money. These exchanges provide the resources for an analysis of the interaction of immigrants settled in two centers of a divergent migration. Inspired by research on transnationalism among first-generation immigrants, this study explores the movement of ideas and people across frontiers and the negotiation between two national contexts. If such questions are usually applied to migrants’ connections to their country of origin, I adapt them in the context of connections of migrants with another center of their diaspora. In the case of this encounter between Jewish Socialists in the United States and France, such a transnational approach leads me to evaluate the degrees of proximity between these two centers of the « Yiddish diaspora » in the aftermath of destruction
Finan, Anthony. "Autonomie et dépendance : analyse historique des relations entre les USA et la Corée du sud." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21022.
Full textAmerican aid towards south korea was, after the second world war, the major element of support of the national economy. However, without a global paln of economic development. The aid failed to build a coherent economic and productive structure. It helped nevertheless the state of south korea to survive. The years 1957 to 1965 were of deep transition marked by a diminishing level of aid and a quest of alternative sources of foreign savings. A double rupture is realized : on an external level, the reestablishment of official links with japan and the korean vietnam experience are the main topics. They will open the country to foreigh capital, technology and markets and establish triangular relations with japan and the usa. On an internal level, economy becomes the only goal to the success of which is devoted a very centralized and planning state which will manage successfully the major external constraints. This successful experience in development under constrainte invites us to be critical on dependancy theories and to renew our perception of the state in a developing country
Gagné, Louis. "REPENSER LES RAPPORTS EST-OUEST: Les États-Unis face à la Yougoslavie de Tito (1948-1953)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26938/26938.pdf.
Full textBoussac, Tamara. "Retour à Newburgh, New York : assistance sociale, fiscalité et bon gouvernement aux États-Unis (1945-1975)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0113.
Full textThis dissertation looks into the Newburgh, New York affair so as to unfold the existence a strong conservative critique of welfare programs in New York State between 1945 and 1975. It thus purports to write a social and political history of local and grassroots mobilizations against welfare in the liberal Northeast
Lamy, Aurélia. "La médiatisation de "l'Apocalypse" : le traitement médiatique des attentats du 11 septembre 2001 aux Etats-Unis dans la presse et à la télévision française (11-18 septembre 2001)." Metz, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2005/Lamy.Aurelia.LMZ0506_1.pdf.
Full textNine-eleven attacks in the United States are a "limiting" event, unfinished in reality, in time, the are synonymous of rupture and brutal change. The mediatization in urgency, generated by the unexpected character of the drama, influences the devices and the processes of social circulation of knowledge on the event. The informational uses are here in the center of knowledge relating to the event, the give him an interpretative framwork. We chose to analyze the tramsmission of information relating to the attacks in a semiopragmatic way. The construction od media speech on the event, more particularly on television and the french press (nearly 2000 analyzed documents), is in the middle of our concerns. By the installation of a simultaneous speech, the media play the part of creative filters of stereotypes and mental representations and thus contribute to the construction of representations of reality. Our analyses enable us to account for the communication activities in an urgently informational situation. Indeed, in front of the suddenness of the facts, the diffusion of information is innovative, the research of the scoop and the entry of the media in a competition logic leads to a redefinition of information in times of crisis. The mediatization, strongly anchored in this communication of crisis, is a mode of collective regulation. It builds a collective memory and common facts lived to international, and allows to insert the event in a "historical present"
Petcharamesree, Sriprapha. "L'aide étrangère et ses effets : le cas des grandes puissances à la Thaïlande et au Vietnam." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100016.
Full textForeign aid is rarely given for humanitairian reasons, but rather because of the political, strategic or economic interests of the donators. As the interests of the beneficiairies are only of secondary importance, the aid, instead of leading to development, can be damaging, creating a state of dependence with negative consequences. A case of American and Soviet aid to Vietnam is an outstanding example. Nevertheless, in some cases, such as one of Thailand, even if the help given is modest and even of the development of the aided country is not a prime objective, foreign aid can contribute to a certain degree of progress as long as it is used wisely and if the internal conditions (a favourable development policy and socio-political stability permit). Some economic progress may be achieved thanks to this aid but this does not necessarily lead to political development let democratic development for its own sake rather than as a haphazard secondary benefit
Bélanger, Jean-François. "L'évaluation en contexte de crise humanitaire : étude du cas de Katrina au regard du secteur de l'aide humanitaire internationale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29192/29192.pdf.
Full textMartinez, Zavala Tatiana. "Essays on Mexican Migration to the US." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2150/document.
Full textChapter 1Local Development and the Decision to Migrate : Evidence from Mexican Migration to the USMexican migration to the United States is one of the largest migration phenomena and subject to a wide range of studies having reached more than 11 million of Mexican immigrants in the US, which accounts for nearly a tenth of Mexico’s population and a third of all US foreign-born population. Despite having been widely studied, this paper contributes the scarce literature of the supply-side perspective. The paper is comprised by a simple game theoretic model which aims at illustrating the relationship between development outcomes and the decision to migrate and hence to motivate and provide a framework for the empiricalanalysis. Furthermore, the model incorporates a factor that has been recently shown to play a part on the migration decision : organized crime. Recent kidnapping of migrants suggest a new risk affecting trajectories, while a more violent environment may contribute to push migrants away from their homes. We test the model’s findings empirically using household survey data and propose different effects for legal and illegal migrants, as defined by the type of documents used to enter the US. The results from the illegal migrant subsample are in line with our theoretical framework and support the importance of local development variables as a determinant of migration.Chapter 2Foreign Aid, Illegal Migration and Organized CrimeThrough this chapter, the link between foreign aid, illegal migration and development is studied in a game-theoretic framework. We model a sequential game of a foreign government that decides its border control and foreign aid policies, which are known to source country government deciding on the level of investment in domestic development. In this particular framework, aid is used to fight crime organizations in the source country, as it represents a negative externality for the donor. Potential migrants then make their migration decisions after observing both government’s expenditure decisions, which have an impact on the probability of success. The model suggests migration flows are reduced by development expenditure and that the existence of organized crime, reduces the optimal level of aid allocated as crime works as an additional tool for reducing illegal migration. The model isthen tested empirically through a simultaneous equation model using cross-country data on migrant sending countries to eveloped donor countries. Most model predictions are supported by our empirical specification, suggesting indeed a reduction in aid allocation when migration and crime are high.Chapter 3The fall of mobility when moving : A study of social mobility of Mexican migrants to the US This chapter aims to study the impact of parental migration on their children. In concrete, we intend to infer the causal impact of US migration on the intergenerational transmission of education in Mexico. Social mobility and migration had only been analyzed comparingimmigrants and natives in the destination country. Thus, targeting the migrant population from the source-country perspective, our paper contributes the literature with a unique study of the effects of migration on the educational mobility of the left behinds. Using household survey data, we look at the educational attainment of individuals in Mexico and compare it to that of their parents and according to the parents migration status during their childhood. We exploit historical data to solve for the endogeneity of the decision to migrate through an instrumental variables approach, which allows us to draw causal inference of our results. Our results show that, although attractive on the short-term through the alleviation of current poverty, migration may be detrimental to the equality of opportunities on the long-run
Pâris, Laurence. "De l'internationalisation du conflit centre-américain : l'influence des acteurs externes sur l'évolution politique de l'Amérique centrale des années quatre-vingts." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010312.
Full textThe first time in the history of Latin America when a great number of outside parties were involved in a regional conflict was in Central America in the 1980's. At that time, the democratic evolution of the local political regimes appeared as the result of the interacting strategies of many foreign countries. Some of them seemed to be operating in an East Ouest confrontation state of mind while others tended to minimize the conflict to its local scale. For example, the democratization of Central American countries serves the US policy better than one solely based on strengh. At the same time, the Ussr does not develop an offensive policy in area which is considered as a bartering commodity in its relationship with the US. Meanwhile, in order to gain the international community's trust and maintain the stability of the new regime in Nicaragua, Cuba is trying to still the revolutionary movements. On the other hand, European countries, be it the EEC, the states or certain political movements, offer a western alternatives to the us and might end up as being the way to follow. However, European actions have only been able to go this far because of the birth of an independent Latin American diplomacy, especially through the Contadora group. This group aims at an economic development and a greater political stability in the area. Today, as we are neating the end of this decade, the collapse of the communist system speeds up the democratic transition of the Central American regimes, proving this type of regime to be the only viable reference
Caffin, Jean-Hugues. "L’aide au développement et le financement basé sur la performance : quelle performativité ? : analyse du processus de conceptualisation et de diffusion du financement basé sur la performance dans la gestion des systèmes de santé africains par la Banque Mondiale et l’USAID : étude du cas du Programme national de financement basé sur les résultats du Ministère de la Santé du Sénégal." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E037/document.
Full textPerformance-based financing is a management approach promoted by the World Bank (WB) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) that is rapidly being mainstreamed in development assistance programs. In a context where many studies have demonstrated the subjectivity of the link between the fight against poverty and the "good policies" recommended by the WB in the context of performance-based allocation (or selectivity), it seems relevant to question the performativity of this new instrument. Drawing jointly on actor-network theory and neo-institutional theories, we analyze the process of designing, experimenting, disseminating and implementing the instrument in the field of health policy reforms at the global level and then at the national level.At the global level, we study the conceptualization of the instrument, which we place in agenealogy of the neoliberal network's performance of development aid and global healthcarepolicies. We then analyze its experimentation in Rwanda, as part of a market-based regulationfor healthcare systems implemented through: (I) the deployment of activity-based payments to transform healthcare structures into autonomous economic actors (on the supply side), and (II) the creation of private community-based insurance structures designed to develop purchasing strategies (on the demand side). Finally, we study the instrument’s institutional diffusion under the effects of (I) a promotion of the Rwandan experiment decontextualized from the country’sspecific political situation, and (II) an incentive mechanism allowing the enrolment of both WB’sofficials and the ministries that are benefitting from the WB’s aid. At the national level, we have studied the influence strategy of a coalition of actors composedof the WB and USAID to promote the dissemination of these reforms in Senegal. We present the process of adoption of the reforms by the Ministry of Health, the failure of a competing regulatory model that was being tested by Belgian technical cooperation, and then the pressure exerted by the WB to coerce the government into internalizing the promoted model.We then put into perspective the abandonment of the market-based regulatory model that was initially announced, in favor of a new transnational regulation, materialized by activity-basedfinancing contracts that are directly controlled by the WB
El, Yattioui Mohamed Badine. "Les enjeux géostratégiques des programmes publics de Washington à destination de l'Amérique Latine, de George Bush père à George Bush fils (1988-2008)." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30059.
Full textThe relations between the United States and Latin America between 1988 and 2008 had known a lot of upheavals. The different reasons which were at the origin of that were approached in this dissertation. After having studied the theorical stakes concerning their relations we asked ourself if foreign policy was a classic public policy. Then, we studied development aid’s specificities and a theory promoted by George W. Bush which is the « transformational diplomacy ». In a second part, we studied diplomatical upheavals appeared in some countries of the region, consequence of the election of left wing governments. Pages dedicated to the three programs worked out by Washington during the 2000’s (MCA, both Colombian plans and Merida Initiative) showed the originality but also their application and their reserved results so much from the point of view of the efficiency and the consolidation of the diplomatical relations with the countries of this region. At last, we described and analyzed the importance the energy challenges with Latin America for the United States and developed reasons which urge them to want to constitute the FTAA. This show The interweaving of the economic, diplomatic and security questions for the American decision-makers
Hamel, Anne-Marie. "La photographie documentaire comme aide-mémoire de l'identité féminine américaine (1920-1960)." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3416/1/M11504.pdf.
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